12 Department of Education

National Capital Region

SCHOOL S DIVISION OFFICE
MARIK INA CITY

Practical Research 2
Quarter 1-Module 5
Research Title

Writer: Richard E. Parcon

Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas
Layout Artist: Arneil A. Pagatpatan

City of Good Character 1

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What I Need to Know
Good day Senior High School Students! In this lesson, you are going to
learn how to:

Write a Research Title (CS_RS12-ld-e-2)

Moreover, in this lesson, you will learn concepts and do practice activities
that will help you do the following:

1. identify the research problem;

2. state the elements of research title;
3. formulate a research title based on the elements presented; and
4. evaluate the proposed research title based on the elements
presented.

What I Know
Before you proceed to the different activities inside the module, answer
first this pre-assessment activity below to find out what you already know
about the topic.
Select your answers from the options provided after each item. Choose
and encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. It refers to the issues, concerns, and controversies that the researcher
is trying to investigate.
A. Research Problem C. Research Methodology
B. Research Design D. Research Approach

2. Rosemarie is a General Academic Strand Student from Tañong High

School, has already identified the research topic on the modernization
of Jeepney. Her father is a Jeepney driver in Calumpang-Barangka
route. She noticed that most of the Jeepneys including that of his father
are old model. In addition, she also observed that jeepney
modernization act is a very hot and relevant topic these days. Because
of the various perceptions of Jeepney drivers and commuters on the
said issue, So, she came up with the idea to possibly look on how
jeepney drivers and commuters in Marikina perceived the Jeepney
Modernization Act and she considered it as the main problem of
his research. Based on the situation given, what element of research
title is presented in the highlighted part of the situation?
A. Time Element C. Aim or purpose of the study
B. Location D. Subject matter to be
investigated

City of Good Character 1

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 3. After several attempt in writing a research title, she came up with this
title “Perception of Marikina Jeepney Drivers and Commuters in the
Proposed Jeepney Modernization Act”. Based on the proposed title given,
where is the place or locale the research is to be conducted?
A. Quezon City C. Manila City
B. Marikina City D. Pasig City

4. Using the proposed title in #3, what element of research title is

highlighted?
A. Aim or purpose of the study C. Place or location
B. Subject matter to be investigated D. Time Element

5. What element of research title is missing in the research title stated in

#3?

A. Aim or purpose of the study C. Place or location

B. Subject matter to be investigated D. Time Element

Lesson
Research Title
1

What’s In
Last time, you have studied about designing a research used in daily
life. This task will help you to recall your previous lesson regarding the
process of generating a research topic.
A. Arrange the following process of generating research topic in correct
order. Use letter A-G as your answer.
____________Focus on your topic
____________Make a list of keywords
____________Brainstorming
____________Be flexible
____________Research and read more about your topic
____________Search for resources and read general background information
____________Define your topic as focused research question

City of Good Character 2

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 B. Write your generated research topic that you have written in module
4.
___________________________________________________________________

In today’s lesson, you will learn about how to design a research used
in daily life. After generating the research topic in module 4, this lesson will
help you use your research topic as a tool in identifying a research problem
and at the end of the discussion, you will formulate a research title and
eventually you will try to evaluate your research title using the elements that
we will discuss in the succeeding part of this module.

What’s New
Let us start our lesson on writing a research title by looking at the
Activity below.

Funnel of Ideas!

This funnel of ideas is used in identifying a research problem and

formulating a research title. It contains the following elements: THEME (ideas
generated as the possible research topic), BROAD TOPIC (where the ideas
that you have generated in the theme is considered as current issue or the
problem is existing), NARROWING TOPIC (in which you are connecting the
broad topic to your context/situation or may be a situation of people in your
locality) and THESIS TITLE (the proposed title you came up using the ideas
from the THEME up to the NARROWING THE TOPIC STAGE).

Your task is to put the ideas or topics listed below in the appropriate
part of the funnel.

SOCIAL ISSUE DIFFRENCES IN THE

TRANSPORTATION
PERCEPTION OF JEEPNEY
DRIVERS AND COMMUTERS IN
MARKINA

JEEPNEY PERCEPTION OF MARIKINA JEEPNEY

MODERNIZATION ACT DRIVERS AND COMMUTERS IN THE
PROPOSED JEEPNEY MODERNIZATION ACT

City of Good Character 3

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 THEME

GENERAL
INTEREST

BROAD TOPIC

NARROW
TOPIC/RESEARCH
PROBLEM

THESIS TITLE

Let’s Analyze:

1. What are the clues or hint that you used in putting or placing your
answer in the corresponding part of the funnel?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. Does this activity help/give you an idea in the process of generating

research problem and constructing a research title?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

What is It

The funnel activity helps you to strengthen and expound the

process/activity that you have done in module 4. Since module 4 focused on
generating a research topic, this lesson focuses on identifying a research
problem and eventually it will reach the ultimate goal, to write a research title
for your research paper.

City of Good Character 4

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 According to Baraceros (2016), a research problem is something that
nurtures in a researcher’s mind like difficulty or uncertainty, enough to push
a researcher to do an empirical study in which they opt to find solutions to a
problem and to answer possible gaps they perceived based on curiosity.
Creswell (2014) stated that research problems are educational issues,
controversies, and problems where researchers are trying to investigate. In
addition, Creswell (2014) stated, that in the process of identifying a research
problem it should consists of the following: a). Specifying issues of the study,
b). Formulating a justification for conducting the study, c}. Presenting a clear
information regarding the relevance or importance of the study to the selected
people or subject matter to be investigated. Through identifying and specifying
a problem, the researcher will delimit the subject matter and focus attention
on the said specified topic.

In the sample activity presented a while ago, the researcher used funnel
activity to identify her research problem based on her generated research
topic.
What research problem is being identified?
_________________________________________________________________________
Using the identified problem, what research title or thesis title was
constructed?
_________________________________________________________________________
Creswell (2014) also added other factors in considering a research
problem and research title as quantitative by nature, he mentioned that a
research problem should:

1. MEASURES
VARIABLE: • The condition or element that you change in
• Independent an experiment. Moreover, the value of the
variable element does not depend on and it is not
affected by any variable
• It is the condition or element that you
measure in an experiment

• Dependent
variable
2. ASSESS THE IMPACT OF THESE VARIABLES IN AN OUTCOME
3. TEST THEORIES OR BROAD EXPLANATIONS
4. APPLY RESULTS TO A LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE

Let us examine the research problem used in the funnel of ideas, the
research problem identified is: “conflict or differences in the perspective of
Jeepney drivers in Jeepney modernization act”.

City of Good Character 5

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Using this research problem, let us determine if this research problem
is using quantitative approach based on the criteria presented.

1. MEASURE VARIABLE
• INDEPENT VARIABLE • Perception of Jeepney drivers or
commuters
• DEPENDENT VARIABLE • Jeepney Modernization Act
2. ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF Differences in the perception of
THESE VARIABLES IN AN Jeepney drivers and commuters
OUTCOME
3. TEST THEORIES OR BROAD Know the significant difference in the
EXPLANATION perception of both Jeepney drivers
and commuters in Jeepney
Modernization Act
4. APPY RESULT TO A LARGE The population carries a large
NUMBER OF PEOPLE number of people including drivers
and commuters. In addition, the
results will be disseminated to the
stakeholders involved in this study.

Based on the result in the table, it can be gleaned that the research
problem is using quantitative approach to research because it contains the
standards of quantitative research problem.
On the other hand, Baraceros (2016) and Creswell (2014) mentioned that
a standard research title should have the following elements:
1. Aim or purpose of the problem for the investigation.
2. The subject matter or topic to be investigated.
3. The place or locale where the research is to be conducted.
4. Period of time study during which the data are to be gathered.
5. Population or people from whom the data are to be collected

In addition, Baraceros (2016) stated that a research title should be written

in declarative statement.
Let’s try to evaluate the research title constructed in the Funnel of Ideas
to see if it contains the elements suggested below.

Research Title: “The Perceptions of Marikina Jeepney Drivers and

Commuters in the Proposed Jeepney Modernization Act”

Using the table below, identify the element presented in this title.

City of Good Character 6

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Aim or Subject Matter or Place or Period Population or
Purpose Topic to be locale of time respondents
investigated covered in involve
the study

What elements of research title is not observed in the given title?

________________________, if that is so, does it mean that the research title was
not able to meet standard stated above? Of course not, because Creswell
(2014), clarified that there are special cases where the period of time or other
elements are not specified in the title depending on the nature of the study
and nature on how the title is constructed. Other elements were not
mentioned in the research title that can be discussed in the purpose of the
statement which is indicated before the research questions or statement of
the problem. But in most cases, as suggested, research title should always
contain all the said elements.
Other research title under Quantitative Researches are as follows:
Perception of General Academic Strand Students of Tañong High School in
Using English Language as a Medium of Instruction
and Communication in Specialized Courses

Evaluation of Barangay Malanday Disaster Risk Reduction Management

Council in Response to the Needs of Community
During the Disaster Situation

The Perceptions of Tañong Senior High School Students in

Using Messenger as a Tool of Communication
and Gathering Information

In addition, Nunan and Bailey (2009) suggested that title should be

written in an inverted pyramid style.
The Perception of Marikina Jeepney Drivers and Commuters in
the Proposed Jeepney Modernization Act

What’s More
Answer the activities that will follow to practice your knowledge and
skill about designing a research used for daily life.

City of Good Character 7

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Activity 1. YOUR OWN FUNNEL OF IDEAS
This time you will now use the FUNNEL OF IDEAS in determining your
research problem in order to construct your research title. Write your
generated research topic in your module 4.

THEME

GENERAL
INTEREST

BROAD TOPIC

NARROW
TOPIC/RESEARCH
PROBLEM

THESIS TITLE

Activity 2 RESEARCH PROBLEM IN QUANTITATIVE APPROACH

After doing the funnel of ideas, you will determine if your answer in the
narrow topic/research problem is a quantitative research through the use of
factors stated by Creswell (2014). Write your answer on the column B.
Column A Column B
Research Problem: ____________________________________________________

1. MEASURE VARIABLE
• INDEPENT VARIABLE ______________________________________

• DEPENDENT VARIABLE ______________________________________

2. ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF

THESE VARIABLES IN AN
OUTCOME

City of Good Character 8

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
3. TEST THEORIES OR BROAD
EXPLANATION

4. APPY RESULT TO A LARGE

NUMBER OF PEOPLE

Activity 3 FORMULATING A RESEARCH TITLE

After determining if the proposed research problem is a quantitative
research, you will proceed now to the main goal of this lesson which is to
formulate your research title.

1. Write your initial research title written in your Funnel of ideas.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. Then, identify the elements of research title that you see in your initial
research title. If one or two elements are not observed in your research
title, you may start writing it below.

Aim or Subject Place or Period of Population

Purpose Matter or locale time or
Topic to be covered in respondents
investigated the study involve

3. After identifying and evaluating if your initial research title contains all
the elements of formulating a research title, formulate now your final
research title. Make sure to write it in an inverted pyramid style.

City of Good Character 9

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

In this lesson, we focused on generating a research topic that will
help you in designing a research that is useful in everyday life
specifically:
• Research problems are educational issues, controversies, and
problems where researchers are trying to investigate.

• In order to consider that a research problem is using

Quantitative approach to research it should have the following
factors: it measures variable, assessing impact of these
variables in an outcome, test theories or broad explanation,
and apply the results to a large number of people.

• In formulating a research title, a researcher should remember

the following elements: Aim or purpose of the problem for the
investigation, the subject matter or topic to be investigated,
the place or locale where the research is to be conducted,
period of time or study in which the data are to be gathered,
and population or respondents from whom the data are to be
collected.

• Creswell (2014) added, there are cases in which the research

title does not contain any elements stated. However, it should
be discussed in the purpose statement before the presentation
of the research questions.

What I Can Do
Apply what you have learned about formulating research title by doing
the activity the below.

Based on the research title you formulated, what prompted you to

conduct this research?

City of Good Character 10

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Assessment
Showcase the knowledge and skills you have learned in this lesson by
answering the assessment activity.
Determine the elements of research title present in the following research title
in the box. For those elements which are not present in the research title,
write the abbreviation NO (not observed).

Research title Aim or Subject Matter Place or Period Population

Purpose or Topic to be locale of time or
investigated covered in respondents
the study involve
Perspective of
entrepreneurs
and customers
in the use of
social media as
a platform for
advertising

The impact of
the city
ordinance
no.40: curfew to
the business
establishments
around the
vicinity of
barangay
Tañong and
Jesus Dela Peña

City of Good Character 11

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
The relationship
of using
Facebook on
general average
of grade 12
students of
Tañong high
school SY 2018-
2019

Satisfaction
level of
residents to the
facilities and
services of
selected
barangay health
center in
Marikina city

Evaluation of
business
licensing
procedure in
Marikina city:
basis for BPLO
service/improve
ment

Additional Activities

Complete the information being asked in this table.

Your Research Problem:

Your Research Title:

Present a brief background of

research title

City of Good Character 12

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 References

1. Apurado, G L et al. The Perception of Tañong Senior High School

Students in Using Messenger as a Tool of Communication and
Gathering Information. Unpublished Research. (Marikina: Tañong High
School-Senior High School Department. 2019).
2. Baraceros, Esther L. Practical Research 2 1st Edition. (Manila: Rex
Bookstore. 2016)
3. Belarmino, A et al. Perception of General Academic Strand Students of
Tañong High School in Using English Language as a Medium of
Instruction and Communication In Specialized Courses. Unpublished
Research. (Marikina: Tañong High School-Senior High School
Department. 2019)
4. Bigcas, C A et al. Perspective of Entrepreneurs and Customers in the
Use of Social Media as a Platform for Advertising. Unpublished
Research. (Marikina: Tañong High School-Senior High School
Department. 2018).
5. Bulpa, E T et al. Evaluation of Barangay Malanday Disaster Risk
Reduction Management Council in Response to the Needs of
Community during the Disaster Situation. Unpublished Research.
(Marikina: Tañong High School-Senior High School Department. 2019).
6. Castroverde, I et al. The Impact of the City Ordinance no.40: Curfew to
the Business Establishments around the Vicinity of Barangay Tañong
and Jesus dela Peña. Unpublished Research. (Marikina: Tañong High
School-Senior High School Department. 2018).
7. Creswell, John W. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and
Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. (USA: Pearson,
2014)
8. Escasa R et al. The Perception of Marikina Jeepney Drivers and
Commuters in the Proposed Jeepney Modernization Act. Unpublished
Research. (Marikina: Tañong High School-Senior High School
Department. 2019)
9. Evaluation of Business Licensing Procedure in Marikina city: Basis for
BPLO Service Improvement. Unpublished Research. (Marikina:
Tañong High School-Senior High School Department. 2018).

City of Good Character 13

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 10. Gayramara, J et al. Satisfaction Level of Residents to the Facilities and
Services of Selected Barangay Health Center in Marikina city.
Unpublished Research. (Marikina: Tañong High School-Senior High
School Department. 2018).
11. Paliza, C et al. The Relationship of using Facebook on General Average
of grade 12 students of Tañong High School SY 2018-2019.
Unpublished Research. (Marikina: Tañong High School-Senior High
School Department. 2018).
12. Selecting and Narrowing Topic. Accessed on May 7, 2020
https://www.lagrange.edu/resources/documents/Selecting%20and%
20Narrowing%20Topic.pdf

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Richard E. Parcon (THS)
Editors: Nieves T. Salazar, Ph. D. (PHS)
Nida P. Andrada, Ed. D. (PSDS)

Internal Reviewer: Janet S. Cajuguiran (EPS-English)

Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas (PHS)
Layout Artist: Arneil A. Pagatpatan (NHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Janet S. Cajuguiran
EPS-English

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: [email protected]

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

City of Good Character 14

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE