Gold Pre-First Wordlist

Gold Pre-First Wordlist
Uni Part of
Page Act. Word or phrase Pron Definition Example sentence
t Speech
a group of people connected to each other via Facebook is probably the most famous
1 6 1 social network n ˈnetwɜːk
the internet so they can share information example of a social network.
to look quickly through information on the I spend a lot of time surfing the internet every
1 6 2 surf the internet v phrase sɜːf
internet for anything that interests you day.
to make friends means to become friendly with Jenny has always found it easy to make
1 6 2 make friends n meɪk frendz
people friends.
to trust or depend on someone or something to
1 7 4 rely on v rɪˈlaɪ ɒn
do what you need or expect them to do
You can always rely on Joan.
to disagree with someone in words, often in an
1 7 4 argue with v ˌɑːgjuː wɪð
angry way
We could hear the neighbours arguing.
to study a subject in detail, especially in order He's been researching material for a
1 7 4 research v rɪˈsɜːtʃ
to discover new facts or test new ideas documentary.
to recognise and correctly name someone or He was too far away to be able to identify
1 7 4 identify v aɪˈdentəfaɪ
something faces.
For me the best way to find out about a future
to connect to other computers through the
1 7 5 go online v phrase gəʊ ˈɒnlaɪn career would be to go online and read as
internet
much information about it as I can find.
to talk in a friendly informal way, especially Several of us go online to chat every
1 7 5 chat v tʃæt
about things that are not important evening.
if two people are standing face to face, they are It is easier to explain things face to face than
1 7 5 face to face n ˈfeɪs tə ˈfeɪs
very close and are looking at each other by text.
He had never completely recovered from his
1 7 5 completely adv kəmˈpliːtli to the greatest degree possible
illness.
1 7 5 lose touch with n ˈluːz tʌtʃ wɪð stop talking or writing to someone I've lost touch with all my school friends.
to not have the latest knowledge about a
1 7 5 out of touch with n ˈaʊt əv tʌtʃ wɪð I'm out of touch with modern technology.
subject, situation, or the way people feel
I keep in touch with all my family, even
1 7 5 in touch with n ɪn ˈtʌtʃ wɪð talking or writing to someone
though we live in different countries.
1 7 6 related to adj rɪˈleɪtəd tuː connected by a family relationship John and David are related to each other.
a family group that consists not only of parents
We have a large extended family so family
1 7 6 extended family n ɪkˈstendəd ˈfæməli and children but also of grandparents, aunts,
parties are great fun.
etc
1 7 6 divorced adj dəˈvɔːst no longer married to your wife or husband Anne is divorced from Simon's father.
Simon's mother doesn’t like her daughter-in-
1 7 6 daughter-in-law n ˈdɔːtə ɪn lɒː your son's wife
law very much.
members of your family who lived a long time
1 7 6 ancestors n ˈænsəstə My ancestors were French.
ago
1 7 6 only child adj ˈəʊnli tʃaɪld a child who has no brothers or sisters Jeremy is an only child.
1
Uni Part of
t Speech
a magazine or newspaper printed for a
1 8 2 issue n ˈɪʃuː
particular day, week, or month
The next issue comes out on 1st November.
continuing to exist for a long time or for all the
1 8 3 permanent adj ˈpɜːmənənt
time in the future
Fiona has finally found a permanent job.
fixed times, amounts, meanings etc cannot be
1 8 3 fixed adj fɪkst
changed
The classes begin and end at fixed times.
He came into the room at the exact moment I
1 8 3 exact adj ɪgˈzækt precise (e.g. amount or time)
mentioned his name.
It's an online magazine for ex-students of the
1 8 6 ex-students prefix ˈeks-stjuːdənts past pupils of a school, college, university etc
University.
to be excited and pleased about something that
1 8 6 look forward to phrasal v lʊk ˈfɔːwəd tuː
is going to happen
I'm really looking forward to our holiday.
used to say that something happens or is true
Despite all our efforts to save the school, the
1 9 2 despite prep dɪˈspaɪt even though something else might have
authorities decided to close it.
prevented it
used to introduce a statement that makes your Although it was raining, they still went to the
1 9 2 although conjunction ɔːlˈðəʊ
main statement seem surprising or unlikely beach.
used when you are adding a fact or piece of
This is a cheap and simple process.
1 9 2 however adv haʊˈevə information that seems surprising, or seems
However, there are dangers.
very different from what you have just said
feeling or showing a lot of interest and All the staff are enthusiastic about the
1 9 2 enthusiastic adj ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk
excitement about something project.
wanting to do something or wanting something
1 9 2 keen adj kiːn
to happen very much
He told me that he was keen to help.
very keen and excited about something that is
I was eager to get back to work as soon as
1 9 2 eager adj ˈɪːgə going to happen or about something you want
possible.
to do
happy, interested, or hopeful because Maria's getting very excited about the
1 9 2 excited adj ɪkˈsaɪtəd
something good has happened or will happen wedding.
if things are apart, they are not close to each They have offices in countries as far apart as
1 9 2 apart adj əˈpɑːt
other or touching each other India and Peru.
needing someone or something in order to Jan's mother is dependent on her for physical
1 9 3 dependent adj dɪˈpendənt
exist, be successful, be healthy etc care.
the ability of computers and other electronic
There is a growing demand for high-speed
1 9 4 connectivity n ˌkɒnekˈtɪvəti equipment to connect with other computers or
connectivity.
programs
The downside of the book is that it is written
1 9 4 downside n ˈdaunsaɪd the negative part or disadvantage of something
in a rather boring style.
2
Uni Part of
t Speech
someone who is trained in the study of the Psychologists have identified a condition
1 9 4 psychologist n saɪˈkɒlədʒəst
mind and how it influences people's behaviour known as ‘NoMoPhobia'.
an illness or health problem that affects you
1 9 4 condition n kənˈdɪʃən
permanently or for a very long time
She has a serious heart condition.
a scientific test done to find out how something
They are doing experiments to find out more
1 9 4 experiment n ɪkˈsperəmənt reacts under certain conditions, or to find out if
about the effect of alcohol on the brain.
a particular idea is true
a particular length of time with a beginning and Tomorrow's weather will be dry with sunny
1 9 4 period n ˈpɪəriəd
an end periods.
the fact of no longer having something, or of
1 9 4 loss n lɒs having less of it than you used to have, or the Jenny has lost her mobile phone.
process by which this happens
a sudden strong feeling of fear or nervousness
1 9 4 panic attack n ˈpænɪk that makes you unable to think clearly or She suffers from terrible panic attacks.
behave sensibly
something which you imagine you can see or
The patients suffered hallucinations caused
1 9 4 hallucinations n həˌluːsəˈneɪʃɛn hear, but which is not really there, or the
by the drug.
experience of this
not living with your husband, wife, or partner
1 9 5 separated adj ˈsepəreɪtəd
anymore
We've been separated for six months.
if something divides, or if you divide it, it
1 9 5 divided v dəˈvaɪd
separates into two or more parts
The book is divided into six sections.
to take something away from, out of, or off the Reference books may not be removed from
1 9 5 removed v rɪˈmuːv
place where it is the library.
if something results from something else, it is We are still dealing with problems that
1 9 5 result v rɪˈzʌlt
caused by it resulted from errors made in the past.
a small, useful, and cleverly-designed machine I've just bought a new gadget for sharpening
1 9 6 gadget n ˈgædʒət
or tool knives.
They very kindly shared their knowledge with
1 10 1 share v ʃeə to have or use something with other people
the young people.
to go around a place with someone when they
1 10 1 show round phrasal v ˈʃəʊ raʊnd first arrive there, to show them what is Harrison showed her around the house.
interesting, useful etc
a drawing of a particular area, for example a
1 10 1 map n mæp city or country, which shows its main features, According to the map we should turn left.
such as its roads, rivers, mountains etc
a book or piece of writing that provides The guide book gives you all the historical
1 10 1 guide book n ˈgaɪd bʊk
information on a particular subject or location facts about the castle.
3
Uni Part of
t Speech
someone who greets people politely as they
Greeters are local people who volunteer to
1 10 2 greeter n ˈgriːtə enter a place, especially someone who does
show visitors around their town or area.
this as a job
related to the ability of a product or business to Gibbons failed to see the commercial value
1 10 2 commercial adj kəˈmɜːʃəl
make a profit of his discovery.
a journey for pleasure, during which you visit
1 10 2 tour n tʊə
several different towns, areas etc
We met on a coach tour in Italy.
someone who does a job willingly without being I need some volunteers to help with the
1 10 3 volunteer n ˌvɒlənˈtɪə
paid washing-up.
to get information, after trying to discover it or Did you find out whether there are any seats
1 10 3 find out phrasal v ˈfaɪnd aʊt
by chance left?
1 10 3 similar adj ˈsɪmələ almost the same We have similar tastes in music.
to put two people or things together that are
Then the organisation matches you with a
1 10 3 match with v ˈmætʃ wɪð similar to or somehow connected with each
suitable volunteer
other
having the right qualities for a particular person,
1 10 3 suitable adj ˈsuːtəbəl We are hoping to find a suitable school.
purpose, or situation
relating to the particular area you live in, or the The students would rather go to a dance hall
1 10 3 local adj ˈləʊkəl
area you are talking about where the local people go.
He ran three marathons in three different
1 10 3 continent n ˈkɒntənənt mass of land surrounded by sea
continents in one week.
in the beginning, before other things happened
1 10 3 originally adv əˈrɪdʒɪnəli The family originally came from France.
or before things changed
the information, skills, and understanding that
He did not have much knowledge of
1 10 3 knowledge n ˈnɒlɪdʒ you have gained through learning or
American history.
experience
He wants to find someone who knew his
to go to live in a new place and stay there for a
1 10 3 settle v ˈsetl
long time
great-uncle who settled in Melbourne 70
years ago.
to meet someone who you know, when you
1 10 3 bump into phrasal v ˈbʌmp ˈɪntuː I bumped into Jean in town.
were not expecting to
believing that good things will happen in the
1 10 3 optimistic adj ˌɒptəmɪstɪk He is optimistic about his exam results.
future
being part of the traditions of a country or group
1 10 3 traditional adj trəˈdɪʃənəl My mother cooks traditional Italian food.
of people
an indoor game played on a specially designed
1 10 3 board game n ˈbɔːd geɪm My favourite board game is Scrabble.
board made of thick card or wood
having stopped working, usually because of
1 10 3 retired adj rɪˈtaɪəd Both my parents are retired now.
your age
4
Uni Part of
t Speech
They want to see some of the buildings that
1 10 3 architect n ˈɑːkətekt someone whose job is to design buildings were designed by French architects a century
ago.
1 10 3 extraordinary adj ɪkˈstrɔːdənəri very unusual or surprising It looks an extraordinary amount of work.
a fast dance from South America, or a piece of
1 10 3 tango n ˈtængəʊ Both Sylvie and Stéphane are keen on tango.
music for this dance
someone who like a particular sport or
1 10 3 fan n fæn performing art very much, or admires a famous He's big fan of Elvis Presley.
person
to meet someone in order to do something I've got to go now, but I'll meet up with you
1 10 3 meet up with phrasal v ˈmiːt p wɪð
together later.
if something is close to home you are directly The riots were happening closer to home
1 10 3 closer to home adj ˈkləʊsə tə həʊm
affected by it than we expected.
She is about to set off on a tour of
1 10 3 set off phrasal v ˈset ɒf to start to go somewhere
Hampstead and Highgate.
In the afternoon, you'll have a chance to relax
1 10 3 sights n saɪts famous or interesting places that tourists visit
or see the sights.
Carmen Mascaro works as a psychiatrist so
a doctor trained in the treatment of mental
1 10 3 psychiatrist n saɪˈkaɪətrəst
illness
they are going on a special visit to Sigmund
Freud’s home and its fascinating museum.
Highgate Cemetery is the resting place of
1 10 3 resting place v ˈrestɪŋ pleɪs the place where someone is buried
many famous people.
a piece of land, often belonging to a church, in She used to visit her mother's grave in the
1 10 3 cemetery n ˈsemətri
which dead people are buried local cemetery every week.
made, done, seen etc on the internet or on a The website allows you take a virtual tour of
1 10 3 virtual adj ˈvɜːtʃuəl
computer, rather than in the real world the art gallery.
to stop doing something, especially something She gave up her job and started writing
1 10 3 give up phrasal v ˈgɪv ʌp
you do regularly poetry.
an amount of money that has been or must be
1 10 3 payment n ˈpeɪmənt You can make a payment in any bank.
paid
ideas or hopes that are not reasonable or It is unrealistic to expect these changes to
1 10 3 unrealistic adj ˌʌnrɪəˈlɪstɪk
sensible happen overnight.
having the usual features or qualities of a The advertisement is a typical example of
1 11 3 typical adj ˈtɪpɪkəl
particular group or thing their marketing strategy.
the place that someone or something is going
1 11 3 destination n ˌdestəˈneɪʃən Allow plenty of time to get to your destination.
to
the way some things happened without being I bumped into her quite by chance in Oxford
1 11 5 by chance n baɪ ˈtʃɑːns
planned or caused by people Street.
5
Uni Part of
t Speech
to arrive at a place, especially in a way that is
1 11 5 turn up phrasal v ˈtɜːn ʌp
unexpected
You can’t just turn up and expect a meal.
to let someone get into your car, boat etc and
1 11 5 pick up phrasal v ˈpɪk ʌp
take them somewhere
I'll pick you up at the station.
arriving, happening, or being done at exactly
1 11 6 punctual adj ˈpʌnktʃuəl
the time that has been arranged
She's always punctual for appointments.
Carroll appeared in a number of musicals on
1 12 3 musical n ˈmjuːzɪkəl a play or film that includes singing and dancing
Broadway,
relating to a job that needs special education What professional qualifications does he
1 12 3 professional adj prəˈfeʃənəl
and training have?
a particular place, especially in relation to other
1 12 3 location n ləuˈkeɪʃən
areas, buildings etc
His apartment is in a really good location.
used at the end of a letter before you sign your
1 12 3 best wishes n best ˈwɪʃəs
name
With best wishes, Celia.
to think that something will happen because it
1 12 4 expect v ɪkˈspekt
seems likely or has been planned
I got back later than expected.
If you can’t stand someone or something, you
1 12 4 can't stand v kəˈmɜːʃəl
do not like someone or something at all
I can't stand that man, he's so rude.
a large building where people can see famous There is an exhibition of African art at the
1 12 6 galleries n ˈkɑːnt stænd
pieces of art Hayward Gallery.
the beliefs, way of life, art, and customs that
In our culture, it is rude to ask someone how
1 12 6 culture n kʌltʃə are shared and accepted by people in a
much they earn.
particular society
at the last He cancelled his trip to England at the last
1 12 6
minute
n phrase æt θe ˈlɑːst ˈmɪnət the last possible time, just before it is too late
minute.
1 13 2 weigh v weɪ to have a particular weight How much do you weigh?
1 13 4 situated adj ˈsɪtʃueɪtəd to be in a particular place or position The house is situated near the college.
1 13 4 coast n kəʊst the area where the land meets the sea We drove along the Pacific coast to Seattle.
a boat that carries people or goods across a We caught the cross-channel ferry at
1 13 4 ferries n ˈferi
river or a narrow area of water Portsmouth.
take advantage if you take advantage of somebody you treat Don’t lend them the car - they're taking
1 13 4 n ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ
of someone unfairly in order to get what you want advantage of you.
a chance to do something or an occasion when I'd like to take this opportunity to thank you
1 13 4 opportunity n ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti
it is easy for you to do something all.
used to emphasize the way you are describing
1 13 4 truly adv ˈtruːli His work is truly original.
something is really true
to be more important or valuable than The benefits of the scheme outweigh the
1 13 4 outweigh vs. aʊtˈweɪ
something else disadvantages.
6
Uni Part of
t Speech
You must write a formal letter of complaint to
1 14 1 formal adj fɔːməl made or done officially or publicly
them.
The new arts centre will serve the whole
1 14 2 community n kəˈmjuːnəti the people who live in the same area, town etc
community.
from or relating to a country that is not your
1 14 2 foreign adj ˈfɒrən
own
Can you speak any foreign languages?
information that helps to complete what you Full details of the incident were recently
1 14 2 details n ˈditeɪlz
know about something revealed.
used to emphasise that you are only giving
1 14 2 personally adv ˈpɜːsənəli
your own opinion about something
I personally think it's too cold to go out.
hugs and kisses or love and kisses are used at
1 14 4 hugs and kisses n kɪs
the end of a letter to a close friend
Hugs and kisses from us all.
used when sending your good wishes to
1 14 4 regards n rɪˈgɑːdz someone or when ending a short letter or Hope to see you soon, Regards, Chris.
message
having happened or existed before the event, I've met him before on two previous
1 14 5 previous adj ˈpriːviəs
time, or thing that you are talking about now occasions.
to advise someone to do something, especially
I recommend that you get some professional
1 14 2 recommend v ˌrekəˈmend because you have special knowledge of a
advice.
situation or subject
a group of people who have been chosen to Our success lies in working together as a
1 14 2 team n tiːm
work together to do a particular job team.
a day when you do not go to work, school etc
On my days off, you'll probably find me in my
1 14 2 day off n deɪ ˈɒf because you have a holiday or because you
back garden.
are sick
someone who is sociable is friendly and enjoys He is an extremely pleasant and sociable
1 14 3 sociable adj ˈsəʊʃəbəl
being with other people man.
if something or someone sounds good, bad,
1 14 3 sounds v saʊnd strange etc, that is how they seem to you when Istanbul sounds really exciting.
you hear about them or read about them
to express an opinion about someone or
1 14 5 comment v ˈkɒmənt
something
People were always commenting on his size.
a second if you give someone a second chance it means The interview went badly, so I didn’t think
2 16 1
chance
n ˈsekənd tʃɑːns
they have another opportunity they would give me a second chance.
make a first to leave someone with an opinion or feeling Think about what sort of impression you want
2 16 1
impression
n phrase meɪk ən ɪmˈpreʃən
about you because of the way you seem to make.
if you notice something or someone, you
He noticed a woman in a black dress sitting
2 16 1 notice v ˈnəʊtəs realise that they exist, especially because you
across from him.
can see, hear, or feel them
7
Uni Part of
t Speech
if you are amused by something, you think it is
2 16 3 amused adj əˈmjuːzd
funny and you smile or laugh
Ellen seemed by the whole situation.
2 16 3 annoyed adj əˈnɔɪd slightly angry I'll be annoyed if we don't finish by eight.
unable to understand or think clearly about I'm totally confused. Could you explain that
2 16 3 confused adj kənˈfjuːzd
what someone is saying or what is happening again?
2 16 3 exhausted adj ɪgˈzɔːstəd extremely tired You look absolutely exhausted.
2 16 3 scared adj skeəd frightened or nervous about something I've always been scared of dogs.
unhappy and worried because something She was deeply upset about the way her
2 16 3 upset adj ˌʌpˈset
unpleasant or disappointing has happened father treated her.
tired and impatient because you do not think
2 16 3 bored adj bɔːd something is interesting, or because you have After a while, I got bored and left.
nothing to do
He looked surprised to see Cassie standing
2 16 3 surprised adj səˈpraɪzd having a feeling of surprise
by the front door.
strong human feeling such as love, hate, or
2 17 8 emotions n ɪˈməʊʃən She was good at hiding her emotions.
anger
a way in which two things or ideas are related There are a number of links between the two
2 17 7 link n lɪŋk
to each other theories.
worried or frightened about something, and She was so nervous about her exams that
2 17 10 nervous adj ˈnɜːvəs
unable to relax she couldn't sleep.
a series of actions to advertise specific
advertising ˈædvətaɪtɪŋ ˌkæm The company are running a major advertising
2 18 1 n products or activities on television, in
campaign ˈpeɪn campaign to launch the new product.
newspapers etc
a business that provides a particular service for We are using a new advertising agency to
2 18 4 agency n ˈeɪdʒənsi
people or organisations help us launch the new product.
not considered to be modern or fashionable
2 18 1 old-fashioned adj ˌəʊld ˈfæʃənd She wears really old-fashioned clothes.
any more
a picture that you have in your mind, especially
The company's image is old-fashioned now
2 18 1 image n ˈɪmɪdʒ about what someone or something is like or the
and should be updated.
way they look
something that is grown or made in a factory in The London factory assembles the finished
2 18 1 product n ˈprɒdʌkt
large quantities, usually in order to be sold product.
if you make a joke about something, you treat
make jokes meɪk ˈdʒəʊks
2 18 2 n phrase something serious as if it was intended to be People used to make jokes about the cars.
about əbaʊt
funny
a quantity of something such as time, money, They spend enormous amounts of money
2 19 2 amount n əˈmaʊnt
or a substance buying modern art.
8
Uni Part of
t Speech
an area of a town or the countryside, especially Her house is in a particularly pleasant
2 19 2 district n ˈdɪstrɪkt
one with particular features suburban district.
He spent an enormous amount of money on
2 19 2 enormous adj ɪˈnɔːməs very big in size or in amount
his new house.
The project has benefited enormously from
2 19 2 enormously adv ɪˈnɔːməsli very or very much
Jan's knowledge.
It was a wonderful film, but not exactly a
2 19 2 financial adj fəˈnænʃəl relating to money or the management of money
financial success.
having happened or started only in the past few
2 19 1 in recent years adj ɪn ˈriːsənt jɪəz The situation has improved in recent years.
years
I couldn’t
if you can’t believe your eyes, you are very When I returned home, I couldn’t believe my
2 19 2 believe my v phrase bəˈliːv
surprised by something you see or hear eyes. Everything had changed so much.
eyes.
in my opinion is used when saying what your
2 19 2 In my opinion n phrase ɪn ˈmaɪ əˌpɪnjən In my opinion, the law should be changed.
ideas or beliefs about a particular subject are
if a house, room etc overlooks something, it
2 19 2 overlooks v ˌəʊvəˈlʊk Our room overlooks the ocean.
has a view of it, usually from above
a residential part of town consists of private
2 19 2 residential adj ˌrezəˈdenʃəl We live in a quiet residential area.
houses, with no offices or factories
2 19 2 top adj tɒp very good London is a top place to live these days.
a tall narrow building either built on its own or They’ve built some amazing towers, like
2 19 2 towers n ˈtaʊə
forming part of another building those in Canary Wharf
A new block of flats has been built on the site
2 19 7 block n blɒk large building divided into separate parts
of the old supermarket.
a large board, for example in a classroom,
interactive ˌɪnteræktɪv which is connected to a computer so that There are interactive whiteboards in every
2 19 7 n
whiteboard ˈwaitbɔːd information from the computer can be shown classroom.
on it and controlled by touching the board
They want to knock the house down and
2 19 7 knock down phrasal v nɒk to destroy a building or part of a building
rebuild it.
Boobies hunt by diving into the sea from a
2 20 1 booby n ˈbuːbi a type of tropical sea bird
great height.
anything that is living, such as an animal, fish, Goats in the Galapagos islands have been a
2 20 1 creature n ˈkriːtʃə
or insect, but not a plant threat to the other creatures that live there.
extremely big, and much bigger than other The Galapagos islands were famous for the
2 20 1 giant adj dʒaɪənt
things of the same type giant tortoise.
9
Uni Part of
t Speech
an animal that has horns on top of its head and
long hair under its chin, and can climb steep When men arrived they deliberately put goats
2 20 1 goat n gəʊt
hills and rocks. Goats live wild in the on the islands to provide meat.
mountains or are kept as farm animals.
2 20 1 island n ˈaɪlənd a piece of land completely surrounded by water No cars are allowed on the island.
a marine iguana is a type of large tropical Marine iguanas can only be found on the
2 20 1 marine iguana n ˈmərˈine ˌɪgwɑːnə
American lizard that lives on land and water Galapagos Islands.
a small flying insect that sucks the blood of
2 20 1 mosquitoes n məˈskiːtəʊ people and animals, sometimes spreading the There were a lot of mosquitoes on the island.
disease malaria
give someone or something the same name as
2 20 1 named after v neɪmd ˈɑːftə He was named after his father.
another person or thing
Sir David Attenborough is, without a doubt,
someone who speaks on radio or television
2 20 2 broadcaster n ˈbrɔːdkɑːstə Britain’s most famous TV naturalist and
programmes
broadcaster.
Sir David Attenborough is, without a doubt,
2 20 2 naturalist n ˈnætʃərələst someone who studies plants or animals
Britain’s most famous TV naturalist.
to continue over a period of time or in a series, Berg's career as a government official
2 20 2 stretched v stretʃ
or to make something do this stretched over 20 years.
if an animal feeds on a particular food, it
2 20 4 feed on phrasal v ˈfiːd ɒn Owls feed on mice and other small animals.
usually eats that food
to spoil or ruin something, especially something
2 20 4 mess up phrasal v ˈmes ʌp important or something that has been carefully She felt she'd messed up her whole life.
planned
a very large round object in space that moves
2 20 4 planet n ˈplænət Mercury is the smallest of all the planets.
around the Sun or another star
Western European seamen didn’t know
someone who has a lot of experience of ships
2 20 4 seaman n ˈsiːmən about the islands earlier because they are in
and the sea
the middle of nowhere.
The only vegetation they could find was
2 20 4 seaweed n ˈsiːwiːd a plant that grows in the sea
seaweed.
to divide or split into different parts, or to make
2 20 4 separated v ˈsepəreɪt They can be separated into two groups.
something do this
the middle of in ðə ˈmɪdl əv if something is in the middle of nowhere, it is a They live miles away, in the middle of
2 20 4 n phrase
nowhere ˌnəʊweə long way from the nearest big town nowhere.
They mainly sleep on boats, so the
2 20 4 track v træk to follow the movements of an aircraft or ship organisers can track where they are and plan
to keep them separated.
10
Uni Part of
t Speech
Lefkas has an abundance of lush green
2 20 4 vegetation n ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃən plants in general
vegetation.
2 20 4 whole adj həʊl all of something You have your whole life ahead of you!
if something is without a doubt then there is a I knew without a doubt that I was going to win
2 20 2 without a doubt n daʊt
feeling of absolute certainty the competition.
an active volcano is likely to explode at any The volcano became active last year with a
2 21 5 active adj ˈæktɪv
time series of eruptions.
the authorities are the people or organisations
The authorities are doing their best to protect
2 21 5 authority n ɔːˈθɒrəti that are in charge of a particular country or
the environment
area
the conditions that affect a situation, action, Different circumstances produce different
2 21 5 circumstance n ˈsɜːkəmstæns
event etc results.
the protection of natural things such as
The charity is concerned with the
2 21 5 conservation n ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃən animals, plants, forests etc, to prevent them
conservation of elephants.
from being spoiled or destroyed
The Galapagos consist of a dozen big islands
2 21 5 consist of phrasal v kənˈsɪst əv to be formed from two or more things or people
and many smaller ones.
the part of an object that is furthest from the Put the eggs in the centre of the dish, with
2 21 5 edges n edʒ
centre the vegetables and herbs around the edge.
2 21 5 effect n ɪˈfekt a change that is caused by an event, action etc I could feel the effects of the mountain air.
if you get rid of something, you throw away or
2 21 5 get rid of adj get ˈrɪd əv It's time we got rid of all these old toys.
destroy something you do not want any more
have the if you have the impression, you believe that They have the impression that they are the
2 21 5 n hæv ði ɪmˈpreʃən
impression something is true when it is not only ones in a particular place.
an isolated building, village etc is far away from
2 21 5 isolated adj ˈaɪsəleɪtəd Not many people visit this isolated spot.
any others
connected with the way plants, animals, and
The islands remained isolated ecologically
2 21 5 ecologically adv ˌIːkəˈlɒdzɪkəli people are related to each other and to their
until quite recently.
environment
to stop an amount or number from increasing The government made a decision to limit
2 21 5 limit v ˈlɪmɪt
beyond a particular point imports of foreign cars.
a mixed blessing is a situation that has both Having children so early in their marriage
2 21 5 mixed blessing n ˈblesɪŋ
good and bad parts was a mixed blessing.
molten metal or rock has been made into a
These are where molten rocks come to the
2 21 5 molten adj ˈməʊltən liquid by being heated to a very high
surface and form volcanoes.
temperature
something that you decide to do in order to
2 21 5 move n muːv She's still thinking about her next move.
achieve something
11
Uni Part of
t Speech
the process by which only plants and animals
that are naturally suitable for life in their The Galapagos are an example of the theory
2 21 5 natural selection n ˌnætʃərəl səˈlekʃən
environment will continue to live and breed, of natural selection.
while others will die out
a necessary evil is something bad or
2 21 5 necessary evil adj ˈnesəseri ˌiːvəl unpleasant that you have to accept in order to Mr Hurst regarded work as a necessary evil.
achieve what you want
to give something to someone or make it
2 21 5 provide v prəˈvaɪd available to them, because they need it or want Tea and biscuits will be provided.
it
if two things relate, they are connected in some
2 21 5 relate v rɪˈleɪt I don’t understand how the two ideas relate.
way
someone who goes to live in a country or area
where not many people like them have lived My great, great grandfather was one of the
2 21 5 settler n ˈsettlə
before, and that is a long way from any towns early settlers in East Africa.
or cities
Gas bubbles in any liquid tend to rise to the
2 21 5 surface n ˈsɜːfəs top layer of an area of water or land
surface.
If you take steps, you do a series of things in The president took immediate steps to stop
2 21 5 taken steps n step
order to deal with a problem or to succeed the fighting.
The Galapagos Islands lie on one of those
the large sheets of rock that form the surface of
2 21 5 tectonic plate n ˌpleɪt tekˈtɒnɪks great lines of weakness below the oceans of
the Earth
the world, the edges of tectonic plates.
an idea or set of ideas that is intended to
explain something about life or the world, Everyone has heard of Darwin's theory of
2 21 5 theory n ˈθɪəri
especially an idea that has not yet been proved evolution.
to be true
a mountain with a large hole at the top, through Pompeii was destroyed when the volcano
2 21 5 volcanoes n vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ
which lava is sometimes forced out erupted in 79 AD.
a fault in someone's character or in a system,
2 21 5 weakness n ˈwiːknəs The plan has strengths and weaknesses.
organisation, design etc
the number of years someone has lived or Experts disagree over the age of the
2 21 5 age n eɪdʒ
something has existed drawings.
something that makes you notice remember, or Occasional bursts of gunfire are a reminder
2 21 5 reminder n rɪˈ,aɪndə
think about something that the rebels are still active.
2 21 5 deliberately adv dɪˈlɪbərətli done in a way that is intended or planned He deliberately upset her.
a telephone connection that uses wires, as I'll be at home, so you can call me on the
2 22 6 landlines n ˈlændlaɪn
opposed to a mobile phone landline.
12
Uni Part of
t Speech
if you look up information in a book, on a
2 22 2 look up phrasal v ˈlʊk ʌp I'll just look up the train times.
computer etc, you try to find it there
It took me ages to get home last night
2 22 2 take ages n teɪk ˈeɪdʒəz if something takes ages, it takes a long time
because the car broke down.
a group of several things that are put on top of
2 22 6 pile n paɪl There was a pile of magazines on the table.
each other
a small piece of paper that you buy and stick
2 22 6 stamp n stæmp Richard collects stamps.
onto an envelope or package before posting it
2 22 2 tons of n tʌnz a lot of I get tons of homework every night.
a change, discovery, or invention that brings This is one of the great technological
2 22/23 7 advance n ədˈvɑːns
progress advances of the 20th century.
a society that is well organised and developed,
The book explores the relationship between
2 22/23 7 civilisation n ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃən used especially about a particular society in a
religion and civilisation.
particular place or at a particular time
an uninhabited place does not have anyone Some people would like to live on an
2 22/23 7 uninhabited adj ˌʌnɪnˈhæbətəd
living there uninhabited island.
if someone is efficient, they work well without
2 22/23 7 efficient adj ɪˈfɪʃənt Lighting is now more energy efficient.
wasting time, money, or energy
To me a home in the country is a gateway to
2 22/23 7 gateway n ˈgeɪtweɪ the way of achieving something
happiness.
2 22/23 7 global adj ˈgləʊbəl effecting or including the whole world We are taking a global view of our business.
a terrible event in which there is a lot of The Black Sea is facing ecological
2 22/23 7 catastrophe n kɛˈtæstrəfi
destruction, suffering, or death catastrophe as a result of pollution.
to make something strong and successful The first priority is to rebuild the area's
2 22/23 7 rebuilding v riːˈbɪld
again manufacturing industry.
a description of interesting or exciting things
She often tells tales about her life before she
2 22/23 7 tale n teɪl that happened to someone, often one which is
arrived in England.
not completely true about every detail
the part of a country's military forces that fights
2 23 6 navy n ˈneɪvi Is your brother still in the navy?
at sea
approved of or done by someone in authority,
2 23 6 official adj əˈfɪʃəl You will have to get official permission first.
especially the government
the official leader of a country that does not
2 23 6 president n ˈprezədənt The president of America is Obama.
have a king or queen
an amount of money that you must pay to the
government according to your income,
2 23 6 tax n tæks He already pays 40% tax on his income.
property, goods etc and that is used to pay for
public services
13
Uni Part of
t Speech
a piece of equipment, especially electrical
There's plenty of space for all the usual
2 24 2 appliance n əˈplaɪəns equipment, such as a cooker or washing
kitchen appliances.
machine, used in people's homes
something that you feel or do because of
2 24 7 reaction to n riˈækʃən What was Jeff's reaction to your news?
something that has happened or been said
to form a picture in your mind about what Imagine that you have just won a million
2 24 5 imagine v ɪˈmædʒən
something could be like pounds.
used to say that something is likely to happen,
2 24 5 probably adv ˈprɒbəbli It will probably take about a week.
likely to be true etc
3 26 1 bake v beɪk to cook something using dry heat, in an oven I'm baking some bread.
a smooth thick liquid that is used to make
You should change the oil in your car once a
3 26 1 oil n ɔɪl machines run easily or is burned to produce
year.
heat
an organisation that gives money, goods, or
3 26 1 charity n ˈtʃærəti Several charities sent aid to the flood victims.
help to people who are poor, sick etc
a public entertainment or performance to They attended a wonderful charity gala
3 26 1 gala n ˈgɑːlə
celebrate a special occasion evening at the Savoy Hotel.
to make sure that something is actually true,
3 26 1 check out phrasal v ˈtʃek aʊt I made a phone call to check out his address.
correct, or acceptable
3 26 1 beat n biːt a regular repeated noise She moved her feet to the Cuban beat.
You need to cut the amount of fat and sugar
3 26 1 cut v kʌt to reduce the amount of something
in your diet.
to amuse or interest people in a way that gives She entertained the children with stories,
3 26 1 entertaining v ˌentəˈteɪn
them pleasure songs and drama.
3 26 1 former adj ˈfɔːmə having a particular position in the past My former husband now lives in Australia.
3 26 1 further adj ˈfɜːðə more or additional For further details please contact Mr Jones.
have the time of hæv ðə ˈtaɪm əv jə if you have the time of your life, you enjoy Julie went to a wedding at the weekend and had
3 26 1 n phrase
your life! ˌlaɪf yourself very much the time of her life.
the most important and necessary facts about
Here are some of the basics you will need to
3 26 1 learn the basics n phrase lɜːn ðə ˈbeɪsɪks something, from which other possibilities and
know.
ideas may develop
a belief, custom, or way of doing something
By tradition, it’s the bride's parents who pay
3 26 1 tradition n trəˈdɪʃən that has existed for a long time, or these
for the wedding.
beliefs, customs etc in general
if you lose yourself in something, you are
She listened intently to the music, losing
3 26 1 lose yourself v ˈluːz jɔːˈself paying so much attention to something that you
herself in its beauty.
do not notice anything else
14
Uni Part of
t Speech
a piece of popular music that forms part of a Madonna sang several numbers from her
3 26 1 number n ˈnʌmbə
longer performance latest album.
She had a cappuccino and a Danish pastry at
3 26 1 pastry n ˈpeɪstriz a small sweet cake, made using pastry
the café.
3 26 1 pretty adv ˈprɪti fairly or more than a little I'm pretty sure he'll say yes.
something that you do to fix a thing that is His job is to make minor repairs on all the
3 26 1 repair n riˈpeə
damaged, broken, or not working machines.
a written list showing how much you have to
3 26 1 bill n bɪl pay for services you have received, work that The repair bills came to more than £1000.
has been done etc
semi-precious a semi-precious jewel or stone is valuable, but You can learn how to make jewellery from
3 26 1 adj ˌsemɪˈpreʃəs
stone not as valuable as a diamond, ruby etc semi-precious stones.
a valuable shiny, light grey metal that is used to
3 26 1 silver n ˈsɪlvə make jewellery, knives, coins etc. It is a The cup he won was made of solid silver.
chemical element: symbol Ag
a place on the internet where you can find
For more information on weight loss and
3 26 1 website n ˈwebsaɪt information about something, especially a
healthy eating, visit our website.
particular organisation
the art or process of making a drawing of
3 26 1 design n dɪˈzaɪn something to show how you will make it or what He is studying website design at college.
it will look like
existing only as an idea or quality rather than
3 28 2 abstract adj ˈæbstrækt Happiness is an abstract noun.
as something real that you can see or touch
He hated the school and everything it
3 27 3 represents v ˌreprɪˈzent to be a sign, mark or symbol of something
represented.
your ideas about what is right and wrong, or
3 27 3 values n ˈvæljuː It represents values that I admire.
what is important in life
if you have a fair amount of something, you
3 27 4 a fair amount adj feə He knows a fair amount about cars.
have quite a large amount
if you are addicted to something, you like it so
3 27 4 addicted adj əˈdɪktəd much that you do not want to stop doing it or She is addicted to making cakes.
having it
if you are hooked on something, you enjoy it
3 27 4 hooked on adj hʊkt very much and you want to do it as much as I got hooked on TV when I was sick.
possible
admired by many people and having a value The rock star has a huge collection of classic
3 27 4 classic adj ˈklæsɪk
that has continued for a long time cars.
15
Uni Part of
t Speech
used at the end of a sentence to emphasise
I don’t have a reason. I just don't want to go,
3 27 4 full stop interjection ˌfʊl ˈstɒp that you do not want to say any more about a
full stop.
subject
a course of study at a university or college, or
She got her degree from Cambridge
3 27 4 degree n dɪˈgri the qualification that is given to you when you
University.
have successfully completed the course
in reality is used to say that something is In reality, violent crimes are still extremely
3 27 4 in reality n ɪn riˈæləti
different from what people think rare.
A lot of youngsters are interested in looking
3 27 4 looking after phrasal v ˈlʊk ˌɑːftə to be responsible for dealing with something
after their own cars.
the repairs, painting etc that are necessary to The caretaker is responsible for the
3 27 4 maintenance n ˈmeɪntənəns
keep something in good condition maintenance of the school buildings.
someone who is skilled at repairing motor You should get a mechanic to look at your
3 27 4 mechanic n mɪˈkænɪk
vehicles and machinery car.
if you are passionate about something, you like
3 27 4 passionate adj ˈpæʃənət I've always been passionate about football.
it a lot
running a if you run a course, you organise and produce
3 27 4 n kɔːs The course is run by the British Council.
course a course
to move or lift something to a higher position,
3 27 4 raising v reɪz William raised his hat and smiled at her.
place, or level
if you satisfy a need, you do what someone or Education must satisfy the needs of its
3 27 4 satisfy a need v ˈsætəsfaɪ
something needs pupils.
to continue doing something the way you did or
3 27 4 stick with it phrasal v ˈstɪk wɪð Let's stick with the original plan.
planned to do before
a particular type or design of vehicle or Ford are introducing three new models at the
3 27 4 model n ˈmɒdl
machine car show.
the period of time during which someone is
3 27 4 takes a lifetime n ˈlaɪftaɪm It takes a lifetime to acquire these skills.
alive or something exists
3 27 4 tough adj tʌf difficult to do or deal with She's had a tough life.
But not all the youngsters want a career in
3 27 4 youngster n ˈjʌŋstə a child or young person
the arts.
3 27 4 tutor n ˈtjuːtə a teacher in a British university or college She was my tutor at Oxford.
She always goes clubbing when she's in New
3 27 8 clubbing n ˈklʌbɪŋ the activity of going to nightclubs
York.
a word game in which you write the answers to
3 27 8 crossword n ˈkrɒswɜːd I like to sit down and do the crossword.
questions in a pattern of numbered boxes
a Japanese sport or method of defence, in
3 27 8 judo n ˈdʒuːdəʊ which you try to throw your opponent onto the He goes to judo classes three times a week.
ground
16
Uni Part of
t Speech
the activity of using a short board with two
3 27 8 skateboarding n ˈskeɪtbɔːdɪŋ small wheels at each end, which you can stand My little brother loves skateboarding.
on and ride for fun or as a sport
work that you do to take care of a house, for
3 27 8 housework n ˈhaʊswɜːk I don’t like doing housework.
example washing, cleaning etc
work that is done by people who do it because She does a lot of voluntary work for the Red
3 27 8 voluntary work adj ˈvɒləntəri
they want to, and who are not paid Cross.
if you are mad about something, you like it very
3 27 9 mad adj mæd He's mad about computer games.
much
someone whose job is to keep and check
3 28 2 accountant n əˈkaʊntənt John's father is an accountant.
financial accounts, calculate taxes etc
a skilled cook, especially the main cook in a
3 28 2 chef n ʃef The chef was busy preparing the food.
hotel or restaurant
annoyed or bored, and wanting something to
3 28 2 fed up adj ˈfed ʌp She felt tired and a bit fed up.
change
for all the hours of a week during which it is
3 28 2 full-time adj ˌfʊlˈtaɪm She works full-time and has two children.
usual for people to work, study etc
the skill or activity of looking after your own The classes aim to teach young men
3 28 2 parenting n ˈpeərəntɪŋ
children parenting skills.
feeling that something is as good as it should
3 28 2 satisfied adj ˈsætəsfaɪd be, or that something has happened in the way They have plenty of satisfied customers.
that you want
a quality that people, places, or things have Millions of dollars are spent each year on
3 28 5 beauty n ˈbjuːti
that makes them very attractive to look at beauty products.
a substance that is not a solid or a gas, for
3 28 5 liquid n ˈlɪkwəd Add a little more liquid to the sauce.
example water or milk
a solid substance such as wood, plastic, or Some animals depend on plant material for
3 28 5 material n məˈtɪəriəl
metal food.
if people interact with each other, they talk to Lucy interacts well with other children in the
3 29 7 interact v ˌɪntərˈækt
each other, work together etc class.
to look after and influence a child until he or
3 30 3 brought up phrasal v ˈbrɪŋ ʌp He was brought up by his grandparents.
she is grown up
one of the pair of bones that go from the I broke my collar bone when I was eleven
3 30 3 collar bone n ˈkɒləbəʊn
bottom part of your neck to your shoulders years old.
a sports competition in which competitors can
3 30 3 freestyle n ˈfriːstaɪl He enjoys freestyle skateboarding.
use any movements they choose
to officially suggest someone or something for Ferraro was the first woman to be nominated
3 30 3 nominated v ˈnɒməneɪt
an important position, duty or prize for the job of vice president.
17
Uni Part of
t Speech
He was performing stunts on the skateboard
3 30 3 performing v pəˈfɔːm to do something especially difficult or useful
at a very early age.
a metal fence that is made of a series of upright He skateboards along railings and jumps off
3 30 3 railing n ˈreɪlɪŋ
bars roofs.
to make a CD, video, film etc available for The new version of the video game will be
3 30 3 released v rɪˈliːs
people to buy or see released next month.
to start doing something or making plans to do They set out with the aim of becoming the
3 30 3 set out phrasal v ˈset aʊt
something in order to achieve a particular result number one team in Europe.
3 30 3 spectacular adj spekˈtækjələ very impressive He performed some spectacular stunts.
a pro-rider is someone who rides a bike
3 30 3 pro-rider n ˌprəʊ ˈraɪdə Danny is a Scottish street trails pro-rider.
professionally
a man who is employed to take the place of an
He worked on a Hollywood film as a
3 30 3 stuntman n ˈstʌntmæn actor when something dangerous has to be
stuntman.
done
a dangerous action that is done to entertain
3 30 3 stunt n stʌnt Not many actors do their own stunts.
people, especially in a film
the activity or sport of riding over the waves on When we were in Hawaii, we went surfing
3 30 3 surfing n ˈsɜːfɪŋ
a special board every day.
3 30 3 thinking up phrasal v ˈθɪŋk ʌp to produce a new idea, name etc by thinking She was trying to think up an excuse.
to learn a skill or language so well that you I never quite mastered the art of walking in
3 31 3 master v ˈmɑːstə
have no difficulty with it high heels.
to become interested in a new activity and to Roger took painting up for a while, but soon
3 31 3 take up phrasal v ˈteɪk ʌp
spend some time doing it lost interest.
if something is worth working for, it is
worth working
3 31 3 prep wɜːθ something that you believe to be interesting, This qualification is worth working for.
for
useful or helpful
a class of his if something is in a class of its own, it is better He has achieved a level of skill that has put
3 31 3 n phrase klɑˌs
very own than everything else him in a class of his very own.
to successfully complete something or get a Frances achieved considerable success as
3 31 3 achieved v əˈtʃiːv
good result, especially by working hard an artist.
to change something to make it suitable for a The car has been adapted to take unleaded
3 31 3 adapted v əˈdæpt
different purpose gas.
someone or something that has won a Usain Bolt is an Olympic champion in three
3 31 3 champion n ˈtʃæmpiən
competition, especially in sport events.
someone who does a type of dancing to
Stella McGowan hasn’t always been a
3 31 3 break dancer n ˈbreɪkˌdɑːmsə popular music that involves a lot of jumping and
champion break dancer.
rolling on the floor
to think of someone or something in a particular
3 31 3 consider v kənˈsɪdə I consider it a life skill.
way or to have a particular opinion
18
Uni Part of
t Speech
to be in a particular situation, state, or place
I wondered where the pictures would end up
3 31 3 ended up phrasal v ˈend ʌp after a series of events, especially when you
after the auction.
did not plan it
3 31 3 grew up phrasal v ˈgrəʊ ʌp to develop from being a child to being an adult I grew up in Chicago.
3 31 3 injured adj ˈɪndʒəd having a wound or damage to part of your body The car accident left him badly injured.
having very exciting special qualities that are
3 31 3 inspired adj ɪŋˈspaɪəd Hew gave an inspired performance.
better than anyone or anything else
if you become involved, you take part in an
became More than 30 software firms were involved in
3 31 3 adj ɪn ˈvɒlvd activity or event, or are connected with it in
involved the project.
some way
3 31 3 overnight adj ˌəʊvəˈnaɪt happening surprisingly quickly The show was an overnight success.
extreme excitement or interest, or someone or
3 31 3 sensation n senˈseɪʃən He became an overnight sensation.
something that causes this
a petty crime is one that is not serious, for
When she left school, she became involved
3 31 3 petty crime adj ˈpeti example stealing things that are not very
in petty crime.
valuable
to take photographs or make a film of
3 31 3 shoot v ʃuːt The movie was shot in New Zealand.
something
3 31 3 unique adj juːˈniːk being the only one of its kind Each person's fingerprints are unique.
3 31 3 kids n kɪd a child He's married with three kids.
a foolish action, remark etc is stupid and shows
3 31 5 foolish adj ˈfuːlɪʃ It would be foolish to ignore his advice.
that someone is not thinking sensibly
3 32 1 scary adj ˈskeəri frightening The book is both scary and funny.
a plastic or rubber tube containing wires that
3 32 2 cable n ˈkeɪbəl carry telephone messages, electronic signals, The office was full of cables.
television pictures etc
a long passage dug into the ground and filled
3 32 2 canal n kəˈnæl with water, either for boats to travel along, or to We walked along by the side of the canal.
take water to a place
the action of bringing an aircraft down to the The pilot guided the plane to a smooth
3 32 2 landing n ˈlændɪŋ
ground after being in the air landing.
a situation in which lot of people become
3 32 2 scare n skeə Have you ever had any landing scares?
frightened about something
a sport in which people jump off tall objects
He discovered base jumping when he was 19
3 32 5 base jumping n ˈbeɪs ˌdʒʌmpɪŋ such as buildings, bridges, or cliffs, using a
years old.
parachute
3 32 5 desire n dɪˈzaɪə a strong hope or wish She expressed a desire to visit us.
19
Uni Part of
t Speech
a board above the edge of a swimming pool He jumped from the highest diving board at
3 32 5 diving board n ˈdaɪvɪŋ bɔːd
which people dive from the swimming pool
an extreme sport is one that is done in a way
Extreme surfers will ride waves that reach
3 32 5 extreme sport adj ɪkˈstriːm that has much more risk and so is more
heights of more than fifty feet.
dangerous than an ordinary form of the sport
if you face or are faced with a difficult situation,
The President faces the difficult task of
3 32 5 face v feɪs or if a difficult situation faces you, it is going to
putting the economy back on its feet.
affect you and you must deal with it
to put something in a situation in which it could He's prepared to risk everything to avoid this
3 32 5 risk v rɪsk
be lost, destroyed, or harmed war.
He was just a toddler when he first dived off
3 32 5 toddler n ˈtɒdlə a very young child who is just learning to walk
the board.
to move smoothly and quietly, as if without
3 32 5 glide v glaɪd Kennedy seemed to glide through life.
effort
a fully-grown person, or one who is considered
3 33 2 adult n ˈædʌlt Some children find it difficult to talk to adults.
to be legally responsible for their actions
Some people still can’t do maths well even
3 33 2 adulthood n ˈædʌlthʊd the time when you are an adult
when they get to adulthood.
someone whose job is to connect or repair We had to get an electrician to fix the
3 33 2 electrician n ɪˌlekˈtrɪʃən
electrical wires or equipment problem.
something that makes your life difficult or
Many students are suffering severe financial
3 33 2 hardship n ˈhɑːdʃɪp unpleasant, especially a lack of money, or the
hardship.
condition of having a difficult life
Alexander Graham Bell invented the
3 33 2 invent n ɪnˈvent to make, design, or think of a new type of thing
telephone in 1876.
to successfully deal with a problem or difficult I'll be glad to get this misunderstanding
3 33 2 sort out phrasal v ˈsɔːt aʊt
situation sorted out.
3 33 2 weak adj wiːk not physically strong The illness left her feeling weak.
the process of doing something, especially in Environmental groups want tougher action on
3 30 3 action n ˈækʃən
order to achieve a particular thing pollution from cars.
3 33 4 annual adj ˈænjuəl happening once a year The school trip became an annual event.
to give someone your love or support in a He has not yet committed to any of the
3 33 4 commit v kəˈmɪt
serious and permanent way candidates.
the hard work and loyalty that someone gives Having children demands a lot of
3 33 4 commitment n kəˈmɪtmənt
to an organisation, activity, person etc commitment from the parents.
to give all your attention and effort to one The actress now dedicates herself to
3 33 4 dedicate v ˈdedəkeɪt
particular thing children's charity work.
to have earned something by good or bad
3 33 4 deserve v dɪˈzɜːv We didn’t deserve to win.
actions or behaviour
20
Uni Part of
t Speech
to make someone feel unhappy because
3 33 4 disappoint v ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt something they hoped for did not happened or I hated to disappoint her.
was not as good as expected
a feeling of being unhappy because someone Polly felt a sharp pang of jealousy when she
3 33 4 jealousy n ˈdʒeləsi
has something you wish you had saw Paul with Suzanne.
if your heart goes out to somebody, you feel
My heart went
3 33 4 n phrase hɑːt sympathy for someone and are thinking about Our hearts go out to the victim's family.
out
them
a single piece of action that happens in one
3 33 4 scene n siːn The film contains some violent scenes.
place in a film, book etc
if you are worry-free, you do not have a
3 33 4 worry-free n ˈwʌri problem that you are anxious about or are not Kids deserve a worry-free childhood.
sure how to deal with
a film, television programme, computer game Disney wanted to fill his studio with artists
3 34 1 animation n ˌænəˈmeɪʃən etc that has pictures, clay models etc that seem capable of more fluid, more realistic
to be really moving animation than had ever been attempted.
a short film that is made by photographing a My favourite cartoon character is Donald
3 34 1 cartoon n kɑːˈtuːn
series of drawings Duck.
a film or a television or radio programme that
A local film crew is making a documentary
3 34 1 documentary n ˌdɒkjəˈmentəri gives detailed information about a particular
about volcanoes.
subject
a play for the theatre, television, radio etc, Downton Abbey is a very successful costume
3 34 1 drama n ˈdrɑːmə
usually a serious one, or plays in general drama.
a story, film etc that is based on imagination The show is a surrealist fantasy set in a
3 34 1 fantasy n ˈfæntəsi
and not facts South American village.
3 34 1 gangster n ˈgæŋstə a member of a violent group of criminals He enjoys movies about gangsters.
a historical drama is a story based on events in Some people enjoy watching historical
3 34 1 historical drama n hɪˈstɒrɪkəl
the past dramas.
a film or television programme in which strange
3 34 1 horror n ˈhɒrə I never watch horror films.
and frightening things happen
relating to feelings of love or a loving
3 34 1 romantic adj rəʊˈmæntɪk His new film is a romantic comedy.
relationship
stories about events in the future which are
affected by imaginary developments in science,
3 34 1 science fiction n ˌsaɪəns ˈfɪkʃən Star Wars is his favourite science fiction film.
for example about travelling in time or to other
planets with life on them
a book or film that tells an exciting story about
3 34 1 thriller n ˈθrɪlə He only reads thrillers.
murder or crime
21
Uni Part of
t Speech
when there is fighting between two or more
countries or between opposing groups within a
3 34 1 war n wɔː He served as a pilot during the war.
country, involving large numbers of soldiers and
weapons
a film or book about life in the 19th century in
3 34 1 western n ˈwestən the American West, especially the lives of John Wayne acted in a lot of westerns.
cowboys
We moved here because there was very little
4 38 1 crime n kraɪm illegal activities in general
crime.
the cases, bags etc that you carry when you
4 38 1 luggage n ˈlʌgɪdʒ They searched his luggage for illegal drugs.
are travelling
4 38 2 haircut n ˈheəkʌt the style your hair is cut in Do you like my new haircut?
I became conscious of someone watching
4 38 3 conscious adj ˈkɒnʃəs noticing or realising something
me.
to die from being under water for too long, or to Many people drowned when the boat
4 38 3 drowning v draʊn
kill someone in this way overturned.
to guess something using as many facts as you Researchers calculated that this group was
4 38 3 calculated v ˈkælkjəleɪt
can find at a higher risk of heart disease.
relating to the health or state or someone's Stress has an effect on both your physical
4 38 3 mental adj ˈmentl
mind and mental health.
He saw her and retreated, too shy to speak
4 38 3 retreated v rɪˈtriːt to move away from someone or something
to her.
4 39 3 appetite n ˈæpətaɪt a desire for food Her husband always had a huge appetite.
a purple brown mark on your skin that you get He suffered minor cuts and bruises when he
3 39 3 bruise n bruːz
because you have fallen, been hit etc fell.
The Komodo dragon is a carnivore with an
4 39 3 carnivore n ˈkɑːnəvɔː an animal that eats flesh
enormous appetite.
when you compare something to something
Compared to our small flat, Bill's house
4 39 3 compared to v kəmˈpeə else, you are considering the size, quality, or
seemed like a palace.
amount of it in relation to something similar
sure that you have the ability to do things well I feel much more confident about myself and
4 39 3 confident adj ˈkɒnfədənt
or deal with situations successfully my abilities these days.
a continuous movement of water in a river, Strong currents can be very dangerous for
4 39 3 current n ˈkʌrənt
lake, or sea swimmers.
4 39 3 delighted adj dɪˈlaɪtəd very pleased and happy Sandy will be delighted to see you.
in a way that shows you are willing to do
4 39 3 desperately adv ˈdespərətli anything to change a very bad situation, and The doctors tried desperately to save her life.
not caring about danger
22
Uni Part of
t Speech
after a long time, or after a lot of things have He eventually escaped and made his way
4 39 3 eventually adv ɪˈventʃuəli
happened back to London.
a substance such as coal, gas, or oil that can
4 39 3 fuel n ˈfjuːəl Coal is one of the cheapest fuels.
be burned to produce heat or energy
to escape from someone who is chasing you or
4 39 3 get away phrasal v ˈget əˌweɪ The three men got away in a stolen car.
trying to catch you
to begin to feel better after a very upsetting
4 39 3 got over phrasal v ˈget ˌəʊvə She never got over the death of her son.
experience
someone who has travelled to a place on Five holidaymakers were looking forward to
4 39 3 holidaymaker n ˈhɒlədiˌmeɪkə
holiday an enjoyable day out.
kəˌməʊdəʊ an extremely large monitor lizard that lives in Another danger was waiting for them – the
4 39 3 Komodo dragon n
ˈdrægən Indonesia Komodo dragon, the world’s largest lizard.
a type of reptile that has four legs and a long The Komodo dragon is the world's largest
4 39 3 lizard n ˈlɪzəd
tail lizard.
a terrible and painful experience that continues He was beginning to wonder if he would
4 39 3 ordeal n ɔːˈdiːl
for a period of time survive the ordeal.
used when saying what bad thing will happen if Put your coat on, otherwise you'll miss your
4 39 3 otherwise adv ˈʌðəwaɪz
something is not done bus.
a place or situation that is extremely pleasant, The hotel felt like paradise after two weeks of
4 39 3 paradise n ˈpærədaɪs
beautiful, or enjoyable camping.
relating to the way that your mind works and
4 39 3 psychological adj ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl What was the patient's psychological state?
the way that this affects your behaviour
The psychological effects will probably
4 39 3 remain v rɪˈmeɪn to continue to be in the same state or condition
remain with them for a long time.
someone who saves you from a difficult or He was seen by many as the saviour of the
4 39 3 saviour n ˈseɪvjə
dangerous situation organisation.
a large sea fish with several rows of very sharp
4 39 3 shark n ʃɑːk teeth that is considered to be dangerous to Sharks were circling around our boat.
humans
having a very thin edge or point that can cut
4 39 3 sharp adj ʃɑːp Its teeth are very sharp.
things easily
the land along the edge of a large area of water
4 39 3 shore n ʃɔː The hotel is on the shores of the Adriatic.
such as an ocean or lake
4 39 3 simple adj ˈsɪmpəl not difficult or complicated to do or understand They went on a simple diving trip near Bali.
a small boat with a powerful engine, designed
4 39 3 speed boat n ˈspiːdbəʊt They sent speed boats to save the people.
to go fast
to notice someone or something, especially
4 39 3 spotted v spɒt I spotted a police car behind us.
when are difficult to see or recognise
23
Uni Part of
t Speech
to try extremely hard to achieve something,
4 39 3 struggled v ˈstrʌgəl Millions of people are struggling for survival.
even though it is very difficult
A lot of small companies are having to fight
4 39 3 survival n səˈvaɪvəl the state of continuing to live or exist
for survival.
to force someone or something to move in a
4 39 3 swept v swiːp The wind surfer was swept out to sea.
particular direction
4 39 3 terrifying adj ˈterəfaɪ-ɪŋ extremely frightening He told her of his terrifying experience.
the regular rising and falling of the level of the
4 39 3 tide n taɪd We went for a walk and got cut off by the tide.
sea
to fasten things together or hold them in a
They tied themselves together in order to
4 39 3 tied v taɪ particular position using a piece of string, rope
survive.
etc
4 39 3 tiny adj taɪni extremely small They spotted a tiny island in the distance.
to become something different or to make They had no idea their short dive would turn
4 39 3 turn into phrasal v ˈtɜːn ˌɪntuː
someone or something do this into a terrifying 48-hour ordeal.
Mike seems unaware of the trouble he's
4 39 3 unaware adj ˌʌnəˈweə not noticing or realising what is happening
causing.
4 39 3 work out phrasal v ˈwɜːk aʊt to calculate an answer, amount, price etc See if you can work this bill out.
the system or type of money that a country The bank can supply you with foreign
4 39 6 currency n ˈkʌrənsi
uses currency.
4 40 2 breathing v briːð to take air into your lungs and send it out again Relax and breathe deeply.
the front part of your body between your neck
4 40 2 chest n tʃest Her heart was pounding in her chest.
and your stomach
simple medical treatment that is given as soon
Being given first aid at the scene of the
4 40 2 first aid n ˌfɜːst ˈeɪd as possible to someone who is injured or who
accident probably saved his life.
suddenly becomes ill
to be in or move into a position where your
4 40 2 knelt v niːl Tom knelt down and patted the dog.
body is resting on your knees
someone who has been trained to help people When the ambulance arrived with the
4 40 2 paramedic n ˌpærəˈmedɪ who are hurt or to do medical work, but is not a paramedics five minutes later, he had started
doctor or nurse breathing again.
if something that happens is a shock, you did
The news of his death came as a great shock
4 40 2 shock n ʃɒk not expect it, and it makes you feel very
to everyone.
surprised, and usually upset
if you have been ill and are doing well, you are
4 40 6 (do) very well adv wel After a long rest, he is now doing very well.
becoming healthy again
Terry's going fishing at Lake Arrowhead next
4 40 7 go fishing n ˈfɪʃɪŋ to do the sport or business of catching fish
weekend.
24
Uni Part of
t Speech
4 40 7 overslept v ˌəʊvəˈsliːp to sleep longer than you intended Sorry I'm late. I overslept.
ideas, achievements, people etc that are ahead
At this stage, Smith appeared to be ahead of
4 42 3 ahead of adv əˈhed əv of others have made more progress or are
his rivals.
more developed
if you benefit from something, or it benefits you,
Many thousands have benefited from the
4 42 3 benefited v ˈbenəfɪt it gives you an advantage, improves your life or
new treatment.
helps you in some way
feeling pleased about something that you have
done or something that you own, or about
4 42 3 proud adj praʊd Her parents are very proud of her.
someone or something you are involved with or
related to
a job, experience, or situation that is stressful Moving to a new house is a very stressful
4 42 3 stressful adj ˈstresfəl
makes you worry a lot experience.
travelling on a raft over the part of a river that
white-water
4 42 3 n ˌwaɪt wɔːtə ˌrɑːftɪŋ looks white because the water is running very He absolutely loves white-water rafting.
rafting
quickly over rocks
to fall onto the ground or to fall from an upright
4 43 1 falling over phrasal v ˈfɔːl əʊvə Tommy fell over and cut his knee badly.
position
a piece of clothing that you wear on your hand She put on her gloves as it was very cold
4 43 1 glove n glʌv
in order to protect it or keep it warm outside.
4 43 1 icy adj ˈaɪsi covered in ice The road was dangerously icy.
a very difficult, unpleasant, or frightening
4 43 1 nightmare n ˈnaɪtmeə The traffic was a nightmare.
experience or situation
a hard level surface or path at the side of a A small group of journalists waited on the
4 43 1 pavement n ˈpeɪvmənt
road for people to walk on pavement outside her house.
4 43 1 snowstorm n ˈsnəʊstɔːm a storm with strong winds and a lot of snow There was a terrible snowstorm that night.
We were exhausted and starving by the time
4 43 1 starving v stɑːv if you are starving, you are very hungry
we got home.
4 43 3 absolutely adv ˈæbsəluːtli used to emphasise something The water was absolutely freezing.
4 43 3 boiling adj ˈbɔɪlɪŋ very hot The weather's boiling today.
They heard a deafening roar as the water
4 43 3 deafening adj ˈdefənɪŋ very loud
rushed through the village.
4 43 3 fascinating adj ˈfæsəneɪtɪŋ extremely interesting I found him quite fascinating.
It's freezing in the house. Can’t I turn on the
4 43 4 freezing adj ˈfriːzɪŋ extremely cold
heating?
a group of people working together with special The TV camera crew were waiting to get
4 44 1 crew n kruː
skills pictures of the Prime Minister.
25
Uni Part of
t Speech
to take goods, letters, packages etc to a
4 44 1 deliver v dɪˈlɪvə The morning mail has just been delivered.
particular place or person
4 44 1 fought v faɪt to try hard to do or get something She fought her way back into the first team.
if you lose control of someone or something,
you do not have the ability or power to make
4 44 1 lost control of n phrase ˈluːz kənˌtrəʊl əv Unfortunately he lost control of the car.
someone or something do what you want or
make something happen in the way you want
when you get something that is newer or better
4 44 1 replacement n rɪˈpleɪsmənt Our old car is badly in need of a replacement.
than the one you had before
4 44 1 speeding n ˈspiːdɪŋ the offence of driving faster than the legal limit She got stopped by the police for speeding.
the sound of a liquid hitting something or being
4 44 1 splash n splæʃ Rachel fell into the river with a loud splash.
moved around quickly
someone whose job is to check equipment or
She works in a hospital as a laboratory
4 44 1 technician n tekˈnɪʃən machines and make sure that they are working
technician.
properly
the round piece of equipment that you turn to
John was behind the wheel when the
4 44 1 wheel n wiːl make a car, ship etc move in a particular
accident happened.
direction
someone who sees a crime or an accident and One witness said that the driver appeared to
4 44 1 witnesses n ˈwɪtnəs
can describe what happened be drunk.
4 45 2 hurt v hɜːt to injure yourself or someone else He hurt his knee playing football.
to get better after an illness, accident, shock He's in hospital recovering from a heart
4 45 2 recovered v rɪˈkʌvə
etc attack.
to succeed in doing something difficult, I finally managed to push the huge animal
4 45 3 managed to v ˈmænɪdʒ
especially after trying very hard away.
Scientists say they have succeeded in finding
4 45 3 succeeded in v səkˈsiːd to do what you tried or wanted to do
a cure for cancer.
if you do something on account of something, it She was told to wear flat shoes, on account
4 45 3 account n əˈkaʊnt
is because of something else of her back problem.
if a car or machine breaks down, it stops
4 46 1 break down phrasal v ˈbreɪk daʊn The car broke down just north of Paris.
working
something that is very bad or a failure,
Because of the weather, the parade was a
4 46 1 disaster n dɪˈzɑːstə especially when this is very annoying or
total disaster.
disappointing
4 46 2 ancient adj ˈeɪnʃənt very old That photo makes me look ancient.
dry powder consisting of extremely small bits of The wind was blowing dust and leaves up
4 46 2 dust n dʌst
earth or sand from the ground.
26
Uni Part of
t Speech
The town was at the foot of the Atlas
4 46 2 foot n fʊt the lowest or bottom part of something
Mountains.
a strong building or group of buildings used by
One morning we decided to look for an old
4 46 2 fort n fɔːt soldiers or an army for defending an important
fort in the desert.
place
if you get lost, you do not know where you are
4 46 2 got lost adj lɒst I got lost on the way here.
and are unable to find you way somewhere
to use all of something and not have any more
4 46 2 run out of phrasal v ˈrun aut əv We ran out of oil.
left
We recommend a 16-kilometre walk from
4 46 4 gorge n gɔːdʒ a deep narrow valley with steep sides
Xania through the Samaria Gorge.
a place where water comes up naturally from
4 46 4 springs n sprɪŋ There are several hot springs in this area.
the ground
if something is hard on something, it has a bad
4 46 4 hard on adj hɑːd Standing all day is very hard on the feet.
effect on something
towards the bottom of a hill or towards lower
4 46 4 downhill adv ˌdaʊnˈhɪl I was going downhill and my brakes failed.
land
something that is slippery is difficult to hold,
4 46 4 slippery adj ˈslɪpəri In places, the path can be wet and slippery.
walk on etc because it is wet or greasy
4 46 4 watch out phrasal v ˈwɒtʃ aʊt used to tell someone to be careful Watch out, the stones are slippery.
a grey or brown animal like a horse, but smaller They had to ride donkeys to get to the top of
4 46 4 donkey n ˈdɒŋki
and with long ears the mountain.
a very large amount of water that covers an
4 46 4 flood n flʌd The village was cut off by floods.
area that is usually dry
fever, weakness etc caused by being outside in She spent too much time in the sun and got
4 46 4 sunstroke n ˈsʌnstrəʊk
the sun for too long sunstroke.
if you twist your ankle, you hurt it by pulling or Harriet slipped on the stairs and twisted her
4 46 4 twisted ankle v twɪst
turning it too suddenly while you are moving ankle.
if you get the best deal, you get the best price When I buy something new I always look
5 48 1 best deal n diːl
or value for money when you buy something online to get the best deal.
a type of product made by a particular
5 48 1 brand n brænd What brand of detergent do you use?
company, that has a particular name or design
to look at the goods in a shop without wanting
5 48 1 browse v braʊz Jon was browsing through the photographs.
to buy any particular thing
one of a group of shops, all of which are owned I like shopping more in independent shops
5 48 1 chain store n ˈtʃeɪn stɔː
by one organisation than chain stores.
useful to you because it saves you time, or
Mail-order catalogues are a convenient way
5 48 1 convenient adj kənˈviːniənt does not spoil your plans or cause you
to shop.
problems
27
Uni Part of
t Speech
They travel to the French hypermarket every
5 48 1 hypermarket n ˈhaɪpəˌmɑːkət a very large supermarket
month to buy wine and cheese.
an independent organisation is not owned or
There are several independent shops in the
5 48 1 independent adj ˌɪndəˈpendənt controlled by, or does not receive money from,
high street.
another organisation or the government
a small design that is the official sign of a Some people like to wear well-known brands
5 48 1 logo n ˈləʊgəʊ
company or organisation and logos.
something expensive that you do not need, but She enjoys buying luxury products like
5 48 1 luxury n ˈlʌkʃəri
you buy for pleasure perfume and jewellery.
If you buy things on credit, you have an
5 48 1 on credit n ˈkredɪt arrangement with a shop, bank etc that allows Most new cars are bought on credit.
you to buy something and pay for it later
price a price comparison website compares the
Many people use price comparison websites
5 48 1 comparison n kəmˈpærəsən prices for the same product from different
these days.
website shops
if you get something second-hand, it is not new
5 48 1 second-hand adv ˈsekənd ːhænd We got most of our furniture second-hand.
and has been used by other people before
a street market is one where a lot of different Let's visit the street market in town this
5 48 1 street market n ˈmɑːkət
people sell things from tables in the street afternoon.
sales are the total number of products that are Britain's retail sales jumped 3.2 percent in
5 49 6 sales n seɪl
sold during a particular period of time April.
the activity of going to the shops and buying
5 49 7 shopping n ˈʃɒpɪŋ She's gone on a shopping trip to New York.
things
what you do with your mouse when you are It’s so much easier to buy things with just a
5 49 3 click n klɪk
working on a computer few clicks of the mouse.
They should try to improve the customer
5 49 7 improve v ɪmˈpruːv to make something better
experience.
log-in to do the necessary actions on a computer You need to have your log-in information
5 49 7 phrasal v ˈlog ɪn
information system that will allow you to begin using it ready.
a name or special word that proves who you
I keep forgetting my username, so I can’t get
5 49 7 username n ˈjuːzə ˌneɪm are and allows you to enter a computer system
into my online bank account.
or use the internet
the red liquid that your heart pumps around
5 50 1 blood n blʌd Her body was found in a pool of blood.
your body
I've had a long chat with her about the
5 50 1 chat n tʃæt an informal friendly conversation
problem.
the outer front or back part of a magazine, book I chose the book because I like the picture on
5 50 1 cover n ˈcʌvə
etc the cover.
28
Uni Part of
t Speech
to like or want something or want to do
5 50 1 fancy v ˈfænsi Sorry but I don't fancy going out tonight.
something
if you are in a panic, you have a sudden strong
in a bit of a She got in a bit of a panic when she couldn't
5 50 1 n ˈpænɪk feeling of fear or nervousness that makes you
panic find the tickets.
unable to think clearly or behave sensibly
5 50 2 intention no ɪnˈtenʃən a plan or desire to do something I have no intention of retiring yet.
a statement about what you think is going to The data can be used to make useful
5 50 2 prediction no prɪˈdɪkʃən
happen, or the act of making this statement economic predictions.
5 50 1 well before adv ˈwel bɪˌfɔː a lot, or to a great degree We’ll be back well before 9.30.
used to say that you agree with something, that
5 51 4 Cool! ad kuːl That's cool. We'll do that then.
you understand it, or that it does not annoy you
a free gift is something that you give someone
The newspaper offered free gifts to try to get
5 51 1 free gift no gɪft to encourage them to use your service or buy
more people to buy it every day.
your products
5 51 3 how about adv ˈhaʊ əˌbaʊt used to make a suggestion about what to do How about going out this evening?
a kid's corner is a special area or part of a room
5 51 1 kids’ corner no ˈbreɪnstɔːm There was a kids’ corner in the library.
for children
to get together with other people in order to try
5 51 3 brainstorm vs. ˈbreɪnstɔːm and develop ideas and think of ways of solving Employees got together to brainstorm ideas.
problems
a card that is given by a shop, supermarket, etc
to its regular customers allowing them to have The supermarket offers its customers loyalty
5 51 1 loyalty card n lɔːntʃ
advantages such as lower prices, money back cards.
on goods etc
second-hand the second-hand book section is the part of a I always visit the second-hand book section
5 51 1 n ˈsekʃən
book section shop that sells second-hand books of my local bookshop.
happening or done as late as possible before There were a few last-minute changes to the
5 52 3 last-minute adj ˌlɑːstˈmɪnət
something else happens recording script.
a decrease in the size, price, or amount of There were substantial reductions on
5 52 3 reduction n riˈdʌkʃən
something, or the act of decreasing something children's clothes.
a small amount of a product that people can try They were handing out free samples of the
5 52 3 free sample n ˈsɑːmpəl
in order to find out what it is like new cereal in the supermarket.
the money that someone pays regularly to use
I pay the rent at the beginning of every
5 52 3 rent n rent a room, house etc that belongs to someone
month.
else
a member of an all-male religious group that They imagined I would be living like a monk,
5 52 3 monk n mʌŋk
lives apart from other people in a monastery never going out.
29
Uni Part of
t Speech
to use something that belongs to someone else
5 52 3 borrowing v ˈbɒrəʊ Can I borrow your pen for a minute?
and that you must give back to them later
a meal at a party or other occasion, in which
The price includes morning coffee, buffet
5 52 3 buffet n ˈbʊfeɪ people serve themselves at a table and then
lunch, and afternoon tea.
move away to eat
if you buy a round of drinks in a bar, you buy It's my turn to buy a round. What do you
5 53 3 round n raʊnd
drinks for all the people in your group want to drink?
when a new product, book etc is made The launch of her new book takes place next
5 53 3 book launch n lɔːntʃ
available or made known week.
something good that you did not expect in a Another bonus was that she met and fell in
5 53 3 bonus n ˈbəʊnəs
situation love with Bruce Taylor.
relating to farming or gardening - methods of
growing goods without using artificial
5 53 3 organic adj ɔːˈgænɪk Organic farming is better for the environment.
chemicals, or produced or grown by these
methods
a place in a factory, school etc where meals are
5 53 3 canteen n kænˈtin She usually has lunch in the canteen.
provided, usually quite cheaply
something that tests strength, skill, or ability, Martin now faces the biggest challenge of his
5 53 5 challenge n ˈtʃæləndʒ
especially in a way that is interesting career.
It's pointless telling her to clean her room -
5 53 5 pointless adj ˈpɔɪntləs worthless or not likely to have any useful result
she'll never do it.
if something is a dream come true, it happens
a dream come
5 55 3 n phrase drɪːm after you have wanted it to happen for a long Marriage is her dream come true.
true
time
money that you gain by selling things or doing The shop's daily profit is usually around
5 55 3 profit n ˈprɒfət
business, after your costs have been paid $500.
an activity intended to help sell a product, or The store's winter promotion will be
5 55 3 promotion n prəˈməʊʃən
the product that is being promoted spectacular.
5 55 3 flight n flaɪt a journey in a plane or space vehicle He immediately booked a flight to Toulouse.
someone who looks for or collects a particular Joan is a first class bargain hunter, always
5 55 3 hunter n ˈhʌntə
type of thing getting the best deals on anything she buys.
a pile of objects that have been put in to the Photographs of people with pyramids of
5 55 3 pyramid n ˈpɪrəmɪd
shape of a pyramid chocolate oranges quickly appeared.
a long flat narrow board attached to a wall or in
5 55 3 shelf n ʃelf I put the books on the top shelf.
a frame or cupboard used for putting things on
if something goes wrong, there is a mistake
during a process so that you do not get the
5 55 3 wrong adv rɒŋ The promotion went wrong.
right result, or a plan which you have made
fails
30
Uni Part of
t Speech
if something is aimed at somebody, it is
5 56 5 aimed at v eɪm intended for a particular person or group of The criticism wasn't aimed at you.
people
The actors wore very colourful costumes in
5 56 5 colourful adj ˈkʌləfəl having bright colours or a lot of different colours
the play.
made by a well-known and fashionable
5 56 5 designer adj dɪˈzaɪnə My friend always buys designer clothes.
designer
30% of customers expressed dissatisfaction
5 56 5 dissatisfaction n dɪˌsætəsˈfækʃən a feeling of not being satisfied
with the service.
the feeling of wanting something that someone
5 56 5 envy n ˈenvi He watched the others with envy.
else has
an attempt to persuade someone by using They are putting pressure on people to vote
5 56 5 put pressure on n phrase ˈpreʃə
influence, arguments, or threats yes.
to keep someone or something safe from harm, Physical exercise can protect you against
5 56 5 protect v prəˈtekt
damage, or illness heart disease.
to like someone or something more than
I prefer to wear clothes made of natural
5 57 1 prefer v prɪˈfɜː someone or something else, so that you would
fibres.
choose it if you could
Teaching young children is a challenging and
6 58 1 challenging adj ˈtʃæləngʒɪŋ difficult in an interesting or enjoyable way
rewarding job.
6 58 1 prospect n ˈprɒspekts chances of future success I had no job, no education, and no prospects.
making you feel happy and satisfied because
6 58 1 rewarding adj riˈwɔːdɪŋ you feel you are doing something useful or Teaching can be a very rewarding career.
important
a situation that is secure is one that you can
6 58 1 secure adj sɪˈkʊə We want a secure future for our children.
depend on because it is not likely to change
if you have a sense of achievement, you have
sense of Even a small success gives a sense of
6 58 1 n əˈtʃiːvmənt a feeling that you have achieved something
achievement achievement.
good
your social or professional rank or position, Doctors have traditionally enjoyed a high
6 58 1 status n ˈsteɪtəs
considered in relation to other people social status.
6 58 1 well-paid adj ˌwelˈpeɪd providing or receiving good wages He's a very well-paid executive.
the ability to give a sensible amount of time and
work-life You can’t have a proper work-life balance if
6 58 1 n ˌwɜːk ˈlaɪf ˌbæləns effort to your work and to your life outside work,
balance you're in the office for 12 hours a day.
for example to your family or to other interests
if something is worthwhile, it is important or
6 58 1 worthwhile adj ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl He wanted to do a worthwhile job.
useful, or you gain something from it
31
Uni Part of
t Speech
a formal, usually written request for something
6 58 3 application form n ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən such as a job, place at university, or permission I filled in the application form and sent it off.
to do something
someone who is being considered for a job or
6 58 3 candidate n ˈklændədət There are only three candidates for the job.
is competing in an election
(curriculum vitae) a short written document that
lists your education and previous jobs, which
6 58 3 CV n ˌsiː ˈviː Have you prepared your CV yet?
you send to employers when you are looking
for a job
a formal meeting at which someone is asked
I've got an interview for that job I applied for
6 58 3 interview n ˈɪntəvjuː questions in order to find out if they are suitable
last week.
for a job, course of study etc
letter of a letter of application is one where the purpose He sent out several letters of application, but
6 58 3 n ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən
application of the letter is to get an interview didn’t get any replies.
money that you receive as payment from the
The average salary for a teacher is $39,000 a
6 58 3 salary n ˈsæləri organisation you work for, usually paid to you
year.
every month
6 58 3 temporary adj ˈtempərəri continuing only for a limited period of time She was employed on a temporary basis.
money you earn that is paid according to the
6 58 3 wage n weɪdʒ He earns a good wage.
number of hours, days, or weeks that you work
someone who has a part-time job works for She wants to find a part-time job while she's
6 59 9 part-time adj ˌpɑːtˈtaɪm
only part of each day or week studying at university.
Laughter was a rare occurrence in his
6 60 3 occurrence n əˈkʌrəns something that happens
classroom.
a small shop that sells fashionable clothes or She bought a beautiful necklace from the
6 60 3 boutique n buːˈtiːk
other objects new boutique.
the clothes designed by a fashion company for
We're looking for unusual clothes for this
6 60 3 collection n kəˈlekʃən a particular season, or the clothes selected by
summer's collection.
a shop for a particular season
6 60 3 drop v drɒp to decide not to include someone or something His name was dropped from the list.
if a train, plane etc or person gets in at a
6 60 3 get in phrasal v ˈget ɪn I usually get in at about 8.30 a.m.
particular time, they arrive at that time
The President makes all the key decisions on
6 60 3 key adj kiː very important or necessary
foreign policy.
The best thing about being a magician is
6 60 3 magician n məˈdʒɪʃən an entertainer who performs magic tricks
being your own boss.
a particular country or area or group of people Then they put the catch on the deck and our
6 60 3 market n ˈmɑːkət
to which a company sells its goods or services work begins.
32
Uni Part of
t Speech
a number of people or things that are all I work to select and build the perfect range of
6 60 3 range n reɪndʒ
different, but are all of the same general type clothes for our customers.
He's attending the annual sales conference
6 60 3 risky adj ˈrɪski involving a risk that something bad will happen
in New York.
the time in each year when new styles of
Buying a second-hand car is a risky
6 60 3 season n ˈsiːzən clothes, hair etc are produced and become
business.
fashionable
to choose something or someone by thinking I work to select and build the perfect range of
6 60 3 select v səˈlekt
carefully about which is the best, most suitable clothes for our customers.
the raised area in a theatre which actors or
6 60 3 stage n steɪdʒ She is on stage for most of the play.
singers stand on when they perform
if you start up a business, company etc, or it
6 60 3 starting up phrasal v ˈstɑːt ʌp Tax breaks help new companies start up.
starts up, it begins to exist
if you stay ahead of something, you are doing Staying ahead of our competitors is vital if we
6 60 3 stay ahead adv əˈhed
better than others in your job, education etc are going to survive.
a large event when several companies shows
During these fashion seasons I travel to trade
6 60 3 trade show n ˈtreɪd ʃəʊ their goods or services in one place, to try to
shows.
sell them
a skilful set of actions that seem like magic, My uncle was always showing me card tricks
6 60 3 trick n trɪk
done to entertain people when I was a kid.
to test something such as a method or a piece
6 60 3 try out phrasal v ˈtraɪ aʊt of equipment to see if it is effective or works I'm trying out my new computer.
properly
a marriage ceremony, especially one with a
6 60 3 wedding n ˈwedɪŋ She's busy planning her daughter's wedding.
religious service
a short performance on stage or television by
6 61 3 act n ækt The argument was just part of their act.
someone who plays music or tells jokes
to make someone feel slightly angry and
6 61 3 annoy v əˈnɔɪ She annoyed me with her stupid questions.
unhappy about something
6 61 3 behaviour n bɪˈheɪvjə the things that a person or animal does It is important to reward good behaviour.
being your own Since I'm my own boss, my hours are
6 61 3 n bɒs if you are your own boss, you work for yourself
boss flexible.
to earn a particular amount or produce a The sale of the house will only bring in about
6 61 3 brings in phrasal v ˈbrɪŋ ɪn
particular amount of profit £45,000.
the quantity of fish that has been caught at one The fishermen put the catch on the deck and
6 61 3 catch n kætʃ
time our work begins.
a large formal meeting where a lot of people
He's attending the annual sales conference
6 61 3 conference n ˈkɒnfərəns discuss important matters such as business,
in New York.
politics, or science, sometimes for several days
33
Uni Part of
t Speech
6 61 3 crew n kruː all the people who work on a ship or plane He joined the crew of a large fishing boat.
the outside top level of a ship that you can walk
6 61 3 deck n dek Let's go up on deck.
or sit on
When I was growing up I used to get bored
6 61 3 growing up phrasal v ˈgrəʊ ʌp to develop from being a child to being an adult
with things very quickly.
someone who give lectures, especially in a
6 61 3 lecturer n ˈlektʃərə She's a brilliant lecturer.
university
relating to the sea and the creatures that live The sea around the island has a large variety
6 61 3 marine adj məˈriːn
there of marine life.
someone who studies or works in the scientific To become a marine biologist, I did a biology
6 61 3 biologist n baɪˈɒlədʒəst
study of living things degree followed by an MSc and a doctorate.
very keen to do something or achieve
6 61 3 motivated adj ˈməʊtəveɪtəd something, especially because you find it The students are all highly motivated.
interesting or exciting
something used for catching fish, insects, or
animals which is made of threads or wires At the fishing site the crew pull a big net
6 61 3 net n net
woven across each other with regular spaces along the seabed.
between them
the regular way in which something happens, Weather patterns have changed in recent
6 61 3 pattern n ˈpætən
develops, or is done years.
We put the sharks and rays into seawater
6 61 3 ray n reɪ a large flat sea fish with a long pointed tail
tanks and tag them.
to let someone or something go free, after Police arrested several men, who were later
6 61 3 release v rɪˈliːs
having kept them somewhere released.
6 61 3 seabed n ˈsiː bed the land at the bottom of the sea Some fish like to stay near the seabed.
York was selected as the site for the research
6 61 3 site n saɪt a place that is used for a particular purpose
centre.
to begin your life or profession, or an important When the band first started out, they played
6 61 3 starting out phrasal v ˈstɑːt aʊt
period of time at small clubs.
Each bird was tagged and released into the
6 61 3 tag v tæg to attach a tag to something
wild.
6 61 3 tank n tæŋk a large container for storing liquid or gas They kept the fish in tanks on deck.
if something tends to happen, it happens often People tend to need less sleep as they get
6 61 3 tend to v tend
and is likely to happy again older.
6 61 3 went into phrasal v ˈgəʊ ɪntə to start to do a particular type of job I always wanted to go into nursing.
6 62 5 least adv liːst the smallest amount He is the least confident person I know.
Tickets were less expensive than I had
6 62 5 less adv les not so much or to a smaller degree
expected.
34
Uni Part of
t Speech
He is a Labour politician who has worked
someone who works in politics, especially an
6 62 7 politician n ˌpɒləˈtɪʃən very hard to help the disadvantaged in
elected member of the government
society.
check-out the person in a supermarket who takes the She works in Waitrose as check-out
6 63 8 n ˈtʃek-ɑʊt əˌsistənt
assistant money for the goods you have collected assistant.
6 63 8 dentist n ˈdentəst someone whose job is to treat people's teeth I'm going to the dentist this afternoon.
someone whose job is to welcome and deal
6 63 8 receptionist n rɪˈsepʃənəst with people arriving in a hotel or office building, The hotel receptionist was extremely helpful.
visiting a doctor etc
always telling other people what to do, in a way Jennifer is extremely bossy and is difficult to
6 63 1 bossy adj ˈbɒsi
that is annoying work with.
something such as a box or bowl that you use She keeps all her photographs in old ice
6 63 4 container n kənˈteɪnə
to keep things in cream containers.
It's important to feel comfortable in your
6 64 1 workplace n ˈwɜːkpleɪs the room, building etc where you work
workplace.
a television or radio story about the daily lives
6 64 4 soap opera n ˈsəʊp ˌɒpərə and relationships of the same group of people, Her favourite soap opera is Eastenders.
which is broadcast regularly
a job, usually as part of a course of study,
Students are sent out on placement for
6 65 2 placement n ˈpleɪsmənt which gives you experience of a particular type
training.
of work
a piece of furniture, jewellery etc that was
6 65 2 antique n ˌænˈtiːk made a very long time ago and is therefore The palace is full of priceless antiques.
valuable
something, for example a painting, that is put in
6 65 2 exhibit n ɪgˈzɪbət The exhibits date from the 17th century.
a public place so that people can go to see it
a particular type of clothing worn by all the
6 65 2 uniform n ˈjuːnəfɔːm members of a group or organisation such as He was still wearing his school uniform.
the police, the army etc
expecting people to obey the rules or to do
6 65 2 strict adj strɪkt This company is very strict about punctuality.
what you say
a period of time when there is no electricity They couldn’t use the computers because
6 65 2 power cut n ˈpaʊə kʌt
supply there was a power cut.
someone whose job at a beach or swimming She works as a life guard at the beach in
6 66 1 life guard n ˈlaɪfgɑːd
pool is to help swimmers who are in danger summer.
someone or something that is reliable can be
6 66 1 reliable adj rɪˈlaɪəbəl Miller was a quiet and reliable man.
trusted or depended on
6 66 1 spare time adj ˈspeə taɪm spare time is when you are not working What do you do in you spare time?
35
Uni Part of
t Speech
Please let us know your availability for
6 66 1 availability n əˌveɪləˈbɪləti details of how free or busy someone is
interview.
6 66 3 currently adv ˈkʌrəntli at the present time He is currently working on his first novel.
someone who is fit is strong and healthy, You must be very fit if you do so much
6 66 3 fit adj fɪt
especially because they exercise regularly running.
feeling that you want to thank someone
I am very grateful to all those who took the
6 66 3 grateful adj ˈgreɪtfəl because of something kind that they have
trouble to write to me.
done, or showing this feeling
a young person, usually a woman, who stays
with a family in a foreign country to learn the We're looking for an au pair to look after the
6 66 5 au pair n əʊˈpeə
language, and looks after their children for a children.
small wage
The au pair will have to do some light
6 66 5 light adj lait not heavy or a not a lot
housework for us too.
rate of pay is the amount paid every hour, week Many workers in the catering industry are on
6 66 5 rate of pay n phrase ˈreɪts əv ˌpei
etc low rates of pay.
something that you own or have with you at a He had sold all his possessions and left the
7 70 2 possession n pəˈzeʃən
particular time country.
someone who is fortunate has something good
7 71 8 fortunate adj ˈfɔːtʃənət I've been fortunate to find a career that I love.
happen to them, or is in a good situation
directly relating to the subject or problem being
7 71 8 relevant adj ˈreləvənt We received all the relevant information.
discussed or considered
if information is out of date, it is not recent and The information in the tourist guide is already
7 71 9 out of date adj ˌaʊt əv ˈdeɪt
may no longer be correct out of date.
feeling annoyed, upset, and impatient, because He gets frustrated when people don't
7 71 10 frustrated adj frʌˈstreɪtəd
you cannot control or change a situation understand what he's trying to say.
able to wait calmly for a long time or to accept
7 71 10 patient adj ˈpeɪʃənt difficulties, people's annoying behaviour etc You'll just have to be patient with me.
without becoming angry
The recent rise in crime is a matter of
7 71 10 concern n kənˈsɜːn a feeling of worry about something important
considerable concern.
used to say how true something is or how great We all to some extent remember the good
7 71 10 extent n ɪkˈstent
an effect or change is times and forget the bad.
relating to your money, possessions, living
This society places high importance on
7 71 10 material adj məˈtɪəriəl conditions etc rather than the needs of your
material rewards.
mind or soul
7 71 10 reasonable adj ˈriːzənəbəl fair and sensible It sounded like a reasonable excuse to me.
standard of the amount of wealth, comfort, and other things Everyone expects to have reasonable
7 71 10 n ˌstændəd əv ˈlɪvɪŋ
living that a particular person, group, country etc has standard of living.
36
Uni Part of
t Speech
to a certain to a certain extent means partly but not
7 71 10 adj ˈsɜːtn I do agree with his ideas to a certain extent.
extent completely
7 71 10 contented adj kənˈtentəd happy and satisfied because your life is good I feel warm, cosy and contented.
The knife had pierced his heart, but incredibly
7 72 3 incredibly adv ɪnˈkredəbli in a way that is hard to believe
he was still alive.
The students’ favourite, baked beans, is
7 72 3 unsurprisingly adv ˌʌnsəˈpraɪzɪŋli not making you feel surprised
unsurprisingly top of most supermarket lists.
one of several natural substances that exist in
food such as meat, eggs, and beans, and Vegetarians need to make sure that they eat
7 72 3 protein n ˈprəʊtiːn
which your body needs in order to grow and enough protein.
remain strong and healthy
You'll probably need some painkillers until
7 72 3 painkillers n ˈpeɪnˌkɪlə a medicine which reduces or removes pain
your leg has recovered.
if part of your body aches, you feel a
7 73 2 ache v eɪk His feet were aching from standing so long.
continuous, but not very sharp pain there
to suddenly fall down or become unconscious
7 73 2 collapsed v kəˈlæps Marion's legs collapsed under her.
because you are ill or weak
If you increase your heart rate for 20 minutes
7 73 2 heart rate n ˈhɑːt reɪt how fast your heart beats
a day, it’s very good for your health.
to give light to a place or to shine a light on And if people eat chocolate a certain part of
7 73 2 lights up phrasal v ˈlaɪt ʌp
something the brain lights up!
a medical test in which a special machine
The scan showed that she was expecting
7 73 2 scan n skæn produces a picture of something inside your
twins.
body
to decide that something that was officially
7 73 6 cancel v ˈkænsəl Our flight was cancelled.
planned will not happen
if you waste time, you do not make full use of
7 73 6 wasting his time v weɪst The doctor said I was wasting his time.
the time
the length of time that a person or animal is If you eat healthily you will increase your life
7 73 6 life expectancy n ˌlaɪf ɪkˈspektənsi
expected to live expectancy.
a treatment for pain and disease that involves He tried acupuncture for his migraines and it
7 74 1 acupuncture n ˈækjəˌpʌnktʃə
pushing special needles into parts of the body was very successful.
putting a person in an extremely cold place for The doctors used cryotherapy to deal with his
7 74 1 cryotherapy n ˌkraɪəʊˈθerəpi
a short period can help with pain pain.
to find out what illness someone has, or what
7 74 1 diagnose v ˈdaɪəgnəʊz the cause of a fault is after doing tests, The illness was diagnosed as mumps.
examinations etc
the amount of medicine or a drug that you Never exceed the recommended dose of
7 74 1 dose n dəʊs
should take painkillers.
37
Uni Part of
t Speech
a system of medicine in which a disease is
She used homeopathy to control her hay
7 74 1 homeopathy n ˌhəʊmiˈɒpəθi treated by giving extremely small amounts of a
fever.
substance that causes the disease
looking at someone’s eyes and studying the iris
7 74 1 iridology n ˌɪrɪˈdɒləðʒi Most people think that iridology doesn't work.
to help diagnose health problems
the round coloured part of your eye, that He said he could find out what was wrong
7 74 1 iris n ˈaɪərəs
surrounds the black pupil with my eye by studying my iris.
a long, very thin piece of metal used in
7 74 1 needles n ˈniːdl She put needles in different parts of my body.
acupuncture
a medicine or medical treatment that makes an
7 74 3 cure n kjʊə There is still no cure for AIDS.
illness go away
the weather at a particular time, especially
In cold conditions you'll need a sleeping bag
7 74 4 conditions n kənˈdɪʃənz when you are considering how this affects
with a hood.
people
one of the four long thin parts on your hand, not
7 74 4 fingers n ˈfɪŋgə We ate with our fingers.
including your thumb
one of the five movable parts at the end of your
7 74 4 toes n təʊ He stubbed his toe on the big stone.
foot
recharge your riːˈtʃɑːdʒ yə if you recharge your batteries, you rest or relax A week in the mountains should recharge my
7 75 1 n phrase
batteries ˌbætəriz in order to get back your energy batteries.
to think very carefully about something that you
7 75 1 concentrate v ˈkænsəntreɪt Adrian was finding it difficult to concentrate.
are doing
7 75 1 recharge v ˌriːˈtʃɑːdʒ to put a new supply of electricity into a battery I'm just recharging my phone battery.
if you get caught in something, you are in a
We got caught in the rainstorm on the way
7 75 3 caught v kætʃ situation that you cannot easily get out of or in
here.
which you do not have something you need
if you take notes, you write down information
7 75 3 take notes n phrase nəʊt I read the first chapter and took notes.
during a lesson, from a book etc
a general medical examination that a doctor or
7 75 4 check-up n ˈtʃek-ʌp It's important to have regular check-ups.
dentist gives you to make sure you are healthy
By getting the design right, you can cut down
7 75 4 cut down phrasal v ˈkʌt daʊn to reduce the amount of something
on accidents.
to do something that produces an effect or
7 76 3 affect v əˈfekt Many areas were affected by the hurricane.
change in something in someone's situation
to put people or things into groups according to The population is categorised according to
7 76 3 categorise v ˈkætəgəraɪz
the type of person or thing they are age, sex, and social group.
the combination of colours that someone Make sure that you include red somewhere in
7 76 3 colour scheme n ˈkʌlə skiːm
chooses for a room, painting etc your colour scheme!
38
Uni Part of
t Speech
happening often and to many people or in Bad dreams are fairly common among
7 76 3 common adj ˈkɒmən
many places children.
The thought of taking the exam again
7 76 3 depress v dɪˈpres to make someone feel very unhappy
depressed him.
someone who is invited to an event or special
7 76 3 guest n gest You are here as my guests.
occasion
7 76 3 mood n muːd the way you feel at a particular time You're in a good mood this morning!
if someone reoffends, they have already
It is important to find ways of discouraging
7 76 3 reoffending v əˈfend committed a crime or crimes and they do it
prisoners from reoffending.
again
involving actions that are intended to injure or The riots ended with the violent deaths of
7 76 3 violent adj ˈvaɪələnt
kill people, by hitting them, shooting them etc three teenagers.
to make a connection in your mind between
7 76 3 associate v əˈsəʊʃieɪt I don't associate him with energetic sports.
one thing or person and another
to use something for a particular purpose, give
You should allocate the same amount of time
7 77 3 allocated v ˈæləkeɪt something to particular person etc, especially
to each question.
after an official decision has been made
finishing or being played, fought etc with both It was a close game that could have gone
7 77 3 close adj kləʊs
sides almost equal either way.
consisting of many different parts and often Peter seemed to have an understanding of
7 77 3 complex adj ˈkɒmpleks
difficult to understand the most complex issues.
belonging or relating to a particular society and There are very real historical and cultural
7 77 3 cultural adj ˈkʌltʃərəl
its way of life differences between our two societies.
to prefer someone or something to other things
7 77 3 favour v ˈfeɪvə or people, especially when there are several to Both countries favour the agreement.
choose from
a neutral colour is a colour such as grey, light Neutral tones give the room a feeling of
7 77 3 neutral adj ˈnjuːtrəl
brown or cream space.
someone who makes sure that the rules of a
The referee blew his whistle to signal the end
7 77 3 referee n ˌrefəˈriː sport such as football, basketball, or boxing are
of the match.
followed
for some reason that is not clear to you or that
7 77 3 somehow adv ˈsʌmhaʊ Somehow, I just don’t think it'll work.
you do not understand
a set of numbers which represent facts or Statistics show that 50% of new businesses
7 77 3 statistic n stəˈtɪstɪk
measurements fail in their first year.
knowledge about something, based on learning How does this add to our understanding of
7 77 3 understanding n ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ
or experience the problem?
to move towards or nearer to someone or
7 77 4 approach v əˈprəʊtʃ She heard footsteps approaching.
something
39
Uni Part of
t Speech
to be important, especially to be important to
7 77 4 matter v ˈmætə Will it matter if I'm a little late?
you, or to have an effect on what happens
having an important effect or influence, Please inform us if there are any significant
7 77 4 significant adj sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt
especially on what will happen in the future changes in your plans.
They discovered that goalkeepers felt far less
the player in a sports team whose job is to try confident facing a penalty from a red-shirted
7 77 4 goalkeeper n ˈgəʊlˌkiːpə
to stop the ball going into the goal player than one who was wearing white or
blue.
a chance to kick the ball in a game of football,
7 77 4 penalty n ˈpenəlti given because the other team has broken a Rooney kicked a penalty in the last minute.
rule
He is constantly coming up with bright ideas
7 78 2 bright idea adj braɪt a bright idea is a very good idea
for making money.
The park is open to the public during daylight
7 78 2 daylight n ˈdeɪlaɪt the light produced by the sun during the day
hours.
an area of countryside or land of a particular
7 78 2 landscape n ˈlændskeɪp type, used especially when talking about its The landscape is incredible, isn’t it?
appearance
to manage to do something or see someone,
7 78 3 fit in phrasal v ˈfɪt ɪn even though you have a lot of other things to I wanted to fit in a swim before breakfast.
do
very enjoyable, exciting, or romantic, in a
7 78 3 magical adj ˈmædʒɪkəl We spent a magical evening together.
strange or special way
used to tell someone that you hope they will be Good luck in this enormous project you are
7 78 4 good luck n ˌgʊd ˈlʌk
successful in something they are going to do undertaking.
a large strong animal with thick fur, that eats We saw brown bears when we visited
8 80 2 bear n beə
flesh, fruit, and insects Canada last year.
a brightly-coloured insect with a long thin body You can see lots of dragonflies here in the
8 80 2 dragonfly n ˈdrægənflaɪ
and transparent wings which lives near water summer.
There were a lot of ants in the garden last
8 80 2 ant n ænt a small insect that lives in large groups
year.
a small creature such as a fly or ant, that has Don’t forget to take insect repellent when you
8 80 2 insect n ˈɪnsekt
six legs and sometimes wings go camping, or you will get bitten.
a type of animal that drinks milk from its
8 80 2 mammal n ˈmæməl Humans, dogs, and whales are all mammals.
mother's body when it is young
8 80 2 owl n aʊl a bird with large eyes that hunts at night An owl was sitting in the tree above us.
Sometimes you can see the kingfishers along
8 80 2 kingfisher n ˈkɪŋˌfɪʃə a small brightly coloured bird
the river.
40
Uni Part of
t Speech
a type of animal, such as a snake or lizard,
whose body temperature changes according to There are many different types of reptile in
8 80 2 reptile n ˈreptaɪl
the temperature around it, and that usually lays this country.
eggs to have babies
a large fish with silver skin and pink flesh that
8 80 2 salmon n ˈsæmən lives in the sea but swims up rivers to lay its We had salmon for dinner last night.
eggs
an animal with a long thin body and no legs
8 80 2 snake n sneɪk A snake slithered across our path.
that often has a poisonous bite
a large reptile with a long mouth and many
They couldn’t swim in the river because it
8 80 2 crocodile n ˈkrɒkədaɪl sharp teeth that lives in lakes and rivers in hot
was infested with crocodiles.
wet parts of the world
8 80 4 beak n biːk the hard pointed mouth of a bird The toucan has a very large beak.
a sharp curved nail on an animal, bird, or some
8 80 4 claw n klɔː The cat dug his claws into my leg.
insects
one of the light soft things that cover a bird's Women used to wear ostrich feathers on their
8 80 4 feather n ˈfeðə
body heads.
one of the thin body parts that a fish uses to They could see the shark's fin as it
8 80 4 fin n fɪn
swim approached the boat.
the thick soft hair that covers the bodies of
8 80 4 fur n fɜː He was wearing a fur-lined coat.
some animals, such as cats, dogs, and rabbits
8 80 4 paw n pɔː an animal's foot that has nails or claws The dog got something stuck in its paw.
one of the small flat pieces of skin that cover
8 80 4 scale n skeɪl The scales on this fish are a silvery colour.
the bodies of fish, snakes etc
the natural outer layer of a person's or animal's
8 80 4 skin n skɪn She had thick hair and smooth dark skin.
body
one of the parts of a bird's or insect's body that
8 80 4 wing n wɪŋ The pheasant flapped its wings vigorously.
it uses for flying
determined or trying very hard to be more Some US industries are not as competitive
8 81 8 competitive adj kəmˈpetətɪv
successful than other people or businesses as they have been in the past.
someone whose job it is to find out secret
The spy plane was shot down by a
8 81 8 spy n spaɪ information about another country,
neighbouring country.
organisation, or group
to keep facts or information in your brain or a
8 81 8 store v stɔː All the data is stored on our computer.
computer
if something is streamlined, it is formed into a
8 81 8 streamlined adj ˈstriːmlaɪnd smooth shape, so that it moves easily through All these new cars have been streamlined.
the air or water
41
Uni Part of
t Speech
Artist can translate their ideas into visual
8 81 8 visual adj ˈvɪʒuəl relating to seeing
images.
to encourage someone by making them feel He inspired many young people to take up
8 81 9 inspire v ɪnˈspaɪə
confident and eager to do something the sport.
8 82 2 ability n əˈbɪləti the state of being able to do something The test measure mathematical ability.
someone or something that affects or changes Technological advances are the chief agents
8 82 3 agent n ˈeidʒənt
a situation of change.
to design or make a new idea, product, system Scientists have developed a new drug to
8 82 2 developed v dɪˈveləp
etc over a period of time treat arthritis.
an amount of something that can be counted or The police also found a quantity of
8 82 2 quantity n ˈkwɒntəti
measured ammunition in the flat.
Have you got any sticky tape I can use to
8 82 2 sticky tape adj ˈstɪki tape etc that is made so it will stick to surfaces
hold these together?
successful, and working in the way that was The cheaper drugs are just as effective in
8 83 2 effective adj ɪˈfektɪv
intended treating arthritis.
concerning or affecting the air, land, or water on The increase in car users has had a serious
8 83 5 environmental adj ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl
Earth environmental impact.
if a volcano erupts, it explodes and sends The volcano last erupted over two hundred
8 84 1 erupt v ɪˈrʌpt
smoke, fire and rock into the sky years ago.
a bitter argument, battle etc is one in which
8 84 5 bitter adj ˈbitə people oppose or criticise each other with The countries are still bitter enemies.
strong feelings of hate and anger
It was a long time before the police caught on
8 84 5 catch on phrasal v ˈcætʃ ɒn to begin to understand or realise something
to what he was really doing.
a system of heating buildings in which water or
The central heating works really well in this
8 84 5 central heating n ˌsentrəl ˈhiːtɪŋ air is heated in one place and then sent around
house.
the rest of the building through pipes etc
It's comforting to know I can call my parents
8 84 5 comforting adj ˈkʌmfətɪŋ making you feel less worried, unhappy, or upset
any time.
a mixture of decayed plants, leaves etc used to We put all our left over vegetables in the
8 84 5 compost n ˈkɒmpɒst
improve the quality of soil compost bin.
an open container with a handle used for We've got a compost bucket in the kitchen
8 84 5 bucket n ˈbʌkət
carrying and holding things, especially liquids where all the waste vegetable material is put.
do more if you do damage to someone or something, When volcanoes erupt they do more damage
8 84 5 n phrase ˈdæmɪdʒ
damage you cause them harm to the planet than I do.
someone who is concerned about protecting
8 84 5 environmentalist n ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentələst Jacob is a keen environmentalist.
the environment
when people live or work together without I do believe it is possible for different ethnic
8 84 5 harmony n ˈhɑːməni
fighting or disagreeing with each other groups to live together in harmony.
42
Uni Part of
t Speech
if a container or place fills up, or if you fill it up,
8 84 5 fill up phrasal v ˈfil ʌp Shall I fill the car up with petrol?
it becomes full
8 84 5 passion for n ˈpæʃən a very strong belief or feeling about something He has a passion for football.
if you raise your eyebrows, you move them
8 84 5 raised eyebrow n phrase reɪzd ˈaɪbraʊ upwards in order to show surprise or This decision caused a few raised eyebrows.
disapproval
8 84 5 reusable adj ˌriːˈjuːzəbəl can be used again These containers are reusable.
if you are a slave to something, you are so
8 84 5 slave n sleɪv strongly influenced by it that you cannot make Maria is a slave to fashion.
your own decisions
His wife’s passion for recycling has taken
8 84 5 taken over phrasal v ˈteɪk ˌəʊvə to take control of something
over family life.
the treatment or examination of someone's
8 84 5 therapy n ˈθerəpi mental problems by talking to them for a long Ron was in therapy for years.
time about their feelings
someone or something that is regarded as a The fighting is a major threat to stability in the
8 84 5 threat n θret
possible danger region.
to turn the switch on a machine such as an
Can you turn the TV down? I'm trying to
8 84 5 turn down phrasal v ˈtɜːn daʊn oven, radio etc so that it produces less heat,
work.
sound etc
an instrument used for keeping a room or a She turns down the thermostat on the central
8 84 5 thermostat n ˈθɜːməstæt
machine at a particular temperature heating even when it’s snowing outside.
voices are if you raise your voice, you speak loudly or
8 84 5 v reɪz I could hear raised voices in the next room.
raised shout because you are angry
8 85 5 goes off phrasal v ˈgəʊ ɒf if food goes off, it become too bad to eat I'm afraid the milk's gone off.
problems caused by something which annoys We apologise for the delay and any
8 85 5 inconvenience n ˌinkənˈviːniəns
or affects you inconvenience caused.
a cover for the open part of a pot, box, or other
8 85 5 lid n lɪd He carefully lifted the lid of the box.
container
serious offence when you offend or upset someone by Forgetting to take reusable bags to the shops
8 85 5 n əˈfens
in her eyes something you do or say is a more serious offence in her eyes.
They need to be washed so I'm putting them
8 85 5 smelly adj ˈsmeli having a strong unpleasant smell
in the washing machine.
If you do something up to point, you do it partly,
8 85 5 up to a point n pɔɪnt I agree with you up to a point.
but not completely
one of the hard parts that together form the The X-ray showed that the bone was broken
8 85 5 bone n bəʊn
frame of a human, animal or fish body in two places.
43
Uni Part of
t Speech
someone whose job it to help people with
8 85 5 counsellor n ˈkaʊnsələ Are you seeing a counsellor?
problems
long thin pieces of potato that have been
8 85 5 fries n fraɪz We had steak and fries last night for dinner.
cooked in hot oil
if you grill something, or if it grills, you cook it
8 85 5 grill v grɪl by putting it on a flat metal frame with bars Grill the bacon until it is crisp.
across it, above or below strong direct heat
make us Mr Trent lost his house when he was made
8 85 5 adj ˈbæŋkrʌpt without enough money to pay what you owe
bankrupt bankrupt.
thinking or worrying about something all the
8 85 5 obsessive adj əbˈsesɪv time, so that you do not think about other things I try to stay fit, but I'm not obsessive about it.
enough
on really bad if you are on bad terms with someone, you
8 85 5 n tɜːmz One couple we know are on really bad terms.
terms have a bad relationship with them
a piece of skin that has been removed from a
8 85 5 peeling n ˈpiːlɪŋz Put the potato peelings on the compost heap.
fruit or vegetable
a vegetarian meal is a meal for someone who We found a fantastic vegetarian restaurant in
8 85 5 vegetarian adj ˌvedʒəˈteəriən
does not eat meat or fish town.
a room or space under the roof of a building,
8 86 3 loft n lɒft We put all the old boxes in the loft.
usually used for storing things in
to cover or protect something with a material
8 86 3 insulated v ˈɪnsjəleɪt that stops electricity, sound, heat etc from Pipes may need insulating against the cold.
getting in or out
a container for boiling water that is used to I'm afraid the boiler's not working at the
8 86 3 boiler n ˈbɔɪlə
provide heating in a house moment.
glass on a window or door in two separate
Now we’ve got double glazing throughout the
8 86 3 double glazing n ˌdʌbəl ˈgleɪzɪŋ sheets with a space between them, used to
house.
keep noise out and heat in
8 86 3 massively adv ˈmæsɪvli enormously, greatly The president was massively popular.
the structure that covers or forms the top of a
8 86 3 roof n ruːf They finally found the cat up on the roof.
building, vehicle, tent etc
if you replace something that has been broken I'll replace the vase I broke as soon as
8 86 6 replace v rɪˈpleɪs
or stolen etc, you get a new one possible.
a piece of equipment, usually kept on a roof,
They are thinking of having solar panels on
8 86 3 solar panels n ˌsəʊlə ˈpænəl that collects and uses the sun's energy to heat
their roof.
water or make electricity
to put a piece of equipment somewhere and They've installed a new computer network at
8 86 3 installed v ɪnˈstɔːl
connect it so that it is ready to be used last.
44
Uni Part of
t Speech
The disease spread rapidly throughout
8 86 3 throughout adv θruːaʊt in every part of a particular area
Europe.
if something is energy-efficient, it works well
8 86 6 energy-efficient adj ɪˈfɪʃənt Lighting is now more energy efficient.
without wasting any energy
waste paper, cans etc that people have thrown People who drop litter can be fined in some
8 87 3 litter n lɪtə
away and left on the ground in a public place cities.
to limit or control the size, amount, or range of
8 87 3 restrict v riˈstrɪkt The new law restricts the sale of hand guns.
something
a type of animal that is kept as a pet or on a
8 88 1 breed n briːd Spaniels are my favourite breed of dog.
farm
a very large strong building, built in the past as
We visited Edinburgh Castle while we were
8 88 1 castle n ˈkɑːsəl a safe place that could be easily defended
on holiday.
against attack
a tall African animal with a very long neck and There is a wonderful giraffe sanctuary in
8 88 1 giraffe n dʒəˈrɑːf
legs and dark spots on its yellow-brown fur Nairobi, Kenya.
a large black and white Antarctic sea bird,
8 88 1 penguin n ˈpengwən which cannot fly but uses its wings for The children loved the penguins at the zoo.
swimming
a large area of a country or of the world, Flooding is likely in some coastal regions
8 88 1 region n ˈriːdʒən
usually without exact limits during the week.
a large heavy African or Asian animal with thick Suddenly a rhino charged out of the bush
8 88 1 rhino n ˈraɪnəʊ
skin and either one or two horns on its nose straight into our vehicle.
8 89 1 fall out with phrasal v ˈfɔː ˌaʊt wið to have a quarrel Carrie's always falling out with people.
a machine for forcing liquid or gas into or out of An Australian scientist has won the Dyson
8 89 2 pump n pʌmp
something prize for a new kind of pump.
a large area of land where it is always very dry,
8 89 2 desert n ˈdezət This area of the country is mostly desert.
and there is a lot of sand
an insect with a round hard back that is usually
8 89 2 beetle n ˈbiːtl The desert beetle inspired his invention.
black
when people vote to choose someone for an The Labour Party won the 2001 election by a
9 90 1 election n ɪˈlekʃən
official position huge majority.
food and other goods that are sold by a grocer
9 90 1 groceries n ˈgrəʊsəriz Have you ordered the groceries online yet?
or a supermarket
a married woman who works at home doing the
9 90 1 housewife n ˈhaʊswaɪf cooking, cleaning etc, but does not have a job Jenny is a housewife.
outside the house
a presidential candidate is someone who is
presidential What is the system for selecting a
9 90 1 adj ˌprezədenʃəl competing in an election to become the
candidate presidential candidate?
president
45
Uni Part of
t Speech
to look at something or someone for a long
9 90 1 staring v steə time without moving your eyes, for example She stared at me in disbelief.
because you are surprised, angry or bored
a machine that can move and do some of the
9 90 3 robots n ˈrəʊbɒt work of a person, and is usually controlled by a Most cars today are built by robots.
computer
Like most of my generation, I have never
9 91 4 generation n ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃən all people of about the same age
known a war.
a piece of computer software which does a We received training on a number of
9 91 8 application n ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən
particular job spreadsheet and database applications.
picture of a person or animal that represents
you on a computer screen, for example in Marc has a fire-breathing dragon as his
9 91 8 avatar n ˈævətɑː
some chat rooms or when you are playing avatar.
games over the internet
if a computer crashes, or if you crash the The system crashed and I lost three hours'
9 91 8 crash v kræʃ
computer, it suddenly stops working worth of work.
to move information or programs from a Many games can be downloaded free from
9 91 8 download v ˌdaʊnˈləʊd
computer network to a small computer the internet.
a television or part of a computer with a screen,
9 91 8 monitor n ˈmɒnɪtə She was staring at her computer monitor.
on which you can see pictures or information
a secret group of letters or number that you
Enter your password, then click on the
9 91 8 password n ˈpɑːswɜːd must type into a computer before you can use
'proceed' icon.
a system or program
to produce words, numbers or pictures on
9 91 8 print v prɪnt paper, using a machine which puts ink onto the The printer's switched on but it won’t print.
surface
the sets of programs that tell a computer how
9 91 8 software n ˈsɒftweə She loaded the new software.
to do a particular job
a set of instructions secretly put onto a
computer or computer program, which can
destroy information. When a computer that has
9 91 8 virus n ˈvaɪərəs a virus makes a connection with another We seem to have a virus in the computer.
computer, for example by email, the virus can
make copies of itself and move to the other
computer.
the sounds that you make when you speak, or
9 91 8 voice n vɔɪs He recognised her voice immediately.
the ability to make these sounds
money in the form of coin or notes rather than The shop charges less if the customer pays
9 92 2 cash n kæʃ
cheques, credit cards etc in cash.
46
Uni Part of
t Speech
a group of people who are similar in some way
In 2060 humans will be living in colonies on
9 92 2 colonie n ˈkɒləni and who live together, or the place where they
the moon.
live
an illness which affects a person, animal or
9 92 2 disease n dɪˈzɪːz She suffers from a rare disease of the brain.
plant
a fuel such as coal or oil that is produced by
Environmentalists would like to see fossil
9 92 2 fossil fuel n ˈfɒsəl ˌfjuːəl the very gradual decaying of animals or plants
fuels replaced by renewable energy sources.
over millions of years
the process of getting better at doing
making such Scientists are making such quick progress
9 92 2 n phrase meɪk ˈprəʊgres something, or getting closer to finishing or
quick progress these days.
achieving something
to organise or be in charge of an activity,
9 92 2 running v rʌn For a while, she ran a restaurant in Boston.
business, organisation or country
someone who always expects that bad things
9 92 6 pessimist n ˈpesəmɪst Don’t be such a pessimist.
will happen
someone who accepts that things are not
She has always been a realist, not a
9 92 6 realist n ˈrɪələst always perfect, and deals with problems or
dreamer.
difficult situations in a practical way
to use something as the thing from which Their relationship was based on mutual
9 94 3 based on v beɪs
something else is developed respect.
9 94 3 basic adj ˈbeɪsɪk at the simplest or least developed level The farm lacks even basic equipment.
a small piece of metal or a wire that is used to
The monkeys have electrodes implanted into
9 94 3 electrode n ɪˈlektrəʊd send electricity through a system or through a
their brains to measure their brain activity.
person's body
the method of trying to find the answer to There's a lot of guesswork in these
9 94 3 guesswork n ˈgeswɜːk
something by guessing calculations.
On the tour, everyone can have a go at
9 94 3 have a go n ˌhæv ə ˈgəʊ an attempt to do something
making a pot.
a special room or building in which a scientist We carried out some experiments in the
9 94 3 laboratory n ləˈbɒrətɔːri
does tests or prepares substances laboratory.
We were so excited to see real live
9 94 3 live adj laɪv nor dead or artificial
elephants.
a person who studies the nervous system and My brother is a research neurologist at the
9 94 3 neurologist n njʊˈrɒlədʒɪst
its diseases local hospital.
Scientists have observed a drop in ozone
9 94 3 observe v əbˈzɜːv to see and notice something
levels over the Antarctic.
to discover or explain exactly the real facts It's difficult to pinpoint the cause of the
9 94 3 pinpoint v ˈpɪnpɔɪnt
about something or the cause of a problem accident.
47
Uni Part of
t Speech
a natural or special ability or strength to do After the accident she lost the power of
9 94 3 power n ˈpaʊə
something speech.
a subject or job that you know a lot about or
9 94 3 speciality n ˌspeʃiˈælɪti Preston's speciality was night photography.
have a lot of experience of
the smallest part of a living thing that can exist Our brains are busy making connections
9 95 3 cells n sel
independently between different cells.
9 95 3 goes on phrasal v ˈgəʊ ɒn to happen I don’t know what's going on.
using or involving a lot of mental or physical To be successful in sport requires hard work
9 95 3 hard work adj hɑːd
effort and a great deal of determination.
A lot of high-level thinking goes on in the front
9 95 3 high-level adj ˌhaɪˈlevəl involving very technical or complicated ideas
part of our brains.
The human brain isn’t fully mature until about
9 95 3 mature adj məˈtʃʊə fully grown and developed
age 25.
9 95 3 picking up phrasal v ˈpɪk ʌp to learn something Agneta is good at picking up languages.
a particular way of thinking about or judging a I respect your point of view, but I'm not sure I
9 95 3 point of view n ˌpɔɪnt əv ˈvjuː
situation agree with you.
9 95 3 come in phrasal v ˈkʌm ɪŋ to prove to be This information could come in quite useful.
a possible future effect or result of an action, This election has profound implications for
9 95 3 implication n ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən
event, decision etc the future of US democracy.
to deal with, regard, or consider something in a Any complaint about safety standards must
9 95 3 treated v triːt
particular way be treated very seriously.
reasonable, practical, and showing good It's sensible to keep a note of your passport
9 95 4 sensible adj ˈsensəbəl
judgment number.
thin metal in the form of a thread, or a piece of A wire is used to send electricity through a
9 95 4 wire n waɪə
this body.
vending a machine that you can get chocolate, drinks The future of shopping is the vending
9 96 1 n ˈvendɪŋ məˌʃiːn
machine etc from by putting money in machine.
designed for or used by people who have a lot They're opening a new upmarket restaurant
9 96 2 upmarket adj ˌʌpˈmɑːkət
of money in the town centre.
as the result of a situation or action, and The door opened automatically as we
9 97 7 automatically adv ˌɔːtəˈmætɔkli
without you having to do anymore approached.
to become firm or stiff, or to make something It will take about 24 hours for the glue to
9 97 7 harden v ˈhɑːdn
firm or stiff harden.
the action of putting your arms around
9 97 7 hug n hʌg someone and holding them tightly to show love Paul gave me a big hug.
or friendship
48
Uni Part of
t Speech
an interactive computer program, television
system etc allows you to communicate directly The museum has got some wonderful
9 97 7 interactive adj ˌɪntərˈaktɪv
with it, and does things in reaction to your interactive exhibits.
actions
play an if something or someone plays a part in Health education will play an important part in
9 97 7 n phrase ˈpleɪ ə ˌpɑːt
important part something else, they are involved in it preparing us for old age.
smart machines, weapons, materials etc are
controlled by computers and are designed to These will be made from so-called ‘smart
9 97 7 smart materials adj smɑːt
react in a suitable way depending on the materials'.
situation
to force liquid out of a container so that it
9 97 7 spray v spreɪ comes out in a stream of very small drops and She sprayed herself with perfume.
covers an area
to start with is said to emphasise the first of a There are problems. To start with, neither of
9 97 7 to start with v phrase tə ˈstɑːt wɪð
list of facts or opinions you are stating us likes housework.
These will be made from so-called ‘smart
if something is wearable, it can be worn on the
9 97 7 wearable adj ˈweərəbəl materials’ that use something called wearable
body
technology.
new machines, equipment, and ways of doing
Modern technology makes moving money
9 97 7 technology n tekˈnɒlədʒi things that are based on modern knowledge
around much easier than it used to be.
about science and computers
someone who does an activity just for pleasure, Mickelson won his first major golf tournament
9 98 3 amateur adj ˈamətə
not as their job while still an amateur.
if you chill out, you relax completely instead of I spent the afternoon chilling out in front of
9 98 3 chill out v ˈtʃɪl aʊt
feeling angry, tired, or nervous the TV.
to make someone want to pay attention to
9 98 3 interest v ˈɪntrəst Here's an article which might interest you.
something and find out more about it
9 98 3 weekly adj ˈwiːkli happening or done every week The magazine is published weekly.
not showing any feelings of sympathy, Business letters do not have to be
9 98 4 impersonal adj ɪmˈpɜːsənəl
friendliness etc impersonal and formal.
a suggestion to someone that they should
recommendatio The report offers several recommendations
9 98 4 n ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃən choose a particular thing or person that you
n for changing the company structure.
think is very good
a short phrase used as a title for a small part Each section of the report has three
9 98 4 subheading n ˈsʌbˌhedɪŋ
within a longer piece of writing subheadings.
to make a short statement giving only the main
The authors summarise their views in the
9 98 4 summarise v ˈsʌməraɪz information and not the details of a plan, event,
introduction.
report etc
49
Uni Part of
t Speech
if someone or something appeals to you, they The idea of working abroad really appeals to
9 98 5 appeal to v əˈpiːl
seem attractive and interesting me.
to think of someone or something in a particular The school is considered to be one of the
9 98 5 it is considered v kənˈsɪdə
way best in the country.
to describe something in a general way, giving The new president outlined plans to deal with
9 98 5 outline v ˈaʊtlaɪn
the main points but not the details crime, drugs, and education.
to understand how good or useful someone or I'm not an expert, but I appreciate fine works
10 102 3 appreciated v əˈpriːʃieɪt
something is of art.
the situation in which people live or work,
10 102 3 condition n kənˈdɪʃən especially the physical things that affect the Conditions at the prison were really bad.
quality of their lives
making you believe that something is true or Courtenay played the role in an utterly
10 102 3 convincing adj kənˈvɪnsɪŋ
right convincing way.
Her novel has just been dramatised for
10 102 3 dramatised v ˈdræmətaɪz to make a book or event into a play or film
television.
feeling admiration and respect for something or We were very impressed by the standard of
10 102 3 impressed adj ɪmˈprest
someone work.
to have something in your mind as plan or
10 102 3 intended v ɪnˈtend I intended to spend the night there.
purpose
Some industries, such as shipbuilding, clearly
10 102 3 profited v ˈprɒfət to get money from doing something
profited from the war.
acrobatic movements involve moving your body There were also displays of parachuting and
10 103 3 acrobatic adj ˌækrəˈbætɪk
or a plane in a very skilful way acrobatic flying.
10 103 3 agile adj ˈædʒaɪl able to move quickly and easily Dogs are surprisingly agile.
We visited the Hot-air Balloon Festival in the
10 103 3 alpine adj ˈælpaɪn relating to the Alps or to mountains in general
Swiss alpine town of Chateau d’Oex.
a large bag of strong light cloth filled with gas
We took a balloon flight over the Yorkshire
10 103 3 hot-air balloons n bəˈluːn or heated air so that it can float in the air. It has
Moors.
a basket hanging below it for people to stand in
a piece of hard material such as wood or stone,
10 103 3 block n blɒk They cut blocks of ice from the river.
with straight sides
a type of dancing to popular music that involves The festival includes demonstrations of rap
10 103 3 break-dancing n ˈbreɪkˌdɑːnsɪŋ
a lot of jumping and rolling on the floor and break-dancing.
to show that an event or occasion is important It's Dad's birthday and we're going out for
10 103 3 celebrate v ˈseləbreɪt
by doing something special or enjoyable meal to celebrate.
to put something over or be over something in She covered her ears because the noise was
10 103 3 cover v ˈkʌvə
order to hide, close, or protect it so loud.
The dress is a stunning creation in green,
10 103 3 creation n kriˈeɪʃən something that has been created
gold, and white.
50
Uni Part of
t Speech
to be brave enough to do something that is
10 103 3 dared v deə He wanted to ask her, but he didn’t dare.
risky or that you are afraid to do
an act of explaining and showing how to do The festival includes demonstrations of rap,
10 103 3 demonstration n ˌdemənˈstreɪʃən
something or how something works break-dancing, and graffiti writing.
the public performance of something that is There were also displays of parachuting and
10 103 3 display n dɪˈspleɪ
intended to entertain people acrobatic flying.
Some of the most dramatic events in
10 103 3 dramatic adj drəˈmætɪk exciting or impressive
American history happened here.
a dress code is a set of rules that tell people There were plans to introduce a dress code
10 103 3 dress code n kəʊd
what to wear for civil servants.
a statement or way of saying something that
It would be an exaggeration to say that we
10 103 3 exaggeration n ɪgˌzædʒəˈreɪʃən makes something seem better, larger etc than it
were close friends.
really is
money that you spend on things such as travel, He sold some photographs which covered
10 103 3 expense n ɪkˈspensəz
hotels and food etc the cost of their expenses at the festival.
a children's story in which magical things When they are lit up with lights and lasers it’s
10 103 3 fairy tale n ˈfeəri teɪl
happen like something out of a fairy tale.
a part of something that you notice because it An important feature of Van Gogh's paintings
10 103 3 feature n ˈfiːtʃə
seems important, interesting, or typical is their bright colours.
10 103 3 feel like v fiːl to want to have something or do something He didn’t feel like going to work.
an occasion when there are performances of
She goes to the Glastonbury festival every
10 103 3 festival n ˈfestəvəl many films, plays, pieces of music etc, usually
year.
happening in the same place every year
There is no lovelier sight than dozens of
if something floats, it moves slowly through the
10 103 3 floating v fləʊt brightly coloured hot-air balloons floating
air or stays up in the air
through the sky.
rude, humorous, or political writing and pictures
10 103 3 graffiti n græˈfiːti The walls are covered in graffiti.
on the walls of buildings, train etc
the most important, interesting, or enjoyable
That weekend in Venice was definitely the
10 103 3 highlight n ˈhaɪlaɪt part of something such as a holiday,
highlight of our trip.
performance, or sports competition
a piece of equipment that produces a powerful
narrow beam of light that can be used in The ice sculptures were lit up with lights and
10 103 3 laser n ˈleɪzə
medical operations, to cut metals, or to make lasers.
patterns of light for entertainment
a lighted candle, match or torch etc is burning Each man carried a lighted torch, which was
10 103 3 lighted adj ˈlaitəd
at one end incredibly dramatic.
to give light to a place or to shine light on
10 103 3 lit up phrasal v ˈlait ʌp The fountain is lit up at night.
something
51
Uni Part of
t Speech
He wrote some great music, but the lyrics
10 103 3 lyric n ˈlɪrɪk the words of a song
weren't that good.
Her determination to take revenge slowly
10 103 3 melt away phrasal v ˈmelt əˌweɪ to gradually disappear
melted away.
the country, race, or type of family which
10 103 3 origin n ˈɒrədʒən Two thirds of the pupils are of Asian origin.
someone comes from
a public celebration when musical bands,
At around seven o’clock there was a parade
10 103 3 parade n pəˈreɪd brightly decorate vehicles etc move down the
of men dressed as Viking fighters.
street
As a keen photographer I had always wanted
someone who takes photographs, especially as
10 103 3 photographer n fəˈtɒgrəfə to go the annual International Hot-air Balloon
a professional or as an artist
Festival.
Most of the world's population doesn’t get
10 103 3 population n ˌpɒpjəˈleɪʃən all of the people who live in a particular area
enough to eat.
a line of people or vehicles moving slowly as They marched in procession to the Capitol
10 103 3 procession n prəˈseʃən
part of a ceremony building.
clothes that you wear, especially to parties, that
10 103 3 fancy dress n ˌfænsi ˈdres make you look like a famous person, a We're going to a fancy dress party tonight.
character from a story etc
type of popular music in which the words of a
10 103 3 rap n ræp song are not sung, but spoken in time to music He loves listening to rap music.
with a steady beat
10 103 3 sculptor n ˈskʌlptə someone who makes sculptures Henry Moore was a famous sculptor.
an object made out of stone, wood, clay etc by He bought an amazing sculpture of an
10 103 3 sculpture n ˈskulprʃə
an artist elephant while was on holiday.
10 103 3 spectator n spekˈteɪtə someone who is watching an event or game The match attracted over 40,000 spectators.
10 103 3 stood out phrasal v ˈstænd aʊt to be very easy to see or notice She always stood out in a crowd.
if something takes place, it happens, especially The next meeting will take place on
10 103 3 takes place n pleɪs
after being planned or arranged Thursday.
a long stick with burning material at one end Many people had the chance to carry the
10 103 3 torch n tɔːtʃ
that produces light Olympic Torch in 2012.
10 103 3 tried out phrasal v ˈtraɪ aʊt to learn or practise a skill He tried out graffiti writing for the first time.
a member of the group of Scandinavian people
who sailed in ships to attack areas along the The festival celebrates the island's Viking
10 103 3 Viking n ˈvaɪkɪŋ
coasts of northern and western Europe from history.
the 8th to 11th centuries
52
Uni Part of
t Speech
what a shame is used when you wish a
10 103 3 what a shame n ʃeɪm situation was different, and you feel sad and What a shame we missed the wedding.
disappointed
to make someone interested in something, or The balloons attracted a lot of attention for
10 103 5 attract attention v phrase əˌtrækt əˈtenʃən
make them want to take part in something many miles around.
a small container filled with powder that burns
There was a firework display after the
10 103 5 firework n ˈfaɪəwɜːk or explodes to produce coloured lights and
parade.
noise in the sky
Their motorboat struck a rock and quickly
10 104 2 sank v sɪŋk to go down below the surface of water, mud etc
sank.
something such as a prize or money given to
10 104 3 award n əˈwɔːd someone to reward them for something they The movie has won a number of awards.
have done
There were several experimental, amateur
10 104 3 experimental adj ɪkˌsperəˈmentl using new ideas or methods
shows at the festival.
art which shows objects, people, or the Fernando Botero is famous for his figurative
10 104 7 figurative adj ˈfɪgjərətɪv
countryside as they really look art.
a picture in a book, article etc, especially one
10 104 7 illustration n ˌiləˈstreɪʃən The book contains 62 pages of illustrations.
that helps you understand it
an occasion or party when you celebrate The show is a celebration of new young
10 105 1 celebration n ˌseləˈb reɪʃən
something talent.
when you visit famous or interesting places, She swam and sunbathed, went sightseeing,
10 106 1 sightseeing n ˈsaitˌsiːɪŋ
especially as tourists and relaxed.
to build something such as a house, bridge, The skyscrapers were constructed entirely of
10 106 2 constructed v kənˈstrʌkt
road etc concrete and glass.
feeling uncomfortable or nervous and worrying
about what people think of you, for example He looked embarrassed when I asked him
10 106 2 embarrassed adj ɪmˈbærəst
because you have made a silly mistake, or where he'd been.
because you have to talk or sing in public
10 106 2 emotional adj ɪˈməʊʃənəl making people have strong feelings The film was very emotional.
one of the foods that you use to make a
10 106 2 ingredient n ɪŋˈgfriːdiənt Combine all the ingredients in a large bowl.
particular food or dish
Henry looked up, then continued his
10 106 2 monologue n ˈmɒnəlɒg a long speech by one person
monologue.
at the place or on the area of land that you are
10 106 2 on-site adj ˈɒnˌsaɪt Accommodation is provided on-site.
talking about
a holiday organised by a company at a fixed They went on a package holiday to Tenerife
10 106 2 package holiday n ˌpækɪdʒ diːl
price that includes the cost of travel, hotel etc last year.
53
Uni Part of
t Speech
a record or film that has the same music or
10 106 2 remake n ˈrɪmeɪk They went to see the remake of 'Cape Fear'.
story as one that was made before
10 106 2 resort n riˌzɔːt a place where a lot of people go for holidays Lagoon Reef is one of the best resort hotels.
a copy of something that has been changed so
10 106 2 version n ˈvɜːʃən I preferred the original version of the film.
that it is slightly different
someone or something that is familiar is well-
10 106 3 familiar adj fəˈmɪliə The voice on the phone sounded familiar.
known to you and easy to recognise
His actions were completely mindless and
10 106 3 mindless adj ˈmaɪndləs completely stupid and without any purpose
upset everyone around him.
10 106 3 outstanding adj aʊtˈstændɪŋ extremely good His performance was outstanding.
a road, hill etc that is steep, slopes at a high
10 106 3 steep adj stiːp The road became rocky and steep.
angle
food that is tasty has a good taste, but is not She made a simple but tasty meal for the
10 106 3 tasty adj ˈteɪsti
sweet whole group.
10 106 4 paint v peɪnt to make a picture, design etc using paint Turner is famous for painting landscapes.
books, plays, poems etc that people think are He has read many of the major works of
10 107 1 literature n ˈlɪtərətʃə
important and good literature.
10 107 3 chopping v tʃɒp to cut something into smaller pieces Can you chop up some carrots for me?
the evening when the first public performance Everyone was very nervous just before the
10 107 4 first night n ˌfɜːst ˈnaɪt
of a show, play etc is given first night.
The restaurant has the best fusion cuisine
10 107 4 fusion n ˈfjuːʒən a combination of separate qualities or ideas
I've ever tasted.
a single, usually short , piece of news in a I also saw that news item in the Sunday
10 107 4 item n ˈaɪtəm
newspaper or magazine, or on television Times.
a long written story in which the characters and
10 107 4 novel n ˈnɒvəl I've just read the new Lee Child novel.
events are usually imaginary
a series of actions that are done in order to Getting fit again has been a long slow
10 107 4 process n ˈprəʊses
achieve a particular result process.
10 107 4 trainee n ˌtreɪˈniː someone who is being trained for a job The trainees start next week.
10 107 5 classical adj ˈklæsɪkəl belonging to a traditional style or set of ideas She wanted to study classical ballet.
a type of dancing where the dance and the
10 107 5 ballet n ˈbæleɪ She studied ballet as a child.
music tell a story
Barrington has composed the music for a
10 107 5 compose v kəmˈpəʊz to write a piece of music new production of 'A midsummer Night's
Dream'.
to stand in front of a group of musicians or The orchestra will be conducted by John
10 107 5 conduct v kənˈdʌkt
singers and direct their playing or singing Williams.
54
Uni Part of
t Speech
a large group of musicians playing many
She used to play the violin with the National
10 107 5 orchestra n ˈɔːkestrə different kinds of instruments and led by a
Youth Orchestra.
conductor
to try to persuade someone to do something by The new programme is designed to tempt
10 108 3 tempt v tempt
making it seem attractive young people into studying engineering.
a type of computer screen that you touch in
First you order your meals from a touch
10 108 3 touch screen n ˈtʌtʃ skriːn order to tell the computer what to do or to get
screen at your table.
information
an official document giving you permission to
10 108 6 licence n ˈlaɪsəns The dealer applied for an export licence.
own or do something for a period of time
a substance that can cause death or serious
10 108 6 poison n ˈpɔɪzən He swallowed some type of poison.
illness if you eat or drink it
do someone a something that you do for someone in order to Could you do me a favour and tell Kelly I
10 109 1 n phrase ˈfeɪvə
favour help them or be kind to them can't make it?
a silent request for something to happen as if She made a wish as blew out the candles on
10 109 1 make a wish n wɪʃ
by magic her birthday cake.
if you make an excuse, you give reasons which
His mother was always making excuses for
10 109 1 make an excuse n ɪkˈskjuːs try to explain why someone has made a
her son's behaviour.
mistake or behaved badly
if you make money, you make a profit or earn They made several hundred pounds from the
10 109 1 make money n ˈmʌni
money sale of their old furniture.
if you make the most of something, you get as
make the most We've only got one day in Paris, so we'd
10 109 1 v phrase ˌmeɪk ðə ˈməʊst əv much advantage as you can from a situation
of a situation better make the most of it.
while you are able to
if you make trouble, you cause problems or He was always making trouble for the
10 109 1 make trouble n ˈtrʌbəl
difficulties teacher.
a small green animal that lives near water and
10 110 3 frog n frɒg One of her favourite songs is about a frog.
has long legs for jumping
if a ball or other object bounces, or you bounce
The ball bounced off the post and into the
10 109 4 bounced v baʊns it, it immediately moves up or away from a
goal.
surface after hitting it
One actor described the time that her dress
10 109 4 doorframe n ˈdɔːfre~ɪm the frame that supports a door got caught on the doorframe just as she was
going on stage.
10 109 4 horrified adj ˈhɒrəffaɪd feeling very shocked and upset or afraid Henry was horrified by what had happened.
She needs to get a new mattress because
10 109 4 mattress n ˈmætrəs the soft part of a bed that you lie on
hers is rather old now.
55
Uni Part of
t Speech
the natural features of a particular part of a
The best part of the trip was the fantastic
10 109 4 scenery n ˈsiːnəri country that you can see, such as mountains,
scenery.
forests, deserts etc
The stage hands had put down so many
someone who works on a theatre stage, getting
10 109 4 stage hand n ˈsteɪdʒhænd mattresses that they created a kind of
it ready for a play or for the next part of a play
trampoline.
a tragic event or situation makes you feel very
The parents were not to blame for the tragic
10 109 4 tragic adj ˈtrædʒɪk sad, especially because it involves death or
death of their son.
suffering
a woman who is the main character in a book, A large opera singer was playing the tragic
10 109 4 heroine n ˈherəʊɪn
film, play etc heroine.
a piece of equipment that you jump up and
down on as a sport. It consists of a metal
10 109 4 trampoline n ˈtræmpəliːn The kids love going on the trampoline.
frame with a piece of strong cloth stretched
tightly over it.
to make someone or something less powerful Over the last two years the president's
10 109 5 weaken v ˈwiːkən
or less important, or to become less powerful positions has weakened.
to become less hard or rough, or make
10 109 5 soften v ˈsɒfən Use moisturiser to soften your skin.
something less hard or rough
to become stronger or make something Our friendship has steadily strengthened over
10 109 5 strengthen v ˈstreŋθən
stronger the years.
to reduce the weight of something, or to We need to lighten our luggage or we'll have
10 109 5 lighten v ˈlaɪtən
become less heavy to pay for excess baggage.
if an experience or activity is fun-packed, it is The Festival is a fun-packed day with lots of
10 110 3 fun-packed adj ˈfʌnpækt
full of very enjoyable and exciting things singing, dancing and eating!
the time when crops are gathered from the
10 110 3 harvest n ˈhɑːvəst It rained for the potato harvest.
fields, or the act of gathering them
Then there is a big traditional meal with
a soft red juicy fruit with small seeds on its
10 110 3 strawberry n ˈstrɔːbəri different sorts of fish, new potatoes and fresh
surface, or the plant that grows this fruit
strawberries.
We want more participation in the decision-
10 110 4 participation n paːˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən the act of taking part in an activity or event
making.
showing that you think someone or something
11 112 3 disapproving adj ˌdɪsəˈpruːvɪŋ She looked at him with a disapproving stare.
is bad or wrong
to treat someone unfairly by asking them to do
Homeworkers can easily be exploited by
11 112 3 exploit v ɪkˈsplɔɪt things for you, but giving them very little in
employers.
return
baggy clothes are big and do not fit tightly on
11 113 6 baggy adj ˈbægi She was wearing jeans and a baggy T-shirt.
your body
56
Uni Part of
t Speech
She bought a new dress with a flowery
11 113 6 flowery adj ˈflaʊəri decorated with a pattern of flowers
pattern.
11 113 6 striped adj straɪpt having lines or bands of colour He liked the blue and white striped shirt.
cloth or thread made from the white hair of the
11 113 6 cotton n ˈkɒtn This shirt is made from 100% cotton.
cotton plant
having small round marks of a different colour She looked good in the red and white spotted
11 113 6 spotted adj ˈspɒtəd
on the surface blouse.
He like wearing a loose sweatshirt and baggy
loose clothes are big and do not fit your body
11 113 6 loose adj luːs tracksuit trousers when he got back from
tightly
work.
tight clothes fit your body very closely, My shoes were so tight that I could hardly
11 113 6 tight adj tait
especially in a way that is uncomfortable walk.
The uniform consisted of a plain white blouse
11 113 6 plain adj pleɪn without anything added or without decoration
and black skirt.
a thin smooth soft cloth made from very thin
11 113 6 silk adj sɪlk It was a beautiful red dress in raw silk.
thread which is produced by a silkworm
a short-sleeved jacket or shirt is one where the In the summer, the policemen can wear
11 113 6 short-sleeved adj ˈshɔːt sliːvd
sleeves don’t cover all of the arm short-sleeved shirts.
influenced by the most fashionable styles and
11 113 8 trendy adj ˈtrendi She works in a trendy restaurant.
ideas
11 113 8 unfashionable adj ʌnˈfæʃənəbəl not popular or fashionable at the present time She didn’t want to look unfashionable.
the small piece of cloth attached to a piece of
Fancy designer labels tend to come with
11 113 8 label n ˈleɪbəl clothing which has the name of the designer or
fancy price tags to match.
maker
a soft heavy grey metal that melts easily and is
poisonous, used to cover roofs, or in the past, They used to put lead in the white makeup of
11 114 3 lead n led
for water pipes. It is a chemical element: the Elizabethan era.
symbol Pb
behaviour or actions that deliberately cause The children had suffered cruelty and
11 115 5 cruelty n ˈkruːəlti
pain to people or animals neglect.
11 115 5 cruel adj ˈkyuːəl making someone suffer or feel unhappy Sometimes life seems unbearably cruel.
a track with very steep slopes and curves,
The children loved going on the roller
11 116 1 roller coaster n ˈrəʊlə ˌkəʊstə which people ride on in small carriages at fairs
coaster.
and amusement parks
There is an element of truth in your
11 116 2 element n ˈeləmənt an amount, usually small, of a quality or feeling
argument.
57
Uni Part of
t Speech
if someone shakes, or part of their body
shakes, they make small sudden movements Before I go on the roller coaster I shake like a
11 116 2 shake v ʃeɪk
from side to side or up and down, especially leaf.
because they are very frightened, cold or ill etc
someone who is very interested in a particular
11 116 2 enthusiast n ɪnˈθjuːziæst My sister is a keep-fit enthusiast.
activity or subject
the force that causes something to fall to the The first ‘switchback’ (up and down) gravity
11 116 2 gravity n ˈgrævəti
ground or to be attracted to another planet railway was built in 1827.
to put something in the opposite position to the
Nemesis was Europe’s first inverted roller
11 116 2 inverted adj ɪnˈvɜːtəd one it was in before, especially by turning it
coaster.
upside down
Almost half the group had previously been
11 116 2 previously adv ˈpriːviəsli before now or before a particular time
heavy smokers.
a large structure with steps leading to the top of
The children were playing on the slide in the
11 116 2 slide n slaɪd a long sloping surface that children can slide
park.
down
an unusual image or sound that has been
John Wardley was once a designer of special
11 116 2 special effect n ˌspeʃəl ɪˈfekts produced artificially to be used in a film or
effects for James Bond films.
television programme
a road that goes up and down steep slopes and The first ‘switchback’ gravity railway was built
11 116 2 switchback n ˈseɪtʃbæk
around sharp bends in 1827.
a sudden strong feeling of excitement and Wining first place must have been quite a
11 116 2 thrill n θrɪl
pleasure, or the thing that makes you feel this thrill.
doing things that are dangerous because you In the afternoons, thrill-seeking passengers
11 116 2 thrill-seeking adj ˈθrilsɪːkɪŋ
like the feeling of excitement it gives you paid 50 cents a ride.
better, bigger, worse etc than all other things or The Rolling Stones are the ultimate rock and
11 116 2 ultimate adj ˈʌltəmət
people of the same kind roll band.
pointing up in a line that forms an angle of 90º These included both Nemesis and Oblivion
11 116 2 vertical adj ˈvɜːtɪkəl
with a flat surface which is the first vertical drop roller coaster.
the sound of many people hitting their hands
She got a round of applause when she
11 117 2 applause n əˈplɔːz together and shouting to show that they have
finished.
enjoyed something
a length of metal or wood put across a door,
There was a bar across the door of the old
11 117 2 bar n bɑː window etc to keep it shut or to prevent people
house.
going in or out
fierce cold, heat, or weather is much colder,
11 117 2 fierce adj fɪəs There was a fierce wind blowing that day.
hotter etc than usual.
a haunted building is believed to be visited Many people believed that the forest was
11 117 2 haunted adj ˈhɔːntəd
regularly by the soul of a dead person haunted.
58
Uni Part of
t Speech
the place where something is or where
11 117 2 setting n ˈsetɪŋ something happens, and the general Our holiday cottage is in a beautiful setting.
environment
a passage that has been dug under the ground The Channel Tunnel was built beneath the
11 117 2 tunnel n ˈtʌnl
for cars, trains etc to go through English Channel to link France and England.
At the back, two ride operators press the ‘on
someone who operates a machine or piece of
11 117 3 operator n ˈɒpəreɪtə buttons’ and our car begins to slide slowly up
equipment
a hill.
a large machine that people ride on for fun at a
11 117 3 ride n raɪd We went on loads of rides.
fair or theme park
to make a very high loud sound, especially
They were dragged from their homes,
11 117 3 shrieking v ʃriːk because you are afraid, angry or excited, or in
shrieking and crying.
pain
to turn around and around very quickly, or to
11 117 3 spin v spɪn The plane's propellers were spinning.
make something do this
impossible to explain by natural causes, and
Her mother is an amateur supernatural
11 117 3 supernatural adj ˌsuːpəˈnætʃərəl therefore seeming to involve the powers of god
investigator.
or magic
to speak or say something very quietly, using You don’t have to whisper. No one can hear
11 117 3 whisper v ˈwɪspə
your breath rather than your voice us.
to make a loud high noise with your voice After the first few shots, people started
11 117 3 screaming v skriːm
because you are hurt, frightened excited etc screaming.
Use low lighting to give the room a romantic
11 118 2 low adj ləʊ a light that is low is not bright
atmosphere.
11 119 3 at random adj ˈrʊndəm without any definite plan, aim or pattern The gang picked their victims at random.
facts or signs that show clearly that something At present we have no evidence of life on
12 122 4 evidence n ˈevədəns
exists or is true other planets.
to change something because of new The college has revised its plans because of
12 122 4 revise v rɪˈvaɪz
information or ideas local objections.
your opinion or ideas about something or your The Administration's thinking changed as the
12 122 4 thinking n ˈθɪŋkɪŋ
attitude towards it war progressed.
giving people the feeling of excitement and a King was a great orator and an inspiring
12 123 4 inspiring adj ɪnˈspaɪərɪn
desire to do something great leader.
A lot of girls are put off a career in science
if you feel out of place, you feel uncomfortable
12 123 4 out of place n pleɪs because they feel uncomfortable and out of
and as if you do not belong there
place.
if you are put off something, you are made to Don’t let your failures put you off trying
12 123 4 put off phrasal v ˈpʊt ɒf
dislike something or not want to do it harder.
12 123 4 cute adj kjuːt very pretty or attractive The baby's so cute.
59
Uni Part of
t Speech
12 123 4 delightful adj dɪˈlaɪtfəl very pleasant The whole house is delightful.
a system of words, letters, or symbols that you
use instead of ordinary writing, so that the They didn’t realise that we'd broken their
12 123 4 code n kəʊd
information can only be understood by secret code.
someone else who knows the system
if you have an open mind, you deliberately do
It's important to keep an open mind as you
12 123 4 open mind adj ˈəʊpən maɪnd not make a decision or form a definite opinion
study the topic.
about something
the idea that people should treat animals well,
Bill has been involved in the animal rights
12 123 4 animal rights n ˌænəməl ˈraits and especially not use them in tests to develop
movement for years.
medicines or other products
Jane Goodall was given the opportunity to
the scientific study of people, their societies,
12 123 4 anthropologist n ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒəst work for anthropologist Louis Leakey in
cultures etc
Africa.
an animal that is similar to a monkey but has She has dedicated her life to the protection of
12 123 4 ape n eɪp
no tail or only a very short tail wild apes.
someone whose job is to make scientific
12 123 4 botanist n ˈbɒtənəst Her early ambition was to be a botanist.
studies of wild plants
an intelligent African animal that is like a large An important part of Jane’s work was
12 123 4 chimpanzee n ˌtʃɪmpænˈziː
monkey without a tail studying chimpanzees.
the part of your mind that tells you whether It was his guilty conscience that made him
12 123 4 conscience n ˈkɒnʃəns
what you are doing is morally right or wrong offer to help.
to give all your attention and effort to one The actress now dedicates herself to
12 123 4 dedicated v ˈdedəkeɪt
particular thing children's charity work.
a shape consisting of two parallel spirals that
It was her first X-ray images that led to the
12 123 4 double helix n ˌdʌbəl ˈˈhiːlɪks twist around the same centre, found especially
discovery of the double helix structure.
in the structure of DNA
the way in which the parts of something are
A new management structure has been
12 123 4 structure n ˈstrʌktyʃə connected with each other and form a whole, or
introduced.
the thing that these parts make up
(deoxyribonucleic acid) a substance that
A DNA test showed that he was not the
12 123 4 DNA n ˌdiː en ˈeɪ carries genetic information in the cells of the
baby's father.
body
12 123 4 ambition n æmˈbɪʃən a strong desire to achieve something She had always had an ambition to be a pilot.
the act of starting an organisation, relationship, This led to the establishment of the
12 123 4 establishment n ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt
or system Manhattan Project.
a fierce person or animal is angry or ready to
12 123 4 fierce adj fɪəs She turned round, looking very fierce.
attack, and looks very frightening
60
Uni Part of
t Speech
He gained a reputation for being very fair-
12 123 4 gained v geɪn to obtain or achieve something
minded.
the opinion that people have about someone or
Judge Kelso has a reputation for being strict
12 123 4 reputation n ˌrepjəˈteɪʃən something because of what has happened in
but fair.
the past
The grassland is an important habitat for
12 123 4 habitat n ˈhæbətæt the natural home of a plant or animal
many wild flowers.
12 123 4 initially adv ɪˈnɪʃəli at the beginning Stan initially wanted to go to medical school.
if you lead a particular kind of life, that is what If the operation succeeds, Carly will be able
12 123 4 lead v liːd
your life is like to lead a normal life.
the splitting of the nucleus of an atom which She went on to do exciting work on nuclear
12 123 4 nuclear fission n ˌnjuːkliə ˈfɪʃən
results in a lot of power being produced fission.
a scientist who has special knowledge and She worked with physicist Otto Hahn in
12 123 4 physicist n ˈfɪzəsəst
training in physics Berlin.
a heavy white metal that is radioactive and is
12 123 4 uranium n jʊˈreɪniəm used to produce nuclear power and nuclear She managed to split the uranium atom.
weapons. It is a chemical element: symbol U
the smallest part of an element that can exist
Unfortunately splitting the atom led to the
12 123 4 atom n ˈætəm alone or can combine with other substances to
development of the atom bomb.
form a molecule
someone who supports a particular person, Jane became a passionate supporter of
12 123 4 supporter n səˈpɔːtə
group or plan animal rights.
12 123 4 tiny adj ˈtaɪni extremely small She worked in a tiny room.
a piece of furniture with doors, and sometimes
12 123 4 cupboard n ˈkʌbəd shelves, used for storing clothes, plates, food The cupboard doors were open.
etc
something that you hold in your hand and use I don’t have the right tools to start fiddling
12 123 4 tool n tuːl
to do a particular job around with the engine.
They offered her the job but she turned it
12 123 4 turned down phrasal v ˈtɜːn daʊn to refuse an offer, request, or invitation
down.
to do something after you have finished doing She went on to become a successful
12 123 4 went on to phrasal v ˈgəʊ ɒn
something else surgeon.
12 123 4 widely adv ˈwaɪdli by a lot of people or in a lot of places The view is not widely held.
to respect and like someone because they
12 123 4 admired v ədˈmaɪə His work is admired by many of his peers.
have done something that you think is good
a woman who is supposed to have magic One colleague used to call her ‘Rosy the
12 123 4 witch n witʃ
powers witch!’
61
Uni Part of
t Speech
a beam of radiation that can go through solid
She fell over and had to have an x-ray of her
12 123 4 x-ray n eksˈreɪ objects and is used for photographing the
leg to see if it was broken.
inside of the body
something that you give or do in order to help Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his
12 123 4 contribution n ˌkɒntrəˈbjuːʃən
something be successful contribution to Quantum Theory.
if something is fully recognised by people, they Alexander tried to get his work fully
12 123 4 recognised v ˈrekəgnaɪz
realise that it is important or very good recognised by the medical profession.
a proposed change, plan, development etc is
The document supplies details of the
12 123 4 proposed adj preˈpəʊzd one that has been formally suggested to an
proposed changes.
official person or group
the order that something happens or exists in, Be careful to perform the actions in the
12 123 4 sequence n ˈsiːkwəns
or the order it is supposed to happen or exist in correct sequence.
approval or praise that you give someone for
12 123 4 took the credit n ˈkredət John took the credit for the idea.
something they have done
someone whose job is to design or build
12 124 2 engineer n ˌendʒəˈnɪə He trained as a civil engineer.
roads, bridges, machines etc
a very short electric wave that is used in
microwave He was studying microwave signals used in
12 124 2 n ˈmaɪrəweɪv cooking food and sending messages by radio
signal radar.
and in radar
a series of light waves, sound waves etc that
This new pay-TV channel sends signals via
12 124 2 signal n ˈsɪgnəl carry an image, sound or message, for
satellite to cable companies.
example in radio or television
a kind of corn that swells and bursts open when
He did lots more tests on eggs and popcorn
12 124 2 popcorn n ˈpɒpkɔːn heated, and is usually eaten warm with salt or
etc.
sugar as a snack
a piece of equipment that uses radio waves to
The coastline can now be monitored by
12 124 2 radar n ˈreidɑː find the position of things and watch their
radar.
movement
if something solid melts or if heats melts it, it It is warmer now, and the snow is beginning
12 124 4 melted v melt
becomes liquid to melt.
to meet, find, or discover someone or
12 125 9 came across phrasal v ˈkʌm əˌkrɒs I came across an old diary in her desk.
something by chance
a hard black mineral which is dug out of the
12 125 9 coal n kəʊl The country has very little coal mining now.
ground and burnt to produce heat
if a problem or difficulty comes up, it appears or
12 125 9 come up phrasal v ˈkʌm ʌp The same problems come up every time.
starts to affect you
if an agreement, plan, sale etc falls through, it The studio planned to make a movie of the
12 125 9 fallen through phrasal v ˈfɔːl θruː
is not completed successfully book but the deal fell through.
62
Uni Part of
t Speech
to tell someone something that you should He gave away as little information as
12 125 9 giving away phrasal v ˈgɪv əˌwei
keep secret possible.
I got tired of him going on about all his
12 125 9 going on about phrasal v ˈgəʊ ɒn əˌbaʊt to talk too much, often in a critical way
problems.
if a situation keeps up, it continues without
12 125 9 keeping up with phrasal v ˈkɪːp ʌp How long can the economic boom keep up?
stopping or changing
to try to find out the truth about a problem, Police are looking into the disappearance of
12 125 9 looking into phrasal v ˈlʊk ˌɪntʊː
crime etc in order to solve it two children.
a gas that you cannot see or smell, which can Methane is one of the principal gases
12 125 9 methane n ˈmiːθeɪn
be burned to give heat contributing to the greenhouse effect.
something that is potentially dangerous is not
12 125 9 potentially adv pəˈtenʃəli dangerous now, but may become so in the This is a potentially dangerous situation.
future
What's required is a complete reorganisation
12 125 9 require v rɪˈkwaɪə to need something
of the system.
to decay by a gradual natural process, or to There was a pile of rotting vegetables outside
12 125 9 rotting v rɒt
make something do this the door.
to prevent something such as gas or water
12 125 9 trap v træp Solar panels trap the sun's heat.
from getting away
a series of number or letters that represent a
12 126 1 formula n ˈfɔːmjələ What's the formula for calculating distance?
mathematical or scientific rule
12 126 3 participate v pɑːˈtɪsəpeɪt to take part in an activity or event Some members refused to participate.
This week's magazine has some tips on
12 126 3 tip n tɪp a helpful piece of advice
healthy eating.
serious study of a subject, in order to discover A lot of research has been done into the
12 125 9 research n rɪˈsɜːtʃ
new facts or test new ideas causes of cancer.
knowledge or skill that you gain from doing a
12 126 3 experience n ɪkˈspɪərɪəns You've got a lot of experience of lecturing.
job or activity, or the process of doing this
They've come up with a great idea to solve
12 127 4 come up with phrasal v ˈkʌm ʌp wɪð to think of an idea, answer etc
the problem.
to carry out a particular activity or process,
Scientists have conducted many
12 127 4 conduct v kənˈdʌkt especially in order to get information or prove
experiments.
facts
to write information down or store it in a
Her husband made her record every penny
12 127 4 record v rɪˈkɔːd computer on film so that it can be looked at in
she spent.
the future
12 127 5 biology n baɪˈɒlədʒi the scientific study of living things She got a degree in biology.
63
Uni Part of
t Speech
the science that is concerned with studying the
12 127 5 chemistry n ˈkeməstri structure of substances and the way that they His favourite subject is chemistry.
change or combine with each other
the way in which plants, animals, and people
12 127 5 ecology n ɪˈkɒlədʒi are related to each other and to their He studied ecology at university.
environment, or the scientific study of this
information about something that is written
12 127 5 keep records n phrase kiːp ˈrekɔːdz down or stored on computer, film etc so that it I try to keep a record of everything I spend.
can be looked at in the future
12 127 5 meteorology n ˌmiːtiərɒlədʒi the scientific study of weather conditions Meteorology is a fascinating subject to study.
the science concerned with the study of
12 127 5 physics n ˈfɪzɪks physical objects and substances and of natural Did you study physics at school?
forces such as light, heat, and movement
an important social or religious event, when a
I enjoyed the opening ceremony of the
12 128 2 ceremony n ˈserəməni traditional set of actions is performed in a
Olympic Games.
formal way
a slow-moving land animal that can pull its
12 128 2 tortoise n ˈtɔːtəs head and legs into the hard round shell that She used to have a pet tortoise.
covers its body
a green strong-tasting Japanese food, which is
12 128 2 wasabi n wəˈsɑːbi added to sushi and other foods in small Personally I don’t like wasabi.
amounts
to open your mouth wide and breathe in deeply
12 128 2 yawn v jɔːn Alan stretched and yawned.
because you are tired or bored
an advantage, improvement, or help that you I've never had the benefit of a university
12 130 1 benefit n ˈbenəfɪt
get from something education.
a plant such as wheat, rice, or fruit that is
12 130 1 crop n krɒp These crops are grown for export.
grown by farmers and used as food
causing a lot of disagreement, because many
12 130 3 controversial adj ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃəl people have strong opinions about the subject He is a controversial figure in the art world.
being discussed
64

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