TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DUY TÂN

KHOA NGOẠI NGỮ

BỘ MÔN: ANH VĂN KHÔNG CHUYÊN

GIÁO TRÌNH

SPEAKING LEVEL 4

LƯU HÀNH NỘI BỘ

Đà Nẵng, năm 2015

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Table of contents

Lesson 1: Consolidation of Part 2,3 & 4

Lesson 2: Set phrases for Offering Solutions

Lesson 3: Practice Proposing a Solution

Lesson 4: Using Contrasts and Conjunctions in Expressing Opinions

Lesson 5: Introducing Support

Lesson 6: Supporting your Opinions

Lesson 7: Concluding your Opinions

Lesson 8: Practice Expressing your Opinions – Topics related to Companies

Lesson 9: Practice Expressing your Opinions – Topics related to Parents and Children

Lesson 10: Practice Expressing your Opinions – Other topics

Lesson 11 & 12: Model Test 1

Lesson 13 & 14: Model Test 2

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 LESSON 1: CONSOLIDATION OF PART 2, 3 & 4

6 STEPS TO DESCRIBE A PICTURE

1. Determine the way to describe: describe from the main person / thing first
then the surroundings.
Make a rough guess on what the picture is about. (the main object or focus of
the picture)
2. Find out useful words /phrases
e.g: family, preparing for a meal, standing around the table, cutting the turkey, smiling,
looking at, glasses of wine, various dishes, brick wall
3.   Talk about the picture generally: maybe the location or the situation of the
picture.
Start describing from the background to the foreground, and from the left
hand side to the right.
Useful Expressions}
-in the fore/background
-in front of ~ / at the back of ~
-on the left/right hand side
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 -on the upper/lower left/right corner
e.g.
This is a picture of a family preparing for a meal in a dining room.
It looks like a picture of a family gathering for a holiday dinner.
4.   Describe from the main person / thing
e.g.
The mother is standing up *1cutting a big turkey with a knife and fork.
*2
On either side of the mother, her husband and daughter are smiling and
looking at the turkey.
*1
 Using participle phrases to describe. (using this method for picture with lots of
actions)
e.g.
The girl is sitting down waiting to begin her meal.
*2
 Using prepositions
A man is standing next to her looking at the turkey.
5. Describe other things around
Imagine your answer based on the information in the picture.
{Useful Expressions}
-looks like ~
-appears to ~
-probably / could be / may be ~ because /due to the fact that
e.g.
There are a lot of dishes and glasses of wine on the table in the middle of the dining
room.
Also, I can see some wooden shelves and a brick wall in the background.
6.   Finish the description with your own opinions
e.g.
Overall, everyone looks happy and the mood seems light.
From the picture, I can tell they‘re celebrating Thanksgiving Day.

PRACTICE:
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DIRECTION:  In question 3 you will be asked to describe a picture. You need to provide as
many details about the picture as you can in the time allowed. Describe the basic picture and then
break down the details in a logical manner.

1.

2.

3. 4.

4
5. 6.

7. 8.

5
9.   10.

PART 3 : RESPONDING TO QUESTIONS

DIRECTION: This section of the test evaluates examinees' ability to form relevant and complete
ideas related to the test content (in addition to the skills found at questions 1 - 3). Examinees will
answer three questions based on a scenario (2 short and 1 long). There will be no time to prepare
answers. Examinees have 15 seconds to answer questions 4 and 5 and 30 seconds for question 6.

Situtation 1:
 A fitness center is doing a research in your area.  You have agreed to participate in an interview
about exercise.  Do you work out regularly?
 
[Question 4] Why do you exercise?
[Question 5] What else do you do other than exercise?
[Question 6] What do you think of the benefits of doing exercise?

 Situtation 2:

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Imagine that you are participating in a shoe store survey.

[Question 4] What kind of shoes do you like?

[Question 5] Do you consider comfort or style?
[Question 6] Is there a specific brand that you like?

 Situtation 3:
A Hollywood advertising agency is collecting information about movie viewing habits.
You are answering their questions about watching movies over the telephone. 

Question 4: How often do you watch movies?

Question 5: What kind of movie do you usually watch?
Question 6: Describe your favorite kind of movie?

 Situtation 4:
Imagine that a North American marketing firm is doing  research in your country. You have
agreed to participate  in a telephone interview about movies.

Question 4: When and where did you last watch a movie?

Question 5: What are your favourite kinds of movies?
Question 6: How important is it to monitor the movies that children watch and why?

 Situtation 5:
A clothing line asked you to participate in an interview about the kind of fashion you usually use
at your workplace or school.

Question 4: What do the people usually wear at your workplace or school?

Question 5: How often do you purchase new clothes to wear at work or school?
Question 6: What makes a clothing store a good clothing store?

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Situtation 6:
Imagine that a Canadian marketing firm is doing research in your country. You have agreed to
participate in a telephone interview about television viewing. 

Question 4: How often do you watch television?

Question 5: What kinds of programs do you usually watch?
Question 6:  Describe your favorite television program.

Situtation 7:
Imagine that a North American marketing firm is doing research in your country. You have
agreed to participate in a telephone interview about movies.

Question 4: When and where did you last watch a movie?

Question 5: What are your favorite kinds of movies?
Question 6: How important is it to monitor the movies that children watch and why?

Situtation 8:
Imagine that a British marketing firm is doing a research in your country.  you have agreed to
participate in a telephone interview about eating.

Question 4: What is your favorite food?

Question 5: How often do you eat in a day?
Question 6: Describe the typical meal you would have for dinner.

Situtation 9:
A student training in the hospitality sector is gathering information from the public for a term
paper. Assist him by answering his questions.
 
 
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Questions
4:  How many vacations from work do you take that are a week or more in length?
5.  Do you have a place you go to regularly for a holiday?
6.  Tell me about the best vacation you have ever had. 

Situtation 10:
Scenario:
A student training to be a teacher is applying for a job at the local library. Assist the student by
answering her questions.

Question 4. Why do you want to work at the library?

Question 5. How will you balance working and studying?
Question 6. What will you do if we hire you and you don't end up liking the job?
 
PART 4 : RESPONDING TO QUESTIONS USING PROVIDED INFORMATION

DIRECTION:  Respond to questions using information provided. This part will check how well
the student can respond to three related questions using the given information. This part consists
of questions 6,7, and 8. You will have 15 seconds for question 7, 8 and 30 seconds for question
9.  Here are the criteria for testers
 
• pronunciation
• Intonation and stress
• grammar
• vocabulary
• cohesion
• relevance of content
 

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TEXT 1: 
 

Normandy Department Store Sale Items

Name                                  Original                    Price Sale               
Double layer mini -dress          $310.00                      $123.90
Tricolor mini -dress                  $288.00                      $169.90
Silk knit dress                           $290.00                      $98.20
Floral mini dress                      $298.00                      $178.80
Dot dress                                 $425.00                      $178.80
 
Sale starts September 9 at 10:30 am

Narrator:
Hello, I was shopping online and noticed that a sale is coming up shortly.
Could you send me the list of sale items with the price? 

[Question7] What items are mainly on sale?

[Question8] Are pants also on sale?
[Question9] My shopping budget is four hundred fifty dollars. What can I purchase with this
budget?

TEXT 2: 

 Memorandum
To: Supervisors
From: Judy Linquiest, Human Resource Manager
Sub: Probation periods
As of January 1st all new employees will be subject to a 3 month probationary period. Medical,
holiday, and flextime benefits will not apply to new staff members until the full 3 months have
expired. After the three months have been completed, please contact your employees and inform

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them that their probationary period has ended. The HR department will contact you by email 2
days in advance to remind you of the date. Thank you for your cooperation.

Question 7: What is the main purpose of this memo?

Question 8: When does the change come into effect?
Question 9: How will the HR department contact you?

TEXT 3: 
 (Narrator): Hello, I'm calling to ask about an advertisement for a business seminar on March 1
that I saw in the newspaper.

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It's about maintaining good relations with your customers.
I would like to get some information about the seminar.

 
Question 7: What is the cost of attendance?
Question 8: Can you please tell me when the seminars start and finish?
Question 9: I may be somewhat late in the morning. Can you please tell me about the morning
seminars?
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TEXT 4: 

JOB OPENINGS:

Part-time jobs available at Margate Hotel near shopping center. 

Kitchen staff, waiters, bellhops, drivers needed. 
Wages range from  $10 to $12 per hour. 
Four further information, call the assistant manager at 555-0174.

Question 7: What is the advertisement for?

Question 8: What kind of jobs do they offer?
Question 9: What should you do to get more details?

TEXT 5: 

FREE SUNGLASSES  AND CASE

Purchase a 12 month subscription to Vacation the Nation today and receive a free pair of Sunnies
Sunglasses with your very own soft leather case.* To get your free Sunnies follow these 3 easy
steps. 
1. Purchase a copy of Vacation the Nation, New York's #1 Travel magazine.
2. Fill out the application card (found in the center of the magazine)
3. Mail the card and $21. 95 US to the address provided

*This is a limited time offer only. Application and funds must be received no later than Dec 1st
2004. Canadian residents should add $3 US for shipping. Offer not available for residents outside
of North America.

Question 7: What is this advertisement for?

Question 8:.How much do the sunglasses cost?
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Question 9: Who cannot benefit from this special deal?

TEXT 6: 

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Question 7: When will be the volunteers from the local Cancer Research Society collecting
donations? 
Question 8: Where will they be collecting the items at 2- 4 PM?
Question 9: What kind of items can each individual  donate? Why?

TEXT 7: 

Are you setting up a small business? Worried about the costs of renting office space and
employing the right people?

Rebus Virtual Office World can help you. With our Basic Office Deal, we can set up a virtual
office for you practically overnight.

We will give your business a professional image and our polite, friendly staff will handle your
calls and present your business in the best possible way. We can provide you with: a professional
business address, a local phone number and we will also handle mail.

For a more personal approach, with the option of forwarding mail and messages to your home
address, don’t hesitate to ask us about our Premier Office Deals.

Question 7: Where is the text from?

Question 8: What does the service provide?
Question 9: Which of the following is not included in the Basic Office deal?

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 PART 5: PROPOSE A SOLUTION
LESSON 2: SET PHRASES FOR OFFERING SOLUTIONS

Language focus:

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Useful expressions
*How to present a condition or suggestion:
A. Condition
1. Last minute changes are not allowed.
2. you should inform us at least 48 hour ahead.
3. you should inform us 2 hour prior to the schedule.
4. In order to attend the seminar, people should register through the internet.
5. The ticket are non-refundable.
6. you will be fined unless you park your car in the designated area.
7. You can’t use the locker room since you extended the term.
8. You should send us the total amount within 24 hours.
9. You should pay some extra fee because of the late notice.
10. I’d like to have a day off next week instead of this week.
11. Children under 15 should be accompanied by parent or legal guardian.
B. Suggestion
1. I’d like to recommend another agency.
2. Our company has many branches.
3. I know some people who would like to have the part-time job.
4. I can introduce another expert in the field.
5. Driving your own car is not good idea since we don’t have enough parking space.
6. Please take the shuttle bus at the station.
7. I will call them and rearrange the time.
8. We have built a north wing, so we can hold the ceremony.
9. If you don’t have the receipt, please tell us the serial number (product’s number) of the
item.
10. If you don’t have the receipt, check the credid card statement.

* How to present a solution

1. Words / phrases related to placing an order
a. refund
I would like to give you refund.
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 We will pay you for the loss.
b. replacement
I will replace the defective product with a new one.
c. express service
We will send the product by express courier for free.
d. missing item
We will find the missing item in our stock and send it to you immediately.
Would you like to receive the instructions by fax?
e. free
You can get a free program from our company website.
We will offer you a 10% discount coupon.
f. available stock
We are out of the item now, but we will have more in stock soon.
2. Words / phrases related to damage /repairment
a. repair
We will send a repairman to fix the problem right away.
I will have some one check the system.
b. install
One of our staff members will install the machine.
Let me tell you over the phone how to put the bike together.
c. warranty
We would like to give you a two-year warranty on the DVD player.
d. free
I’d like to offer you free installation for the air conditioner.
We are not going to charge you for repairs for one year.

3. Words / phrases related to problems at hotels / restaurants / department stores

a. hotel
We would like to offer you a complimentary breakfast.
You can access to our sauna or gym for free.
Limousine service will be provided while you‘re in town.
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 We will offer you a room with a great ocean view.
b. restaurant
The dessert will be served for free.
We will reserve a table which has a beautiful night view.
I will prepare more seats for additional people.
The reservation was made under your name.
c. department store
we will give you 30% of the original price
I will have employee check the same product.
We will place an order for a gray suit.
d. travel agency, airline
We will upgrade you to business class for the next flight.
You will receive a ticket for a domestic flight for free
We’d like to offer you a free international flight during the off-season.
e. rental service
You can rent a big van for the same price.
You can check out books from 8 am to 6 pm.
You can use a boat for an hour.
f. bank
we will extend the due date for the loan.
I’d like to offer you a lower interest rate for the loan.
We will issue a new card.
I will give you another PIN number.
g. park, movie theater
The admission fee is included in every package.
You can try a maximum of five rides with this ticket at the amusement park.
Tickets bought one month in advance are 50% off.
We offer 30% off a membership.
4. Words / phrases related to documents / work
a. I will submit the report by the due date.
b. please inform us the changed date.
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 c. We are going to send the corrected bill.
d. We will train the employees.
e. I will send the document by e-mail.
f. Please try to find a near by internet café so you can check your e-mail.
g. I will contact another staff member so he/she can go to the factory.

Practice: Proposing a solution (Question 10)

This part will check how well a student can asked to propose a solution. The student should show
that he/she has recognized the problem and should propose a way of dealing with the problem.
You will have 30 seconds to prepare. Then you will have 60 seconds to speak.

The evaluation criteria are as followed:

 
-Pronunciation, intonation and stress.
-Grammar, vocabulary and cohesion.
-Relevance and completeness of content.

TASK 1:
Respond as if you are the customer of that company who has just send them a letter about their
product.
When you respond, please:
1. demonstrate that you understand the problem, and
2. offer a solution to the problem.

Please listen to the recorded message. 

This is John Kim from EG. I was delighted to get your letter regarding how much you enjoyed
using our product. We are very proud of the product and are pleased with the positive response
we are getting from people like you. The marketing department is working on a new marketing

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campaign for the product to allow us to reach more people. We were hoping that you would give
us permission to use some of the comments from your letter in our new campaign.
If you agree to this, please sign and return the enclosed consent form, using the self-addressed,
stamped envelope. As the form states, we assure you that your comments will be printed exactly
as they appear in your letter. When you return the envelope, please feel free to add more
comments if you have any. And please inform us of your phone number and e-mail address.
We’ve also enclosed a discount coupon toward your next purchase, as a small token of our
appreciation.

TASK 2:
Directions: In this part of the test, you will be presented with a problem and asked to propose a
solution. Respond as if you work at the bank. 
In your response, be sure to
• show that you recognize the problem, and
• propose a way of dealing with the problem.

Now listen to this:

Hi, uh, this is Ron Thomas. This afternoon I shopped at your supermarket and I think you made a
mistake. When I got home I checked my receipt and you charged me for two bottles of cooking
oil but I only bought one bottle. I know it's not a big charge, but I, well, I shouldn't be charged
for something I didn't buy. I can come back to your store if you need me to or please ask your
manager to give me a call at 733-0770. Let me know what I should do.

TASK 3:
Respond as if you work at a credit card company. 
When you respond, please:
1. demonstrate that you understand the problem, and
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 2. offer a solution to the problem.

Please listen to the recorded message. 

Examinees will hear:

 Hello, this is Dan Connor. I'm calling about my new credit card. Ah, actually, the problem is
that I haven't received it yet. My old card expires this week and I would like to get my new card .
. . I actually sent a letter to your office last month but I didn't receive a reply. Anyway, this card
is very important for me because I use it for my business . . .
In fact, I use a credit card from your company almost every day. I've been using your company
for several years now and have always been very happy with the service d . . .I hope that I can
continue using your services in the future.
Could you please call me back at work? I'll be out of my office this morning because of a
business meeting but I would like to know how to get my new card as quickly as possible. This is
Dan Connor. My office number is 555-4321. Thank you.

TASK 4:
Directions: In this part of the test, you will be presented with a problem and asked to propose a
solution.  In your response, be sure to
- show that you recognize the problem, and
- propose a way of dealing with the problem
 Transcript of what you would only HEAR:

Hello, this is Nancy Polanski. I'm calling from the airport. One of your taxis dropped me off at
the international departure terminal 20 minutes ago. I think my passport got left behind in the
taxi. I noticed it was missing when I checked in with the airline. I can't find it in my purse or my
carry-on bag. I've retraced my route since arriving, and I cannot locate it. My passport must still
be in the taxi. I don't remember the driver's name. Part of his licence number is 3562. Can you
please find the driver and ask him to look for it? I can't miss my flight. It's leaving in an hour. I'll
pay for it to be delivered to me. Please call me as soon as possible. My number is 555-8890.
Thank-you.

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 LESSON 3: PRACTICE PROPOSING A SOLUTION

Dealing with each task, you will have 30 seconds to prepare. Then you will have 60 seconds
to speak.

TASK 1:
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Respond as if you work at the bank.
In your response, be sure to
• show that you recognize the problem, and
• propose a way of dealing with the problem.

Narrator:  (You will hear...)

Hi, this is Delphine Roy.  I can't seem to open my company's account on your website.  Could
someone call me and help me fix this problem?  I have to use your system to download a file that
our client uploaded there this morning.  It's really frustrating because I need to work on this file
today before I go home.  I can't even open the file online.  Everything freezes after I put in my
password. 
I have called your office a thousand times today, but the phone is always answered by the
answering machine.  Please improve your standard of service.  My company is always looking
for other options that are more cost effective, and you are not the only company who can provide
this service.  Please give me a clall as soon as you get back.  Again, my name's Delphine Roy
from Audrey Classics, and my phone number is 412-4532, extension 203.

TASK 2:
In your response, be sure to
 • show that you recognize the problem, and 
• propose a way of dealing with the problem.

Now listen to the voice message. 

 Hi, this is Marsha Syms. I’m calling about my bank card. I went to the bank machine early this
morning, you know - the ATM - because the bank was closed, so only the machine was open.
Anyway, I put my card in the machine and got my money out, but then my card didn’t come out
of the machine.

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I got my receipt and my money, but then my bank card just didn’t come out. And I’m leaving for
my vacation tonight so I’m really going to need it. I had to get to work early this morning and
couldn’t wait around for the bank to open.   
Could you call me here at work and let me know how to get my bank card back? I’m really busy
today and really need you to call me soon. I can’t go on vacation without my bank card. This is
Marsha Syms at 555-1234. Thanks.

TASK 3:
In your response, be sure to
- show that you recognize the problem, and
- propose a way of dealing with the problem

Now listen to the voice message. 

Good morning Ma'am.  This is Mina Alberts of No. #2, apartment, Beverly Hills. I'm afraid that
the enclosed (xyz) product doesn't work. It is the third one I've had to return this month (see
attached correspondence). I bought it from ABC stores at Newtown, Big County on (date).I was
careful to follow the instructions for use, honestly. Other than the three I've had to return
recently, I've always found your products to be excellent.
I'd be grateful if you could send a replacement and refund my postage (state amount). I really
appreciate your help.

TASK 4:
In your response, be sure to
- show that you recognize the problem, and
- propose a way of dealing with the problem

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Now listen to the voice message. 

Hello, this is Dale Evans. I recently purchased one of your Techbrite kits for my little son, the
police station model?  Unfortunately the kit didn’t come with an instructions manual for putting
the kit together.
Now I’ve  bought a few Techbrite kits for him before and they’ve always had a full color
building manual inside. I’ve already tried to put the kit together myself just  going by the
photographs on the kit box.  But it’s almost impossible to get it fully right.
Anyway, my son likes to put the models together himself following along to the step by step
guide in the manual.  This was his main birthday present this  year so he’s pretty upset for not
putting his police station model together – sort of ruined the surprise for him, really.
  I hope you’ll be able to do something about this as quickly as possible.  Please call me back.
This is Dale Evans 324-6745.

TASK 5:
In your response, be sure to
- show that you recognize the problem, and
- propose a way of dealing with the problem
Example problem (transcript):

Hi, this is Angelina Robinson. I'm calling from room 23 down the hall. We are a family of six,
and there are only two small beds in this room. The man at the front desk said this was the only
room available, and he must have assumed it was only for me and my husband. We can't
possibly all fit on these two beds. We have two teenagers, a toddler and a baby.
Are you sure there are no other rooms available? All of the other hotels in town are booked
because of the marathon tomorrow. My husband is one of the competitors and he needs a good
night's rest.

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 PART 6: EXPRESS AN OPINION
LESSON 4: USING CONTRASTS & CONJUNCTIONS IN EXPRESSING OPINIONS

A. WORDS / PHRASES FOR SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCE

SIMILARITY
1. Use these comparative words to show similarity.
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The apples are the same. (pronoun)
These apples are alike. (adj)
The apples are similar. (adj)
The apples ripen similarly. (adv)
This apple is like that apple. (prep phrase)
2. Use the expressions below to show similarity: as…as, the same…as, like, etc.
This apple is as red as that apple. (adv - adv)
This apple has the same flavor as that apple. (noun - adv)
This apple and the other apples are the same.*
This apple looks like that apple. (verb phrase)
This apple is similar to that apple. (adj - prep)
This apple is like that apple. (prep)
This apple is just the same as that apple. (adv - pronoun - adv)
Both this apple and that one are sweet. (focusing adverb - conjunction)
Neither this apple nor that one is sweet. (focusing adverb - conjunction)

DIFFERENCE
1. Use these comparative words to show difference.
The apple and the orange are different. (adj)
The apple and the orange are unalike / not alike. (adj)
The apple and the orange are dissimilar. (adj)
The apple and the orange grow differently. (adv)
The apple is unlike the orange. (prep)
2. Use the expressions below to show dissimilarity: not as…as, different…from,
unlike, etc.
The apple is different from/ than the orange. (adj - conj)
This apple is not as sweet as this orange. (adv - adv)
The apple is more beautiful than the orange. (adv - conj)
The apple is much more beautiful than the orange. (adv -adv - conj)
The apple grows on a tree unlike the tomato. (prep)
The apple is more like a pear than the orange. (prep - adv)
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The skin of the apple contrasts to the skin of the orange. (verb - prep)
The orange in contrast to the lemon is sweet. (prep - prep)
The orange is sweet in contrast to the lemon which is bitter.

COMPARISON / CONTRAST
Use more or less to modify verbs
That is, we will use more and less to modify verbs. For example:
1. I like ice cream more than frozen yogurt.
OR I like frozen yogurt, but I like ice cream more.

PHRASES FOR COMPARING

1. exactly the same as 6. slightly different from
2. the same as 7 different from
3. about the same as 8. very different from
4. very similar to 9. completely different from
5 similar to

B. CONJUNCTIONS
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

F A N B O Y S
for and nor but or yet so

NOTE: DISTINGHUSH “BUT” & “YET”

“BUT”
1.   To show in a positive way what the first part of the sentence implied in a
negative way (on the contrary is also used):
 Mr. Lee seemed to waste time, but he completed all the work. 
2.   To take the place of with the exception of: 
 No one but Bert remembered to bring a notebook to class. (Everyone
forgot to bring a notebook, with the exception of  Bert.) 
3.   To show join contrasting ideas:
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  Amanda never gets tough, but she still commands a lot of respect. 
“YET”
Yet has two functions:
1) as an adverb
2) as a coordinating conjunction. It has several meanings:
 in addition      (Yet another fine mess you got me in!)
 even                   (yet less interesting. . .)
 still                 (She is a beginner, yet.)
 eventually      (CC may yet get unpacked.)
 at this time     (He's not here yet.)

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

Conjunction Sentence Sample Joining

Both red and white wines are good for
both. . .and subject + subject
cooking.
either. . .or You can have either chicken or fish. noun + noun
neither. . .nor Neither Lionel nor Herbert can tap dance. subject + subject
Not only did Martin lose his wallet, but he
not only. . .but also sentence + sentence
also lost his keys.
Whether to stay or to go is a decision only
whether. . .or verb + verb
you can make.
not. . .but Not a day goes by that I don't remember sentence + sentence
the fresh air, but I don't wish I were still in
the mountains.
Just as. . .so too Just as you sow, so too shall you reap.  sentence + sentence
 

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

32
Indicates Indicates Indicates Indicates Indicates Indicates
Time Place Manner Reason Condition Concession
After where as if because if although
Before wherever as though Since unless though
Since   How so that until even though
When     Why in case (that) while
whenever     in order that provided that whereas
While     now that assuming that rather than
Until     As even if  
As     So only if; if only  
Once       whether or not  
as long as       that  

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 Conjunctive Adverbs and the Relation They Indicate 

To add to To compare To concede To contrast

again, also, and, and also, in the same way, granted, naturally, of although, and yet, at the same
then, besides, equally likewise, similarly course time, but at the same time,
important, finally, despite that, even so, even
To emphasize** To summarize
first, further, though, for all that, however, 
certainly, indeed, in fact, al in all, altogether,
furthermore, in in contrast, in spite of, instead,
of course, to be sure, I as has been said,
addition, in the first nevertheless, notwithstanding,
hope, naturally, after all finally, in brief, in
place, last, moreover, on the contrary, on the other
in short, at least, conclusion, in other
next, second, still, too, hand, otherwise, regardless,
remarkably, in fact, words, in particular,
in fact still, though, yet
I think, it seems, in brief, in short, in simpler
 
clearly, I suppose, terms, in summary,
assuredly, on the whole, that is,
definitely, without doubt, therefore, to put it
for all that, differently, to
on the whole, in any summarize
event, importantly,  
certainly, naturally
To show a time sequence To conclude an To illustrate
argument
after, after a while, afterward, again, also, and consequently, after all, as an illustration,
then, as long as, at last, at length, at that time, therefore, as a result, even, for example, for
before, besides, earlier, eventually, finally, accordingly instance, in conclusion,
formerly, further, furthermore, in addition, in the indeed, in fact, in other words,

34
first place, in the past, last, lately, meanwhile, in short, it is true, of course,
moreover, next, now, presently, second, shortly, namely, specifically, that is, to
simultaneously, since, so far, soon, still, illustrate, thus, truly
subsequently, then, thereafter, too, until, until
now, when, later

LESSON 5: INTRODUCING SUPPORT

SET PHRASES TO INTRODUCE AN OPINION

Stating your Opinion
It seems to me that …
In my opinion, …
I am of the opinion that …/ I take the view that ..
My personal view is that …
In my experience …
As far as I understand / can see, …
As I see it, … / From my point of view …
As far as I know … / From what I know …
I might be wrong but …
If I am not mistaken …
I believe one can (safely) say  …
It is claimed that …
I must admit that …
I cannot deny that …
I can imagine that …
I think/believe/suppose …
Personally, I think …
35
 That is why I think …
I am sure/certain/convinced that …
I am not sure/certain, but …
I am not sure, because I don't know the situation exactly.
I am not convinced that The interest rate
I have read that …
I am of mixed opinions (about / on) …
I am of mixed opinions about / on this.
I have no opinion in this matter.
Outlining Facts
The fact is that
The (main) point is that …
This proves that …
What it comes down to is that …
It is obvious that …
It is certain that …
One can say that …
It is clear that …
There is no doubt that …

Giving your Opinion

In my opinion / view...
Generally speaking, I think...
Personally, I haven’t the faintest idea about / whether... (starting with this expression
may be interpreted as off-hand and could suggest that you have nothing else to say!)
To my mind...
I’d just like to say...
As far as I’m concerned...
I’m quite convinced that...(only use this expression to express a very strong opinion!)
To be quite honest / frank...
If you ask me...
36
 Finally, I’d just like to say that the negative of ‘I think he does...’ sounds more natural as
‘I don’t think he does...’ rather than ‘I think he doesn’t...’ The latter is not necessarily
wrong, it just sounds less natural, in my opinion.
e.g.
In my view, birds should not be kept in cages.

If we want to use point of view, I think we would more often say from my point of view rather
than according to my point of view. Both these expressions emphasize the position or angle you
are judging the situation from:

From my point of view it makes no difference whether you return on Saturday night
or Sunday morning.

From a political point of view, the agreement of the UN is extremely important.

From the point of view of safety, always wear a helmet when you are on the
building site.

to my mind / etc

In my view, from my point of view, in my opinion are all fairly formal ways of expressing your
opinion characteristic of written English. Less formal equivalents more characteristic of spoken
English, include the following:

to my mind: to emphasize that this is your opinion

reckon: usually to express an opinion about what is likely to happen
feel: to express a strong personal opinion
if you ask me: to express an opinion that may be critical
to be honest (with you): to express a critical opinion without seeming rude
as far as I'm concerned: to express an opinion that may be different from others'

37
e.g.
To my mind the quality of their football is just not good enough.

I reckon it'll rain later today. Let's go tomorrow.

I feel she shouldn't be getting married so young.

If you ask me, it's unreasonable to pay for something which should be free.

To be honest (with you), I'm surprised you got into university with such low grades.

As far as I'm concerned, the matter is over and done with and we can now move
forward.

Other ways to express opinions

If you are required to write an academic essay in which you are asked to express an opinion (see
below), useful alternatives to in my view include:

I think that…
It seems to me that…
I would argue that…
I do not believe that…
I am unconvinced that…
I do not agree that…

e.g. Question: How acceptable is it for wild animals to be kept in zoos?

I believe that it is quite unacceptable for animals to be kept in zoos. It seems to me that
when they are confined to a cage they never have enough room to move around. I would

38
 argue that it is kinder to allow a rare animal to die naturally in the wilds rather than to
prolong its life artificially in a zoo.

Making concessions
To achieve balance in expressing opinions, it may be useful to incorporate opinions that are
different from your own. Useful linking words and expressions include:

Of course, many / some people argue…

It is sometimes argued…
Admittedly…
While…

It is sometimes argued that it is possible for conditions in the zoo to replicate the wild animal's
natural habitat. While this may be feasible for smaller reptiles, it will never be possible, in my
view, for the larger mammals which needs acres of space to roam around in.

Clarifying an opinion
It may sometimes be necessary to explain a thought in greater detail. Useful linking expressions
for doing this include:

By this I mean…
Here I'm referring to…
To be more precise…
That is to say…

By spending money on confining wild animals to zoos, we are wasting resources. By this I mean
there are more urgent economic problems to deal with: hospitals and schools should be our first
priority.

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 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS TO EXPRESS YOUR OPINION
 
In my opinion, ...                                    It is my impression that ...
 In my eyes, ... I have the feeling that ...                         
To my mind, ...                                        My own feeling on the subject is that ...
As far as I am concerned, ...         I have no doubt that ...                           
 Speaking personally, ...  I am sure / I am certain that ...                
From my point of view, ...                     I think / consider / find / feel / believe /
As for me / As to me, ... suppose / presume / assume that ...
My view / opinion / belief / impression / I hold the opinion that ...                        
conviction is that ...                   (I form / adopt an opinion.)                    
I hold the view that ... I dare say that ...
I would say that ...                                 I guess that ...                                     
 It seems to me that ...                   I bet that ....                                        
I am of the opinion that... I gather that ...
My impression is that ...                         It goes without saying that ... 
 I am under the impression that ...       
                 

USEFUL WORDS TO EXPRESS YOUR AGREEMENT

I agree with you / him ...                       etc.) is  right 

I share your view.                                    He is quite right / absolutely right          
I think so.                                      He may be right.
I really think so. I have no objection.                              
(The author / the narrator / the protagonist / I approve of it.                                       
40
I have come to the same conclusion               That is right.
I hold the same opinion.               That's just it !                                        
We are of one mind / of the same mind on  Fair enough !                                      
that question.  Quite so !
I am at one with him on that point.          Just so !                                                
It is true.                                              Yes of  course !

USEFUL WORDS TO EXPRESS YOUR DISAGREEMENT

I don't agree.                                           I am afraid that is not quite true.

 I disagree.                                             I take a different view.                            
 I don't think so.  I don't share his/her/your view.                 
You are / he is wrong.                            This argument does not hold water.
 I think otherwise.                                Not at all !                                            
I don't think that's quite right.  Nonsense !                                            
I don't agree with you/him.                       Rubbish !
I don't agree with what you say.               He's off his head !

Example 1 : Some people prefer to live in a city while other people prefer to live in the
countryside. Which do you think is better and why?
Suggested Introduction:
Some people prefer to live in a city while other people prefer to live in the countryside. In my
case, I prefer to live in a city and there are some reasons.
1. Some people prefer to live in a city while other people prefer to live in the countryside.
(Use the question to make an introduction. Although this is not the best way, it also
helpful for you while you have not had any other sentence to start your answer.)
2. In my case, I prefer to live in a city and there are some reasons.
(Give your opinion about the topic)
Example 2:
41
Topic: Some people prefer to spend their vacation by the sea and other prefer to spend their time
in the mountains. Which do you prefer and why?
Some people like spend their vacation on the beach while other prefer to spend their time
in the mountains. In my case, I definitely want to spend my vacation on the beach.
(Paraphrase the topic and present your opinion)

Some people like spend their vacation on the beach while other prefer to spend their time
in the mountains. In my case, I definitely want to spend my vacation on the beach and
there are some reasons.
(Paraphrase the topic, present your ideas and mention how many reasons you will
present)
In my case, I definitely want to spend my vacation on the beach and there are some
reasons.
(Present your ideas directly and mention how many reasons will be shown)
*Some common ways to make an introduction
A. State again the question
Some people prefer to spend their vacation by the sea and other prefer to spend their time in the
mountains.
B. Identify your opinions
a. Used for any topics
- I think /believe
Some people believe that student should wear uniform at school. What is your opinion?
 I think student should wear uniform at school
In my case (in my opinion)
Some people believe student should wear uniform at school and others believe student should
wear what they want.
b. Suitable for alternative situations
- Agree/disagree
People should experience traveling alone. Do you agree or dis agree?
 I agree (disagree) people should experience traveling alone.
- Prefer/rather
42
 Which do you prefer, travel alone or with a group?
 I (would) prefer to travel alone.
- Support/oppose
Would you support or oppose this statement? Traveling alone has more benefits than
traveling with a group.
 I would support (oppose) the statement that traveling alone has more benefits than traveling
with a group
Present the Topic sentence using the given questions
TASK 1:
Ex: Why do many people like to listen to music?
There are several reasons why people like to listen to music.
Why do so many people work overseas now?
____________________________________________________________________________
Why do many people often move to other companies?
____________________________________________________________________________
Why do some people get fired from their workplaces?
____________________________________________________________________________
TASK 2:
Ex: Some people prefer to communicate face-to-face while others prefer to use se-mail, letter, or
the telephone. Which do you prefer and why?
Some people like to spend their vacations alone while others prefer to spend it with
family or friends. Which do you prefer and why?
____________________________________________________________________________
Some people want to drink alcohol at parties to have a good time whereas others want to
drink non-alcoholic beverages. Which do you prefer and why?
__________________________________________________________________________
Some people think children should be disciplined with physical punishments while others
think such punishments have negative effect on their education and should be banned.
Who do you think are correct and why?
_______________________________________________________________________

43
TASK 3: Make an introduction to the topic in 3 ways
Topic: Some people prefer to have a job which requires a lot business trip and others prefer to
have a job which doesn’t involve a lot of travel. Which do you prefer and why?
Method 1: Paraphrase the topic and present your opinion
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Method 2: Paraphrase the topic, present your ideas and mention how many reasons you will
present
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Method 3: Present your ideas directly and mention how many reasons will be shown
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

LESSON 6: SUPPORTING YOUR OPINION

44
Here is the chart to show steps to support your opinion

Asking for Support or Details

Why do you think that?
Could you elaborate?
Could you give (me) an example?
Can you illustrate that?
What evidence do you have?
Could you explain it in more detail?
Could you provide some details?
Supporting your Opinions
Let me illustrate,
For example,
For instance,
To give you an example,
45
Let me give you an example,
To elaborate,
First, (second), etc.
(These phrases can be followed by details, examples, elaboration, or a summary of your main
points.)
Useful Language
То express opinion: I believe, In my opinion, I think, In my view, I strongly believe, I see it, It
seems to me (that), As far as I am concerned, I am (not) convinced that..., In my opinion/view …
My opinion is that …, I (firmly) believe …, I (definitely) feel/think that, I am inclined to believe
that ……
То list points: In the first place, first of all, to start with, Firstly, to begin with
То add more points: what is more, another major reason, also, furthermore, moreover, in
addition to this/that, besides, apart from this, not to mention the fact that
То introduce contrasting viewpoints: It is argued that, People argue that, There are people who
oppose, Contrary to what most people believe,
As opposed to the above ideas
To introduce examples: for example, for instance, such as, in particular, especially
To conclude: To sum up, All in all, All things considered, Taking everything into account.
EXAMPLE

Physical Education should be taught in schools. Do you agree or disagree? Support your
opinion with arguments and examples.

Physical Education has been a part of the school curriculum for years, and I believe that it
should remain so for a variety of reasons.
In the first place, offering Physical Education is vital for children who have neither the time,
nor the opportunity to do sport elsewhere. Physical Education is especially beneficial for children
living in crowded cities who do not have space to play. Doing sport at school gives them the
opportunity to exercise and get rid of their excess energy. In addition, team sports develop
children’s social skills encouraging them to work as part of a team and to cooperate with others.

46
 On the other hand, some parents feel that Physical Education should not be a compulsory
subject as not all children enjoy or are good at sport. These parents forget, however, that all
children can benefit from physical activities and doing sport will give them the chance to
improve their skills and their health.
In conclusion, I believe that Physical Education is an important part of every school
curriculum since physical activity helps children to keep fit and stay energetic and alert.

PRACTICE:
TASK 1:
Step 1: Distinguish point of view and reason among the given sentences
Ex:
It has a big screen. (reason)
I prefer to go to the movie theater. ( point of view)
I can see new movies.  (reason)
1. a. No delay or waiting.  ( )
b. Price are low.  ( )
c. I like go to fast-food restaurants. ( )
2. a. Very unhealthy with high amounts of calories, fat and salt.  ( )
b. I avoid going to fast-food restaurants.  ( )
c. Not taste very good. --. ( )
Step 2: Choose the best reason to support the viewpoint
Ex:
He is very rich
- He eats a lot.
- He is handsome.
- He comes from rich family.
1. Learning a second language is very difficult.
a. Grammar is difficult to understand.
b. It is not interesting.
c. Foreigners are not kind.
2. Some students fail a test.
47
 a. They didn’t go to the library.
b. They didn’t study enough.
c. They didn’t sleep well.
Step 3: Combine the given sentences in the order of viewpoints and examples
Ex:
- It has a big screen.
- I prefer to go to the movie theater.
- I can see new movies.
 I prefer to go to the movie theater and there are two reasons. First, there is a big screen and
other reason is because I can see new movies.

1. a. I like go to fast-food restaurants.

b. Prices are low.
c. No delay or waiting.
 I like to_____________________________________.
2. a. I avoid going to fast-food restaurants.
b. Fast-food is very unhealthy with high amounts of calories, fat and salt.
c. Fast-food does not taste very good.
 I avoid ____________________________________.
TASK 2: Look at the chart below and try to make support for your opinion
(brainstorming)

48
Suggested ideas:
The 1st reason The first reason is to work in a different department so they can meet new
people and learn new things.

The 2nd reason Next, they want to have a long-term vacation to have enough time to enjoy. For
example, people can travel to foreign countries or get enough rest

The 3rd reason Lastly, the location can be the reason. For instance, when people live not far
from their workplace, they can save time commuting to work or they can use
public transportation.

TASK 3: Complete the chart below to make the support for your opinions about the topic “Why
do people use computers?”
First, people use computers to get information from different sources such as the Internet or e-
book.
49
Next,
.
For example,
.
Lastly,
_____________________________________________________.

LESSON 7: CONCLUDING YOUR OPINIONS

A. General view of the Introduction and Conclusion

50
51
Making the conclusion:

52
Example
1.The sentence to emphasize the viewpoint
Topic sentence: There are four major reasons I like Seoul.
 For these reason, Seoul is a great place to live or visit.
2. A brief sentence concluding those mentioned reasons
There are three reasons why people think Seoul is a nice place to visit. First, the people
are kind. Second the Han River is beautiful. Lastly, there is a variety of shopping malls
 Because of the kind people, the beautiful Han River, and many shopping malls, people think
Seoul is a nice place to visit.
PRACTICE
TASK 1: Making a conclusion bases on the given information
A. The sentence to emphasize the viewpoint
Some people like to go to a gym while other people simply want to exercise at home. In my case,
I prefer working out at a gym. I recently joined a fitness center close to my workplace. There is a
lot of fitness equipment that I can freely use and personal trainers are always available when I
need to ask for help on how to use equipment. I also enjoy meeting other people at the gym.
_______________________________________________
B. A brief sentence concluding those mentioned reasons
Sunny is very happy these days. She studied graphics at a university. Lately, she found a job in
the graphics industry. She enjoys working at her company because she is recognized by her
employer for her talent in graphics and she has been given opportunities to travel overseas to
attend various seminars.
TASK 2: Make a similar conclusion (The sentence to emphasize the viewpoint)
Ex: there is a main reason why people want to have a job.
 For this reason, people want to have a job.
There are three reasons why some children start their education at an early stage.
 _________________________________________________________
There are some reasons why people should not drink and drive.
 ___________________________________________________________

TASK 3: Make a similar conclusion (A brief sentence concluding those mentioned reasons)
53
Example:
I agree that outdoor social activities can improve relationships between co-workers. For example,
doing physical activities such as sports or games brings people closer together. Plus, having a
variety of parties and events can help co-workers better understand one another.
Though physical activities and many kinds of parties or events, I believe the relationships
between co-workers can be improved.
A. I believe advances in technologies made our life happier than in the past. I can easily
name many technological advances. The first one is cell phones. Using a cell phone, we
can now talk to our loved ones anywhere we are. Another technology that we benefit
from is automobiles. Cars these days are more comfortable than the ones in the past.
_______________________________________
B. I believe doing business between friends car ruin friendships. Sometimes things do not
turn out well in the end, especially when money is involved. And also, even close friends
can argue about the amount of work they do because it is not easy to divede the workload
evenly.
__________________________________________

LESSON 8: PRATICE EXPRESSING YOUR OPINIONS - TOPICS RELATED TO

COMPANIES
54
 A. Consolidation of part 6-question 11
 Useful language
Also
Besides
Give additional idea and In addition
reason Another reason is ~.
Moreover
For instance
Give example For example
Such as
Present the sequences / First, second,…
reasons or examples First of all
Then, Next
Finally, Lastly
As a result
Therefore , so
Present the conclusion Thus, hence
For these reason
That’s why ~.
In conclusion
In brief
In short

1. Check-Up: In the passage below, which group do the words / phrases in bold
belong to?
Some people like to spend their vacations on the beach and others want to go to the
mountains. I prefer going to the beach and there are several reasons. First, I can enjoy a
variety of water sports in the sea such as water skiing, sailing, swimming and even
fishing. Next, an unobstructed view of the bright sunrise and the glorious sunset is also
fantastic to watch. Also, people can spend their time just watching beautiful waves on the
sea, white sand or some flying seabirds. Finally, spending time on the beach is fun for

55
 anyone. For example, a group of people can play many kinds of sports together such as
beach volleyball or scuba diving. Young children can make sand castles and adults can
relax on the beach getting a tan in the sun or walk along the seashore. For these reasons,
I favor going to the beach for vacation.
2. Fill in the blanks in the passage below using the given linking words
First of all Next So
For example Lastly For these reasons

There are some reason why I believe student should wear school uniforms. _________,
wearing a uniform doesn’t different the rich and the poor among students. If students
wear the same clothing, it is not possible to notice who is rich and who is poor.
_________ that makes everyone equal. _________, uniform help family budgets.
________, students or their parents have to spend money on buying different kinds of
clothes if students can wear whatever they want. __________, students in uniform are
easily identifiable. Students won’t be allowed to certain places that only adults are
accepted.__________, I am in favor of school uniforms.

Tips for Good Opinion speaking

 You will need to be well prepared in order to write a good opinion paragraph. Here are the steps
to take before you even start writing:
Pick a controversial issue - something people clearly agree or disagree with it strongly.
Decide which side you will take - do you agree or disagree with it? This will be your opinion.
Get as much information as you can in order to defend your point of view - you will need
facts to support your point, examples of why your opinion is the correct one.
Find out as much as you can about opinions that are different from yours - get as much
information about the other side as you can.
Be ready to change your main idea if your research shows you that your thoughts were
not correct to begin with!
 Now you are ready to start
Make sure your main idea - your opinion about the subject - is clear and well stated. For
example:
Classes that start at or before 8 o'clock in the morning are not scheduled at the best time to
benefit the majority of the students who have to take them.
56
Transition into the body of the paragraph - For example:
There are many, many reasons for this.
Give your second strongest reason to support this idea. For example:
Most of the students are pretty young and stay up until late at night working or socializing.
They don't know how to manage their time well enough yet.
Give a specific example or statistics to support this statement. For example:
Look at statistics from college campus studies on this subject - say something similar to this
-  A study done by _____________, from the _________ reports that University of
________ freshman students work_______ hours in the evenings, and then socialize for
_________ hours. They only get an average of ______ hours of sleep.
Give your weakest reason to support this idea. For example:
People have a difficult time getting up too early in the morning.
Give an example to support this statement too. For example:
describe how difficult it is for someone you know to get up and be ready in time. (look
around your classroom, at the students in the cafeteria - how many look tired and not ready
for the day's work yet?)
Give your strongest reason to support this idea. For example:
People learn best when they have rested long enough, and are awake and ready to learn.
Explain and give an example of someone you know, or statistics you have found to support this
thought. For example:
The ________ study conducted by  ________ concluded that _____% of the students who
had not rested long enough, or well enough, fail their courses which are scheduled early in
the morning, and the average grades from early courses are ____ lower than grades fro the
same course scheduled for later in the day.
Give the strongest reason that others who do not agree with you have. For example:
Some people think that it is important to get your classes done and over with early in the
morning, so there is time for other activities during the day.
Refute this argument - prove that it is not really the correct view. For example:
This is true, early courses do free the people up for other activities later, but what is the point
of sacrificing learning, hurting chances for success, in order to be able to play during a
longer period of the day?
Finish with a good concluding sentence. For example:
Even though early courses are good for a few people who are at their best in the early
morning, they are not helpful to the majority of the students.
57
. Make sure:
1. you have a main idea
2. your supporting points are directly related to the main idea
3. your transitions are good and logical
4. your sentences are in the correct order
5. you mentioned the other side,
6. you refuted the argument from the other side
7. your sentences are well written, with as few errors as possible

COMMON TOPICS

58
C. PRACTICE:
Questions:
1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Businesses should do anything
they can to make profit. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
2. A company is going to give some money either to support the arts or to protect the
environment. Which do you think the company should choose? Use specific reasons and
examples to support your opinion.
3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important aspect of a
job is the money a person earns. Use specific reasons and examples to support your
opinion.

59
 4. People work because they need money to live? What are some other reasons that they
work? Discuss one or more of these reasons. Use specific reasons and examples to
support your opinion.
5. Some people prefer to work for a large company while others prefer a small one. Which
one do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
6. Businesses should hire employees for their entire lives. Do you agree or disagree? Use
specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
7. In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do you think this is s
good idea? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
8. What are some important qualities of a good supervisor (boss)? Use specific details and
examples to explain why these qualities are important.
9. Telecommuting' refers to workers doing their jobs from home for part of each week and
communicating with their office using computer technology. Telecommuting is growing
in many countries and is expected to be common for most office workers in the coming
decades. How do you think society will be affected by the growth of telecommuting?
10. In some countries the average worker is obliged to retire at the age of 50, while in others
people can work until they are 65 or 70. Until what age do you think people should be
encouraged to remain in paid employment? Give reasons for your answer. 

SUGGESTED IDEAS:
Question 2:

60
Question 3:

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 LESSON 9: PRACTICE EXPRESSING YOUR OPINIONS - TOPICS RELATED TO
PARENTS AND CHILDREN

Some Common Topics

1. Children watch television more than they did in the past
2. Parents should help their children choose a career.
3. Early education
4. Study abroad
5. School uniform
6. Physical punishment
7. Working parents

Questions:
1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use
specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
2. Some people think the family is the most important influence on young adults. While
others think that friends are the most important influence on them. Which view do you
agree? Use examples to support your ideas.
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 3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be required to
help with household tasks as soon as they are able to do so. Use specific reasons and
examples to support your answer.
4. What are some qualities of a good parent? Use specific reasons and examples to support
your answer.
5. Most modern families have both parents working and as a result children spend less and
less time with their parents. What is the reason for this and what problems can this cause?
6. In many western countries, there is an increasing number of couples choosing to have no
children. What are the advantages and disadvantages to couples having no children.
7. In many modern societies, grandchildren rarely spend any quality time with their
grandparents. What do you think are the consequences of this.
8. Children should never be educated at home by their parents. Do you agree or disagree?
9. Children learn best by observing behavior of adults and copying it. To what extent do you
agree or disagree with this statement?

SUGGESTED IDEAS:

Question 1:

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Question 2:

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 LESSON 10: PRACTICE EXPRESSING YOUR OPINIONS - OTHER TOPICS

EDUCATION
1. Education is the single most important factor in the development of a country. Do you agree?
2. What are factors which are related to academic success in high-school students?
3. Do the benefits of study abroad justify the difficulties? What advice would you offer to a
prospective student?
4. The idea of going overseas for university study is an exciting prospect for many people. But
while it may offer some advantages, it is probably better to stay home because of the difficulties
a student inevitably encounters living and studying in a different culture. To what extent do you
agree or disagree this statement? Give reasons for your answer.
5. Education is recognized as vital to the future of any society in today's world. Governments
throughout the world should make education compulsory for all children between the ages of 5
and 15. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
6. Foreign language instruction should begin in kindergarten. Discuss.
7. Should sports classes be sacrificed in High School so students can concentrate on academic
subjects?
MODERN SOCIETY 
8. Nowadays doctors can become very rich. Maybe they should not focus on profitable activities
such as plastic surgery or looking after rich patients and concentrate more on patients health, no
matter how rich they are?
9. Does travel help to promote understanding and communication between countries?
10. In your opinion what factors contribute to a good movie?
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11. Are famous people treated unfairly by the media ? Should they be given more privacy, or is the
price of their fame an invasion into their private lives?
12. Is animal testing necessary?
13. Some businesses now say that no one can smoke cigarettes in any of their offices. Some
governments have banned smoking in all public places. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons.
14. To what extent is the use of animals in scientific research acceptable?
15. Human beings do not need to eat meat in order to maintain good health because they can get all
their food needs from meatless products and meatless substances. A vegetarian diet is as healthy
as a diet containing meat. Argue for or against the opinion above.
16. Forests are the lungs of the earth. Destruction of the world's forests amounts to death of the
world we currently know. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
17. Are our zoos cruel to wild animals? Discuss.
18. Zoos are sometimes seen as necessary but not poor alternatives to a natural environment. Discuss
some of the arguments for and/or against keeping animals in zoos.
19. To what extent will migration from the developing world to the developed world become a social
and political issue in the 21st century?
20. In Britain, when someone gets old, they often go to live in a home with other old people where
there are nurses to look after them. Sometimes the government has to pay for this care. Who
should be responsible for our old people? Give reasons.
21. The first car appeared on British roads in 1888. By the year 2000 there may be as many as 29
million vehicles on British roads. Alternative forms of transport should be encouraged and
international laws introduced to control car ownership and use. What do you think?
22. The best way to reduce the number of traffic accidents is to make all young drivers complete a
safe driving education course before being licensed to drive.
23. News editors decide what to broadcast on TV and what to print in newspapers. What factors do
you think influence their decisions? Have we become used to bad news? Would it be better if
more good news was reported?
24. TV: could you be without it? Discuss.
25. To what extent will migration from the developing world to the developed world become a social
and political issue in the 21st century?

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26. The mass media, including TV, radio and newspapers, have great influence in shaping people's
ideas. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons for your
answer.
27. Tourism is becoming increasingly important as a source of revenue to many countries but its
disadvantages should not be overlooked. What are some of the problems of tourism?
28. The mass media, including TV, radio and newspapers, have great influence in shaping people's
ideas. To what extent do you agree or disagree this statement? Give reasons for your answer
TECHNOLOGY 
29. Does modern technology make life more convenient, or was life better when technology was
simpler?
30. Will modern technology, such as the internet ever replace the book or the written word as the
main source of information?
31. We are becoming increasingly dependent on computers. They are used in businesses, hospitals,
crime detection and even to fly planes. What things will they be used for in future? Is this
dependence on computers a good thing or should we be more suspicious of their benefits? Use
specific details and examples in your answer.
32. In what ways has information technology changed work and working practices in the past 10
years?
ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY
33. To what extent should economic planning be influenced by the need of environmental
conservation?
34. Damage of the environment is an inevitable consequence of worldwide improvements in the
standard of living. Discuss.
35. The rising levels of congestion and air pollution found in most of the world cities can be
attributed directly to the rapidly increasing number of private cars in use. In order to reverse this
decline in the quality of life in cities, attempts must be made to encourage people to use their
cars less and public transport more. Discuss possible ways to encourage the use of public
transport.
36. The threat of nuclear weapons maintains world peace. Nuclear power provides cheap and clean
energy. The benefits of nuclear technology far outweigh the disadvantages. Do you agree or
disagree? Give reasons for your answer.
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 OTHER TOPICS
37. The lessons we take from failure can be fundamental to later success. Recount an incident or
time when you experienced failure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn from the
experience?
38. Reflect on a time when you challenged a belief or idea. What prompted you to act? Would you
make the same decision again?
39. Describe a problem you’ve solved or a problem you’d like to solve. It can be an intellectual
challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma-anything that is of personal importance, no
matter the scale. Explain its significance to you and what steps you took or could be taken to
identify a solution.
40. Discuss an accomplishment or event, formal or informal, that marked your transition from
childhood to adulthood within your culture, community, or family.

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LESSON 11 & 12: MODEL TEST 1

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 LESSON 13 & 14: MODEL TEST 2

Questions 1–2: Read a text aloud

Directions: In this part of the test, you will read aloud the text on the screen. You will have 45
seconds to prepare. Then you will have 45 seconds to read the text aloud.

If you're shopping, sightseeing and running around every minute, your vacation can seem like
hard work. To avoid vacation stress, come to the Blue Valley Inn on beautiful Lake Mead. While
staying at our inn, you'll breathe clean country air as you view spectacular sights. With its

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 spacious rooms, swimming pool and many outdoor activities, the inn is the perfect place for a
vacation you won't forget. The Blue Valley Inn prides itself on the personal attention it provides
to every guest. The Blue Valley motto has always been "A happy guest is our greatest treasure."

Question 2:

Quitting your job in these tough economic times is either brave or foolish, or perhaps both. But
they do say that fortune favors the bold, and sometimes your best choice is to leave behind what
to keep our options open, so we don't quit a job until we find another. But often it is only when
we burn our bridges behind us that we are forced to look for something new. Resigning from my
old job gave me the freedom to try something really new.

Question 3: Describe a picture

Directions:  In this part of the test, you will describe the picture on your screen in as much detail
as you can. You will have 30 seconds to prepare your response. Then you will have 45 seconds
to speak about the picture.

Questions 4–6: Respond to questions

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Directions: In this part of the test, you will answer three questions. For each question, begin
responding immediately after you hear a beep. No preparation time is provided. You will have
15 seconds to respond to questions 1 and 2, and 30 seconds to respond to Question 3.
(Narrator): Imagine that a Canadian marketing firm is doing research in your country. You have
agreed to participate in a telephone interview about television viewing.
Question 4: How often do you watch television?
Question 5: What kinds of programs do you usually watch?
Question 6: Describe your favorite television program.

Questions 7–9: Respond to questions using information provided

Directions: In this part of the test, you will answer three questions based on the information
provided. You will have 30 seconds to read the information before the questions begin. For each
question, begin responding immediately after you hear a beep. No additional preparation time is
provided. You will have 15 seconds to respond to Questions 7 and 8, and 30 seconds to respond
to Question 9.

(Narrator): Hello, I’m calling about a conference on May 27. I saw advertised in the newspaper.
It’s about starting your own business. I was hoping you could give me some information.

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Question 7: Could you tell me what time the conference starts and how long it will last?
Question 8: How much does conference attendance cost?
Question 9: I may not be available for the full day. Could you give me information about the
activities in the morning, before lunchtime?

Question 10: Propose a solution

Directions: In this part of the test, you will be presented with a problem and asked to propose a
solution. You will have 30 seconds to prepare. Then you will have 60 seconds to speak.

Respond as if you work at the bank.

In your response, be sure to
• show that you recognize the problem, and
• propose a way of dealing with the problem
Now listen to the voice message. You will hear:
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Hi, this is Marsha Syms. Um, I’m calling about my bank card. I went to the bank machine early
this morning, you know — the ATM (upspeak) ... because the bank was closed so only the
machine was open. Anyway, I put my card in the machine and got my money out....but then my
card didn’t come out of the machine. I got my receipt and my money but then my bank card just
didn’t come out. And I’m leaving for my vacation tonight so I’m really going to need it....I had
to get to work early this morning, and couldn’t wait around for the bank to open....Could you call
me here at work, and let me know how to get my bank card back? I’m really busy today, and
really need you to call me soon. I can’t go on vacation without my bank card. This is Marsha
Syms at 555-1234. Thanks.

Question 11: Express an opinion

Directions: In this part of the test, you will give your opinion about a specific topic. Be sure to
say as much as you can in the time allowed. You will have 15 seconds to prepare. Then you will
have 60 seconds to speak.
Question:
(Narrator): Some people prefer to take a job that does not pay well but does provide a lot of time
off from work. What is your opinion about taking a job with a low salary that has a lot of
vacation time? Give reasons for your opinion.

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