1

Acid, Base and Buffer WS 1

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper
GCE A LEVEL – May/June 2011 9701 41

21 (a) (i) One that can go in either direction. [1]

(ii) both forward & reverse reactions are going on at the same time, but the concentrations
of all species do not change (owtte)
or rate of forward = rate of backward reaction [1]

(b) (i) Kc = [H+][OH–]/[H2O] [1]

(ii) Kw = [H+][OH–] [1]

rearrangement of equation in (i) gives Kc[H2O] = [H+][OH–] & Kw = Kc[H2O] (owtte)
or the [H2O] is contained within Kw [1]

(iii) Kw will be higher in hot water because reaction is endothermic [1]

(c) (i) [OH–] = 5 × 10–2; [H+] = (1 × 10–14)/ 5 × 10–2 = 2 × 10–13 [1]

pH = –log10[H+] = 12.7 (correct ans = [2]) ecf [1]

(ii) [NH4+] = [OH–] (= x) [1]

x2 = 1.8 × 10–5 × 0.05 ⇒ x (= [OH–]) = 9.49 × 10–4 (mol dm–3) (correct ans = [2]) [1]

(iii) [H+] = Kw/[OH–] = (1 × 10–14)/ 9.49 × 10–4 = 1.05 × 10–11(mol dm–3) ecf [1]

(iv) pH = 11.0 ecf [1]

[Total: [S’11
12 maxP41 Q02]
11]

3 (a) (+)1; (+)2; (+)3; (+)4 [1]

O.N. corresponds to the no. of electrons in outer/valence shell/lost [1]

(b) PCl5 fizzes or white/misty fumes or heat evolved [1]

PCl5 + 4H2O → H3PO4 + 5HCl or PCl5 + 3H2O → HPO3 + 5HCl
(allow partial hydrolysis: PCl5 + H2O → POCl3 + 2HCl) [1]

(c) (i) P = 30.4/31 = 0.98 Cl = 69.6/35.5 = 1.96 [1]

Thus E.F = PCl2 [1]
Mr(PCl2) = 102, so 2 × PCl2 = 204 ≈ 200, so M.F. = P2Cl4 [1]

(ii) Cl Cl
[1]
P P (ignore lone pairs on Cl)

Cl Cl

(iii) O.N. = (+)2 [1]

(iv) (HO)2P-P(OH)2 or H(HO)P(=O)-P(=O)(OH)H ecf from structure in (ii) [1]

Allow HO-P-OH or HO-P=O
│
H

[Total: 10]

© University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011

Bilal Hameed Acid, Base and Buffer 1

 (ii) k = rate/[propanone][H+] = 3.3 x 10–6/(0.2 x 0.5) = 3.3 x 10–5 (1)

(iii) units are mol–1 dm3s–1 (1) [3]

2 Total: 12

22 (a) (i) Ka = [HCO2–][H+]/HCO2H] (1)

(ii) √Ka[HCO2H] = √1.77 X 10–4 x 0.05 = 2.97 x 10–3 (1)

(3.0 x 10–3)

(iii) 100 x 2.97 x 10–3/ 0.05 = 5.94% (6%) (1)

Page 2(iv) 10–3)Scheme=

pH = –log10(2.97 xMark 2.5(2) Syllabus (1) [4]
Paper
A/AS LEVEL EXAMINATIONS – NOVEMBER 2003 9701 4
(b) pH = –log10(0.05) = 1.30 (1) [1]

(c) (i) 2HCO2H + Mg → (HCO2)2Mg + H2 (1)

(or 2H+ + Mg → Mg2+ + H2)

(ii) moles of H+ = 0.05 x 20/1000 = 1 x 10–3 (1)

moles of H2 = 1 x 10–3/2 = 0.5 x 10–3

©volume
University
of of
H2Cambridge –3
= 0.5 x 10Local Examinations
x 24, 000 = Syndicate12 cm3
2003 (1)
(or = 0.5 x 10–3 x 22400 = 12 cm3

(iii) (rate α [H+]) lower [H+] in methanoic acid or HCO2H dissociates

slowly/partially (1)

(iv) the equilibrium (HCO2H ¾ HCO2– + H+) continually shifts to the

right as H+ is used up (1) [5]
Total: 10
[W’03 P4 Q02]
3 (a) (i) MnO4– +8H+ + 5Fe2+ → Mn2+ + 4H2O + 5Fe3+ (1) + (1)
[or MnO4– + 4H+ + 3Fe2+ → MnO2 + 3Fe3+ + 2H2O]
(reactants + products) + balancing

(ii) Cr2O72– + 2H+ + 3SO2 → 2Cr3+ + 3SO42– + H2O (1) + (1) [4]

(or molecular equations including the counter ions K+ and SO42–)

(b) (i) purple (1)

(ii) the first (permanent) pink colour (from a colourless solution) (1)

n(MnO4–) = 0.01 x 14/1000 = 1.4 x 10–4 (1)

n(Fe2+) = 5 x 1.4 x 10–4 = 7 x 10–4

FeSO4 = 55.8 + 32.1 + 64 = 151.9 (1)

so mass = 151.9 x 7 x 10–4 = 0.106 g (1) [5]

(c) (i) to carry O2 from lungs to muscles/tissues

the O2 molecule is a ligand attached to the Fe atom/Fe2+ ion in

haemoglobin (1)

(ii) CO exchanges with O2 and forms a stronger ligand bond. [1] [3]
Total: 12 max 11

4 (a) phenol, ester, arene/bezene ring any two (1) + (1) [2]

(b) (i) Na+ – O-C6H4-CO2C2H5 (1)

(ii) Na+ – O-C6H4-CO2–Na+ ! C2H5OH ! (2)

Acid, Base and Buffer 1 Bilal Hameed
(iii)
 (iii) 2Cu2+ + CH3CHO + 5OH– → Cu2O + CH3CO2– + 3H2O [1]

[Total: 3]
3

3 (f) pH = pKa + log [salt]/[acid] = –log(9.3 × 10–4) + log (0.8/0.5)

= 3.032 + 0.204 = 3.23/3.24 (3 or more sig. figs.) [2]

[W’12 P43 Q03]

[Total: 2]

[TOTAL: 20]

4 (a) (i) ketone/carbonyl [NOT aldehyde] [1]

(ii) carboxylic acid (name of group needed. NOT 'carboxyl') [1]

[Total: 2]

(b) (i) (allow structural, displayed or skeletal formulae in (b), (c) and (e))
OH O
OH OH OH
H3CO

HO2C CO2H NC CN
HO
B C D
[1] + [1] + [1]

(ii) heat/reflux/boil/hot/T>60°C in H3O+ or aqueous/dilute H+/HCl/H2SO4 (NOT HNO3) [1]

[Total: 4]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2012

Bilal Hameed Acid, Base and Buffer 1

 (iii) blood contain HCO3– (or in an equation) [1]
which absorbs H+ or equn H+ + HCO3– → H2CO3 (H2O + CO2)
or absorbs OH –
or equn OH– + 4HCO3– → CO32– + H2O [1]

4 (iv) [CH3CO2Na] = 0.05 [CH3CO2H] = 0.075 [1]

pH = 4.76 + log (0.05/0.075) = 4.58 or 4.6 [1]
[7]
[W’11 P43 Q03]
[Total: 19]

© University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011

Acid, Base and Buffer 1 Bilal Hameed

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
GCE A/AS LEVEL - OCT/NOV 2006 9701 4
5

52 (a) (i) [one chiral centre only] (1)

(ii) C13H18O2 (1)

(iii) Mr = 206 ecf (1)

mass = 0.15 x (100/1000) x 206 = 3.1 g ecf (1)

(correct ans = (2) marks)

(iv) n(NaOH) = 0.1 x 12/100 = 1.2 x 10-3 moles (1)

n(A) = 0.6 x 10-3, so Mr = 0.1/(0.6 x 10-3) = 167 (allow 166-170) (1)

(correct ans = (2) marks)

This fits with HO2C-C6H4-CO2H (which has Mr = 166) (1) [7]

(b) (i) (Ka =) [H+][A-]/[HA] (1)

(ii) [H+] = √Ka.c = √6.3 x 10-6 x 0.15 = 9.72 x 10-4 (1)

pH = 3.0 (1)
(correct ans = (2) marks) [3]

(c) (i) one that resists/control/maintains changes in pH (NOT no change in pH) (1) [W’06 P4 Q02]

when small amounts of acid/H+ (or base/OH-) are added. (1)

(ii) HPO42- + H+ → H2PO4- (1)

H2PO4- + OH- → HPO42- + H2O (1)

(iii) pH = pKa + log ([base]/[acid])

= 7.2 + log (.002/.005) = 6.8 (2)
(correct ans = (2) marks: deduct (1) for each error,
e.g. if ratio is upside down, hence pH = 7.6, answer is worth (1)) [6]

[Total: 16 max 15]

© UCLES 2006

Bilal Hameed Acid, Base and Buffer 1

 (iii) Colour would change from orange [1]

to green [1]
6 [8]

6 (b) there are two ways of calculating the ratio:

pKa = –log10(Ka) = –log10(1.79 x 10–5) = 4.747 (4.75) or [H+] = 10-5.5 = 3.16 x 10-6 [1]

log10([B] / [A]) = pH – pKa = 0.753 (0.75) or [salt] / [acid] = Ka / [H+] [1]

∴ [B] / [A] = 100.753 = 5.66

or = 1.79 x 10–5 / 3.16 x 10–6 = 5.66
(or [A] / [B] = 0.177) [1]
(correct ratio = [3] marks)
Page 5 B + A = 100,∴ (100–A)Mark
since / A =Scheme
5.66 ⇒ Syllabus
vol of acid = 15 cm 3 Paper
GCE A LEVEL – May/June 2013 9701
vol of salt = 85 cm3 42 [1]
[4]
(c) (i) CH3CO2Na + HCl → CH3CO2H + NaCl [1]

(ii) CH3CO2H + NaOH → CH3CO2Na + H2O [1]

[2]

[S’13 P42 Q02]

(d) e.g. hydrolysis of esters RCO2R' (+ H2O) → RCO2H + R'OH or its reverse

or hydrolysis of amides: RCONH2 (+ H3O+) → RCO2H + NH4+

hydrolysis of nitriles: RCN (+ H3O+ + H2O) → RCO2H + NH4+

nitration of benzene (or any arene):

© Cambridge C6H6 Examinations
International + HNO3 → C6H5NO2 (+ H2O)
2013

dehydration of alcohols, e.g. : CH3CH(OH)CH3 → CH3CH=CH2 + H2O

(or the reverse)

halogenation of ketones, e.g. : CH3COCH3 + X2 → CH3COCH2X (+ HX)

[3]

[Total: 17]

3 (a) (i) HNO3 + H2SO4 [1]

conc (both acids) and 30oC < T < 60oC or warm [1]

(ii) dilute HNO3 or HNO3(aq)

and room temp. (allow T ≤ 30oC) [1]
[3]

(b) (allow intermediate from methylbenzene)

H NO2

[1]
[1]

(c) Sn/tin (or SnCl2, Fe) + HCl (NOT H2SO4 or H+, Zn, or LiAlH4.) [1]
[1]

Acid, Base and Buffer 1 Bilal Hameed

 Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
7
GCE A LEVEL – October/November 2013 9701 41

37 (a) (i) NH3 + HZ → NH4+ + Z- [1]

CH3OH + HZ → CH3OH2+ + Z- [1]

(ii) NH3 + B- → NH2- + BH [1]

CH3OH + B- → CH3O- + BH [1]

[4]

(b) (i) a reaction that can go in either direction [1]

(ii) rate of forward = rate of backward reaction

or forward/back reactions occurring but concentrations of all species do not change [1]

[2]

(c) (i) a solution that resists changes in pH [1]

when small quantities of acid or base/alkali are added [1]

(ii) in the equilibrium system HZ + H2O ! Z- + H3O+ [1]

addition of acid: reaction moves to the left

or H+ combines with Z- and forms HZ [1]

addition of base: the reaction moves to the right

or H+ combines with OH- and more Z- formed [1]

[5 max 4]

[W’13 P41 Q03]

(d) (i) [H+] = √(0.5 × 1.34 × 10-5) = 2.59 × 10-3 (mol dm-3) [1]

pH = 2.59/2.6 (min 1 d.p) ecf [1]

(ii) CH3CH2CO2H + NaOH → CH3CH2CO2Na + H2O [1]

(iii) n(acid) in 100 cm3 = 0.5 × 100/1000 = 0.05 mol

n(acid) remaining = 0.05 – 0.03 = 0.02 mol
[acid remaining] = 0.2 (mol dm-3) [1]

likewise, n(salt) = 0.03 mol

[salt] + 0.3 (mol dm-3) [1]

(iv) pH = 4.87 + log(0.3/0.2) = 5.04–5.05 ecf [1]

[6]

(e) G is CH3CH2COCl
H is SOCl2 or PCl5
J is NaCl [2]
(or corresponding Br compounds for G, H and J; CH3CH2COBr, SOBr2, NaBr)
[Total: 18]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

Bilal Hameed Acid, Base and Buffer 1

 Page 8 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2016 9701 42

8
Question Answer Marks

8 5(a)
Ka =
[HPO4 2- ][H3O+ ] 1
[H2PO4 ]
1

5(b)(i) a solution that resists changes in pH 1

when small amounts of acid and base / alkali are added 1

2
+
5(b)(ii) addition of acid: H + HPO42– H2PO4– OR H +
+ H2PO4– H3PO4 1
–
addition of base: HO + H2PO4– HPO42– + H2O 1
–
OR OH + HPO42– H2O + PO43–
2
+ –7.4 –8
5(c) [H ] = 10 = 3.98 10 1

[HPO42–] / [H2PO4–] = Ka / [H+] 1

([HPO42–] / [H2PO4–]) = 6.31 10–8 / 3.98 10–8 = 1.58-1.6 1

3
Page 9 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
5(d)(i) HCl + H2PO4– Cambridge
H3PO4 + Cl– International
OR H+ + H2PO –
AS/A
4 H3PO4– October/November 2016
Level 9701 42

OR H2O + H2PO4– H3PO4 + OH– 1

Question Answer Marks1

5(d)(ii) NaOH + HPO42– PO43– + H2O + Na+ OR OH– + HPO42– PO43– + H2O

OR H2O + HPO42– PO43– + H3O+ 1

1

Total: 10
© UCLES 2016 [W’16 P42 Q05]
Question Answer Marks

6(a) O 1

O
*

O
HO

Q O

6(b)(i) ratio of the concentration of a solute in the (two immiscible) solvents / liquids 1

at equilibrium 1
2

6(b)(ii) Kpartition = (0.06 / 40) / (0.25–0.06 / 10) or reversed ratio: Kpartition = (0.25–0.06 / 10) / (0.06 / 40) 1

Kpartition = 0.079 (0.0789) Kpartition = 12.7/13.0 1

2

© UCLES 2016

Acid, Base and Buffer 1 Bilal Hameed

 2(c)(ii) Eocell = 0.89 – 0.58 = + 0.31 V 1

2(c)(iii) 4HBrO3 ⊕ ⊕ τ 2Br2 + 5O2 + 2H2O 1

9
Question Answer Marks

9 3(a)(i) +
[H ] = ⎤ (Ka. c) = ⎤ (6.2 × 10 –10
× 0.1) 2
[H+] = 7.9 × 10–6
pH = –log[H+] = 5.1(0)

3(a)(ii) 1
[M'18 P42 Q03]
H C N

3(a)(iii) C: sp and N: sp 2
angle 180°

3(a)(iv) A is CH3NH2 2
B is HCO2H

3(b)(i) 2- 1

3(b)(ii) geometrical / cis-trans 1

© UCLES 2018 Page 5 of 10

Bilal Hameed Acid, Base and Buffer 1

 9701/42 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018
10
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

10 5(a) ionic radius / ion size increases OR charge density decreases (down the group) [1] 2

ion / NO3– / nitrate
less polarisation / distortion of anion / nitrate group
OR
N-O / N=O bond is less weakened / distorted / polarised
OR
more energy to break N-O / N=O bond [1]

5(b) • moles of Ce4+ = 0.0400 × 21.8 / 1000 = 8.72 × 10–4 (moles of Ce4+) 3

• moles of NO2– = 8.72 × 10–4 / 2 = 4.36 × 10–4 in 25 cm3 (use of 2:1 ratio correctly)
• moles of NO2– = 4.36 × 10–4 × 4 = 1.74(4) × 10–3 in 100 cm3 (use of 4:1 ratio correctly)
• mass NaNO2 = 1.74(4) × 10–3 × (23.0 + 14.0 + 32.0) = 0.120 g (use of Mr correctly)
• % purity = 0.120 / 0.138 = 86.96% (use of 0.0138 correctly)

two points = [1]

four points = [2]
all five points = [3]

5(c)(i) 5NO2– + 2MnO4– + 6H+ → 2Mn2+ + 5NO3– + 3H2O 2

OR 5HNO2 + 2MnO4– + H+ → 2Mn2+ + 5NO3– + 3H2O

all species correct [1] balanced [1]

5(c)(ii) Eocell = 1.52 – 0.94 = 0.58 (V) 1

5(d)(i) weak acid is partly ionised and strong acid is completely ionised 1

5(d)(ii) [H+ ][NO2 2 ] 1

Ka =
[HNO 2 ]

5(d)(iii) Ka = [H+]2 / [HNO2] 2
[H+] = √0.00069 × 0.15 = 1.02 × 10–2 [1]
pH = –log[H+] = 2.0 (1.99) [1] minimum 2 sigificant figures

5(d)(iv) % ionisation = 100 × 1.02 × 10–2 / 0.15 = 6.7–6.8 % 1

© UCLES 2018 Page 8 of 13

[W'18 P42 Q05]

Acid, Base and Buffer 1 Bilal Hameed

 –2993 + 148 + 736 + 1450 + 2∞Hf(OH–(g)) = –925
2∞Hf(OH–(g)) = –266
∞Hf(OH–(g)) = –133 (kJ mol–1)
11
Question Answer Marks

11 3(a)(i) M1 pH = –log[H+] 2

M2 Ka = [H+][A–]/[HA]

3(a)(ii) M1 A– + H+ τ HA OR NaA + H+ τ HA + Na+ 2

M2 HA + OH– τ H2O + A–

3(b) remaining n(HClO) = 0.17 – 0.03 = 0.14 mol (dm–3) 3

[H+] = 1.35 × 10–7 mol dm–3 OR calculate pKa (7.54) from Ka

pH = –log(1.35 × 10-7) = 6.87/ 6.9 OR pH = 7.54 + log(0.03/0.14) = 6.87

© UCLES 2019 Page 6 of 11

[M’19 P42 Q03]

Bilal Hameed Acid, Base and Buffer 1

 M3: 2nd curly arrow and H+ formed / lost

7(b)(ii) HSO4– + H+ → H2SO4 1

7(c) M1: C12H25Br and halogen carrier e.g. Al Br3 (+ heat) 2

12
M2: electrophilic substitution

12 7(d)(i)
K a2 =
[H+ ][SO422 ] 1
9701/41 [HSO4 2 ] Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2019
PUBLISHED
7(d)(ii) Ka of H2SO4 is larger than Ka2 1
Question Answer Marks

7(e) M1: [H+] = 10–2.90 = 1.26 × 10–3 2

M2: Ka = [1.26 × 10–3]2 / 0.025 = 6.3 × 10 –5

(mol dm–3)
© UCLES 2019 Page 10 of 14

[`S’19 P41 Q07]

© UCLES 2019 Page 11 of 14

Acid, Base and Buffer 1 Bilal Hameed

 correct answer scores 2 marks
Award 1 mark for two points, award 2 marks for three points

5(a)(iii) M1: moles Ag2S = 1 / 247.9 = 0.00403 moles [1] 2sf min 2

M2: 1.16 × 10–17 = 0.0040 / V so V = 3.5 × 1014 (dm3) [1] 2sf min ecf on M1

13
correct answer scores 2 marks

13 5(b)(i) M1: [H+] =  2.0 × 10 29 × 0.20 2

[H+] = 2.0 × 10–5 (1.9976 × 10–5)

9701/41 M2: pH = 4.7 (4.699) minimumCambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme
2 sig. fig. min October/November 2019
PUBLISHED
correct answer scores 2 marks
Question Answer Marks

5(b)(ii) M1: Both equilibria correctly stated 2

moles KOH = 0.005 × 0.2 = 1 × 10–3
moles HOBr(initial) = 0.020 × 0.2 = 4 × 10–3
moles HOBr(eqm) = 4 × 10–3 – 1 × 10-3 = 3 × 10–3
© UCLES 2019
moles BrO-(eqm) = 1 × 10–3 Page 9 of 14

M2: ratio [OBr–]/[HOBr] = 1/3

[H+] = 3 × 2.0 × 10–9 = 6 × 10–9
pH = 8.2(2)

correct answer scores 2 marks

Question Answer Marks

[W’19 P41 Q05]
6(a)(i) Mg(g) → Mg+(g) + e– 1

6(a)(ii) Sr(s) + 2H2O(l) → Sr(OH)2(aq) + H2(g) 1

6(a)(iii) more reactive and easier to ionise down the group 1

OR
more reactive and ionisation energies decrease down the group

6(b)(i) brown gas and white solid 1

6(b)(ii) 2Ca(NO3)2 → 2CaO + 4NO2 + O2 1

6(b)(iii) M1: more stable (down the group) 3

M2: cationic radius increases / charge density of M2+ decreases (down the group)

M3: NO3– anion is less polarised / distorted

© UCLES 2019 Page 10 of 14

Bilal Hameed Acid, Base and Buffer 1

 2(c) M1: rate = k[ester][OH ] 3

M2: value of k = 0.206

M3: units mol–1dm3s–1

14
Question Answer Marks

14 3(a)(i) 1.3 × 10–5 1

3(a)(ii) M1: Ka expression used correctly and Ka = 5.5(3) × 10–10 2

M2: pKa = 9.26

Award 2 marks for correct answer

3(b)(i) NH3 + H+ → NH4+ 1

3(b)(ii) NH4+ + OH– → NH3 + H2O 1
or H+ + OH– → H2O and reference to expression in Q shifting R

3(c)(i) quotes Kw = 1 × 10–14 or 1 × 10–1 [H+][OH–] 1

[H+] = 1 × 10–7

3(c)(ii) M1: [H+] = 2.3 × 10–7 (calculator value 2.290867 × 10–7) and Kw = [2.3 × 10–7]2 2

M2: Kw = 5.2 × 10–14 calculator 5.248074 × 10–14

Award 2 marks for correct answer

[`W’19 P42 Q03]

© UCLES 2019 Page 6 of 12

Acid, Base and Buffer 1 Bilal Hameed

 M2 ∆G = (65.5)- (298x0.033) = +55.7 kJ mol-1 min 3sf

M3 ∆G = positive so not feasible/spontaneous

15
Question Answer Marks

15 8(a) M1 a solution that resists changes in pH 2

M2 when small amounts of acid and alkali are added to it

8(b)(i) Ka = [NH3][H+] 1
[NH4+]
9701/41 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme MAY/JUNE 2020
8(b)(ii) M1 NH4+ + OH- ! NH3 + H2O PUBLISHED 2
M2 NH3 + H3O+ ! NH4+ + H2O
Question Answer Marks

8(b)(iii) M1 moles NH3(initial) = 0.25 x 0.80 = 0.200 AND 3

moles HCl = 0.20 x 0.20 = 0.040 (= moles NH4+eqm)
© UCLES 2020 Page 13 of 15

M2 moles NH3(eqm) = 0.20 – 0.04 = 0.160

[H+] = (5.6 x10-10 x 0.04)/(0.16) = 1.4 x 10-10 (mol dm-3) ecf on M1

M3 pH = -log(1.4 x 10-10) = 9.85 ecf on M2 min 2sf

Question Answer Marks

[`S’20 P41 Q08]
9(a) M1 data seen H2O2/H2O +1.77V and MnO2/Mn2+ +1.23 V and O2/H2O2 +0.68 V 3
OR Ecell= 0.55 V (first step) and 0.54 V (second step)

M2 MnO2 + H2O2 + 2H+ ! Mn2+ + O2 + 2H2O

M3 Mn2+ + H2O2 ! MnO2 + 2H+

9(b) rate = 2.0 x 10-6 x 0.75 = 1.5 x 10-6 1

9(c)(i) slowest step in overall reaction 1

9(c)(ii) H2O2 + 2H+ + 2I- ! I2 + 2H2O 1

OR H2O2 + 2HI ! I2 + 2H2O

9(c)(iii) H2O2 = 1 AND I- = 1 AND H+ = 0 1

Question Answer Marks

10(a) +4 and any of +1, +2, +3 1

10(b) close similarity of energy of the 4s and 3d sub-shells 1

© UCLES 2020 Page 14 of 15

Bilal Hameed Acid, Base and Buffer 1

 16

Acid, Base and Buffer WS 2

1

[S'02 P4 Q01]

Acid, Base and Buffer 2 Bilal Hameed

 Page 1 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
17 2004
A LEVEL – NOVEMBER 9701 4

12 (a) (i) strong, because final pH is about 14 [1]

(ii) (pH = 0.70) ! [H+] = 10-0.7 = 0.20 (mol dm-3) [1]

" [H2SO4] = (0.10 mol dm-3) ecf [1]

(iii) (end point is at 34.0 cm3 ( ± 0.5 cm3), so)

amount of H+ used = 0.2 x 25/1000 = 0.0050 mol ecf from (ii) [1]

moles of guanidine = moles of H+ = 0.0050 mol

[guanidine] = 0.005 x 1000/34.0 = 0.147 (mol dm-3) [1]

allow range: 0.145 – 0.149 ecf in 0.005 or 34.0 [1]

(iv) Mr = 8.68/0.147 = 59 (allow range 58 – 60) ecf from (iii) [1] 6

(b) (i) 7 CaSO4 + 3 Ca(H2PO4)2 + 2 HF [1]

(ii) Mr values: Ca(H2PO4)2 = 234.1, H2SO4 = 98.0 [1]

234.1 x 3 = 702.3 98 x 7 = 686 both [1]

ecf from ratios in equation, and from Mr values

" mass of H2SO4 needed = 1.0 x 686/702.3 = 0.98 kg [1]

(correct answer = [3] marks. accurate value is: 0.977 kg.

Allow ecf from incorrect Mr or incorrect multipliers) 4

(c) (i) A solution that resists changes in pH [NOT: results in no pH change] [W’04[1]
P4 Q01]

when small amounts of H+ or OH- are added [1]

(ii) pH = -log10(6.3 x 10-8) + log10(0.1/0.2) = 6.9 [1]

or [H+] = (6.3 x 10-8) x 0.2/0.1 = 1.26 x 10-7

" pH = -log10(1.26 x 10-7) = 6.9 3

Total 13

2 (a) O2 + 4H+ + 4e- 2H2O (or equation ÷ 2) [1] 1

(b) ⊕ [1] 1

(c) 1.23 (V) (ignore sign) [1] 1

(d) a better/larger salt bridge or a diaphragm or larger (area of) electrodes

or increase concentrations/pressure [1] 1

Bilal Hameed Acid, Base and Buffer 2

© University of Cambridge International Examinations 2005
 Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper
GCE A/AS LEVEL – May/June 2009 9701 04
18 A
Section

3
1 (a) acids are proton/H+ donors [1]
bases are proton/H+ acceptors [1] [2]

(b) (i) more Cl atoms produce a stronger acid or the larger the Ka the stronger the acid
(NOT just “the more Cl atoms, the larger the Ka” – must refer to acid strength) [1]
because the anion/RCO2– is more stable or the O-H bond is weaker/polarised [1]
due to the electronegativity/electron-withdrawing effect of Cl [1]

(ii) [H+] = √(Ka.c) = 0.0114 (mol dm–3) [1]

pH = 1.94 (allow 1.9) ecf from [H+] [1]
(correct answer = [2])

(iii)

start at pH = 1.94 (ecf from (ii) and goes up > 2 pH units before steep portion) [1]
steep portion (over at least 3 pH units) at V = 10 cm3 [1]
flattens off at pH 12–13 [1] [8]

(c) (i) CH3CO2H + OH– → CH3CO2– + H2O [1]

CH3CO2– + H+ → CH3CO2H [1]

(ii) pKa = –log10(1.7 x 10–5) = 4.77 or [H+] = 8.5 x 10–6 (mol dm–3) [1]
pH = pKa + log10(0.2/0.1) = 5.07 (allow 5.1) [1]
(correct answer = [2]) [4]

[S’09 P4 Q01]
[Total: 14]

© UCLES 2009

Acid, Base and Buffer 2 Bilal Hameed

 (ii) Ka = [H+]2/c = 6.31 × 10–5 (mol dm–3) (allow ecf from (i)) (1) [2]

[Total: 13]
19

74 (a) NH2CH2CH2CH2NH2 + HCl → NH2CH2CH2CH2NH3+ Cl – (1)

NH2CH2CH2CH2NH3+ Cl – + HCl → Cl – NH3+CH2CH2CH2NH3+ Cl – (1) [2]
(Deduct 1 only, if Cl – omitted twice but allow with H+)

(b) starts at 11.3 and finished as 1.6 (1)

steep portions at 10 cm3 and 20 cm3 volume added (1) [2]

[W’10 P43 Q07]

[Total: 4]

© UCLES 2010

Bilal Hameed Acid, Base and Buffer 2

 + CO2 or HO2C-CO2H
O
[1] [1]
20

5 (c) (i) Kw = [H+][OH–] [1]

(ii) In 0.15 mol dm–3 NaOH, [OH-] = 0.15 mol dm–3

[H+] = Kw / [OH–], so [H+] = 1 × 10–14 / 0.15 = 6.67 × 10–14 mol dm–3 [1]
pH = -log10[H+] = 13.18 (13.2) ecf from [H+] [1]

(iii) piperidine is a poorer proton acceptor

or piperidine is partially ionised [1]

(iv) piperidine should be a stronger base/more basic than ammonia

because of the electron-donating (alkyl/CH2) groups [1]

(d) (i) n(HCl) at start = 0.1 × 20/1000 = 2.0 × 10–3 mol

n(HCl) at finish = 2 × 10–3 – 1.5 × 10–3 = 0.0005/5 × 10–4 mol [1]

(ii) this is in 30 cm3 of solution, so [HCl] at finish = 0.5 × 10–3/0.030 = 1.67 × 10–2 mol dm–3
pH = –log10(1.67 × 10–2) = 1.78 ecf from (d)(i) [1]

(iii) pH / vol curve: start at pH 11.9 [1]

vertical portion at V = 15 cm3 [1]
levels off at pH 1.8 [1]

(iv) indicator is B [1]

[S’14 P41 Q03]

[Total: 16]

4 (a) three from phenol

(secondary) alcohol
(primary) amine
arene / aryl / benzene 3 × [1]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2014

Acid, Base and Buffer 2 Bilal Hameed

 3

(b) heat with dilute H+(aq) or H2SO4(aq) [1]

21
1
6 (c) (i) Ka larger than that for ethanol because
the ethanoate ion / CH3CO2– is stabilised by charge delocalisation
or
the O–H bond is weakened due to its proximity to C=O / carbonyl group or
the second electronegative / oxygen atom [1]

Ka smaller than that for chloroethanoic acid because

electron-withdrawing / electronegative chlorine (atom) makes the anion more
stable or O–H bond weaker or H more easily lost [1]

(ii) [H+] = √([CH3CO2H] × Ka) = √(0.1 × 1.75 × 10–5) = 1.32(3) × 10–3 (mol dm–3) [1]

pH = –log10[H+] = 2.88 (2.9) [1]

(d) (i) n(NaOH) at start = 0.1 × 20/1000 = 2.0 × 10–3 mol

n(NaOH) at finish = 1.0 × 10–3 mol [1]

(ii) this is in 30 cm3 of solution,

so [NaOH] at finish = 1.0 × 10–3 / 0.030 = 3.3(3) × 10–2 mol dm–3 ([2 s.f.) ecf
from (i) [1]

(iii) [H+] = Kw / [OH–] = 1 × 10–14 / 3.33 × 10–2 = 3.0 × 10–13 mol dm–3
pH = –log10[H+] = 12.5(2) [1]

or pOH = –log10(3.33 × 10–2) = 1.48

pH = pKw – pOH = 14 – 1.48 = 12.5(2) [1]

(iv) pH / vol curve: start at pH 2.88 (2.9) ecf [1]

vertical (over at least 2 pH units) portion at V = 10 cm3 [1]

levels off at pH 12.5 ± 0.3 ecf [1]

(v) indicator is thymolphthalein [1]

[S’14 P42 Q03]

7

[Total: 15]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2014

Bilal Hameed Acid, Base and Buffer 2

 Page 16 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2016 9701 41

22Answer
Question Mark

7 7(a) moles of thiosulfate = 0.1 20.8 / 1000 = 2.08 10–3 1

moles of ClO– in 25 cm3 portion = 2.08 10–3 / 2 = 1.04 10–3 1

(moles of ClO– in 250 cm3 = 1.04 10–2)

concentration of ClO– = 1.04 10–2 / (10 / 1000) = 1.04 (mol dm–3) 1

3

7(b)(i) starch 1
1

7(b)(ii) blue OR black to colourless 1

1

7(b)(iii) towards / close to the end-point of the titration / when the solution goes yellow 1
1
–3 –
7(c) moles of O2 = 82 / 24 000 = 3.42 10 = moles ClO ions 1

concentration of ClO– = 3.42 10–3 / (5 / 1000) = 0.68 / 0.683 / 0.684 (mol dm–3) 1

7(d)(i) [C3H3N3O3 ][HCl O3 ] 3

Kc = 1
[C3 Cl 3N3 O3 ][H2 0]3
1

Page 17 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper

7(d)(ii) (position of eqm) moves to the
Cambridge right / forward
International reaction
AS/A Levelpredominates / more HClO
– October/November made 9701
2016 (as [HClO] decreases)
41 1

no effect on Kc 1
Answer Mark 2
Question

7(d)(iii) 2HClO 2HCl + O2 © UCLES 2016

1
OR 2HClO H2 + Cl2 + O2
1
+
7(e)(i) addition of acid: H + HCO3– H2CO3 1
+
OR H + HCO3– H2O + CO2

addition of base: OH– + H2CO3 HCO3– + H2O 1

OR H+ + OH– H2O and position of eqm moves to the right

OR OH– + HCO3– CO32– + H2O

2
+
7(e)(ii) Ka = ([H ][HCO3–] / [H2CO3])

[H+] = (7.94 10–7) 1 / 9.5 = 8.36 10–8 1

pH = – log[H+] = 7.08 1
2

Total: 16
[W’16 P41 Q07]

© UCLES 2016

Acid, Base and Buffer 2 Bilal Hameed

 2

∞S is therefore expected to be more negative/less positive for reaction 3. 1

Total: 13
23
Question Answer Marks

8 2(a)(i) 1+1

O C N H N C O
H

16 electrons on each diagram 1

2(a)(ii) HNC = 115–125° AND NCO = 180° 1

2(a)(iii) cyanic acid, because it’s a stronger / higher bond enthalpy / triple / C≡N / more electrons involved bond 1
+ –4 –3
2(b)(i) [H ] = ⎤ ([HNCO]Ka) = ⎤ (0.1 × 1.2 × 10 ) or 3.46 × 10 1

pH = log [H+] = 2.5 (2.46) 1

2(b)(ii) Na2CO3 + 2(NH2)2CO ⊕ ⊕ τ 2NaNCO + CO2 + 2NH3 + H2O 1

– –3
2(c)(i) (n(OH ) at start = (2 × 0.1 × 30) / 1000 = 6 × 10  mol)
(n(OH–) reacted = (0.1 × 20) / 1000 = 2 × 10–3 mol)
9701/41 May/June 20171
n(OH–) remaining = (6–2) × 10–3 = 4Cambridge
× 10–3 mol,International
(in 50 cm3) AS/A Level – Mark Scheme
PUBLISHED
Question so [OH–]end = (4 × 10–3 × 1000) / 50 = 0.08 mol dm–3 Answer Marks1

2(c)(ii) [H+] = Kw / [OH–] = (1 × 10–14) / 0.08 = 1.25 × 10–13 mol dm–3 1

–13
so pH = –log(1.25 × 10 ) = 12.9 1
© UCLES 2017 Page 3 of 12
2(c)(iii) curve starts at 2.46 / 2.5 1

vertical portion (end point) at vol added = 10.0 cm3 1

finishes at pH = 12.9 1

2(d)(i) monodentate: (a species that) forms one dative / coordinate bond 1

ligand: a species that uses a lone pair of electrons to form a dative / coordinate bond to a metal atom / metal ion
[S’17 P41 Q02]
1

2(d)(ii) [Ag(NCO)2]– or [Ag(OCN)2]– correct formula 1

correct charge 1
–3
2(e)(i) n(BaCO3) =1.66 / 197.3 = 8.4(1) × 10  mol 1
–3 –3
2(e)(ii) n(RNCO) = 8.41 × 10 mol, so Mr = 1 / (8.41 × 10 ) = 119 1

2(e)(iii) molecular formula = C7H5NO 1

© UCLES 2017 Page 4 of 12

Bilal Hameed Acid, Base and Buffer 2

 24
Question Answer Marks

9 4(a) M1 solubility decreases (down the Group) [1] 3

M2 because lattice energy and hydration energy decreases
OR lattice energy and hydration energy become less exothermic / more endothermic [1]
9701/41 Cambridge
M3 because hydration energy decreases International
to a greater AS/A
extent Level
(than does– ∞H
Mark )Scheme October/November 2018
Latt [1]
PUBLISHED
+ –
4(b)(i)
Question (Kw = ) [H ][OH ] Answer 1
Marks

4(b)(ii) [1] or each correct tick 2

effect of increasing
decreases stay the same increase
temperature

pH !
© UCLES 2018 + - Page 7 of 14
ratio of [H ]:[OH ] !

4(c) [H+] = 10–13.25 = 5.62 × 10–14 [1] 2

[OH–] = Kw/[H+] = 1.0 × 10–14/5.62 × 10–14
[OH–] = 0.18 (0.178) (mol dm–3) [1] ecf correct answer scores [2]

4(d) HCO3– + H+ τ H2CO3 OR HCO3– + H+ τ CO2 + H2O [1] 2

H2CO3 + OH– τ HCO3– + H2O [1]

4(e)(i) CH3COOH + H2O CH3COO– + H3O+ [1] 2

acid + base base + acid [1]

4(e)(ii) M1 moles NaOH = 0.15 × 20/1000 = 0.0030 AND initial moles CH3COOH = 0.25 × 30/1000 OR 0.0075 [1] 4

M2 equilibrium moles CH3COOH = 0.0045 AND equilibrium moles CH3COONa = 0.0030 [1]

M3 [CH3COOH] = 0.0045/0.05 = 0.090 AND [CH3COONa] = 0.003/0.05 = 0.060

[H+] = Ka × [CH3COOH]/[CH3COONa] = 2.625 × 10–5 [1]

M4 pH = –log[H+] = 4.6 [1] correct answer scores [4]

4(f)(i) end point = 28 cm3 1

4(f)(ii) M1 reaction M bromothymol (blue) / bromocresol (green) AND reaction N bromothymol (blue) / thymolphthalein [1] 2

M2 (both indicators have) a pH range / colour change within / in end-point / vertical region / sharp fall of the graph [1]

© UCLES 2018 Page 8 of 14

[W’18 P41 Q04]

Acid, Base and Buffer 2 Bilal Hameed

 25

Bilal Hameed Acid, Base and Buffer 2