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    MATH 12 Lecture 4

    Uploaded by

    Reyzhel Mae Matienzo
    The document provides examples and step-by-step solutions for integrating several trigonometric functions. It includes integrals of sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant functions both alone and combined with other trig functions. The solutions demonstrate multiple integration techniques including trigonometric substitutions and the use of integral identities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    MATH 12 Lecture 4

    Uploaded by

    Reyzhel Mae Matienzo
    11 views5 pages
    The document provides examples and step-by-step solutions for integrating several trigonometric functions. It includes integrals of sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant functions both alone and combined with other trig functions. The solutions demonstrate multiple integration techniques including trigonometric substitutions and the use of integral identities.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document provides examples and step-by-step solutions for integrating several trigonometric functions. It includes integrals of sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant functions both alone and combined with other trig functions. The solutions demonstrate multiple integration techniques including trigonometric substitutions and the use of integral identities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views5 pages

    MATH 12 Lecture 4

    Uploaded by

    Reyzhel Mae Matienzo
    The document provides examples and step-by-step solutions for integrating several trigonometric functions. It includes integrals of sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant functions both alone and combined with other trig functions. The solutions demonstrate multiple integration techniques including trigonometric substitutions and the use of integral identities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    INTEGRATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION

    1. ∫ sin u du = − cos u + C
    2. ∫ cos u du = sin u + C
    3. ∫ tan u du = ln(sec u) + C
    4. ∫ cot u du = ln(sin u) + C
    5. ∫ sec u du = ln(sec u + tan u) + C
    6. ∫ csc u du = ln(csc u − cot u) + C
    7. ∫ sec u tan u du = sec u + C
    8. ∫ csc u cot u du = − csc u + C

    9. ∫ sin u du = u − sin 2u + C

    10. ∫ cos u du = u + sin 2u + C

    11. ∫ tan u du = tan u − u + C


    12. ∫ cot u du = −cot u − u + C
    13. ∫ sec u du = tan u + C
    14. ∫ csc² u du = −cot u + C

    Examples:

    1. ∫ sin 𝑥𝑑𝑥

    1
    𝑢= 𝑥
    2

    1
    𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
    2

    2𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥

    = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 (2𝑑𝑢) = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑢

    𝟏
    = −𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝒄
    𝟐
    2.∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥

    𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

    𝑑𝑢 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥

    −𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥

    = 𝑢 (−𝑑𝑢) = − 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

    𝑢
    = − +𝑐
    3

    𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙
    = − +𝒄
    𝟑

    3. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
    √

    = ∫ cos 𝑥 (1 − sin 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

    Let 𝑢 = 1 − sin 𝑥

    𝑑𝑢 = − cos 𝑥 • 1 𝑑𝑥
    𝑑𝑢
    = cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
    −1

    = -∫ 𝑑𝑢

    = -[2𝑢 ] + 𝐶

    = −𝟐√ 𝟏 −𝐬𝐢𝐧𝒙 +𝑪

    4. ∫ 𝑑𝑥

    𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
    = 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥
    𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

    = 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥

    = 𝒙 + 𝒍𝒏 (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙) + 𝒄
    ( )
    5. ∫ 𝑑𝑥

    Let 𝑢 = ln 𝑥

    1
    𝑑𝑢 = • 1 𝑑𝑥
    𝑥
    1
    𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
    𝑥
    = ∫ cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
    = ln (sin 𝑢) + 𝐶

    = 𝐈𝐧 [𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝐥𝐧 𝒙)] + 𝑪

    6. ∫ csc 5𝑥 cot 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥

    Let 𝑢 = 5𝑥

    𝑑𝑢 5
    = 𝑑𝑥
    5 5
    𝑑𝑢
    = 𝑑𝑥
    5
    = ∫ csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

    = [−csc 𝑢] + 𝐶

    𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝟓𝒙
    =− +𝑪
    𝟓
    7. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
    𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥

    𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥

    = 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

    𝑢
    = +𝑐
    4
    𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟒 𝒙
    = +𝒄
    𝟒
    8. ∫(𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

    = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥𝑑𝑥

    𝑑𝑢
    𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥 ; = 𝑑𝑥
    2
    = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑢𝑑𝑢 + sin 2(2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑑𝑢

    = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑢𝑑𝑢 + sin(4𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑑𝑢

    𝑑𝑢
    𝑢 = 4𝑥 ; = 𝑑𝑥
    4
    1 1 1 1 1 1 1
    = (2𝑥) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2(2𝑥) + (−𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥) + (2𝑥) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2(2𝑥) +𝑐
    2 2 4 4 2 2 4
    𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒𝒙
    =𝒙− +𝒄
    𝟒

    9. ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑙𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 𝑑𝜃

    𝑢 = ln 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
    1
    𝑑𝑢 = ∙ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃
    𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
    𝑑𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃

    = 𝑢𝑑𝑢

    𝑢 𝑢
    = +𝑐 = +𝑐
    1+1 2
    (𝒍𝒏 (𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜃)𝟐
    = +𝒄
    𝟐
    10. ∫ √1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥

    √1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
    = √1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑥
    √1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
    𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
    =
    √1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
    𝑢 = 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
    𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥

    = 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

    𝑢
    = +𝑐
    1
    −2 + 1
    𝑢
    = + 𝑐 = 2√𝑢 + 𝑐
    1
    2

    = 𝟐√𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄

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