Grammar 1 past time

1. c (returned)

2. d (puts)

3. b (leaves)

4. c (had to)

5. b (packing)

6.c (realized)

7.a (hadn`t made)

8. d (had booked)

9. b (had checked in)

10. c (had forgotten)

11. a (was phoning)

12. d (rang)

13. d (had arrived)

14. c (noted)

15. a (picked up)

16. d (run)

17. b (was looking)

18. c (was thinking)

19. a (remembered)

20. a (had left)

Grammar 2 present perfect

5. This is my first visit to Japan. TIME

This is the first time I have visited to Japan

6. How long have Helen and Robert been married? GET

When have they gotten married?

7. Jack bought those trousers last month and has been wearing them ever since. FOR

Jack has been wearing trousers for he bought them.

8. It is a long time since our last conversation. SPOKEN

We haven`t spoken for ages.

9. Thanks, but I had something to eat earlier. ALREADY

10. This is my first game of water-polo. PLAYED

I have never played game of water-polo.

6. Complete the text with the best form of the verbs in brackets.

1 has discovered

2 has been drilling

3 found

4 has discovered

5 lent

6 gave

7 has been

8 has already welcomed

9 has asked

10 happened

11 found

12 have become

13 didn`t tell

14 refused

15 have asked

1. Problems of accessible education exist, and this not only applies to underdeveloped
countries, but also to developed countries like the USA.
The introduction of machine learning - forming large classes (registering up to 100,000 people).
If there were classroom classes for that many people, it would take 250 years.
The arguments:
1. the best training for large numbers of people
2. increased interest of people in courses from top institutions
3. education is accessible to low-income families and people with disabilities
4. certified courses help to get an easier education at university or a job
5. opportunity to use individual study program, to answer questions, to check whether they
have learnt the program
6. promotes critical thinking
7. encourages students to work on themselves
8. promotes socialization of students internationally
9. 98% higher average productivity of students

How to make a high-quality education accessible:

6th Oct. housework

Briefly about on-line education:

In the TED -video (Why massive open online courses (still) matter), the narrator made several
arguments for online education (so-called blended courses):
1.It is a wide access for students (155,000 people were enrolled from 162 countries for one pilot
course launch)
2. It is an opportunity to study in the comfort of the student
3. It is an opportunity to interact with people from all over the world and to learn with everyone
4. Students learn more actively, there is an increase in academic performance
5. Students can choose to study at their own pace
6. Knowledge assessment does not require much time; evaluation of knowledge is done by
computer
7. Material is taught in an interesting and engaging way, gamification, which allows students to
show more interest
These are the main reasons given by Anant Agarwal for using online courses.
These are the main reasons given by Anant Agarwal for using online courses.
It is very interesting that he did not mention the disadvantages of online courses. Only in passing
could such disadvantages of such training be substituted:
1. the small number of students who complete the course (which he mentioned) - i.e. far fewer
students complete the course than statistically at university.
2. the need for access to digital technology, without which this method simply cannot exist
3. universities buy a licence for a particular course, which can sometimes be costly, but it is very
unlikely.

From the article (Prons and cons of on-line education) it can be seen that, on the one hand, the
author has highlighted the following advantages of on-line education:
1. Increased student interest in (licensed) courses
2. Also the accessibility of courses
3. Ability to conduct classes in a suitable location for students and yet, they do not incur
additional costs and can choose the time convenient for them for classes.
On the other hand the author also showed the disadvantages of such training. To this end, he
gave the following arguments:
1. Isolation of the student from the teacher and other students face to face
2. Students need to be self-disciplined and self-reliant

As can be seen from the above two sources, the opinions of the authors are somewhat similar,
but at the same time Anant Agarwal gives the learner a much stronger argument for the use of
online learning.

CV – PDF file
Do grammar (grammar and vocabulary)

1. it-clause

1.1… it-clause

1.1. B
1.2. A
1.3. C
1.4. C
1.5. A
1.6. B
1.2. A suitable it-clause: A -c , B – a. The best place for it-clause: A – 1, B – 1
2. Expressing personal opinions impersonally
2.1. 1-a ,2-b ,3-a ,4-b
2.2. Rephrase the extract using impersonal it-clause:
1. In my opinion, computers may soon take over from the teacher as the main information
provider in the classroom. If this happens, I think that the profession of teaching will become
seriously devalued.
Rephrasing: It is possible that computers …. It is likely that the profession…

2. I don`t think it is surprising that so few people turned out to vote in general
election. We need to remember that this was the third general election in as many years.
Rephrasing: It isn`t surprising that… It is necessary to remember
3. I wish to point out here that oil production is in decline. Consequently, in my
view a further rise in petrol prices is inevitable.
Rephrasing: It is worth to point out that… it is inevitable that further rise in petrol prices.
4. We should recognize that there are few benefits in keeping animals for food.
Animals cause damage to the environment, and meat is less healthy than vegetables.
Consequently, it seems to me that governments need to discourage people from eating meat,
and in turn I believe this will probably reduce the number of animals kept for food.
Rephrasing: It has to recognized… it may seemed than… it is probably to reduce the (it is
likely that this will reduce ….)

Read your own research papers and get ready to answer (speak about the main ideas and vocabulary)

1. Article “Nicotinamide riboside has protective effects in a rat model of mesenteric ischaemia‐
reperfusion” which has been published in Int J Exp Pathol. doi: 10.1111/iep.12302
2. Vocabulary:
patho‐morphological adjective патоморфологический
compensate verb to pay someone money in exchange for something that has been lost or damaged or for some problem компенсировать
deficiency noun a state of not having, or not having enough, of something that is needed недостаток
one of many very small finger-like parts that are found on the inside surface of the small intestine and
villus help food to be absorbed
noun ворсинка
property noun an object or objects that belong to someone свойство
tendency noun If someone has a tendency to do or like something, they will probably do it or like it тенденция
a line on a sports field, such as the one in tennis, that marks the end of the playing area, or the one in
baseline noun baseball that marks the path along which players run базовый уровень
intensification noun the fact of becoming greater, more serious, or more extreme, or of making something do this интенсификация
restore verb to return something or someone to an earlier good condition or position восстановить
deviate verb to do something that is different from the usual or common way of behaving отклонять
omit verb to fail to include or do something опустить
dissolve verb (of a solid) to be absorbed by a liquid, especially when mixed, or (of a liquid) to absorb a solid растворять
embedded adjective fixed into the surface of something встроенный
embed verb to fix something firmly into a substance внедрять
routinely adverb used for describing what often or usually happens регулярно
randomly adverb in a way that happens, is done, or is chosen by chance rather than according to a plan случайно
spontaneous adjective happening or done in a natural, often sudden way, without any planning or without being forced спонтанный
detrimental adjective causing harm or damage пагубный
ensure verb to make something certain to happen обеспечить
ultimately adverb finally, after a series of things have happened в конечном итоге
intracellular adjective happening inside a cell or cells внутриклеточный
urgent adjective very important and needing attention immediately срочный
inflammatory adjective intended or likely to cause anger or hate воспалительный
the action of preventing something, especially a system, process, or event, from continuing as usual or
disruption noun as expected нарушение
evaluate verb to judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount, or value of something оценить
occlude verb to block something окклюзировать
simulate verb to do or make something that looks real but is not real имитировать
utmost adjective used to emphasize how important or serious something is максимальный
imbalance noun a situation in which two things that should be equal or that are normally equal are not дисбаланс
gangrene noun the decay of a part of a person's body because the blood has stopped flowing there гангрена
inadequate adjective not good enough or too low in quality неадекватный
mesenteric adjective relating to the mesentery (= the membrane that connects the bowel to the back wall of the abdomen) брыжейка
acute adjective If a bad situation is acute, it causes severe problems or damage острый

3. Main idea of article

Perhaps the protective effect of NR in this pathology is related to its metabolism to nicotinamide, which is
subsequently converted to NAD+.

Given the complexity of the pathogenic process of small intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion, the energy metabolism of
damaged cells and the relaxation function of mesenteric vessels should be the main points of action of nicotinamide
riboside.

These findings can be used to develop new therapies to reduce ischaemic-reperfusion damage and preserve intestinal
grafts prior to transplantation. But further studies of the drug agent are needed before introduction into practice.