Section 2 Equations and Inequalities (Workbook)

Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
Topic 1: Equations: True or False? ..................................................................................................................................... 29

Topic 2: Identifying Properties When Solving Equations ................................................................................................ 31
Topic 3: Solving Equations ................................................................................................................................................. 34
Topic 4: Solving Equations Using the Zero Product Property ......................................................................................... 36
Topic 5: Solving Inequalities - Part 1 ................................................................................................................................. 38
Topic 6: Solving Inequalities - Part 2 ................................................................................................................................. 40
Topic 7: Solving Compound Inequalities ......................................................................................................................... 43
Topic 8: Rearranging Formulas ......................................................................................................................................... 47
Topic 9: Solution Sets to Equations with Two Variables .................................................................................................. 49

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The following South Carolina College- and Career-Ready Algebra 1 Standards will be covered in this section:
A1.ACE.1* - Create and solve equations and inequalities in one variable that model real-world problems involving linear,
quadratic, simple rational, and exponential relationships. Interpret the solutions and determine whether they are reasonable.
A1.ACE.2* - Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities. Graph the equations
on coordinate axes using appropriate labels, units, and scales. (Limit to linear; quadratic; exponential with integer
exponents; direct and indirect variation.)
A1.ACE.4* - Solve literal equations and formulas for a specified variable including equations and formulas that arise in a
variety of disciplines.
A1.AREI.1* - Understand and justify that the steps taken when solving simple equations in one variable create new equations
that have the same solution as the original.
A1.AREI.3* - Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by
letters.
A1.AREI.4* - Solve mathematical and real-world problems involving quadratic equations in one variable.
A1.AREI.10* - Explain that the graph of an equation in two variables is the set of all its solutions plotted in the coordinate
plane.
A1.ASE.2* - Analyze the structure of binomials, trinomials, and other polynomials in order to rewrite equivalent expressions.
Standards denoted by an asterisk (*) are SCCCR Graduation Standards, a subset of the SCCCR Content Standards for Mathematics that specify the mathematics high school students should
know and be able to do in order to be both college- and career-ready. All SCCCR Graduation Standards are supported and extended by the SCCCR Content Standards for Mathematics.
28
Section 2: Equations and Inequalities Let’s Practice!
Section 2 – Topic 1
1. Determine whether the following number sentences are
Equations: True or False? true or false. Justify your answer.
Consider the statement 4 + 5 = 2 + 7. This is a grammatically
a. 13 + 4 = 7 + 11
correct sentence.
Is the sentence true or false?
+ -
b. + = 1.4 − 0.275
, .
Consider the statement 1 + 3 = 8 + 6. This statement is also a

grammatically correct sentence.
Is the sentence true or false?
Try It!
2. Determine whether the following number sentences are

The previous statements are examples of number sentences. true or false. Justify your answer.
Ø A number sentence is a statement of equality a. 83 ⋅ 401 ⋅ 638 = 401 ⋅ (638 ⋅ 83)

between two __________________ expressions.
Ø A number sentence is said to be true if both numerical

expressions are ___________________.
Ø If both numerical expressions don’t equal the same

number, we say the number sentence is ____________. b. (6 + 4), = 6, + 4,
Ø True and false statements are called truth values.
29
A number sentence is an example of an algebraic equation. Let’s Practice!
Ø An algebraic equation is a statement of equality 3. Consider the algebraic equation 6 + 3 = 9.

between two __________________.
a. What value can we substitute for 6 to make it a true
Ø Algebraic equations can be number sentences (when number sentence?
both expressions contain only numbers), but often
they contain ________________ whose values have not
been determined.
b. How many values could we substitute for 6 and have
a true number sentence?
Consider the algebraic equation 4 6 + 2 = 46 + 8.
Are the expressions on each side of the equal sign equivalent?

Justify your answer.
4. Consider the algebraic equation 6 + 6 = 6 + 9. What
values could we substitute for 6 to make it a true number
sentence?
Try It!
What does this tell you about the numbers we can substitute 5. Complete the following sentences.
for 6?
a. 8 , = 4 is true for _________________________.
b. 29 = 9 + 9 is true for _________________________.
c. 8 + 67 = 8 + 68 is true for _________________________.
30
BEAT THE TEST! Section 2 – Topic 2
Identifying Properties When Solving Equations
1. Which of the following equations have the correct
solution? Select all that apply. The following equations are equivalent. Describe the
operation that occurred in the second equation.
¨ 26 + 5 = 19; 6 = 7
¨ 3 + 6 + 2 − 6 = 16; 6 = 3 3 + 5 = 8 and 3 + 5 − 5 = 8 − 5
; < ,
¨ = 2; 6 = 8
-
¨ 6 = 26 − 8; 6 = 7
+
¨ 14 = 6 + 5; 6 = 18
=
6 − 3 = 7 and 6 − 3 + 3 = 7 + 3
,(>) .
2(4) = 8 and =
, ,
; ;
= 3 and 2 ⋅ =2⋅3
, ,
This brings us to some more properties that we can use to write

Want some help? You can always ask questions on
the Algebra Wall and receive help from other
equivalent equations.
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31
Properties of Equality Let’s Practice!
If 6 is a solution to an equation, then 6 will also be a solution to 1. The following equations are equivalent. Determine the
the new equation formed when the same number is added to property that was used to write the second equation.
each side of the original equation.
a. 6 − 5 = 36 + 7 and 6 − 5 + 5 = 36 + 7 + 5
These are the addition and subtraction properties of equality.
Ø If ? = @, then ? + A = @ + A and ? − A = @ − A.
b. 6 = 36 + 12 and 6 − 36 = 36 − 36 + 12
Ø Give examples of this property.
E,; +,
c. −26 = 12 and =
E, E,
If 6 is a solution to an equation, 6 will also be a solution to the

new equation formed when each side of the original equation
is multiplied by the same number.
These are the multiplication and division properties of equality.
B D
Ø If ? = @, then ? ⋅ A = @ ⋅ A and = .
C C
Ø Give examples of this property.
32
Try It! BEAT THE TEST!
2. The following pairs of equations are equivalent. Determine 1. For each algebraic equation, select the property or
the property that was used to write the second equation. properties that could be used to solve it.
Multiplication or Division
Addition or Subtraction
Commutative Property
a. 2 6 + 4 = 14 − 66 and 26 + 8 = 14 − 66
Distributive Property
Algebraic Equation
Property of Equality
Property of Equality
b. 26 + 8 = 14 − 66 and 26 + 8 + 66 = 14 − 66 + 66
c. 26 + 8 + 66 = 14 and 26 + 66 + 8 = 14
;
,
=5 o o o o
d. 86 + 8 = 14 and 86 + 8 − 8 = 14 − 8
26 + 7 = 13 o o o o
46 = 23 o o o o
6 − 3 = −4 o o o o
+ +
e. 86 = 6 and ⋅ 86 = ⋅6 4(6 + 5) = 40 o o o o
. .
10 + 6 = 79 o o o o
−8 − 6 = 19 o o o o
2(6 − 8) + 76 = 9 o o o o

!
help others on the Algebra Wall and earn Karma
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33
Section 2 – Topic 3 A word problem or situation may require you to write and
Solving Equations solve an equation.
Sarah is an engineer for the Fluor Corporation, an engineering Jenna is applying to The Citadel, The Military College of South
and construction company in Greenville. She needs to Carolina. Jenna wants to achieve a minimum score on the SAT
calculate how long it will take to remove 6,000 gallons of Reasoning Assessment to be a competitive applicant.
water from a drainage ditch at a construction site using three
water pumps. Used alone, Pump A can remove all of the rain Jenna has earned a score of 980 on the SAT and has signed
water in four hours, while Pump B will take three hours. Sarah up for a test prep class to help her improve her score. The test
wants to run Pump A, Pump B, and Pump C simultaneously to prep company claims that each class she attends will increase
remove the water in one hour. her score by 10 points.
The equation below models the three pumps working together Identify the variable in this situation.
to remove the water in one hour, where 6 represents the
number of hours Pump C will take to remove the rain water by
itself.
Assuming the company’s claim is correct, write an expression
1 1 1 to represent Jenna’s SAT score after she attends any given
+ + =1 number of classes.
4 3 6
Use the box below to determine the number of hours Pump C

will take to remove the rain water by itself. Justify each step. The average SAT score for incoming freshman at The Citadel is
1070. Suppose the test prep company’s claim is correct and
Statements Reasons her score will increase by 10 points for each class that she
attends. Write and solve an equation to determine the
number of classes Jenna must take in order to earn the
average score.
What does the pump rate for Pump C need to be, in gallons
per minute, for Sarah to meet her goal?
34
Let’s Practice! Try It!
1. The following equation is solved for 6. 2. Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC)
provides government services and information technology
26 − 3 26 − 1 = 3 − 46 support. Suppose 500 employees work at SAIC’s
Charleston branch in South Carolina and were surveyed
a. For each step in the chart below, identify the property about the nature of their work. Suppose further that the
used to write an equivalent equation. 350 employees who work in technology development
represent 16 fewer than three times the number of
Statements Reasons employees who are deployed at customer sites. Write and
solve an equation to determine how many employees
a. 26 − 3 26 − 1 = 3 − 46 a. Given work at customer sites.
b. 26 − 66 + 3 = 3 − 46 b.
c. −46 + 3 = 3 − 46 c. Equivalent Equation
d. −46 + 3 + 46 = 3 − 46 + 46 d.
e. −46 + 3 + 46 = 3 e. Equivalent Equation

3. Consider the equation 3 46 + 1 = 3 + 126 − 5. Solve the
equation for 6. For each step, identify the property used to
f. −46 + 46 + 3 = 3 f. convert the equation.
g. 3 = 3 g. Equivalent Equation
b. What does it mean to end up with a true statement

like 3 = 3?

Some equations, such as 26 = 26, have all real Some equations, such as 26 + 5 = 26 − 1, have
numbers as the solution. No matter what no solution. There is no number
! that we could
number we substitute for 6, the equation will substitute for 6 that will make the equation
still be true. true.
35
Solving Equations Using the Zero Product Property
1. The following equation is solved for 6. Use the properties to
justify the reason for each step in the chart below. If someone told you that the product of two numbers is 10,
what could you say about the two numbers?
Statements Reasons
a. 2 6 + 5 − 3 = 15 a. Given
b. 26 + 10 − 3 = 15 b.
If someone told you that the product of two numbers is zero,
what could you say about the two numbers?
c. 26 + 7 = 15 c. Equivalent Equation
d. 26 + 7 − 7 = 15 − 7 d.
e. 26 = 8 e. Equivalent Equation
,; .
f. = f.
, , This is the zero product property.
g. 6 = 4 g. Equivalent Equation Ø If ?@ = 0, then either ? = 0 or @ = 0.
Describe how to use the zero product property to solve the

equation 6 − 3 6 + 9 = 0. Then, identify the solutions.

Wall
36
Let’s Practice! Try It!
1. Identify the solution(s) to 26 6 + 4 6 + 5 = 0. 3. Michael was given the equation 6 + 7 6 − 11 = 0 and

asked to find the zeros. His solution set was {−11, 7}. Explain
whether you agree or disagree with Michael.
2. Identify the solution(s) to 26 − 5 6 + 11 = 0. 4. Identify the solution(s) to 2 I − 3 ⋅ 6(−I − 3) = 0.
37
Solving Inequalities – Part 1
1. Use the values below to determine the solutions for each
equation. Let’s start by reviewing how to graph inequalities.
4
0 2 3
5
2 1 3
− − −14
7 2 4 Ø When the endpoint is a(n) _________ dot or circle, the
number represented by the endpoint _____ _________
1 a part of the solution set.
6 0 − −2
4
Describe the numbers that are graphed in the example

above.
2I + 1 I + 14 = 0
7J − 2 5J − 4 = 0
Can you list all the numbers graphed in the example above?
Explain your answer.
46 + 3 6 − 6 = 0
6 6+2 6−3 =0
Write an inequality that represents the graph above.
K 4K + 1 K − 2 = 0

the Algebra Wall and receive help from other Write the solution set that represents the graph above.
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Consider the following graph. Addition and Subtraction Property of Inequality
Ø If ? > @, then ? + A > @ + A and ? − A > @ − A for any real

number A.
Ø When the endpoint is a(n) ____________ dot or circle, Consider 26 − 1 + 2 > 6 + 1. Use the addition or subtraction
the number represented by the endpoint _______ a property of inequality to solve for 6.
part of the solution set.
Write an inequality that represents the graph above.
Let’s Practice!
Write the solution set that represents the graph above. 1. Consider the inequality 4 + 6 − 5 ≥ 10. Use the addition
or subtraction property of inequality to solve for 6. Express
the solution in set notation and graphically on a number
line.
Why is “or equal to” included in the solution set?
Just like there are properties of equality, there are also

properties of inequality.
If 6 > 5, is 6 + 1 > 5 + 1? Substitute values for 6 to justify your

answer.
39
Try It! Section 2 – Topic 6
Solving Inequalities – Part 2
2. Consider the inequality 46 + 8 < 1 + (26 − 5). Use the
addition or subtraction property of inequality to solve for 6. Consider 6 > 5 and 2 ∙ 6 > 2 ∙ 5. Identify a solution to the first
Express the solution in set notation and graphically on a inequality. Show that this solution also makes the second
number line. inequality true.
Consider 6 > 5 and −2 ∙ 6 > −2 ∙ 5. Identify a solution to the first

inequality. Show that this solution makes the second inequality
false.
3. Peter deposited $27 into his savings account, bringing the

total to over $234. Write and solve an inequality to
represent the amount of money in Peter’s account before
the $27 deposit.
How can we change the second inequality so that the

solution makes it true?
Consider −Q > 5. Use the addition and/or subtraction property

of inequality to solve.

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Multiplication Property of Inequality U
b. + 8 ≤ 9
=
Ø If ? > @, then for any positive real number R,
?R _______ @R.
Ø If ? < @, then for any positive real number R,

?R _______ @R.
Ø If ? > @, then for any negative real number R,

?R _______ @R.
Ø If ? < @, then for any negative real number R,

2. At 5:00 PM in Atlanta, Georgia, Ethan noticed the
?R ______ @R.
temperature outside was 72℉. The temperature
decreased at a steady rate of 2℉ per hour. At what time
The same property is true when dealing with ≤ or ≥.
was the temperature below 64℉?
Let’s Practice!
1. Find the solution set of each inequality. Express the solution

in set notation and graphically on a number line.
a. −9I + 4 < −7I − 2
41
Try It! BEAT THE TEST!
3. Find the solution set to the inequality. Express the solution 1. Ulysses is spending his vacation in South Carolina. He rents
in set notation and graphically on a number line. a car and is offered two different payment options. He
can either pay $25.00 each day plus $0.15 per mile
a. −6 (6 − 5) > 42 (option A) or pay $10.00 each day plus $0.40 per mile
(option B). Ulysses rents the car for one day.
Part A: Write an inequality representing the number of

miles where option A will be the cheaper plan.
b. 4(6 + 3) ≥ 2(26 − 2)
Part B: How many miles will Ulysses have to drive for

option A to be the cheaper option?
42
2. Stephanie has just been given a new job in the sales Section 2 – Topic 7
department of Frontier Electric Authority. She has two Solving Compound Inequalities
salary options. She can either receive a fixed salary of
$500.00 per week or a salary of $200.00 per week plus a 5% Consider the following options.
commission on her weekly sales. The variable X represents
Stephanie’s weekly sales. Which solution set represents the Option A: You get to play NBA 2K after you clean your
dollar amount of sales that she must generate in a week in room and do the dishes.
order for the option with commission to be the better
choice? Option B: You get to play NBA 2K after you clean your
room or do the dishes.
A X X > $300.00
B X X > $700.00 What is the difference between Option A and B?
C X X > $3,000.00
D X X > $6,000.00
Circle the statements that are true.
2 + 9 = 11 and 10 < 5 + 6
4 + 5 ≠ 9 and 2 + 3 > 0
0 > 4 − 6 or 3 + 2 = 6
15 − 20 > 0 or 2.5 + 3.5 = 7

!
Wall
43
These are called compound equations or inequalities. Let’s Practice!
Ø When the two statements in the previous sentences 1. Consider 6 < 1 or 6 > 6. Could we write the inequalities
were joined by the word AND, the compound above as 1 > 6 > 6? Explain your answer.
equation or inequality is true only if __________
statements are true.
Ø When the two statements in the previous sentences

were joined by the word OR, the compound equation
or inequality is true if at least _________ of the
statements is true. Therefore, it is also considered true if
_________ statements are true. 2. Graph the solution set to each compound inequality on a
number line.
Let’s graph 6 < 6 and 6 > 1. a. 6 = 2 or 6 > 5
This is the __________________ ______________ to the compound b. 6 > 6 or 6 < 6

inequality.
How many solutions does this inequality have?
Many times this is written as 1 < 6 < 6. This notation denotes the c. 1 ≤ −6 ≤ 7
conjunction “and.”
We read this as “6 is greater than one ________ less than six.”
44
Try It!
Be on the lookout for negative coefficients.
When solving inequalities, you will need to 4. Graph the solution set to each compound inequality on a
reverse the inequality symbol when you multiply number line.
or divide by a negative value.
a. 6 < 1 or 6 > 8
3. Write a compound inequality for the following graphs.
b. 6 ≥ 6 or 6 < 4
a. Compound inequality:
c. −6 ≤ 6 ≤ 4
b. Compound inequality:
45
5. Write a compound inequality for the following graphs. BEAT THE TEST!
1. Use the terms and symbols in the table to write a

compound inequality for each of the following graphs.
You may only use each term once, but you do not have
to use all of them.
a. Compound inequality:
36 −14 −6 ≥ − 17 15 <
76 < 2 or ≤ 36 + >
Compound Inequality:
b. Compound inequality:
Compound Inequality:

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46
Section 2 – Topic 8 Let’s Practice!
Rearranging Formulas
1. Consider the equation ^6 − X6 + I = Z; solve for 6.
Solve each equation for 6.
26 + 4 = 12 26 + I = Z
Did we use different properties when we solved the two Try It!
equations?
2. Consider the equation 8A + 6_ = 5`; solve for A.
Consider the formula for the perimeter of a rectangle:

[ = 2\ + 2].
Sometimes, we might need the formula solved for length.

When solving for a variable, it’s helpful to
circle that variable.
!
47
; E C BEAT THE TEST!
3. Consider the equation = 8; solve for A.
,
1. Isaiah planted a seedling in his garden and recorded its
height every week. The equation shown can be used to
estimate the height, ℎ, of the seedling after ] weeks since
he planted the seedling.
= b
ℎ= ]+
> >
Solve the formula for ], the number of weeks since he

planted the seedling.
48
2. Under the Brannock device method, shoe size and foot Section 2 – Topic 9
length for women are related by the formula c = 3d − 21, Solution Sets to Equations with Two Variables
where c represents the shoe size and d represents the
length of the foot in inches. Solve the formula for d. Consider 6 + 2 = 5. What is the only possible value of 6 that
makes the equation a true statement?
Now consider 6 + I = 5. What are some solutions for 6 and

I that would make the equation true?
Possible solutions can be listed as ordered pairs.
Graph each of the ordered pairs from the previous problem

on the graph below.

students, teachers, and Study Experts. You can also !
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49
What do you notice about the points you graphed?

In this case, our solutions must be natural
numbers. This is called a discrete function.
Notice that the solutions follow a linear
How many solutions are there to the equation 6 + I = 5? pattern. However, they do not form a line.
d. Create a graph that represents the solution set to your

Let’s Practice! equation.
1. Taylor has 10 songs on her phone’s playlist. The playlist

features songs from her two favorite artists, Beyoncé and
Pharrell.
a. Create an equation using two variables to represent

this situation.
b. List at least three solutions to the equation that you

created.
c. Does this equation have infinitely many solutions? e. Why are there only positive values on this graph?
Why or why not?
50
Try It!

In this case, we have a continuous function.
2. The sum of two numbers is 15. Notice the solutions are rational numbers and
they form a line.
a. Create an equation using two variables to represent
this situation.
3. What if we changed the problem to say the sum of two

integers is 15?
b. List at least three possible solutions. a. Create an equation using two variables to represent
this situation.
c. How many solutions are there to this equation? b. Is this function discrete or continuous? Explain your
answer.
d. Create a visual representation of all the possible

solutions on the graph. c. Represent the solution on the graph below.
51
BEAT THE TEST!
THIS PAGE WAS INTENTIONALLY
1. Elizabeth’s tablet has a combined total of 20 apps and
movies. Let 6 represent the number of apps and I LEFT BLANK
represent the number of movies. Which of the following
could represent the number of apps and movies on
Elizabeth’s tablet? Select all that apply.
¨ 6 + I = 20
¨ 7 apps and 14 movies
¨ 6 − I = 20
¨ I = −6 + 20
¨ 8 apps and 12 movies
¨ 6I = 20
Great job! You have reached the end of this section.

Now it’s time to try the “Test Yourself! Practice Tool,”
where you can practice all the skills and concepts
you learned in this section. Log in to Algebra Nation
Test Yourself! and try out the “Test Yourself! Practice Tool” so you
Practice Tool can see how well you know these topics!
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Section 2: Equations and Inequalities

Topic 1: Equations: True or False? ..................................................................................................................................... 29

Is the sentence true or false?

Consider the statement 1 + 3 = 8 + 6. This statement is also a

Is the sentence true or false?

2. Determine whether the following number sentences are

Ø A number sentence is a statement of equality a. 83 ⋅ 401 ⋅ 638 = 401 ⋅ (638 ⋅ 83)

Ø A number sentence is said to be true if both numerical

Ø If both numerical expressions don’t equal the same

Ø True and false statements are called truth values.

Ø An algebraic equation is a statement of equality 3. Consider the algebraic equation 6 + 3 = 9.

Are the expressions on each side of the equal sign equivalent?

b. 29 = 9 + 9 is true for _________________________.

c. 8 + 67 = 8 + 68 is true for _________________________.

This brings us to some more properties that we can use to write

If 6 is a solution to an equation, 6 will also be a solution to the

These are the multiplication and division properties of equality.

Ø Give examples of this property.

Want some help? You can always ask questions on

Use the box below to determine the number of hours Pump C

c. −46 + 3 = 3 − 46 c. Equivalent Equation

e. −46 + 3 + 46 = 3 e. Equivalent Equation

b. What does it mean to end up with a true statement

g. 6 = 4 g. Equivalent Equation Ø If ?@ = 0, then either ? = 0 or @ = 0.

Describe how to use the zero product property to solve the

Want some help? You can always ask questions on

1. Identify the solution(s) to 26 6 + 4 6 + 5 = 0. 3. Michael was given the equation 6 + 7 6 − 11 = 0 and

2. Identify the solution(s) to 26 − 5 6 + 11 = 0. 4. Identify the solution(s) to 2 I − 3 ⋅ 6(−I − 3) = 0.

Describe the numbers that are graphed in the example

Want some help? You can always ask questions on

Ø If ? > @, then ? + A > @ + A and ? − A > @ − A for any real

Write an inequality that represents the graph above.

Why is “or equal to” included in the solution set?

Just like there are properties of equality, there are also

If 6 > 5, is 6 + 1 > 5 + 1? Substitute values for 6 to justify your

Consider 6 > 5 and −2 ∙ 6 > −2 ∙ 5. Identify a solution to the first

3. Peter deposited $27 into his savings account, bringing the

How can we change the second inequality so that the

Consider −Q > 5. Use the addition and/or subtraction property

Want some help? You can always ask questions on

Ø If ? < @, then for any positive real number R,

Ø If ? > @, then for any negative real number R,

Ø If ? < @, then for any negative real number R,

1. Find the solution set of each inequality. Express the solution

a. −9I + 4 < −7I − 2

Part A: Write an inequality representing the number of

Part B: How many miles will Ulysses have to drive for

Circle the statements that are true.

15 − 20 > 0 or 2.5 + 3.5 = 7

Want some help? You can always ask questions on

Ø When the two statements in the previous sentences

Let’s graph 6 < 6 and 6 > 1. a. 6 = 2 or 6 > 5

This is the __________________ ______________ to the compound b. 6 > 6 or 6 < 6

How many solutions does this inequality have?

We read this as “6 is greater than one ________ less than six.”

3. Write a compound inequality for the following graphs.

1. Use the terms and symbols in the table to write a

Want some help? You can always ask questions on

Consider the formula for the perimeter of a rectangle:

Sometimes, we might need the formula solved for length.

This is the ____ to the compound b. 6 > 6 or 6 < 6