CHAPTER 4

Carbon and its

Compounds

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Carbon exists in the atmosphere in the form of
(a) carbon monoxide only
(b) carbon monoxide in traces and carbon dioxide
(c) carbon dioxide only
(d) coal

2. Which of the following statements are usually correct for carbon

compounds? These
(i) are good conductors of electricity
(ii) are poor conductors of electricity
(iii) have strong forces of attraction between their molecules
(iv) do not have strong forces of attraction between their molecules
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv)
3. A molecule of ammonia (NH3) has
(a) only single bonds
(b) only double bonds
(c) only triple bonds
(d) two double bonds and one single bond

4. Buckminsterfullerene is an allotropic form of

(a) phosphorus
(b) sulphur
(c) carbon
(d) tin

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5. Which of the following are correct structural isomers of butane?

(i) (iii)

(ii) (iv)

(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv)

(c) (i) and (ii) (d) (iii) and (iv)

Alkaline KMnO4 + Heat

6. CH3– CH2– OH → CH3 – COOH

In the above given reaction, alkaline KMnO4 acts as

(a) reducing agent
(b) oxidising agent
(c) catalyst
(d) dehydrating agent

7. Oils on treating with hydrogen in the presence of palladium or

nickel catalyst form fats. This is an example of
(a) Addition reaction
(b) Substitution reaction
(c) Displacement reaction
(d) Oxidation reaction

8. In which of the following compounds, — OH is the functional

group?
(a) Butanone
(b) Butanol
(c) Butanoic acid
(d) Butanal

9. The soap molecule has a

(a) hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail
(b) hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail
(c) hydrophobic head and a hydrophobic tail
(d) hydrophilic head and a hydrophilic tail

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 10. Which of the following is the correct representation of electron
dot structure of nitrogen?
(a)
(b)

(c)
(d)

11. Structural formula of ethyne is

(a) H – C ≡ C – H
(b) H3 – C ≡ C – H

(c)

(d)

12. Identify the unsaturated compounds from the following

(i) Propane
(ii) Propene
(iii) Propyne
(iv) Chloropropane
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iii)
13. Chlorine reacts with saturated hydrocarbons at room temperature
in the
(a) absence of sunlight
(b) presence of sunlight
(c) presence of water
(d) presence of hydrochloric acid

14. In the soap micelles

(a) the ionic end of soap is on the surface of the cluster while the
carbon chain is in the interior of the cluster.
(b) ionic end of soap is in the interior of the cluster and the carbon
chain is out of the cluster.
(c) both ionic end and carbon chain are in the interior of the
cluster
(d) both ionic end and carbon chain are on the exterior of the
cluster

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15. Pentane has the molecular formula C5 H12. It has
(a) 5 covalent bonds
(b) 12 covalent bonds
(c) 16 covalent bonds
(d) 17 covalent bonds

16. Structural formula of benzene is

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

17. Ethanol reacts with sodium and forms two products. These are
(a) sodium ethanoate and hydrogen
(b) sodium ethanoate and oxygen
(c) sodium ethoxide and hydrogen
(d) sodium ethoxide and oxygen

18. The correct structural formula of butanoic acid is

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

19. Vinegar is a solution of

(a) 50% – 60% acetic acid in alcohol
(b) 5% – 8% acetic acid in alcohol
(c) 5% – 8% acetic acid in water
(d) 50% – 60% acetic acid in water

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 20. Mineral acids are stronger acids than carboxylic acids because
(i) mineral acids are completely ionised
(ii) carboxylic acids are completely ionised
(iii) mineral acids are partially ionised
(iv) carboxylic acids are partially ionised
(a) (i) and (iv) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (ii) (d) (iii) and (iv)
21. Carbon forms four covalent bonds by sharing its four valence
electrons with four univalent atoms, e.g. hydrogen. After the
formation of four bonds, carbon attains the electronic
configuration of
(a) helium
(b) neon
(c) argon
(d) krypton
22. The correct electron dot structure of a water molecule is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
23. Which of the following is not a straight chain hydrocarbon?
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

24. Which among the following are unsaturated hydrocarbons?

(i) H3C — CH2 — CH2 — CH3
(ii)
(iii)

(iv)

(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iii)

(c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (iii) and (iv)

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25. Which of the following does not belong to the same homologous
series?
(a) CH4
(b) C2 H6
(c) C3 H8
(d) C4 H8

26. The name of the compound CH3 — CH2 — CHO is

(a) Propanal
(b) Propanone
(c) Ethanol
(d) Ethanal

27. The heteroatoms present in

CH3 — CH2 — O — CH2— CH2 Cl are

(i) oxygen
(ii) carbon
(iii) hydrogen
(iv) chlorine
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv)
28. Which of the following represents saponification reaction?

(a) CH3COONa + NaOH CH4 + Na2CO3

(b) CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3 COOC2H5 +H2O

(c) 2CH3COOH + 2Na → 2CH3 COONa + H2
(d) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH → CH3 COONa + C2 H5OH

29. The first member of alkyne homologous series is

(a) ethyne
(b) ethene
(c) propyne
(d) methane

Short Answer Questions

30. Draw the electron dot structure of ethyne and also draw its
structural formula

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 31. Write the names of the following compounds

(a) (b)

(c)

(d)

32. Identify and name the functional groups present in the following
compounds.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

33. A compound X is formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid

C2H4O2 and an alcohol in presence of a few drops of H2SO4. The
alcohol on oxidation with alkaline KMnO4 followed by acidification
gives the same carboxylic acid as used in this reaction. Give the
names and structures of (a) carboxylic acid, (b) alcohol and (c)
the compound X. Also write the reaction.

34. Why detergents are better cleansing agents than soaps? Explain.

35. Name the functional groups present in the following compounds

(a) CH3 CO CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
(b) CH3 CH2 CH2 COOH
(c) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CHO
(d) CH3 CH2 OH

36. How is ethene prepared from ethanol? Give the reaction

involved in it.

37. Intake of small quantity of methanol can be lethal. Comment.

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38. A gas is evolved when ethanol reacts with sodium. Name the gas
evolved and also write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction
involved.

39. Ethene is formed when ethanol at 443 K is heated with excess of

concentrated sulphuric acid. What is the role of sulphuric acid in
this reaction? Write the balanced chemical equation of this
reaction.

40. Carbon, Group (14) element in the Periodic Table, is known to

form compounds with many elements.
Write an example of a compound formed with

(a) chlorine (Group 17 of Periodic Table)

(b) oxgygen (Group 16 of Periodic Table)

41. In electron dot structure, the valence shell electrons are

represented by crosses or dots.
(a) The atomic number of chlorine is 17. Write its electronic
configuration
(b) Draw the electron dot structure of chlorine molecule.

42. Catenation is the ability of an atom to form bonds with other

atoms of the same element. It is exhibited by both carbon and
silicon. Compare the ability of catenation of the two elements.
Give reasons.

43. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain multiple bonds between the

two C-atoms and show addition reactions. Give the test to
distinguish ethane from ethene.

44. Match the reactions given in Column (A) with the names given
in column (B).

Column (A) Column (B)

(a) CH3OH + CH3COOH CH3COOCH3 + H2O (i) Addition reaction

(b) CH2 = CH2 + H2 CH3 — CH3 (ii) Substitution reaction

(c) CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl (iii) Neutralisation reaction

(d) CH3COOH+NaOH CH3COONa+H2O (iv) Esterification reaction

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 45. Write the structural formulae of all the isomers of hexane.

46. What is the role of metal or reagents written on arrows in the

given chemical reactions?

(a)

(b) CH3 COOH + CH3 CH2 OH CH3 COOC2 H5 + H2O

(c) CH3 CH2 OH CH3 COOH

Long Answer Questions

47. A salt X is formed and a gas is evolved when ethanoic acid reacts
with sodium hydrogencarbonate. Name the salt X and the gas
evolved. Describe an activity and draw the diagram of the
apparatus to prove that the evolved gas is the one which you
have named. Also, write chemical equation of the reaction involved.

48. (a) What are hydrocarbons? Give examples.

(b) Give the structural differences between saturated and
unsaturated hydrocarbons with two examples each.
(c) What is a functional group? Give examples of four different
functional groups.

49. Name the reaction which is commonly used in the conversion of

vegetable oils to fats. Explain the reaction involved in detail.

50. (a) Write the formula and draw electron dot structure of carbon
tetrachloride.
(b) What is saponification? Write the reaction involved in this
process.

51. Esters are sweet-smelling substances and are used in making

perfumes. Suggest some activity and the reaction involved for the
preparation of an ester with well labeled diagram.

52. A compound C (molecular formula, C2H4O2) reacts with Na - metal

to form a compound R and evolves a gas which burns with a pop
sound. Compound C on treatment with an alcohol A in presence
of an acid forms a sweet smelling compound S (molecular formula,
C3H6O2). On addition of NaOH to C, it also gives R and water. S on
treatment with NaOH solution gives back R and A.
Identify C, R, A, S and write down the reactions involved.

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53. Look at Figure 4.1 and answer the following questions
(a) What change would you
observe in the calcium
hydroxide solution taken in
tube B?
(b) Write the reaction involved
in test tubes A and B
respectively.
(c) If ethanol is given instead of
ethanoic acid, would you
expect the same change?
(d) How can a solution of lime
water be prepared in the
laboratory?
Fig. 4.1
54. How would you bring about the
following conversions? Name
the process and write the reaction involved.
(a) ethanol to ethene.
(b) propanol to propanoic acid.
Write the reactions.

55. Draw the possible isomers of the compound with molecular

formula C3H6O and also give their electron dot structures.

56. Explain the given reactions with the examples

(a) Hydrogenation reaction
(b) Oxidation reaction
(c) Substitution reaction
(d) Saponification reaction
(e) Combustion reaction

57. An organic compound A on heating with concentrated H2SO4 forms

a compound B which on addition of one mole of hydrogen in
presence of Ni forms a compound C. One mole of compound C on
combustion forms two moles of CO2 and 3 moles of H2O. Identify
the compounds A, B and C and write the chemical equations of
the reactions involved.

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