1

NUESTRA SEŇ ORA DE LAS NIEVES, INC.

(Our Lady of the Snows High School)
Himamaylan City, Negros Occidental
S.Y. 2021-2022

Practical Research 2
for Grade X11

WEEK ONE AND TWO

References/Sources: Practical Research 2, VIBAL by De Castro, Grajo, Cabauatan

Google Classroom Account: https://classroom.google.com/c/Mzc3NTIzOTMzODU0?cjc=6cxeufl

Google Classroom Pass code: 6cxeufl

Prepared and modified by:

MALOU G. SAPU-AN, LPT

Teacher

Nuestra Seňora De las Nieves, Inc.

(Our Lady of the Snows High School)
Himamaylan City, Negros Occidental
S.Y. 2021-2022
 2

Grade 12- Practical Research 2

QUARTER ONE (PRELIM) MODULE
Name: _________________________ Contact No. ______________

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: The students will be able to understand and adopt the
nature of inquiry and research for their daily life endeavor.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the of the lesson the students will be able to achieve the
following;
 Describe the outcomes of the inquiry,
 Familiarize, define and discuss the key concepts of inquiry, its meaning and
importance,
 Apply the concepts of inquiry in our daily living.

CHAPTER ONE: THE NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH

Nature of Inquiry and Research

One goal of education Lesson One acquisition. However, education is not just
is knowledge
stocking your Inquiry
brain withvs.knowledge,
Research:but it also encourages you to use acquired
A Review
knowledge for a deeper understanding of the world—an understanding that inspires you
to create, construct, or produce things for the betterment of not only your own life, but of
the whole world as well. How is this possible?

Inquiry, a term that is synonymous with the word ‘investigation,’ is the answer to
this question. When you inquire or investigate, you tend to ask questions to probe or
examine something. You do this kind of examination through your HOTS or higher-order
thinking strategies of inferential, analytical, critical, creative, and appreciative thinking to
discover more understandable or meaningful things beyond such object of your inquiry.
Thinking in this manner makes you ask open-ended questions to elicit views, opinions,
and beliefs of others in relation to your research. (Small 2012)

Characteristics of Research
Research is a scientific, experimental, or inductive manner of thinking. Starting from
particular to more complex ideas, you execute varied thinking acts that range from lower-
order to higher-order thinking strategies reflected by these research activities: identifying
the topic or problem, gathering data, making theories, formulating hypotheses, analyzing
data, and drawing conclusions. Cognitively driven terms like empirical, logical, cyclical,
analytical, critical, methodical, and replicable are the right descriptive words to
characterize research. These powerful modifiers that your previous research subject,
Practical Research 1, explained to a certain extent, are the very same terms to
characterize any quantitative research you intend to carry out this time. The data you
work on in research do not come mainly from yourself but also from other sources of
knowledge like people, books, and artworks, among others. Hence, one cardinal principle
in research is to give acknowledgment to owners of all sources of knowledge involved in
your research work. Giving credit to people from whom you derived your data is your way
 3

of not only thanking the authors of their contribution to the field, but also establishing the
validity and reliability of the findings of your research that ought to serve as instrument for
world progress.
(Muijs 2011; Ransome 2012.

Methods of Research
To be a researcher is to be a scientist, who must think logically or systematically;
that is, your research activities must follow a certain order, like doing inductive thinking
that makes you ponder on specific ideas first, then move to more complex concepts like
conclusions or generalizations. Or, do the opposite of inductive thinking which is
deductive thinking that lets you start from forming generalizations to examining details
about the subject matter. These are not the only approaches, though, that you can adhere
to in planning your research work. Depending on your topic and purpose, you are free to
choose from several approaches, methods, and types of research you learned in your
previous research subject, Practical Research 1. (Gray 2011; Sharp 2012)

Inquiry vis-à-vis Research

One scholarly activity that greatly involves inquiry is research. Similar to inquiry that
starts from what you are ignorant about, research makes you learn something by means
of a problem-solving technique. Both inquiry and research encourage you to formulate
questions to direct you to the exact information you want to discover about the object of
your curiosity. Your questions operate like a scrutiny of a person’s attire to find out what
are hidden between or among the compartments or folded parts of his/her clothes.
Although the core word for both inquiry and research are investigation or questioning,
they are not exactly the same in all aspects. Research includes more complex acts of
investigation than inquiry because the former follows a scientific procedure of discovering
truths or meanings about things in this world. (Goodwin 2014; Lapan 2012)

IMPORTANCE OF INQUIRY
Inquiry is important in the generation and transmission of knowledge. This is
essential because the source of knowledge is constantly increasing. Inquiry also helps
develop higher order information literacy and critical thinking skills.
For modern education, the skills and the ability to carry on learning to the next
higher level should be the most important outcomes.

THE APPLICATION OF INQUIRY

Inquiry learning can be applied to all disciplines and facets of life. Learning is a
continuous process. A person never stops learning while he breathes.
Individuals have different perspectives in viewing the world. Such views could
include the artistic, scientific, historic, economic, and other viewpoints. While disciplines
should interconnect with one another, inquiry learning includes the application of certain
specific “ground rules” that safeguard the integrity of the various disciplines and their
world views.

OUTCOMES OF INQUIRY
A practical knowledge about the world should be an important outcome of inquiry.
 4

The way the world is organized, how it changes, and how people interrelate
and communicate about the world they lived in.
Inquiry provides individuals with different ways of viewing the world,
communicating about it, and successfully coping with the questions and issues
of everyday life.
Questioning and searching for answers are extremely important parts of inquiry,
aided by a conceptual framework for learning. Students should not be focused only on
content as the ultimate outcome of learning.

SALIENT POINTS
 Inquiry is defined as the research for truth, information, or knowledge
through questioning.
 The process of inquiry is a continuous cycle; it starts with a person’s birth
until his death.
 Inquiry may be applied to all areas or disciplines.
 Questioning and search for answers are important parts of inquiry.

Lesson Two
RESEARCH: An Overview
Specific Objectives
 Define and explain the meaning of research;
 Enumerate and explain the types of research;
 Cite some examples of research topics that may be
explored to aid the researcher in the choice of a topic.

“RESEARCH is a continuous and repetitious pursuit of knowledge

in order to arrive at the truth. Through research which is core of learning, new knowledge
may be discovered and the truth revealed.”
What is Research?
 is the acquisition of new knowledge through a purposive, organized and designed
program of activities. It seeks to find answers to the problems and generate new
information for a better understanding of the concepts under study.
Research may either be basic or applied depending on the aims of the
researcher.
Basic Research is conducted solely to Applied Research is done to find an
come up with a new knowledge or to application of the knowledge, whether it
have a fuller understanding of a particular be old or new.
subject for its own sake

AIMS OF RESEARCH
 5

Research
Lessonaims to unfold the answers to questions and;
Three:
Introduction
 Produce to Research
new knowledge Design
or information
The mass of data and information that we have today is a product of man’s constant
search for significant facts and continuous investigation through the years.
 Utilize the new knowledge
Knowledge should be applied and must not remain stagnant. The application of
knowledge could yield other facts. Learning can only find meaning and becomes more
relevant when it is used or applied.
 Validate Existing Knowledge
With the passing of time, an established fact or truth may be challenge or
deconstructed. Validation of an existing knowledge is necessary in order to render it
credible and reliable.
 Improve the investigator/researcher
Doing research challenges the investigator to exercise his own creativity and skills.
Through independent study, the researcher may contribute to the growing body of
knowledge.
SOURCES OF RESEARCH TOPICS
There are various sources of topics for research. The people, places, objects and events
around us; the community we live in are rich sources of research topics.
A research topic may arise if there exists a gap between needs and resources. Exposure
with the different literatures, the internet, and linkages with various professional groups could
intensify the research activities.
PEOPLE PLACES OBJECTS EVENTS
Scientists Laboratory Specimen Experimentation
Educators School Books Graduation
Students Classroom Notes Exam days
Businessmen FOREX Contract Product launch
Politicians Session Hall Bills In session
Doctors Clinic Medicine Check-up
Lawyers Court of Justice Documents Case hearing

OTHER POSSIBLE RESEARCH AREAS

Computer science Information Technology Solar Energy
Folk Literature Languages History and Culture
Food processing Pollution Control

SALIENT POINTS
 Research is a continuous and repetitious pursuit of knowledge in order to
arrive at the truth
 Research aims to produce and utilize new knowledge or information, validate
existing knowledge and improve the researcher.
 According to the aim of the researcher, research is classified either as basic or
applied.
 Basic research is done to come up with new knowledge of to have a fuller
grasp of the subject while applied research is done to utilize or put into
operation knowledge whether it be old or new.
 Research topics may be sourced from the various disciplines or subject areas,
provided gaps that need to be filled in exist.
 6

Specific Objectives
 Recall the kinds of research designs and
characteristics of qualitative research;
 Describe the characteristics, strengths,
and weaknesses of quantitative research;
 Illustrate the importance of quantitative
research across fields.
RESEARCH DESIGNS
In doing a research project, it is important that the approach to be used in the project be
properly identified. The choice of the approach determines what tools to use.
The researcher is the one who determines the designs to be employed in the conduct of
the investigation

TWO CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH DESIGNS

A. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH – is a method of inquiry used in various academic
disciplines, usually in the social sciences, but also in market research and varied
perspectives.
The qualitative method investigates the why, and how of decision making, not just
what, where, when. Hence, smaller but focused samples are more often used than large
samples.
Generally, qualitative methods only produce information in specific cases rather
than general conclusions. The most common method used in a qualitative research is the
interview.
B. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH- also known as empirical research, is a type of inquiry
where relations are established through the collection of numerical data which are
analyzed to derived generalization.
It is a systematic scientific analysis of data and their relationships. It specifically refers
to tests or experiments that yield quantifiable values that can be analyzed using statistics,
figures and mathematical models to provide information that may be used in decision
making.
Quantitative design often depicts a study answering the “what” and “how many/much”
questions. This type of research involves measuring or counting attributes.
The quantitative design is also employed to measure the incidence of various views
and opinions in a chosen sample. A quantitative approach is often concerned with
findings evidence to either support or contradict and idea or hypotheses.
Hypotheses- proposes a predicted answer to a research question.
Data collection in a quantitative research usually come from a large sample of the
population; the prospective respondents are selected by the researcher.

HOW QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH WORKS

 7

There are three main assumptions in quantitative research;

1. Observing and explaining an occurrence.
2. Collecting information and,
3. Analyzing the information.
The combination of these three parts will result to well-defined and well-researched
findings.
First, the researcher observes and explains an occurrence. In explaining his
observations, the researcher may present them in form of either a question or
hypotheses.
The collection of information is very significant, quantitative research is specifically
concerned with statistical information, also known as “data”, it is expected that the data
collected must be in numbers.
Finally, the data collected must be analyzed using statistics.
The data in quantitative design can be collected manually or through automation.
This will depend on the type of research and required level of accuracy and precision.

MANUAL DATA COLLECTION

Is generally reliable for small data sets because the margin error is insignificant.
The most accurate type of quantitative research in which the human error factor is totally
omitted is the automated data collection.

AUTOMATED DATA COLLECTION

Scientific research relies heavily on automated or computer driven computations for
accurate and precise results. Using the timer, scale or other measuring device as
examples, would require a person to transfer the reading manually to a data sheet; an
automated system would connect to the device directly to a computer and save the values
automatically without the need to record it manually.

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Quantitative research design is not a perfect module in conducting an
investigation for it has its share of weaknesses other than its strengths.
STRENGTHS
Data collection using the quantitative design is relatively faster and easier to do. It
is especially useful given a large sample or population, because it could speedily
generate accurate, precise and credible results
Data Analysis is done through the use of statistical software, which is proven more
effective in validating constructed hypotheses and theories.
The results are more objective, and are free from personal bias of the researcher.
The samples are randomly selected and are not in any way known or related to the
researcher.

WEAKNESSES
 8

The statistical aspects of a quantitative study may be too technical for average
readers to comprehend.
Another critique about a quantitative research design is its too much emphasis on
statistical significance, disregarding the importance of the effects involved in the study.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ACROSS DISCIPLINES

There are different types quantitative research that are used in various
disciplines.
a. Medical field- In clinical research trials, some common
quantitative limits include pathology, cardiology and physical measurements. The
data collection process is automated using a computer. This increases the accuracy
and precision of the results and also promotes consistency.
b. Household census- being conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) in
order to determine the number of residents in every household in the entire
Philippines.
The findings of this survey could generate a more detailed profile of the Filipino
people, which could possibly be used by the government in determining its national
budget.
c. Market research- to determine costumer satisfaction of dissatisfaction. A survey on
the customer’s preference of fast-food restaurants could be a way to determine
which among them is the most preferred by the public.
d. Finance- a comparative study of foreign exchange rates across countries can be
made to determine which among these countries has the soundest economy.
e. Information technology- a comparative study of the results of an internet speed
tests which are being conducted by the National Telecommunication Commission
will prove which among the different internet providers in the Philippines has the
fastest and most reliable internet connectivity.
f. Education- a quantitative study of the student’s academic performance ratings may
be a good indicator as to which of the subjects/courses is most liked or disliked by
the students. The student’s rankings based on their academic performance are also
easily accessible through the use of computer software.

SALIENT POINTS
 There are two main types of research approaches: the quantitative and
qualitative approaches.
 Qualitative research studies a phenomenon in its natural setting and captures
data from the source. It aims to present an in-depth understanding of human
behavior.
 Quantitative research validates relationships to generalize.
 Quantitative research yields measurable values that can be analyzed using
statistics, figures, and mathematical models.
 There are three major tenets in quantitative research;
a. Observing and explaining an occurrence
b. Collecting information
c. And analyzing the information
 Quantitative research has a strength as well as weaknesses
 Quantitative research cuts across different fields and disciplines.