CONTENTS

1. Design Criteria
2. Tank Dimensions
3. Design of Structural components
(I) Top Dome
(II) Top Ring Beam
(III) Cylindrical Tank Wall
(IV) Bottom Ring Beam
(V) Conical Wall
(VI) Bottom Dome
(VII) Circular Girder
(VIII) Cylindrical Shaft
(IX) Foundation
Design Criteria
A - Loads
Dead Loads Concrete 25KN/M3
Live Load Snow load (1.2M depth) 3.0KN/M2
Water 10KN/M3
Earthquake Load Zone V loading
B - Codes & References
IS: 456 Code of Practice for RCC Structures
IS: 3370 Code of Practice for Liquid Retaining Structures
IS: 875 Code of Practice for Loadings
IS: 1893 Code of Practice for Earthquake Resistant Design Of structures
SP: 16 Structural Design Hand Book
C - Stress
Stress Fe-415 conforming to IS-1786
Concrete M25 grade conforming toIS-456
Safe Soil bearing capacity – 90 KN/M2 at 3.0m depth below NSL
D - Design Method
1. Working Stress design for liquid retaining element.
2. limit State Design for non liquid retaining elements.
TANK DIMENSION:
Capacity required = 100000 gallons
= 454000 liters (1 gallon = 4.54 liters)
V = 454.00 M3 (1000 liters = 1.0 M3)
Refer Adopted Dimensions as per Design Drawing
Volume of conical part: V1 = π /4(D12 + D22 + D1 x D2) h/3.0
= π /4(12.02 + 6.02 + 12.0 x 6.0) 3.0/3.0
= 197.82 M3
Deductions in conical part:
Radius, bottom dome h (2R – h) = (D/2)2
1.2(2R – 1.2) = (6.0/2.0)2
R = 4.35 M
Bottom Dome: V2 = π h2 (R – h/3)
= π (1.22) (4.35 – 1.2/3.0)
= 17.86 M3
Cylindrical part: V3 = π/4 x D2 x h
= π/4 x 2.02 x 1.80 (h = 3.0 – 1.2)
= 5.65 M3
Net volume in conical part:
V4 = V1 – (V2 + V3)
= 174.31 M3
Volume of water in cylindrical part:
V5 = V – V4
= 279.69 M3
π/4 (12.02 – 2.02) h = 279.69
‘h’ = 2.60 M
Provide height of cylindrical wall = 3.00 M (including free board)
Therefore total weight of water in Over Head Tank = 4600.00 KN
DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
(I). TOP DOME:
Central rise 1/5 - 1/6 of “D”
Adopt central rise ‘h’ = 2400 MM
Thickness 100mm - 150mm
Adopt dome thickness‘t’ = 125 MM
Live load (snow load) = 3.0 KN/M2
Dead load = 3.125 KN/M2
Total = 6.125 KN/M2
Radius ‘R’ h (2R – h) = (D/2)2
2.4(2R – 2.4) = (12.0/2.0)2
R = 8.70 M
sinθ = 6.0/8.7 = 0.69
θ = 43.360
cosθ = 0.72
Meridional thrust T1 = WR/ (1+cosθ) = 30.98 KN/m
Meridional Stress = 30.98 x 103/125 x 1000
= 0.25 N/mm2 ˂ 5.0 N/mm2 - ok
Circumferential force T2 = WR [cosθ – (1/1+cosθ)] = 7.46 KN/m
Hoop Stress = 7.46 x 103/125 x 1000
= 0.06 N/mm2 ˂ 5.0 N/mm2 - ok
Provide Ast min. = 0.35%
Ast = 437.50 MM2
Provide10 @ 150 mm c/c both circumferentially and meridianoly.
(II). TOP RING BEAM:
Hoop tension = T1 x cosθ x D/2
= 30.98 x 0.72 x 12.0/2 = 133.83 KN
Area of steel required Ast = 133.83 x 1000/130
= 1029.46 MM2
Provide 4 - 16 Ф + 4 - 12 Ф bars,
Ast = 1256 mm2 > 1029.46 mm2 - ok
Section of Ring Beam.
Adopt 400 MM x 300 MM size of ring beam. (m = 280/3∂cbc)
Max. Tensile stress = 133.83 x 1000
(400 x 300) + (9.98 x 1256)
= 1.0 N/mm2 ˂ 1.30 N/mm2 – ok
(III). CYLINDRICAL WALL:
Max. Hoop tension at base = YH x D/2
= 10 x 2.60 x 12.0/2 = 156.00 KN/m
Area of steel = 156.60 x 1000/130 = 1200.00 MM2
Area of steel on each face = 600.00 MM2
(Adopt ‘t’ = 200 mm)
Provide 10Ф bars @ 125 mm c/c both faces.
Ast provided = 628.00 MM2 ˃ 600.00 MM2 – ok
Check for wall thickness:
Max. Tensile stress = 152.40 x 1000
(200 x 1000) + (9.98 x 628.00)
= 0.73 N/mm2 ˂ 1.30 N/mm2 – ok
Check for compressive stress at the bottom of the cylindrical wall:
Vertical component of T1 = T1 x sin θ
= 30.98 x 0.69 = 21.38 KN/m
Weight of ring beam (b x d x 25) = 0.40 x 0.30 x 25 = 3.00 KN/m
Weight of wall (h x t x 25) = 2.60 x 0.20 x 25 = 13.00 KN/m
Total vertical load per meter V2 = 37.38 KN/m
Compressive stress = 37.38 x 103/200 x 1000
= 0.19 N/mm2 ˂ 5.0 N/mm2 - ok
Vertical steel (minimum) = @ 0.35% = 700 MM2
Area of steel on each face = 350 MM2
Provide 10Ф bars @ 200 mm c/c both faces.
(IV). BOTTOM RING BEAM:
Total vertical load due to top dome, top ring beam and cylindrical wall
V2 = 37.38 KN/m (calculated above)
Hoop force due to above load ‘H’ = 37.38 x cos θ/sin θ = 37.38 KN/m (θ=450)
Let the ring beam be 400 mm deep
Hoop force due to water = 10 x 2.60 x 0.40 = 10.40 KN/m
Total Hoop force = 47.78 KN
Hoop tension = 47.78 x 12.0/2 = 286.68 KN
Area of steel = 286.68 x 1000/130
= 2205.23 MM2
Provide 12 - 16Ф = 2412.00 MM2 ˃ 2205.23 MM2
Section of Ring Beam.
Adopt 600 MM x 400 MM size of ring beam.
Max. Tensile stress = 286.68 x 1000
(600 x 400) + (9.98 x 2412)
= 1.08 N/mm2 ˂ 1.30 N/mm2 – ok
(V). CONICAL SLAB:
Average diameter = 9.0 M
Average Depth of water = 4.10 M
Weight of water above conical dome = π x D x h x b x density of water
= 3.14 x 9.0 x 4.10 x 4.25 x 10
= 4924.30 KN
Assume 225 MM thick slab
Self weight of slab = π x D x b x t x density of concrete
= 3.14 x 9.0 x 4.25 x 0.225 x 25
= 675.59 KN
Load from top dome, top ring beam, cylindrical wall and bottom ring beam.
= 37.38 x 3.14 x 12.0
= 1408.48 KN
Total load at base of conical slab = 2084.07 KN
Load / Unit circumference = 110.62 KN/m
Meridional thrust at bottom = 110.62/cos θ
= 155.80 KN/m
Meridional stress = 155.80 x 1000/225 x 1000
= 0.69 N/mm2 ˂ 5.0 N/mm2 – ok
Hoop tension in conical dome = (p cosec θ + q tan θ) D/2
At top = (26.0 x 1.41 + 5.62 x 1.0) 12.0/2
= 253 .68 KN/m
At center = (41.0 x 1.41 + 5.62 x 1.0) 9.0/2
= 285.44 KN/m
At bottom = (56.0 x 1.41 + 5.62 x 1.0) 6.0/2
= 253.74 KN/m
Therefore Area of hoop steel = 285.44 x 1000/130
= 2195.69 MM2
Therefore steel on each face = 1097.85 MM2
Provide 12Ф bars @ 100 mm c/c both faces
Ast provided = 1130.00 MM2 ˃ 1087.08 MM2
Max tensile stress = 285.44 x 1000
(225 x 1000) + (9.98 x 1130)
= 1.21 N/mm2 ˂ 1.30 N/mm2 – ok
Distribution steel (minimum) = @ 0.35% = 787.50 MM2
Area of steel on each face = 393.75 MM2
Provide 10Ф bars @ 175 mm c/c both faces.
(VI). BOTTOM DOME:
Diameter at base = 6.0 M
Rise of dome = 1.20 M
Thickness = 200 MM
Radius, bottom dome h (2R – h) = (D/2)2
1.20(2R – 1.20) = (6.0/2.0)2
R = 4.35 M
sinθ = 3.0/4.35 = 0.69
θ = 43.600
cosθ = 0.72
Self wt. of dome slab = 2 π R h t 25
= 2 x 3.14 x 4.35 x 1.20 x 0.20 x 25
= 163.91 KN
Internal dia of vertical shaft = 1.80 M
External dia of vertical shaft = 2.0 M
Total wt. of vertical shaft = π D t h x 25
 = 3.14 x 1.90 x 0.10 x 4.80 x 25
= 71.59 KN
Wt. of water over bottom dome = 1265.80 KN
Total wt. over dome = 1501.30 KN
Load/unit area = 45.79 KN/M2
Meridional thrust = WR/ (1+cosθ) = 115.81 KN/m
Meridional Stress = 115.81 x 103/200 x 1000
= 0.58 N/mm2 ˂ 5.0 N/mm2 - ok
Circumferential force = WR [cosθ – (1/1+cosθ)] = 27.88 KN/m
Hoop Stress = 27.88 x 103/200 x 1000
= 0.14 N/mm2 ˂ 5.0 N/mm2 - ok
Provide Ast min. = 0.35%
Ast = 700.00 MM2
Steel on each face = 350.00 MM2
Provide 10 @ 175 mm c/c both circumferentially and meridionaly both faces.
(V). INTERNAL SHAFT:
Height of shaft = 4.40 M
Diameter of shaft = 2.00 M
Compressive force due to water pressure = 4.40 x 10 = 44.00 KN
Hoop compression = 44.00 x 2.00/2
= 44.00 KN
Hoop stress = 44.00 x 103 / 100 x 1000
= 0.44 N/mm2 ˂ 5.00 N/mm2 – ok
Provide Ast min. = 0.35%
Ast = 350.00 MM2
Provide 10 @ 175 mm c/c both circumferentially and meridionaly.
(VI). CIRCULAR GIRDER:
Thrust from conical Slab = 155.80 cos 450 = 110.62 KN
Thrust from bottom dome = 115.81 cos 450 = 82.22 KN
Net horizontal force = 28.40 KN
Hoop compression = 28.40 x 6.00/2
= 85.20 KN
Assume the ring beam size as 400 mm wide by 600 mm deep
Hoop stress = 85.20 x 103 / 400 x 600
= 0.36 N/mm2 ˂ 5.00 N/mm2 – ok
Provide Ast min. = 0.35%
Ast = 840.00 MM2
Provide 8 - 12Ф = 904.00 MM2 ˃ 840.00 MM2
(VI). CYLINDRICAL SHAFT:
Diameter of shaft (internal) = 6.0 M (assumed)
Required staging height = 8.0 M (above GL)
Height of wall above foundation = 8.80 M
Assume thickness of shaft wall = 200 MM
Depth of foundation = 2.00 M
Self wt. of shaft wall = π D t h x 25 = 856.59 KN
Load due to:
Top dome = 2 π R h x 6.125 = 803.15 KN
Top ring beam = π D b1 d1 x 25 = 116.81 KN
Cylindrical wall = π D t h x 25 = 421.39 KN
Bottom ring beam = π D b2 d2 x 25 = 237.38 KN
Conical shell = π D t h x 25 = 692.48 KN
Bottom dome = 2 π R h t 25 = 163.91 KN
Internal shaft = π D t h x 25 = 71.59 KN
Bottom girder = π D b3 d3 x 25 = 116.81 KN
Misc. (Stair, ladder, landings, plastering etc) = 300 KN
Total weight at foundation level (Empty condition) = 3780.11 KN
Weight of water in the tank = 4600 KN
Total weight at foundation level (Full condition) = 8380.11 KN

Check for seismic force:

Seismic weight tank empty conditions = 3209.05 KN
Seismic weight tank full conditions = 7809.05 KN
‘I’ of shaft = π/64 (6.44 – 6.0 4) = 18.73 M4
‘A’ of shaft = π/4(6.42 – 6.02) = 3.89 M2
‘Z’ = I/y = 5.85 M3
‘E’ of concrete = 2.23 x 107 KN/M2
(Empty Condition):
‘Ϫ’ = WL3 / 3EI
‘Ϫ’ = 0.50 CM
Period ‘T’ = 2 ∏√ Ϫ/g seconds
Period ‘T’ = 0.14 seconds
Damping of concrete = 5%
Sa /g = 0.19
αh = β I F0 Sa /g
= 1 x 1.5 x 0.40 x 0.19 = 0.11
Horizontal force = 3209.05 x 0.11 = 353.00 KN
Moment (empty condition) = 353.00 x 12.50 = 4412.50 KN-M
Vertical Load = 3780.11 KN

(Full Condition):
‘Ϫ’ = WL3 / 3EI
‘Ϫ’ = 1.22 CM
Period ‘T’ = 2 ∏√ Ϫ/g seconds
Period ‘T’ = 0.22 seconds
Damping of concrete = 5%
Sa /g = 0.19
αh = β I F0 Sa /g
= 1 x 1.5 x 0.40 x 0.19 = 0.11
Horizontal force = 7809.05 x 0.11 = 859.00 KN
Moment (empty condition) = 859.00 x 12.50 = 10737.50 KN-M
Vertical Load = 8380.11 KN
Check for stresses (empty condition):
(a) Under gravity load
σc = P/A = 0.97 N/mm2 ˂ 5.0 N/mm2 - OK
(b) Under seismic load
σc = P/A + M/Z = 1.72 N/mm2 ˂ 6.25(1.25x5.0) N/mm2 - OK

Check for stresses (full condition):

(a) Under gravity load
 σc = P/A = 2.15 N/mm2 ˂ 5.0 N/mm2 - OK
(b) Under seismic load
σc = P/A + M/Z = 3.99 N/mm2 ˂ 6.25(1.25x5.0) N/mm2 - OK
Provide minimum reinforcement in shaft.
Provide 10 mm Ф @ 125 c/c both faces vertically for full length.
Provide 10 mm Ф @ 200 c/c both faces horizontally.
(VII). DESIGN OF RAFT FOUNDATION:
Total weight at foundation level (Full condition) = 8380.11 KN
Weight of foundation @ 10% = 838.01 KN
Grand total weight at foundation level (Full condition) = 9218.12 KN
Design load ‘P’ = 9218.12 KN
Design moment ‘M’ = 10737.50 KN-M
Assuming dia of footing = 13.0 M
Area of footing ‘A’ = 132.67 M2
Section modulus ‘Z’ = 215.58 M3
Upward soil pressure = P/A ± M/Z
Max. Soil pressure = 112.97 KN/M2 ˂ 1.33(90)
KN/M2
Min. Soil pressure = 13.35 KN/M2
Upward soil pressure (Normal) = 63.17 KN/M2
Factored load = 94.75 KN/M2
Upward pressure at junction (seismic) = 87.68 KN/M2
Average upward pressure = 100.32 KN/M2
Factored load = 120.39 KN/M2
Area of strip = 5 M2
C.G of strip = 1.83 M
Moment at junction = 120.39 x 5.00 x 1.83
= 1101.50 KN-M