Verve Coverage Guide
Verve Coverage Guide
Verve Coverage Guide
CONTENTS
Each year, over 40,000 screenplays are registered with the Writer’s Guild of America and submitted to
agencies, production companies and studios. Needless to say, agents and executives do not have the
time to read all of this material. They hire readers (or interns like you guys) to vet the massive amounts
of material submitted to them. Readers review the material and write a 2-3 page synopsis and analysis
called coverage.
Here at Verve, there are two types of coverage you will be assigned by either Robert Luna or Parker
Davis: Blacklist Coverage and Standard Coverage.
Blacklist Coverage
The Blacklist is a company that monitors unrepresented writers with unsolicited materials. Generally,
the material is not strong enough to be considered for representation but, sometimes, there is an
excellent screenplay or writer waiting to be discovered. More often than not, these submissions are a
pass. If so, you will probably know within the first 30 or 40 pages. If you are assigned Blacklist coverage,
you will receive an email from Parker Davis requesting a 5-8 sentence evaluation of the screenplay and
your rating. The email will be similar to the sample below:
GREAT DAMES
Nick Baker
A petite push-over of a widow with an empty nest, a depressingly dysfunctional family, and serious self-esteem
issues suddenly adopts an enormous Great Dane, inciting wild happenings in her small New England town and
drastic transformations in herself.
Please write 5-8 sentences of notes and your rating… More is great if you really like it.
If it’s bad, and you feel it is a PASS, no need to read the whole thing. Stop whenever you are sure.
**REMEMBER: You are evaluating the writing. If you feel the piece is well-written, pass it up the
chain**
Please have this completed no later than Friday morning. The sooner the better!!!
1
COVERAGE OVERVIEW
Standard Coverage
Unlike Blacklist coverage, standard coverage is a more in-depth and thorough synopsis and analysis of a
script. It is used throughout the industry to give agents and executives an assessment of the value of a
script.
Whichever coverage you’re assigned, be sure to proofread your coverage before turning it in to Robert
or Parker. All coverage has a 48-hour turnaround time. If you cannot make this turnaround, notify
Robert or Parker. We understand that life can get in the way of completing a task but we need to be
aware of the situation.
The following pages explain how to write standard coverage. Let’s begin with the coverage template.
2
COVERAGE TEMPLATE
TITLE: GENRE:
WRITER(S): LOCALE:
WRITER(S) A CLIENT?: SETTING:
COVERAGE FOR: PERIOD:
ASSIGNED BY: BUDGET:
SUBMITTED FROM: FORM:
STUDIO: PAGES:
PRODUCER: DRAFT DATE:
ELEMENTS ATTACHED: COVERAGE DATE:
PURPOSE: PREPARED BY:
LOGLINE:
SYNOPSIS:
COMMENTS:
OVERALL ASSESSMENT:
SCRIPT -
WRITER -
3
THE GRID
WRITER A CLIENT?: Is the writer(s) a Verve client? Yes or No. If unknown, leave blank.
SUBMITTED FROM: Person or company who sent the material to the agency. If unknown, leave blank.
ELEMENTS ATTACHED: Name of any attached elements (talent, director). If none, leave blank.
PURPOSE: Reason the coverage is being written. Representation (writer is seeking representation),
Available Material (material written by a client), OWA (Open Writing Assignment), ODA (Open Directing
Assignment), Packaging (considering material as a potential agency package meaning we can attach at
least two agency clients to the project). If unknown, leave blank.
GENRE: The broad category the story belongs to. Please refer to the Genre Chart in Appendix A for
samples.
LOCALE: Geographic location(s) where the story takes place. If there are four or more, list the three
most dominant to the story. If the story takes place all over the world, list Worldwide.
SETTING: As opposed to the geographic location, this is the physical setting (or scenery) of the story.
Please refer to the Settings Chart in Appendix A for samples.
PERIOD: When the story takes place. (Ex: 2013, 1700s, 1955/1985, etc.)
BUDGET: General estimation of the budget for the script. List as Low, Medium, or High.
FORM: The type of material you’re covering. Script, Manuscript, Stage Play, Treatment, Article.
DRAFT DATE: Date of the draft of the script (check the cover of the script). If unknown, leave blank.
4
THE LOGLINE
A logline is a one sentence summary of the story. It paints the plot in one broad stroke. It should state
the basic premise of the story in a way that is clear and intriguing.
Sample Loglines:
After accidentally traveling back in time, a teenage boy enlists the help of a mad scientist to make sure
his high-school-age parents fall in love in order to save his own existence. [Back to the Future]
A jaded nightclub owner in World War II Casablanca has his loyalties put to the test when his old flame
reappears seeking his help escaping the Nazis. [Casablanca]
A silent film star sees his career fall with the advent of talking pictures as a young dancer he discovered
becomes a rising star. [The Artist]
A family determined to get their young daughter into the finals of a beauty pageant takes a cross-
country trip in their VW bus. [Little Miss Sunshine]
In a post-apocalyptic America, a teen girl from a poor district must enter a televised kill-or-be-killed
competition to save her family. [The Hunger Games]
5
THE SYNOPSIS
A synopsis is a concise summary of the plot. It describes the main action of the story and only includes
the subplots that have a direct bearing on the main story. The synopsis should not include every single
event in the script. Remember, you only have one page to recap the story.
One method for writing a synopsis is to write as much as you can from memory first. This technique will
naturally have you focus on the essential elements of the story and leave out extraneous details.
Stylistically, you want to maintain the mood or tone of the script in your coverage (i.e. if the script is an
action/adventure you might make your coverage fast-paced and exciting by using quick sentences and
action verbs). You want to express the unique aspects of the story as well as paint it in its best light.
Even if a script is boring, your synopsis should not be.
Character names should appear in ALL CAPS the first time you introduce them (subsequently, they
should be in regular case) followed by a brief description of who the character is. When introducing
secondary characters, be sure to relate them to the protagonist.
6
EVALUATING A SCREENPLAY
The most important part of coverage is the comments section. Before you can write comprehensive
comments, you first have to know how to evaluate a script. Screenplays are evaluated on the following
criteria: Premise, Originality, Structure, Pacing, Conflict, Characters, Dialogue and Writing Ability.
Premise:
The premise is the core concept of a story. It should be interesting and relatable on a primal level to the
greatest number of people regardless of time period or culture.
Originality
A screenplay need not be completely original but there should be something original about the story. It
shouldn’t feel as though you’ve seen it before.
Structure
This section refers to the three-act structure as outlined by Christopher Vogler, Syd Field, Blake Snyder,
Robert McKee and Joseph Campbell. The three-act structure basically states that every story can be
broken down into three parts: a beginning, a middle and an end. If you are not familiar with the
conventional three-act structure, please go to library and acquire The Writer’s Journey by Christopher
Vogler.
The following are the major plot points that occur within the three-act structure. These are only the
major plot points. In addition to these, all scripts should contain other high and low points.
ACT ONE
o PRE-EXISTING LIFE: This lets us view the situation the Protagonist is in before a major and
unexpected change.
7
EVALUATING A SCREENPLAY
o INCITING INCIDENT: The inciting incident—which usually occurs within the first 10-18 pages—
forces the Protagonist out of his or her everyday world. It creates a situation the Protagonist
must overcome.
o QUESTION RAISED: The beginning of the script should raise a question that is answered in the
final scenes (e.g., “Who is the killer?” or “Will the lovers get together?”). Getting the answer to
this question is what pulls the audience through the story.
o ACT ONE DECISION/GOAL: The Protagonist gradually acclimates to his or her new situation,
defines a goal for himself and formulates a plan for accomplishing this goal.
ACT TWO
o DECISIVE ACTION: As Act Two begins, the Protagonist decides to take decisive action in response
to the inciting incident and sets off to accomplish his or her goal. This step involves a sequence
or several sequences of positive progress for the Protagonist.
o FIRST REVERSAL: As the story unfolds for the Protagonist, the stakes of the goal are consistently
raised and seem more difficult to achieve. Risk has also accumulated with appropriate amounts
of tension and release.
o MID-POINT: Usually the point in the script where a major event or set back happens (e.g., the
introduction of a new Antagonist or Antagonistic Force). An event occurs that forces the
Protagonist to fully commit to his or her goal.
o OPPOSITION: The Second Act should have the Protagonist repeatedly face opposition to his or
her goal while trying to achieve it using his/her current way of thinking.
o SECOND REVERSAL: The Protagonist reacts to the events of the mid-point and usually comes out
worse for the wear.
ACT THREE
o FALSE CLIMAX: Act Three begins with the false climax. This is the point in the script where the
Protagonist’s goal seems to have been realized.
o ACT THREE DECISION: Different from the first act decision, this is the point where the audience
sees how the Protagonist has changed emotionally over the course of the script. What will they
do now to reach their goal?
o CLIMAX: In the climax, the Protagonist’s emotional change allows him or her to use a lesson
learned in Act Two to solve the problem established in Act One (the inciting incident) in an
expected way. The Protagonist must face his or her biggest obstacle at the climax.
Keep in mind that every screenplay does not have to conform to the conventional three-act structure to
be merit-worthy although most good screenplays do.
8
EVALUATING A SCREENPLAY
Structure (cont.)
Pacing
Just as a piece of music has a tempo, a good story has a tempo—or pace—that keeps the story moving
forward. A well-paced screenplay times the major events of the story so that there is a balance between
tension and release.
Conflict
The conflict in the screenplay should be a universal conflict that permeates the entire story and should
serve as the engine that drives the story.
9
EVALUATING A SCREENPLAY
Characters
Characters are the lifeblood of a story. Good characters have arcs which means they go through a
change or realization and are different by the end of the script. Even minor characters can and should
have arcs. Effective characters always have more than one dimension to them, and shouldn't fall victim
to direct categorization. They must seem as real as possible, even if we only see a glimpse of their lives.
Dialogue
While the domain of movies involves visual action, dialogue plays an important role for the audience.
10
EVALUATING A SCREENPLAY
Does the story avoid expository dialogue (characters explaining what has happened or is about to
happen) or at least keep it to a minimum?
Is the dialogue believable?
Does the dialogue reflect the time period and subculture in which the story takes place?
Is the dialogue memorable? Would the audience recall specific lines and tell their friends about them?
Does the action and dialogue balance each other out into a smooth, coherent read without stalling the
screenplay?
Is dialogue often used when a visual image could easily be substituted with equal or greater effect?
Does the dialogue drag in scenes, making the scenes longer than need be?
Is the dialogue cliché or completely superfluous?
Is the dialogue painful to read?
Writing Ability
For a story to be well-told, it must be well-written showing a mastery of the English language. It must
also be properly formatted.
11
THE COMMENTS
As stated earlier, the most important part of writing coverage is the comments section. This is the
section where you state your opinion of the material. Your comments could get a writer signed and,
potentially, a script sold or be the end of the road for a script.
Thoughtfully evaluate the material you read, keeping in mind the various criteria listed above. Then
write your comments—your opinion of the material—based on the criteria. State specific story points
which support your analysis. If you like the script, explain why. If the story is not engaging or believable,
illustrate how and why. If a strong premise falls apart, point out where.
If you don’t like a script, give concrete reasons why. In all likelihood, someone may pass on the material
having only read your coverage. Give them a lot of ammunition. Why is the material bad?
Be confident with your opinions but don’t be rude. If a script sucks, don’t say it sucks. Explain why it
doesn’t work.
Each paragraph of your comments should contain a topic sentence, support and conclusion.
In your final paragraph, draw your conclusions and summarize your comments.
Do not write in the first person. No “I think,” “I feel.”
Be professional. Proofread, spell-check, use full sentences, avoid slang, avoid contractions, only use third
person present tense.
It is important that your overall ranking of the script and the writer (recommend, consider, pass) be
consistent with your comments.
12
OVERALL ASSESSMENT
The overall assessment is where you rate the script and the writer.
Script: Your overall rating of the story. Rate with: Recommend, Consider, or Pass
Writer: Your overall rating of the writing. Rate with: Recommend, Consider, or Pass
PASS: If you are ambivalent about the script, it’s a pass.
CONSIDER: If you like something, but it has a few flaws, it should be a consider.
RECOMMEND: If the script is nearly perfect, or if you love it so much that you would put up your own
money to get it made, it should be a recommend.
The rating for the script and the writer do not have to be the same. A script can be well-written but the
execution of the story may be weak, or vice versa, the story and plot may be riveting but the writing is
pedestrian.
Don’t consider or recommend anything you can’t defend to the assigning agent, but don’t be afraid to
make a strong judgment.
With this in mind, always recommend writers who are clients. It is acceptable to pass on the script itself
in these instances.
13
SAMPLE COVERAGE
LOGLINE:
A man finds himself alone on a spaceship after waking up 30 years into an 120 year voyage and decides
to wake up another passenger to be his companion.
SYNOPSIS:
An interstellar spacecraft drifts in space. Inside, thousands of people of all ages and backgrounds lie in
hibernation pods. One of them, JAMES “JIM” PRESTON, 38, an inquisitive, salt-of-the-earth man, wakes
up and wanders the ship. He’s greeted by robots and holograms eager to serve him. It’s as if he’s
traveling on a cruise ship in outer space. Jim arrives at the reception room but he’s the only person
there. He travels the length of the ship and realizes he’s the only person on the ship. Everyone else is
still asleep. Seeking answers, Jim arrives at the Infomat station, a hologram that gives information. Jim
discovers the ship is only 30 years into its journey to a distant planet called Homestead II and has
another 80 years to travel. Jim woke up too soon.
Jim sends a message to Earth but the Infomat informs him the message won’t be received for 19 years
and a reply won’t arrive for 57 years. Jim is trapped on the ship. He goes to the bar to have a drink and
makes the acquaintance of ARTHUR, an android bartender. Putting his mechanic know-how to work, Jim
goes to the hibernation bay and tinkers with his hibernation pod in hopes of returning to sleep but his
plan fails. With nothing else to do, Jim decides to enjoy the amenities of the ship. He moves into a fancy
suite, plays sports, learns Russian and frequents the bar. But after a year, the loneliness of his situation
takes its toll. Jim is depressed and alcoholic.
In a lonely stupor, Jim wanders the chambers of the hibernation bay looking at the other passengers
who are still asleep when he sees AURORA DUNN, late 20s, and falls in love. She’s the most beautiful
woman he’s ever seen. Instantly, Jim wants to wake her up. He debates with himself whether or not it’s
fair to condemn someone to a life of loneliness just to cure his own loneliness. Overwhelmed by
solitude, Jim tinkers with Aurora’s pod and wakes her up. Aurora wanders the ship and meets Jim. He
tells her they are the only passengers awake on the ship. Aurora convinces him to send a message to
other intersstellar spacecrafts. Unfortunately, the soonest another ship will receive their message is in
80 years. They try to build a hibernation pod but they don’t have the resources onboard the ship to do
it. They try to turn the ship around and head back to earth but they can’t get into the control center.
They search the infirmary for sleeping pills but don’t find any. They’re stuck.
14
SAMPLE COVERAGE
Alone aboard the ship, Jim and Aurora spend their days together exploring the ship and fall in love. On
Aurora’s birthday, they have dinner together. Arthur, the android bartender, lets it slip that Jim
intentionally woke her up. Aurora storms out furious. Time passes but Aurora’s anger does not ebb. She
sneaks into his room in the middle of the night and viciously attacks him. She’s utterly disgusted with
him. Jim continually tries to apologize to her but she wants nothing to do with him.
Depressed and looking for a project to take his mind off his situation, Jim uses builds a garden in the
middle of the ship. Soon after he finishes, another passenger wakes up. GUS MANCUSO, 55, the deck
chief of the ship. Gus has been an interstellar space traveler for almost 600 years but all the traveling
has taken a toll on his body. He goes to the infirmary and finds out he only has a few hours to live. He
returns to his room, puts on his old Navy uniform and, with Jim and Aurora watching, steps into the
vacuum shoot and exits into outer space dying among the stars he loved so much.
Strange things begin to happen on the ship. The robots act erratically, the gravity generator temporarily
fails. The ship is slowly breaking down. With Gus’s crewman’s pass, Jim enters the control room and
investigates. The fusion reactor is unstable. Jim and Aurora find a replacement fusion reactor in the
mechanical room and install it. But ship continues to fall apart. A schematic shows there’s a door
blocking the reactor’s tube. Despite Aurora’s vehement objections, Jim puts on a spacesuit and steps out
onto the exterior of the ship to close the door that’s blocking the tube. He succeeds in closing the door
but his tether rope snaps and he slowly drifts away into space.
Distraught at the idea of losing Jim and spending the rest of her life alone on the ship, Aurora rushes to
put on a spacesuit. She exits the ship as far as her tether rope will allow and with all her might reaches
out and grabs the end of Jim’s rope. She pulls him back into the ship and drags him to the infirmary
where the automated medical machines resuscitate him. Relieved that he made it, Aurora gives him a
hearty kiss.
Months later, the ship is fixed and Jim and Aurora snuggle in the pool, in love and at peace with their
fate aboard the ship.
88 years later, the ship buzzes with activity. Everyone is awake and eager to arrive at their new planet. A
young ENSIGN runs into the CAPTAIN’S quarters and tells him there’s something he needs to see. They
find a garden in the middle of ship along with two graves and a book titled, In the Blink of an Eye: Our
Lives Between the Stars, by Aurora.
COMMENTS:
From page one, PASSENGERS paints a picture of interstellar space that enthralls and mesmerizes. Jim’s
predicament—being the only passenger on a spaceship that won’t arrive at its destination until long
after he dies—is established quickly and smoothly and raises questions that keep you turning the page
until the end. The writer establishes the setting and context of the story quickly and with ease.
Jim is a character who is relatable and empathetic. It is easy to understand why he would wake up
another passenger and to feel the loneliness and deprivation that leads him to such action. The script
does not shy away from the moral quandary of his action. Rather, it uses it to its strength
counterbalancing Jim’s despair with Aurora’s anger at having been awakened.
15
SAMPLE COVERAGE
Aurora is the type of character that rarely appears in films. A smart, charismatic, three-dimensional
WOMAN with strengths as well as flaws. This is the sort of role that actresses spend their entire careers
hoping to find.
The dialogue is realistic and smooth-flowing. Scientific and futuristic words are used without seeming
out of place or forced. A particularly beautiful passage occurs in the second act as Jim and Aurora
discuss why they chose to leave Earth and travel to a new planet. The dialogue pulls off the feat of being
both specific to the characters yet universal to everyone.
The ultimate strength of PASSENGERS is the writing. The mastery of language, precise turns-of-phrase,
and expert word choice makes for a story that you can see, hear and feel. The deft use of language
creates precise, crisp images yet the images are malleable enough that a director with vision has room
to put his or her own visual stamp on the film.
An initial concern regarding PASSENGERS is whether or not a story with essentially two characters can
sustain interest for two hours. The predicament the characters find themselves in, the compelling
personalities of the main characters and the highly-visual setting create enough intrigue, drama, action,
suspense and romance to overcome this potential stumbling block.
With expert storytelling, lyrical dialogue, imaginative visuals and nearly flawless pacing that expertly
oscillates between calm character moments and riveting action sequences, PASSENGERS is a
Recommend for both story and writer.
OVERALL ASSESSMENT:
SCRIPT - Recommend
WRITER - Recommend
16
APPENDIX A
GENRE CHART
SETTINGS CHART
17