ARGIE G.

PANGARAL MAED FILIPINO

1. Principle of LOCO PARENTIS consistent to the primary role of school in upbringing the
maximum potential and best interest of EVERY CHILD.

The concept of loco-parentis has historically been used by teachers and administrators as a
prominent component of the legal and sometimes ethical rationale for the disciplining of students
under their charge. The literal translation of the term loco-parentis means “in place of the
parents” was the foundation which American school of thought developed in the colonial and
pre – revolutionary war era. The doctrine which was founded in England stated that:
“A parent may also delegate part of his parent authority, during his life, to the tutor or school
master of his child; who is then in-loco-parentis and had such a portion of the power of the
parent, ; that the restraint and correction, as may be necessary, to answer the purposes for
which he is employed.”
In the Philippine educational system, LOCO PARENTIS is employed when teachers act as
second parents to the students. Since learners spend almost quarter of their time per day in
school, it is the teachers who are in charge to act as a guardian, guiding them and facilitating
them. The role of the school in relation to the doctrine of LOCO PARENTIS helps students
achieve their aim and that is to show them the path of their best interest. AS teachers acting
parents, they guide with no hesitation and sometimes, “push the rod on their bones” in order to
straighten their incorrect behaviors that will lead to their demise.
2. Principle of SHARED GOVERNANCE of BASIC EDUCATION under Republic Act
9155, its implication and applicability in today’s pandemic as experienced by schools in the
new normal highlighting:
a. PRINCIPAL’S EMPOWERMENT
b. SCHOOL’S INFORMATION USING A WEBSITE

Shared Governance is the transparent process by which the school community (i.e., faculty, staff,
administrators, alumni, and students) influences decisions on matters of policy and procedure,
and/or to present alternatives on such matters. Shared governance fosters mutually reinforcing
relationships that expand cooperation and develop leadership while facilitating judicious, yet
creative, university governance.
(a.) In response to growing concern over unilateral actions taken by the Department of Education
- Bacolod and administrations during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Committee on each public
schools’ governance affirms that the fundamental principles and standards of academic
governance remain applicable even in the current crisis. To abide in the Principle of Shared
Governance, the school recommends “adequate communication” and “joint planning and effort”
(commonly referred to as “shared governance”) among governing board, administration, faculty,
and students. A key principle articulated in the Statement on Government is that, within the
context of shared governance, the faculty has “primary responsibility” for decisions related to
academic matters, including “curriculum, subject matter and methods of instruction, research,
faculty status, and those aspects of student life which relate to the educational process.”
Although the statement acknowledges that principals or school heads have final decision-making
authority, it asserts that that authority “should be exercised adversely only in exceptional
circumstances, and for reasons communicated to the faculty.”
(b.) when it comes to disseminating school information using a website, pre pandemic times,
there is only one or two personnel entrusted to update the information on every school website as
general authority. With the pandemic looming in the country everyone in the school is required
to have their own updates per section to inform everyone about school happenings. Faculty and
staff, teaching and non-teaching personnel and working hand in hand to accommodate the
queries of parents and other education sector personnel regarding the system of education now
that we side with distance or remote learning. Thus, the application of shared governance is
exercised.

3. Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 in terms of the State Declaration of Policies and
its Scope. Mention significant relationship with the BE-LCP in times of COVID 19.

On the website of Department of Education, it states there the adoption of Enhanced Basic
Education Act of 2013 to the basic Education Learning Continuity Plan because of the raging
effects of pandemic that loomed all over the country, affecting not only the economic and health
sector but also the educational system of the Philippines. The COVID-19 pandemic poses
challenges to various sectors, especially in responding to basic rights. With the physical
distancing and community quarantine being among the measures to contain COVID-19, basic
education is among the sectors heavily affected as schools and community learning centers are
closed for physical conduct of classes. In places like Manila and other big cities with large
portion of COVID 19 inflected people, the actual physical classes are suspended. With the BE-
LCP, the Department of Education draws out plans and actions in order to continue the learnings
of students and not stall the knowledge they are to acquire on classes.
The relationship of Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 to BE-LCP ensures learning
continuity through K-12 curriculum adjustments, alignment of learning materials, deployment of
multiple learning delivery modalities, provision of corresponding training for teachers and school
leaders, and proper orientation of parents or guardians of learners.
4. Compare and contrast the rights, duties and responsibilities of the following as stipulated
in Batas Pambansa 232 as (THE NORMAL) and DepEd Order No. 12 & 31 as (THE NEW
NORMAL)
Batas Pambansa 232 as (THE NORMAL)
Rights of Parents. In addition to other rights under existing laws, all parents who have children
enrolled in a school have the following rights:
1. The right to organize by themselves and/or with teachers for the purpose of providing a forum
for the discussion of matters relating to the total school program, and for ensuring the full
cooperation of parents and teachers in the formulation and efficient implementation of such
programs.
2. The right to access to any official record directly relating to the children who are under their
parental responsibility.
Duties of Parents. In addition to those provided for under existing laws, all parents shall have
the following duties and obligations:
1. Parents, individually or collectively, through the school systems, shall help carry out the
educational objectives in accordance with national goals.
2. Parents shall be obliged to enable their children to obtain elementary education and shall strive
to enable them to obtain secondary and higher education in the pursuance of the right formation
of the youth.
3. Parents shall cooperate with the school in the implementation of the school program curricular
and co-curricular.
Right of Students in School. In addition to other rights, and subject to the limitations prescribed
by law and regulations, and students and pupils in all schools shall enjoy the following rights:
1. The right to receive, primarily through competent instruction, relevant quality education in
line with national goals and conducive to their full development as persons with human dignity.
2. The right to freely choose their field of study subject to existing curricula and to continue their
course therein up to graduation, except in cases of academic deficiency, or violation of
disciplinary regulations.
3. The right to school guidance and counseling services for making decisions and selecting the
alternatives in fields of work suited to his potentialities.
4. The right of access to his own school records, the confidentiality of which the school shall
maintain and preserve.
5. The right to the issuance of official certificates, diplomas, transcript of records, grades,
transfer credentials and other similar documents within thirty days from request.
6. The right to publish a student newspaper and similar publications, as well as the right to invite
resource persons during assemblies, symposia and other activities of similar nature.
7. The right to free expression of opinions and suggestions, and to effective channels of
communication with appropriate academic and administrative bodies of the school or institution.
8. The right to form, establish, join and participate in organizations and societies recognized by
the school to foster their intellectual, cultural, spiritual and physical growth and development, or
to form, establish, join and maintain organizations and societies for purposes not contrary to law.
9. The right to be free from involuntary contributions, except those approved by their own
organizations or societies.
Duties and Responsibilities of Students. In addition to those provided for under existing laws,
every student shall:
1. Exert his utmost to develop his potentialities for service, particularly by undergoing an
education suited to his abilities, in order that he may become an asset to his family and to
society.
2. Uphold the academic integrity of the school, endeavor to achieve academic excellence and
abide by the rules and regulations governing his academic responsibilities and moral integrity.
3. Promote and maintain the peace and tranquility of the school by observing the rules and
discipline, and by exerting efforts to attain harmonious relationships with fellow students, the
teaching and academic staff and other school personnel.
4. Participate actively in civic affairs and in the promotion of the general welfare, particularly in
the social, economic and cultural development of his community and in the attainment of a just,
compassionate and orderly society.
5. Exercise his rights responsibly in the knowledge that he is answerable for any infringement or
violation of the public welfare and of the rights of others.

Rights of all School Personnel. In addition to other rights provided for by law, the following
rights shall be enjoyed by all school personnel:
1. The right to free expression of opinion and suggestions, and to effective channels of
communication with appropriate academic and administrative bodies of the school or institution.
2. The right to be provided with free legal service by the appropriate government office in the
case of public school personnel, and through the school authorities concerned in the case of
private school personnel, when charged in an administrative, civil and/or criminal proceedings
by parties other than the school or regulatory authorities concerned for actions committed
directly in the lawful discharge of professional duties and/or in defense of school policies.
3. The right to establish, join and maintain labor organizations and/or professional and self-
regulating organizations of their choice to promote their welfare and defend their interests.
School Administrators' Obligations. Every school administrator shall:
1. Perform his duties to the school by discharging his responsibilities in accordance with the
philosophy, goals and objectives of the school.
2. Be accountable for the efficient and effective administration and management of the school.
3. Develop and maintain a healthy school atmosphere conducive to the promotion and
preservation of academic freedom and effective teaching and learning, and to harmonious and
progressive school-personnel relationship.
4. Assume and maintain professional behavior in his work and in dealing with students, teachers,
academic non-teaching personnel, administrative staff, and parents or guardians.
5. Render adequate reports to teachers, academic non-teaching personnel and non-academic staff
on their actual performance in relation to their expected performance and counsel them on ways
of improving the same.
6. Observe due process, fairness, promptness, privacy, constructiveness and consistency in
disciplining his teachers and other personnel.
7. Maintain adequate records and submit required reports to the Ministry of Education, Culture
and Sports.
4. The right to be free from involuntary contributions except those imposed by their own
organizations.
Rights of Schools. In addition to other rights provided for by law, schools shall enjoy the
following:
1. The right of their governing boards or lawful authorities to provide for the proper governance
of the school and to adopt and enforce administrative or management systems.
2. The right for institutions of higher learning to determine on academic grounds who shall be
admitted to study, who may teach, and what shall be subjects of the study and research.

DepEd Order No. 12 & 31 as (THE NEW NORMAL)

TEACHERS. For this school year, particular focus will be given to the following:
i. Designing the assessment to allow for flexibility in multiple modalities;
ii. Communicating to learners and parents/guardians the design and standards for grading the
assessment;
iii. Setting up mechanisms to monitor and record progress remotely;
iv. Giving timely, constructive, and relevant feedback; and
v. Facilitating remediation for learners who need further guidance.
LEARNERS. Learners are expected to be proactive in updating their teacher of their situation,
progress, and challenges encountered. A non-mandatory self-monitoring tool maybe
accomplished independently or with the assistance of their parent/guardian, if necessary. It is not
required to accomplish the self-monitoring tool, but its usage is highly recommended to keep
track of learners’ academic progress.
PARENTS & GUARDIANS. DepEd aims to develop independent learners who can study and
work on the assessments on their own. However, in this school year’s implementation of distance
learning modalities, parents and guardians will play a crucial role in guiding their children in
adapting to the changes of distance learning processes.
Thus, only when necessary, parents/guardians are requested to assist in the assessment process
by:
i. communicating with the teacher to give updates on their child’s situation, progress, and
challenges encountered; and
ii. Guiding their children in accomplishing the assessment tasks and/or monitoring tools designed
by their teacher.

5. Career Guidance and its importance and benefits responsive to the demands of 21 st
century learnings including senior high school.

There are times when students are clueless about their ambition and academic interests;
Sometimes they wish to be an astronaut, a doctor, join the army or become an engineer — the list
seems endless. But this is when Career counseling plays a vital role in shaping their future, when
everything seems so doubtful and confusing.
Career counseling help the students to be more sure about their career option, interests, ability
and personality. It is really essential for students to have complete knowledge and understanding
of the available courses and their interests as it’s a matter of life. This also helps the student feel
more responsible and act as an effective part of the decision-making process.
The following are the key importance and benefits of Career Guidance to the students of 21 st
century highlighting senior high school learners:
1. Determine Strengths and Weaknesses
When you participate in career counseling, you will undoubtedly be working with a trained
expert who can give you different career assessment tests. These tests are intended to coordinate
your regular aptitudes, qualities and capacities with key components of specific careers You will
likewise have the capacity to figure out what shortcomings you may have with the goal that you
can abstain from working towards a profession that will just prompt disappointment. Having this
data early can be priceless while picking what career path to take.
2. Set objective for Greater Results
A substantial piece of the career advisor’s job is to direct you through the procedure of goal
setting in your career endeavors. The professional advisor can enable you to recognize the means
expected to achieve vital objectives en route as you investigate new alternatives or roll out
improvements in the profession you as of now have.
3. Discards confusion
With the help of career guidance, the confusion of taking up the right subject decreases and
students are able to choose their piece of interests, pick the appropriate subjects, and make the
right choice in their career. Career guidance helps the students to make better decisions and have
a clear idea about their desired studies and move forward in life. It is really important to be clear
in terms of career because once you made your decision, it will stay along with you throughout
your life.
4. Get to know the availabilities
There are times when we are unaware of many career options that are available these days;
Which is why, career guidance broadens their career options and helps students come across
many desired career opportunities like available colleges, admission eligibilities, college insights
etc.
5. Support and motivation
As you start working with a career counselor, you may encounter many careers that require
specific training or education. This process of counselling will enable you to gain the special
skillset which is required to fill in for the career of your choice. In addition to this, career
advisors always ensure to support and lift the morale of the individual by getting to know what
they desire to achieve in future and offer guidance in accordance to that.
6. Job search support
For individuals who are on the lookout for new job or opting out of a career to choose another
one, career advisors can help them in such research. They encourage and support the individuals
by providing them with interviewing services, cover letter, resume, along with advisory services.
They offer feedback tools as well as the resources that are required for the right job hunt and help
you land the best dream job ever.