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    Introduction To Embedded Systems

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    venkata satish
    1. An embedded system is an electronic system designed to perform specific tasks, containing both hardware and software. Examples include appliances, vehicles, and industrial machines. 2. Embedded systems are specialized for specific applications, using customized hardware and software, whereas general purpose computers can run various applications but are not optimized for any particular task. 3. Early embedded systems included NASA's Apollo guidance computer and Autonetics' Minuteman missile computer. Embedded systems have evolved from 8-bit to 16-bit and now 32-bit processors, and can be classified by generation, complexity, determinism, or triggering conditions.

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    Introduction To Embedded Systems

    Uploaded by

    venkata satish
    248 views2 pages
    1. An embedded system is an electronic system designed to perform specific tasks, containing both hardware and software. Examples include appliances, vehicles, and industrial machines. 2. Embedded systems are specialized for specific applications, using customized hardware and software, whereas general purpose computers can run various applications but are not optimized for any particular task. 3. Early embedded systems included NASA's Apollo guidance computer and Autonetics' Minuteman missile computer. Embedded systems have evolved from 8-bit to 16-bit and now 32-bit processors, and can be classified by generation, complexity, determinism, or triggering conditions.

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    1. An embedded system is an electronic system designed to perform specific tasks, containing both hardware and software. Examples include appliances, vehicles, and industrial machines. 2. Embedded systems are specialized for specific applications, using customized hardware and software, whereas general purpose computers can run various applications but are not optimized for any particular task. 3. Early embedded systems included NASA's Apollo guidance computer and Autonetics' Minuteman missile computer. Embedded systems have evolved from 8-bit to 16-bit and now 32-bit processors, and can be classified by generation, complexity, determinism, or triggering conditions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    248 views2 pages

    Introduction To Embedded Systems

    Uploaded by

    venkata satish
    1. An embedded system is an electronic system designed to perform specific tasks, containing both hardware and software. Examples include appliances, vehicles, and industrial machines. 2. Embedded systems are specialized for specific applications, using customized hardware and software, whereas general purpose computers can run various applications but are not optimized for any particular task. 3. Early embedded systems included NASA's Apollo guidance computer and Autonetics' Minuteman missile computer. Embedded systems have evolved from 8-bit to 16-bit and now 32-bit processors, and can be classified by generation, complexity, determinism, or triggering conditions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    1.

    Introduction to Embedded Systems


    What is Embedded System?

    An Electronic/Electro mechanical system which is designed to perform a specific function and is


    a combination of both hardware and firmware (Software)

    E.g. Electronic Toys, Mobile Handsets, Washing Machines, Air Conditioners, Automotive
    Control Units, Set Top Box, DVD Player etc…

    Embedded Systems are:


    Unique in character and behavior

    With specialized hardware and software
    Embedded Systems Vs General Computing Systems:

    General Purpose Computing System Embedded System


    A system which is a combination of generic A system which is a combination of special
    hardware and General Purpose Operating System purpose hardware and embedded OS for
    for executing a variety of applications executing a specific set of applications
    Contain a General Purpose Operating System May or may not contain an operating system
    (GPOS) for functioning
    Applications are alterable (programmable) by The firmware of the embedded system is
    user (It is possible for the end user to re-install the pre-programmed and it is non-alterable by
    Operating System, and add or remove user end-user
    applications)
    Performance is the key deciding factor on the Application specific requirements (like
    selection of the system. Always „Faster is Better‟ performance, power requirements, memory
    usage etc) are the key deciding factors
    Less/not at all tailored towards reduced operating Highly tailored to take advantage of the
    power requirements, options for different levels power saving modes supported by hardware
    of power management. and Operating System
    Response requirements are not time critical For certain category of embedded systems
    like mission critical systems, the response
    time requirement is highly critical
    Execution behavior is deterministic for
    Need not be deterministic in execution behavior certain type of embedded systems like „Hard
    Real Time‟ systems
    History of Embedded Systems:

    First Recognized Modern Embedded System: Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) developed by
    Charles Stark Draper at the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory.

    It has two modules

    1.Command module(CM) 2.Lunar Excursion


    module(LEM)
    RAM size 256 , 1K ,2K words

    ROM size 4K,10K,36K words

    Clock frequency is 1.024MHz

    5000 ,3-input RTL NOR gates are used

    User interface is DSKY(display/Keyboard)

    
    First Mass Produced Embedded System: Autonetics D-17 Guidance computer for Minuteman-I
    missile
    Classification of Embedded Systems:
    
    Based on Generation (March-2017)
    
    Based on Complexity & Performance Requirements

    
    Based on deterministic behavior

    
    Based on Triggering

    1. Embedded Systems - Classification based on


    Generation

    First Generation: The early embedded systems built


    around 8-bit microprocessors like 8085 and Z80 and 4-bit
    microcontrollers
    EX. stepper motor control units, Digital Telephone Keypads etc.

    Second Generation: Embedded Systems built around 16-bit microprocessors and 8 or


    16-bit microcontrollers, following the first generation embedded systems
    EX.SCADA, Data Acquisition Systems etc.

    Third Generation: Embedded Systems built around high performance 16/32 bit
    Microprocessors/controllers, Application Specific Instruction set processors like Digital
    Signal Processors (DSPs), and Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs).The
    instruction set is complex and powerful.
    EX. Robotics, industrial process control, networking etc.

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