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QUARTER 1 – HYBRID MODULE 1

Introductory Message
PLATE TECTONICS: Earth’s Lithosphere
For the facilitator: Week 1
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and evaluated by the
Development and Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful
learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

1
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and evaluated by the Development
and Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in helping the learners meet
the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do
the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities included in the
module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

1
 Let’s Learn

In this module, we will study thoroughly the framework that will enable us to understand how
and why several features of the Earth continuously change. This theory is what we call “Plate
Tectonics.”
This describes the events within the Earth that give rise to mountain ranges, volcanoes,
earthquake belts, and other features of the Earth’s surface.
At the end of Module 1, you are expected to answer the key question below:
What is the relationship among the locations of volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and
mountain ranges?

In this module, you should be able to:

1. describe the Earth's lithosphere and differentiate oceanic and continental crust;
2. infer that the Earth’s lithosphere is divided into plates;
3. identify the major lithospheric plates;
4. determine the scientific basis for dividing the lithospheric plates;

Let’s Try

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it in your answer sheets.
1. It is made of a variety of solid rocks like sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous.
A. mantle
B. Crust
C. Upper mantle
D. asthenosphere
2. Which of these most likely results from plate movement?
A. Sandy beaches
B. Global winds
C. Mountain ranges
D. Ocean currents
3. The youngest material of the ocean floor is found at the mid-ocean
A. Ridges
B. Basins
C. Trenches
D. rifts
4. According to the theory of plate tectonics,
A. The asthenosphere is divided into plates
B. The lithosphere is divided into plates
C. The plates are scattered
D. The plates are stagnant

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5. It is the largest tectonic plate
A. Pacific
B. North American
C. Antarctic
D. Euarasia
6.Which of the following causes Earth’s tectonic plates to move?
A. Energy of the sun
B. Convection currents in the mantle
C. Magnetic pole reversal
D. Faults in mountain ranges
7.How is it possible for new crust to be formed without increasing the surface of the Earth.
A. Crust is destroyed at the same time it is created
B. New crust breaks more easily than old crust
C. New crust is underwater where it sinks
D. New crust floats
8. The outer layer of the earth (the crust) is the
A. mantle
B. Lithosphere
C. Asthenosphere
D. crust
9. Oceanic crust is largely made of
A. Dense basalt rock
B. Dense granite rock
C. Light basalt rock
D. Light granite rock
10. Continental crust is largely made up of
A. Dense basalt rock
B. Dense granite rock
C. Light basalt rock
D. Light granite rock
11. Tectonic plates comprises of
A. The mantle
B. The outer core
C. Continental and oceanic lithosphere
D. The mesosphere
12.How far do tectonic plates move each year
A. Meters per year
B. Kilometer per year
C. Centimeters per year
D. Feet per year
13.Tectonic plate always are found along the edges (often coastlines) of continents
A. True
B. False
C. Partially true
D. Partially false
14.A theory that pieces of earth’s lithosphere are in constant motion, driven bey convection currents in
the mantle.
A. Seismic waves
B. Divergent boundary
C. Convection current
D. Plate tectonics
15.A section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying large slabs
of continents and oceanic crust
A. Wedge
B. Crust
C. Plate
D. fault

Alternatively, please answer the questions above online. Score:

Use the link below:
https://forms.gle/BJtgV9EKTWEXN9Qr7
3 the link. You will see your score
Use proper capitalization to activate
after completing the test.
 Lesson
Earth and Space: Earth’s
1 Lithosphere

Before we proceed to the main topic let us start with the preliminary activity that will unlock our primary
skills that we are going to develop in this simple but comprehensive lesson. This activity will unlock our
skills in finding the location of a certain thing or a particular area with different topographical and
lithospheric characteristic.

Let’s Recall

What’s on Earth?

E L T N A M Q S W T C O P D M C R U S
X V M I N N E R C O R E K H L N F X Q
C R U S T G Y V Q U F D B A I S H A M
E B W K S X A S H T N G P L A T E S X
A B O U N D A R Y E C T B I S A D T Y
R V A C C W A D T R S S E T A C D R A
T C E A T H R S U C A D Z H C O R E L
H D B O N E Q T S O A S T O E A R T B
Q W X D C T T E T R C A D S E A S T N
U A A R E S X D X E F V S P N O R H R
A S T H E N O S P H E R E R H S O U T S
K C A C C D E F G H F D T S E A D T D C
E V D F G H I J K L T Q R R R F R R F Q
S A T G H T Y P T T Y S R U E C R C T V

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Highlight the following words in the puzzle above.

MANTLE LITHOSPHERE

INNER CORE PLATES

OUTER CORE PLATE TECTONIC

CRUST ASTHENOSPHERE

EARTHQUAKE BOUNDARY

Let’s Explore
Part I
Directions: There are two types of tectonic plates involve in the previous activities, oceanic
and continental plates. Differentiate these two using Venn Diagram. Use the given choices in
the box below for your answer.

Characteristics Characteristics of
of Oceanic Plate Continental Plate

*Dense *Made of Mostly Basalt *30-50 Km thick *Moving * 5-10 Km thick

*Less Dense *Made of Mostly Granite * Younger *Older

*Types of Crust *Solid *Made of Rock *Part of Lithosphere

Part II.

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A Plate Tectonic Puzzle
Objectives
Students will:
1. use logic and the evidence to reconstruct the position of large islands and continents
as they appeared 220 million years ago.
2. understand the theory of continental movement and plate tectonics.
3. describe how scientists use different kinds of evidence to form theories.

Solve the puzzle to discover what the Earth looked like 220 million years ago.
1. What’s the code? Use the legend to identify the symbols on each island or continent.
2. Puzzle me this. Look at the shapes of continents and islands. What landmasses seem
to fit together?
3. Let’s rock! Examine the evidence and try to match up landmass boundaries that show
similar rock strata, fossilized desert belts, and dinosaur fossils.
4. Hold that Pose. Look over the arrangement of the continents and islands and decide if
the position of any of them should change. When you are satisfied with your map of
Pangaea, tape or glue it down on the world map.

Guide Questions:
1. Seems landmasses fit together? Why is it so?
2. Is there an evidence that all continents are belong to one land mass only? Prove it
base from what you have learned from the previous lesson we have.
3. Finally, what are the scientific basis of lithospheric plate are moving

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 Let’s Elaborate

What is Plate Tectonics?

Earth’s lithosphere consists of layers, the crust and the upper part of the mantle. This part of
the module will focus on the outermost layer which is called crust.

The crust is made of a variety of solid rocks like sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. It has
an average density of 2.8 g/cm3 and its thickness ranges from 5 to 50 km. The crust is thickest in a part
where a relatively young mountain is present and thinnest along the ocean floor.

Continental crust
Oceanic crust

Mantle
Source: Science 10 Learner’s Material Unit 1 page 6
Figure 1. Kinds of crust

You will notice from Figure 1 that there are two kinds of crust: the thicker but less dense
continental crust and the oceanic crust which is relatively thinner but denser than continental
crust.

The lithospheric plates either (Oceanic Crust or Continental Crust) "float" on the
asthenosphere (is the outer most part of the mantle) and move about the Earth's surface.
Some plates carry whole continents with them.
The theory that describes these plates and their movement is called plate tectonics.
How do lithospheric plates move?

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 http://pubs.usgs.gov
Figure 2. Map of Plate boundaries

As shown in Figure 2, there are seven relatively large plates and a number of smaller
ones, including the Philippine plate. The plates move very slowly but constantly, and this
movement is called tectonics; thus, the theory of moving lithospheric plates is called plate
tectonics.

The Earth’s crust is not a solid shell. It is made up of thick, interconnecting pieces called
tectonic plates that fit together like a puzzle. They move atop the underlying mantle, a really
thick layer of hot flowing rock.
By examining evidence such as similar rock layers in various places, fossilized desert
belts, the distribution of fossils, and the physical shapes of continents, scientists have
concluded that the Earth’s continents were once all connected to form a “supercontinent”
called Pangaea that was surrounded by an enormous ocean. In this activity, students will use
the different kinds of evidence to reconstruct how the Earth may have looked approximately
220 million years ago.
Did You Know?
• Tectonic plates are made of both continental and oceanic crust. The land that we
see is the continental crust, about 30 kilometers (19 mi) thick. Under the sea, the
heavier oceanic crust is much thinner, about 8 to 10 kilometers (5 to 6 mi) thick.
• Plates move about 8 centimeters (3 in) per year. That’s about as fast as a fingernail
grows in a year!
• The tallest mountains in the world are still growing. About 60 million years ago,
the Himalayan Mountains formed when the Indian Plate crashed into the

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 Eurasian Plate. Today the two plates are still colliding and the Himalayas
continue to rise.
• Los Angeles sits on the Pacific Plate that is moving northwest and San Francisco sits
on the North American Plate that is moving southeast. Moving towards each other at
the rate of 5 centimeters (2 in) a year, someday these two cities may be neighbors!

Let’s Remember

Characterize tectonic plates by completing the statements below that will answer the following
questions: What might be some ways tectonic plates move? What do you think happens when
tectonic plates move?

Tectonic plates are…

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

I think that this is what happens when tectonic plates move…

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Let’s Apply

You just learned how plates are distributed and where the rocks are old and young. At this
point, try to explain which area do you prefer to live: beside the mountainous area or on the top of the
mountainous area. Support your answer.

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 Let’s Extend

In a separate answer sheet, illustrate how the continents will appear in the next 250 million
years. Provide an explanation for your illustration.

Description:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Let’s Evaluate

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it in your answer sheets.

1.The lithospheric plates are of two types. Which is the thickest type?

A. oceanic plate
B. continental plate
C. convergent plate
D. divergent plate
2. In which layer of the earth is the lithosphere located?
A. lowermost part of the mantle and crust
B. in the inner core
C. at the outer core
D. uppermost part of the mantle and crust
3. The plates move slowly but, constantly and this movement is called tectonics and is therefore
explained by this specific theory
A. big bang theory
B. origin of the universe

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 C. theory of timeline
D. plate tectonic theory
4. We know about the different existing continents. Scientists/experts concluded that it is from a big
land mass called
A. Laurasia
B. Gondwana
C. Pantalasia
D. Pangaea
5. It seems that the crust and the upper layer of the mantle moves together and form plates on Earth
on what particular layer?
A. crust
B. mantle
C. lithosphere
D. core
6.These were formed when the Indian Plate crushed into the Eurasian Plate
A. Himalayan Mountains
B. Sierra Madre
C. Mayon Volcano
D. Mount Fuji
7. The crust is thickest in a part where a relatively young mountain is present and thinnest along the
ocean floor.
A. true
B. false
C. Partially true
D. Partially false
8. Which is the thicker but less dense crust?
A. Oceanic crust
B. Continental crust
C. Asthenosphere
D. mantle
9. It is found under the sea, heavier and much thinner and about 8 to 10 kilometers (5 to 6 mi) thick.
A. Oceanic crust
B. Continental crust
C. Asthenosphere
D. mantle
10. Approximately how many lithospheric plates are there?
A. about 3
B. about 6
C. about 12
D. about 24
11. The thin, fragile and rigid lithosphere and is broken up into 12 main plates. These plates move very
slowly by how many inches each year?
A. 3 inches per year
B. 6 inches per year
C. 8 inches per year
D. 10 inches per year
12. The plates move away slowly but constantly, and this movement is called
A. Plate tectonics
B. Tectonics
C. Drifting
D. collision
13. The earth’s continents were once all connected to form a “supercontinent” referred to as
A. Laurasia
B. Gondwana

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 C. Pangaea
D. Eurasia
14. The lithospheric plates either (Oceanic Crust or Continental Crust) "float" on the asthenosphere and
move about on which specific part of the Earth?
A. mantle
B. asthenosphere
C. core
D. surface

15. How are oceanic crust being formed?

A. by freezing of the mantle
B. by partial melting of the mantle at mid-ocean ridges.
C. by movement of plates
D. by destroying the crust

Alternatively, please answer the questions above online. Score:

Use the link below:
https://forms.gle/DG2uPVUPQnQuX3xEA
Use proper capitalization to activate the link. You will see your score
after completing the test.

12
References
Printed Materials:
Science Learner’s Material 10, Department of Education, Unit 1, Module 1, pp.6-13.
Electronic Sources:
http://earthquake.usgs.gov Accessed July 6, 2020
https://www.travel-tramp.com/is-mindanao-safe-to-travel-to/ Accessed June 26, 2020
http://www.earthobservatory.sg/resources/images-graphics/subduction-zone-
beneathphilippines Accessed June 26, 2020
http://www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu/ Accessed June 12, 2020
https://conference.iste.org/uploads/ISTE2016/HANDOUTS/KEY_100536516/AudioVi
deoPresentation.pdf/ Accessed June 12, 2020
https://www.ck12.org/earth-science/seismic-waves/lesson/Seismic-Waves-from-
Earthquakes-MS-ES/?referrer=concept_details Accessed July 5, 2020
https://www.google.com/search?q=1.+Describe+the+Earth%27s+lithosphere
Accessed July 5, 2020
https://www.wsfcs.k12.nc.us/cms/lib/NC01001395/Centricity/Domain/7110/Seismic%
20Waves%20and%20Earths%20Interior%20PPT.pdf Accessed July 14, 2020
http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/visualgeology/geology101/Geology100Exams/Tectonics.pdf
Accessed June 24, 2020
https://sharemylesson.com/system/files/lesson_material/SITEUSER/2013/1/19/784
Accessed June 24, 2020
https://sharemylesson.com/system/files/lesson_material/2018/8/19/Earthquake%20T
riangulation%20Lab.pdf Accessed June 4, 2020
https://www.teachengineering.org/content/cub_/lessons/cub_seismicw/Attachments/
Accessed June 4, 2020
https://sharemylesson.com/system/files/lesson_material/SITEUSER/2009/12/24/di
Accessed June 2, 2020
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/195414071311987025/?fbclid=IwAR3inwcdii2y6YBeKrz
DhBTzibkRenqOO1bBETKdDFgUdj40UCeHc54xw5k Accessed July 4, 2020
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/fig34.html Accessed June 12, 2020
https://www.Answers.com/Q/How_are_active_volcanoes_earthquake_epicenters_an
d_major_mountain_belts_are_distributed
https://sharemylesson.com/system/files/lesson_material/SITEUSER/2014/4/3/9d5e1
8fd10884295857484dd30144f5c.pdf Accessed June 24, 2020
https://sharemylesson.com/system/files/lesson_material/SITEUSER/2012/8/17/3239
7984711a4a8b87ac59a320deaf53.pdf Accessed June 9, 2020
https://sharemylesson.com/system/files/lesson_material/SITEUSER/2013/9/27/3cf
Accessed June 3, 2020
https://sharemylesson.com/system/files/lesson_material/SITEUSER/2012/8/17/3239
Accessed June 2, 2020https://www.tes.com/lessons/ZyG7zPZmww-o6w/tectonic-
plateshttp://www.clipart.dk.co.uk/1068/az/Earth/Mountain_ranges
https://sharemylesson.com/teaching-resource/plate-tectonics-192666
 Development Team of the Module
Writer: Avelyn R. Argente – BNHS- Master Teacher I
Editor: Eunice V. Correa – UBNHS- Master Teacher
Reviewers: Leynette Pearl A. De Leon – BNHS -Teacher I
Mary Cris A. Caguing – WBNHS- Master Teacher I
Josielyn V. Auman – BNHS - Teacher I
Maria Concepcion A. Villarosa – PNHS - Master Teacher II
Illustrator: Jayson F. Antones – GRPMHS Main/Annex – Teacher I
Layout Artist: Victor G. Taleon -SVNHS- Teacher I
HYBRID MODULE TEAM VALIDATORS:
JHS Team Leader/Facilitator: DR. MELEDA H. POLITA, SDS (Ret.)
School Head In-Charge: DR. REA MILANA-CRUZ, Principal IV
Content Validator/Editor: JAYAR E. LONGASA, MT – I-WBNHS
Management Team:
DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM - Schools Division Superintendent
DR. GEORGE P. TIZON -SGOD - Chief
DR. ELLERY G. QUINTIA -CID - Chief
DR. MARIVIC T. ALMO - Education Program Supervisor- Science
DR. DAISY L. MATAAC - Education Program Supervisor- LRMS/ALS

For inquiries, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig city and Pateros Upper Bicutan Taguig City

Telefax: 8384251

Email Address: [email protected]