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    5 Two Effects Theory and Indirect Voluntariness

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    Janara Monique Marcial
    The document discusses the concept of indirect voluntariness and two effects theory in relation to legal responsibility for consequences of actions. It provides an example to illustrate two effects theory. The example involves a girl pushing her abusive boyfriend away to prevent him from uploading their sex tape without consent. This caused the boyfriend to fall and get injured. The document analyzes this based on the conditions for a morally permissible two effects act: 1) the act itself must be morally neutral or good, 2) the bad effect is not directly intended but allowed to happen, 3) there is a sufficiently grave reason for the act, and 4) the good effect does not outweigh the bad effect. It determines the girl's action meets these conditions and is

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    5 Two Effects Theory and Indirect Voluntariness

    Uploaded by

    Janara Monique Marcial
    656 views3 pages
    The document discusses the concept of indirect voluntariness and two effects theory in relation to legal responsibility for consequences of actions. It provides an example to illustrate two effects theory. The example involves a girl pushing her abusive boyfriend away to prevent him from uploading their sex tape without consent. This caused the boyfriend to fall and get injured. The document analyzes this based on the conditions for a morally permissible two effects act: 1) the act itself must be morally neutral or good, 2) the bad effect is not directly intended but allowed to happen, 3) there is a sufficiently grave reason for the act, and 4) the good effect does not outweigh the bad effect. It determines the girl's action meets these conditions and is

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    Two Effects Theory and Indirect Voluntariness

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    The document discusses the concept of indirect voluntariness and two effects theory in relation to legal responsibility for consequences of actions. It provides an example to illustrate two effects theory. The example involves a girl pushing her abusive boyfriend away to prevent him from uploading their sex tape without consent. This caused the boyfriend to fall and get injured. The document analyzes this based on the conditions for a morally permissible two effects act: 1) the act itself must be morally neutral or good, 2) the bad effect is not directly intended but allowed to happen, 3) there is a sufficiently grave reason for the act, and 4) the good effect does not outweigh the bad effect. It determines the girl's action meets these conditions and is

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    656 views3 pages

    5 Two Effects Theory and Indirect Voluntariness

    Uploaded by

    Janara Monique Marcial
    The document discusses the concept of indirect voluntariness and two effects theory in relation to legal responsibility for consequences of actions. It provides an example to illustrate two effects theory. The example involves a girl pushing her abusive boyfriend away to prevent him from uploading their sex tape without consent. This caused the boyfriend to fall and get injured. The document analyzes this based on the conditions for a morally permissible two effects act: 1) the act itself must be morally neutral or good, 2) the bad effect is not directly intended but allowed to happen, 3) there is a sufficiently grave reason for the act, and 4) the good effect does not outweigh the bad effect. It determines the girl's action meets these conditions and is

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Name: Janara Monique T.

    Marcial Date: September 14, 2021


    Course: ABPSYCH3A

    TWO EFFECTS THEORY AND INDIRECT VOLUNTARINESS


    Question: In the light of the same concept of indirect voluntariness, why our law
    holds one responsibility for consequences of one’s action?

    In our previous lesson, indirect voluntariness is defined as an action that was not intended for its own sake
    but follows a regrettable consequence of an action that is directly willed. It is also mentioned that an
    indirect voluntary action is still considered voluntary. Now, why does our law still hold people
    responsible for consequences they did not plan to commit? Because when a person does an act, the person
    is also completely aware of its consequences. Since the person is conscious of it, he or she indirectly
    willed the effect, although it is regrettable. Therefore, even if the action is unintended, the person is liable
    for them.

    Furthermore, the intention is irrelevant. If a person can foresee the effects of his action then the person is
    morally responsible for it. But some legal law, considers intention of the person in identifying the level of
    tenacity of the action. In the Philippines, an individual can be held responsible for actions he or she did
    not mean to do. However, it is modified according to the given circumstances, resulting to a lesser
    punishment or penalties (e.g., monetary sanction and community service).

    Question: Give an example of an act having two effects. Explain your answer.

    A girl was threatened by her boyfriend to spread their sex tape if she did not do as her boyfriend
    wanted. As the girl was trying to get the phone, it slipped from her boyfriend's hand. The girl
    pushed her boyfriend away so that he could not get the phone and upload the video to the public.
    Suddenly, the boyfriend lost his balance and hit his head on the fence, which caused injury. It
    was later on found that even before the incident happen, the boyfriend constantly abuses his
    girlfriend.
    In this situation, two effects are evident because the action has both good (right of privacy) and
    bad effect (injury of the boyfriend). To be morally permissible, the act must follow certain
    conditions:

    Condition 1: The act must be morally good, or at least morally indifferent.


    In this case, the action is neutral (morally indifferent) for the reason that both good and bad
    effect to the persons involved.

    Condition 2: The evil effect should not be directly intended, but morally allowed to happen
    as a regrettable side issue.
    The evil effect (injury of boyfriend) is not directly intended. It only occurs because the girl wants
    to prevent him from posting their video without her consent (privacy and self-defense issue).
    Condition 3: There should be a reason sufficiently grave in doing the act.
    The girl has a sufficient reason for doing the action, which is for self-protection (privacy). Even
    if the girl consents the recording of intimate video, that does not mean that girl is consenting to
    the broadcast or publication of such video.

    Condition 4: The evil effect should not outweigh the good effect.
    The girl has a civil right to be safe and free from any abuses, therefore it should be exercised. It
    is mentioned that before the case, the boyfriend had already physically abused his girlfriend
    several times. The fact that he abused and threatened his girlfriend is greater than the injury
    happened to him.

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