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    Chapter 5: Surface Area To Volume Ratios in Nanoscience: Table of

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    aman
    1. The document discusses how surface area to volume ratio increases dramatically as particles get smaller at the nanoscale. This leads to increased chemical reactivity as smaller particles have more surface area and reaction sites for the same volume. 2. It provides an example of how gold nanoparticles are much more reactive than macroscale gold due to their higher surface area to volume ratio. 3. The document also explains how nature takes advantage of surface area to volume ratios, such as through folds in the small intestine that increase absorption rates by boosting surface area for digestion.

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    Chapter 5: Surface Area To Volume Ratios in Nanoscience: Table of

    Uploaded by

    aman
    163 views3 pages
    1. The document discusses how surface area to volume ratio increases dramatically as particles get smaller at the nanoscale. This leads to increased chemical reactivity as smaller particles have more surface area and reaction sites for the same volume. 2. It provides an example of how gold nanoparticles are much more reactive than macroscale gold due to their higher surface area to volume ratio. 3. The document also explains how nature takes advantage of surface area to volume ratios, such as through folds in the small intestine that increase absorption rates by boosting surface area for digestion.

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    Surface Area to Vol Ratio in Nanoscience

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    1. The document discusses how surface area to volume ratio increases dramatically as particles get smaller at the nanoscale. This leads to increased chemical reactivity as smaller particles have more surface area and reaction sites for the same volume. 2. It provides an example of how gold nanoparticles are much more reactive than macroscale gold due to their higher surface area to volume ratio. 3. The document also explains how nature takes advantage of surface area to volume ratios, such as through folds in the small intestine that increase absorption rates by boosting surface area for digestion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    163 views3 pages

    Chapter 5: Surface Area To Volume Ratios in Nanoscience: Table of

    Uploaded by

    aman
    1. The document discusses how surface area to volume ratio increases dramatically as particles get smaller at the nanoscale. This leads to increased chemical reactivity as smaller particles have more surface area and reaction sites for the same volume. 2. It provides an example of how gold nanoparticles are much more reactive than macroscale gold due to their higher surface area to volume ratio. 3. The document also explains how nature takes advantage of surface area to volume ratios, such as through folds in the small intestine that increase absorption rates by boosting surface area for digestion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

     

    1    CHAPTER 5 – SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIOS 

         

    TABLE OF 
    CONTENTS  CHAPTER 5: SURFACE 
    Introduction 
    AREA TO VOLUME RATIOS 
    SA/V  Goals 

    Optional Review:  
    IN NANOSCIENCE 
    Surface Area, Volume, 
    and Ratio Calculations 

    Advanced Extension: 
    Comparing Surface Area 
    to Volume as Radius 
    Changes 

    SA/V demonstrations 

    Reading ‐ Reaction Rates 

    Computer Simulation 

    Roughness Reading and 
    Physical vs. Chemical 
    Reactions Reading 

    Roughness in Fractals 
    and Nature 

    Mentos and Coke 
    Experiment 

    Applications 

    Evaluation/Assessment 

     
     
    SA/V Diagram 

    INTRODUCTION  

    T  he main focus of this chapter is the interesting change in 
    properties of materials due to increased surface area to volume 
    ratio. Reactions take place at the surface of a chemical or 
    material; the greater the surface for the same volume, the greater 
    the reactivity. The link to nanotechnology is that as particles get 
    smaller; their surface area to volume ratio increases dramatically. 
    Imagine a cube of sugar, reacting with water as the water 
    dissolves the outside of the sugar. Now imagine the same cube of 
    2      CHAPTER 5 – SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIOS
             

    sugar cut into many little pieces. Each cut makes new outer surfaces for the water to 
    dissolve. For smaller particles of sugar, the same volume of sugar now has much more 
    surface area. A particle with a high surface area has a greater number of reaction sites 
    than a particle with low surface area, and thus, results in higher chemical reactivity.  

    Nanoparticles are special and interesting because their chemical and physical properties 
    are different from their macro counterparts. The sugar example is interesting if you 
    want to make tea sweet faster (use granules instead of cubes), but serves little real 
    application. One prime example of surface area to volume ratio at the nanoscale is gold 
    as a nanoparticle. At the macroscale, gold is an inert element, meaning it does not react 
    with many chemicals, whereas at the nanoscale, gold nanoparticles become extremely 
    reactive and can be used as catalysts to speed up reactions.   

    This increased reactivity for surface area to volume ratio is widely taken advantage of in 
    nature, one biological example being the body’s digestive system. Within the small 
    intestine, there are millions of folds and subfolds that increase the surface area of the 
    inner lining of the digestive tract. These folds allow more nutrients and chemicals to be 
    absorbed at the same time, greatly increasing our body’s efficiency and the rate at 
    which we digest food. 

    The main goal in the surface area to volume ratio chapter is to engage students in a 
    variety of activities to teach this surface area to volume ratio concept. Each type of 
    activity has a different purpose whether to teach, analyze, or review surface area to 
    volume ratio. After teaching the basics of the concept, students will analyze and apply 
    these basics to invoke critical thinking. Review of the material helps them retain and use 
    the information for future courses.  

    These activities use common day materials and examples that the students should be 
    familiar with. The ideas gained from these commonplace examples should be applied to 
    other applications to develop the student’s understanding about nanotechnology.  

     
    CHAPTER 5 – SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIOS  3     

       

     
    SA/V GOALS  
    By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: 

    RECALL BASIC CONCEPTS OF SURFACE AREA, VOLUME AND RATIOS 

    Correctly calculate the surface area, volume, and SA/V of an object with given 
    dimensions. 

    Recognize that SA/V is not a constant value. 

    Recognize that the shape changing acts of “flattening” and “drawing out” increase the 
    SA/V of an object. 

    Recognize that as an object of a particular shape gets smaller (lower volume) without 
    changing shape, the SA/V increases. 

    UNDERSTAND THE RELATION OF SA/V RATIO TO CHEMICAL REACTIVITY 

    As particles get smaller, their surface area to volume ratio gets larger.  With more 
    surface area for the same volume, these small particles react much faster because more 
    surface area provides more reaction sites for the same volume, leading to more 
    chemical reactivity.  Students will come to learn several factors which dictate surface 
    area, such as roughness of the surface and the size of the object.  

    RELATE ROUGHNESS TO A HIGHER SA/V RATIO AND HOW NATURE USES THIS 
    One important application of SA/V ratio is roughness, as surfaces that are significantly 
    rougher at the microscale and nanoscale have more surface area while taking up the 
    same approximate volume. Students will also learn about how nature takes advantage 
    of this SA/V ratio increase in natural phenomena such as the small intestine, lungs, and 
    root hairs, in order to operate efficiently. 

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