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    Impedance Spectros

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    Fabio Alejandro Gomez Gomez
    Impedance spectroscopy involves applying a sinusoidally varying voltage to probe multiple electrical properties of materials. It measures the impedance response of a system to an applied voltage over a range of frequencies. By constructing an equivalent circuit model for the system, the resistance and capacitance values of individual circuit elements can be determined from the impedance. Impedance spectroscopy is commonly used in electrochemical applications to characterize interfaces and determine properties like corrosion rates and material diffusion coefficients.

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    Impedance Spectros

    Uploaded by

    Fabio Alejandro Gomez Gomez
    301 views10 pages
    Impedance spectroscopy involves applying a sinusoidally varying voltage to probe multiple electrical properties of materials. It measures the impedance response of a system to an applied voltage over a range of frequencies. By constructing an equivalent circuit model for the system, the resistance and capacitance values of individual circuit elements can be determined from the impedance. Impedance spectroscopy is commonly used in electrochemical applications to characterize interfaces and determine properties like corrosion rates and material diffusion coefficients.

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    Impedance spectroscopy involves applying a sinusoidally varying voltage to probe multiple electrical properties of materials. It measures the impedance response of a system to an applied voltage over a range of frequencies. By constructing an equivalent circuit model for the system, the resistance and capacitance values of individual circuit elements can be determined from the impedance. Impedance spectroscopy is commonly used in electrochemical applications to characterize interfaces and determine properties like corrosion rates and material diffusion coefficients.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    301 views10 pages

    Impedance Spectros

    Uploaded by

    Fabio Alejandro Gomez Gomez
    Impedance spectroscopy involves applying a sinusoidally varying voltage to probe multiple electrical properties of materials. It measures the impedance response of a system to an applied voltage over a range of frequencies. By constructing an equivalent circuit model for the system, the resistance and capacitance values of individual circuit elements can be determined from the impedance. Impedance spectroscopy is commonly used in electrochemical applications to characterize interfaces and determine properties like corrosion rates and material diffusion coefficients.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Impedance Spectroscopy

    (Or, how a sinusoidally varying voltage is used


    to probe multiple electrical properties of materials)

    Yun-Ju (Alex) Lee


    June 13, 2002

    Introduction
    IS measures the resistance of a circuit to an applied voltage
    Z(t) = E(t)/I(t), Z()=E()/I()
    When E is applied as a sinusoidal function in a linear system, I
    response can be represented by a sum of sinusoidal fuctions with
    phase shifts.
    If an equivalent circuit for the system being probed can be
    constructed, then the resistance or capacitance values for each
    circuit element can be backed out from Z.

    Especially in electrochemical impendance


    spectroscopy (EIS), the the voltage probe
    signal is small (1-10mV) so the current
    response is pseudolinear (side benefit: it
    doesnt perturb the sample very much)

    A Bard and L Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications (2000)


    http://www.gamry.com/G2/Appnotes/Reference/eistheory/theory/EIS_Theory.htm

    Background Impedance and Circuit Elements


    E(t) = E0cos(t), =2f
    I(t) = I0 cos(t-)

    E/I response for a resistor (=0)

    Or, if one writes in complex notation:


    E(t) = E0 exp(it)
    I(t) = I0 exp(it - i)
    Z(t) = Z0 exp(i) = Z0 (cos + isin )

    E/I response for a capacitor (=-90)

    E/I response for an inductor (=90)

    http://www.gamry.com/G2/Appnotes/Reference/eistheory/theory/EIS_Theory.htm
    http://www.bath.ac.uk/~chsacf/solartron/circp/html/acrci.htm

    =-j Xc

    = j Xl

    For more complex circuits, use Kirchoffs rules

    http://www.bath.ac.uk/~chsacf/solartron/circp/html/acrci.htm

    Plotting Impedance
    = 1/ = 1/RC

    A Cole-Cole (or Nyquist) plot of the real and imaginary components of Z


    for a circuit containing a capacitor and resistor in parallel (real world
    example: a charged layer at an interface).

    Named after KS Cole and RH Cole, J Chem Phys 9, 341 (1941)

    Plotting Impedance

    A Bode plot of a circuit containing a capacitor and resistor in parallel.


    log |Z| and vs. log are plotted, showing explicitly the impact of
    impedance.

    http://www.gamry.com/G2/Appnotes/Reference/eistheory/theory/EIS_Theory.htm

    Circuit Elements from Electrochemistry


    1. Electrolyte resistance
    R = l / A

    l
    A

    WE, RE, CE
    2. Double layer capacitance (~30F/cm for aqueous systems)
    3. Polarization resistance
    4. Charge transfer resistance
    2

    5. Coating capacitance
    6. Constant phase element (a fudge factor)
    7. Virtual inductor (adsorption?)
    And

    http://www.gamry.com/G2/Appnotes/Reference/eistheory/theory/EIS_Theory.htm

    Diffusion (aka Warburg Impedance)


    Warburg impedance = diffusion of chemical species to a large
    planar electrode
    Infinite diffusion layer thickness

    Diffusion layer thickness

    Also, in the Warburg region, = 45


    http://www.consultrsr.com/resources/eis/diffusion.htm

    Equivalent Circuit Model for Electrochemical Cells


    Mixed Kinetic + Diffusion model

    Cole-Cole plot

    Bode plot
    http://www.gamry.com/G2/Appnotes/Reference/eistheory/theory/EIS_Theory.htm

    Some Applications of IS
    Determine corrosion rates of materials*
    Measure capacitance and resistance of SAMs to ascertain
    thickness and packing quality
    Probe linearity of electrical/electrochemical reactions
    Characterize electrical activity across interfaces to determine
    carrier concentration, etc.
    Determine diffusion rate of counter ions in conducting
    polymer/carbon nanotube composites

    ASL Castela et al., Prog Org Coat 38, 1-7 (2000)


    S Flink et al., Adv Mater 12, 1315-1327 (2000)
    K Krischer et al., Angew Chem Int Ed 40, 850-869 (2001)
    GZChen et al., Adv Mater 12, 522 (2000)

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