Service Manual: G424 Gasoline/LP Engine G424 LP Engine (Low Emission Version)

SB2215E01
Oct.2001
Service Manual
G424 Gasoline/LP Engine
G424 LP Engine (Low Emission Version)
G20E-3, G25E-3, G30E-3

GC20E-3, GC25E-3, GC30E-3
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Important Safety Information
Most accidents involving product operation, maintenance and repair are caused by failure to observe basic safety
rules or precautions. An accident can often be avoided by recognizing potentially hazardous situations before an
accident occurs. A person must be alert to potential hazards. This person should also have the necessary
training, skills and tools to perform these functions properly.
Read and understand all safety precautions and warnings before operating or performing lubrication,
maintenance and repair on this product.
Basic safety precautions are listed in the “Safety” section of the Service or Technical Manual. Additional safety
precautions are listed in the “Safety” section of the owner/operation/maintenance publication.
Specific safety warnings for all these publications are provided in the description of operations where hazards
exist. WARNING labels have also been put on the product to provide instructions and to identify specific hazards.
If these hazard warnings are not heeded, bodily injury or death could occur to you or other persons. Warnings in
this publication and on the product labels are identified by the following symbol.
WARNING
Improper operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair of this product can be dangerous and could result
in injury or death.
Do not operate or perform any lubrication, maintenance or repair on this product, until you have read and
understood the operation, lubrication, maintenance and repair information.
Operations that may cause product damage are identified by NOTICE labels on the product and in this
publication.
DAEWOO cannot anticipate every possible circumstance that might involve a potential hazard. The warnings in
this publication and on the product are therefore not all inclusive. If a tool, procedure, work method or operating
technique not specifically recommended by DAEWOO is used, you must satisfy yourself that it is safe for you and
others. You should also ensure that the product will not be damaged or made unsafe by the operation, lubrication,
maintenance or repair procedures you choose.
The information, specifications, and illustrations in this publication are on the basis of information available at the
time it was written. The specifications, torques, pressures, measurements, adjustments, illustrations, and other
items can change at any time. These changes can affect the service given to the product. Obtain the complete
and most current information before starting any job. DAEWOO dealers have the most current information
available.

Index
GENERAL INFORMATION .......................................4 Alternator ............................................................47

How to Read This Manual ....................................4
Precaution Before Service ....................................6 IGNITION SYSTEM .................................................50
General .................................................................8 Breakerless Ignition System ...............................50
Tightening Torque .................................................9 Distributor............................................................51
Sealant ................................................................12 Removal and Installation ....................................54
Distributor, disassembly and reassembly ...........56
SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................13
General Specification ..........................................13 GASOLINE FUEL SYSTEM ....................................58
Service Specification ..........................................14 General Description ............................................58
Geasoline Carburetor, Operation........................59
MAINTENANCE ......................................................17 Removal and Installation ....................................64
Test Fuel System for Leaks ................................17 Gasoline Carburetor
Check Engine Oil Level ......................................17 Disassembly and Reassembly............................66
Inspect Engine for Fluid Leaks ...........................17
Change Engine Oil and Filter .............................17 LPG FUEL SYSTEM ...............................................73
Inspect Accessory Drive Belts ............................18 General Description ............................................73
Inspect Electrical System....................................18 Electric Fuelock Model ..................................73
Inspect Vacuum lines and fitting .........................18 Converter .......................................................74
Check Coolant Level...........................................18 Fuel Tank .......................................................75
Inspect Coolant Hoses........................................18 LP Relief Valve ..............................................75
Inspect Ignition System.......................................18 Carburetor .....................................................76
Replace Spark Plug ............................................18 Tests or Adjustments...........................................77
Replace LP fuel filter element.............................19 Carburetor Adjustment ..................................77
Test Fuelock (electric) .........................................19 Fuel System Leak Check ..............................79
Replace Gasoline Fuel filter ...............................20 Recommendation for LP Fuel System ..........80
Inspect Gasoline Carburetor ...............................20 LP Converter - Check, Clean ........................81
Inspect Pressure Regulator/Vaporizer ................20 Disassembly and Assembly ................................82
Inspect LP Mixer (Standard LP Truck)................20 LPG Carburetor .............................................82
Inspect Variable Venturi Air/Fuel Mxer LP Gas Fuelock.............................................84
(Low Emission LP Truck) ....................................20 LP Gas Converter..........................................85
Inspect Complete Exhaust System for
Leaks,damage ....................................................20 LPG FUEL SYSTEM (LOW EMISSION VERSION)..87
Engine Control Unit (ECU) and others General Description ............................................87
(Low Emission LP Truck) ....................................20 LP Carburetor ................................................89
Maintenance Schedule .......................................21 Vacuum switch (MAP) ...................................90
Vacuum switch ..............................................90
ENGINE SYSTEM ...................................................22 LP Converter .................................................91
Engine Overview .................................................22 Fuel Control Valve .........................................92
Timing System ....................................................25 Fuelock Valve ................................................92
Silent Shaft Mechanism ......................................26 Engine Control Unit (ECU) ............................93
Auto Lash Adjuster..............................................27 Oxygen Sensor..............................................94
Intake and Exhaust System ................................28 Catalytic Muffler.............................................95
Electrical System ................................................30 Tests or Adjustments...........................................96
LP Carburetor - Check, Clean.......................97
STARTING SYSTEM ...............................................32 LP Converter-Check,Clean ...........................97
General Description ............................................32 Inspection of Fuelock Valve ..........................97
Start Relay Test ..................................................35 Inspection of Fuel Control Valve ...................97
Start Motor ..........................................................36 Inspection of Vacuum switch.........................97
Operation .......................................................36 Inspection of Vacuum switch (MAP)..............97
Removal and Installation ...............................39 Inspection of Oxygen sensor.........................98
Disassembly and Reassembly ......................42 Disassembly and Assembly ................................99
LPG Carburetor .............................................99
CHARGING SYSTEM..............................................47
LP Gas Converter........................................101
General Description ............................................47
G424 Service Manual 2 Index

DUAL FUEL SYSTEM ...........................................102 General ..................................................187
Engine ....................................................189
GOVERNING SYSTEM .........................................103 Carburetor ..............................................190
General Description ..........................................103 Electrical Components ...........................192
Governor,Disassembly and Reassembly ..........104
SPECIAL TOOLS ..................................................195
LUBRICATION SYSTEM .......................................106
General Description ..........................................106
Testing and Adjusting ........................................107
Engine Oil...............................................107
Lubrication System Problem ..................107
Oil Pressure Check ................................109
COOLING SYSTEM ...............................................110

General Description ..........................................110
Testing and Adjusting ........................................111
Cooling System Visual Inspection ...............111
Cooling System Tests ..................................111
Thermostat...................................................113
Cooling system Heat Problem .....................114
Cooling System Recommendation ..............114
Belt Adjustment............................................116
V-belt Diagnosis...........................................116
Serivce Procedure ............................................117
Draining and Filling Cooling System ...........117
Flushing the Cooling System.......................118
Radiator Service ..........................................118
Removal & Install Water Temperature Sender ..119
BASE ENGINE SERVICE PROCEDURE .............120

Timing Belt ........................................................120
Intake Manifold .................................................129
Exhaust Manifold and Water Pump ..................130
Rocker Arms and Camshaft ..............................133
Cylinder Head and Valves ................................139
Front Case and Oil Pan ....................................145
Piston and Connecting Rod ..............................154
Crankshaft and Cylinder Block .........................162
ADJUSTMENT AND TROUBLESHOOTING ........169

Adjustment ........................................................169
Valve Clearnce Adjustment .........................169
Ignition Timing Adjustment ..........................169
Idle Speed Adjustment ................................171
Air Governor Adjustment .............................171
Anti-Hunting Adjustment ..............................171
Troubleshooting ................................................172
Engine Performance....................................172
Engine Starting Problems ...........................172
Charging System Problems ........................173
Instrument Problems ...................................173
Engine Noise ...............................................174
Oil Pressure Diagnostics .............................176
Oil Pressure Problems ................................177
Water in Engine ...........................................178
Engine Overheting.......................................179
LP Fuel System
(Standard and/or Low Emission Version)....180
Troubleshooting Flow Chart ........................187
G424 Service Manual 3 Index

GENERAL INFORMATION
How To Read This Manual
Scope of Explanation
This book describes the service procedures for the engine removed from the vehicle.
For procedures concerning removal of the engine from the vehicle and on-vehicle inspection and servicing, refer
to the appropriate service manuals separately prepared for the individual models.
Maintenance and Servicing Procedures
(1) A diagram of the component parts is provided • Removal steps:

near the front each section in order to give the The part designation number corresponds to the
reader a better understanding of the installed number in the illustration to indicate removal steps.
condition of component parts.
• Installation steps:
(2) The numbers provided within the diagram Specified in case installation impossible in reverse
indicate the sequence for maintenance and order of removal steps. Omitted if installation is
servicing procedures; the symbol N indicates a possible in reverse order of removal steps.
non-reusable part; the tightening torque is
provided where applicable. • Disassembly steps:
The part designation number corresponds to the number
in the illustration to indicates disassembly steps.
• Reassembly steps.
Specified in case reassembly is impossible in
reverse order of disassembly steps. Omitted if
reassembly is possible in reverse order of
disassembly steps.
Classification of Major Maintenance/Service points

When there are major points relative to maintenance and servicing procedures (such as essential
maintenance and service points, maintenance and service standard values, information regarding the
use of special tools, etc.), these are arranged together as major maintenance and service points and
explained in detail.
A : Indicates that there are essential points for removal or disassembly.
B : Indicates that there are essential points for installation or reassembly.
Symbols for Lubrication, Sealants and following the component parts page, and
Adhesives explained.
Information concerning the locations for
lubrication and for application of sealants and .... Sealant or adhesive
adhesives if provided, by using symbols, in the
diagram of component parts, or on the page .... Engine oil or gear oil
Inspection
Only the inspections to be performed by using special tools or measuring instruments are covered. General
service procedures not covered in this manual, such as visual inspections and cleaning of parts, however, should
always be performed during actual service operations.
G424 Service Manual 4 General Information

FRONT CASE AND OIL PAN
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
6EN1898
Removal steps
N 1. Oil filter H 17. Oil pump case assembly
M 2. Oil pressure switch 18. Front case gasket
3. Drain plug G 19. Oil pump cover
L 4. Drain plug gasket G 20. Oil pump drive gear
A K 5. Oil pan G 21. Oil pump driven gear
6. Oil screen F 22. Crankshaft front oil seal
7. Oil screen gasket E 23. Oil pump oil seal
B J 8. Plug D 24. Counterbalance shaft oil seal
9. O-ring 25. Front case
C I 10. Flang bolt 26. Counterbalance shaft, left
11. Relief plug 27. Counterbalance shaft, right
12. Gasket D C 28. Counterbalance shaft, front bearing
13. Relief spring E B 29. Counterbalance shaft, rear bearing, left
14. Relief plunger E A 30. Counterbalance shaft, rear bearing, right
15. Oil filter bracket
16. Oil filter bracket gasket
REMOVAL SERVICE POINTS

MD998727 A Oil pan removal
(1) Remove the all oil pan bolts.

(2) Drive in the special tool between the cylinder block and oil pan.
(3) Side the tool by striking the edge of the special tool to separate the oil
pan from the cylinder block.
6EN0698
This alphabetical letter corresponds to the one assigned Operating procedures, cautions, etc.
to a part in the removal, installation, disassembly or on removal, installation, disassembly
reassembly steps that are indicated in the drawing on the and reassembly are described
first page of each section.

Precautions Before Servce
Removal and Disassembly
For prevention of wrong installation or reassembly and for
ease of operation, put mating marks to the parts where no
function is adversely affected.
1EN0018
Special Tool
Be sure to use Special Tools when their use is specified for
the operation.
Use of substitute tools will result in malfunction of the part
or damage it.
1EN0019
Tightening Torque
Tighten the part properly to specified torque.
1EN0020
Sealant
T
Use specified brand of sealant.

AN
AL
Use of sealant other than specified sealant may cause

SE
water or oil leaks.
1EN0021

Replacement Part
When oil seal, O-ring, packing and gasket have been
removed, be sure to replace them with new parts.
However, rocker cover gasket may be reused if it is not
damaged.
1EN0022
Rubber Parts
Do not stain timing belt and V-belt with oil or water.
Therefore, do not clean the pulley and sprocket with
detergent.
1EN0023
Oil and Grease

Before reassembly, apply specified oil to the rotating and
sliding parts.
1EN0024
Genuine Part
When the part is to be replaced, be sure to use genuine
part.
For selection of appropriate parts, refer to the Parts
Catalog.
1EN0025

General
Engine models and numbers
Engine model Fuel type

G424 Gasoline, LPG, LPG (Low Emission Version)
Indication of engine model and number

The engine model and serial number are stamped on the right side of cylinder block surface.
Engine model Engine number

4G64 AA0001 to YY9999
6EN1916

Tightening Torque
Major Bolts and Nuts
Torque
Item Remarks
kg•m lb•ft N•m
Water pump pulley bolt 0.9 6.5 9
Crankshaft pulley bolt 2.5 18.1 25
Ignition system Spark plug 2.5 18.1 25
Distributor nut 1.2 8.7 12
Timing belt cover bolt 1.1 8.0 11
0.9 6.5 9
Tensioner spring spacer 4.9 35.4 48
Tensioner belt Tensioner bolt 4.9 35.4 48
Oil pump sprocket nut 5.5 39.8 54
Crankshaft bolt 12.0 86.8 118
Tensioner B bolt 1.9 13.7 19
Counterbalance shaft 4.6 33.3 45
Engine support bracket bolt 3.6 26.0 35
Camshaft sprocket bolt 9.0 65.1 88
Timing belt rear bolt 1.4 10.1 14
Fuel system Carburetor nut 1.2 8.7 12
carburetor Air horn nut 1.2 8.7 12
Stud 1.2 8.7 12
Fuel pump 1.1 8.0 11
Fuel system LPG carburetor nut 1.2 8.7 12
LPG carburetor Fuel pump cover 1.1 8.0 11
Intake manifold Water outlet bolt 1.4 10.1 14
Intake manifold bolt/nut 1.8 13.0 18
Exhaust Oil level gauge guide bolt 1.4 10.1 14
manifold Heat protector bolt 0.9 6.5 9
Exhaust manifold nut 3.5 25.3 34
Water inlet pipe bolt 1.4 10.1 14
Water pump bolt 1.4 10.1 14
Rocker cover bolt 0.6 4.3 6
Rocker arm
M8 B 25 2.4 17.4 24
and camshaft Bearing cap bolt
M6 B 65 2.0 14.5 20
Cylinder head,
8.0 kgf•m(57.9 lb•ft)[78 N•m]+ 0 +
valve Cylinder head bolt 2.0 kgf•m(14.5 lb•ft)[20 N•m]+
1/4 turn + 1/4 turn

Torque
Item Remarks
kg•m lb•ft N•m
Drain plug 4.0 28.9 39
Oil pan bolt 0.7 5.1 7
Oil screen bolt/nut 1.9 13.7 19
Oil pressure switch 1.0 7.2 10
Front case, Plug 2.4 17.4 24
doil pan Flange bolt 3.7 26.8 36
Relief plug 45 32.5 44
Oil filter bracket 1.9 13.7 19
Oil pump cover bolt 1.7 12.3 17
Oil pump cover screw 1.0 7.2 10
Front case bolt 2.4 17.4 24
Piston, Connecting rod bearing nut
2.0 kg•m(14.5 lb•ft) [20 N•m]+ 1/4 turn
connecting rod.
Flywheel bolt 13.5 97.6 132
0.9 6.5 9
Rear plate bolt
Crankshaft, 6.0 43.4 59
cylinder block Rear plate cover 1.1 8.0 11
Oil seal case bolt 1.1 8.0 11
Bearing cap bolt 2.0 kg•m(14.5 lb•ft) [20 N•m]+ 1/4 turn
Starter motor Starter motor bolt 2.7 19.5 26

General Bolts and Nuts Tightening Torque
Standard Bolts and Nuts
Torque, kg•m (lb•ft) [N•m]

Nominal
Pitch Bolt, stud, nut (with spring washer) Flange bolt, flange nut
diameter
Head mark 4 Head mark 7 Head mark 10 Head mark 4 Head mark 7
M5 M5 - 0.5 (0.5) [3.6] - - 0.6 (4.3) [5.9]
M6 M6 - 0.9 (6.5) [8.8] 1.2 (8.7) [12] - 1.0 (7.2) [9.8]
M7 M7 1.2 (8.7) [12] 2.2 (15.9) [22] 3.0 (21.7) [29] 1.3 (9.4) [13] 2.4 (17.4) [24]
M8 M8 2.5 (18.1) [25] 4.5 (32.5) [44] 6.0 (43.4) [59] 2.6 (18.8) [25] 5.0 (36.2) [49]
M9 M9 4.2 (30.4) [41] 8.6 (60.0) [81] 10.7 (77.4) [105] 4.7 (34.0) [46] 9.5 (68.7) [93]
M10 M10 7.3 (52.8) [72] 14.0 (101.3) [137] 14.5 (104.9) [142] - -
Tapered Threads
Torque, kg•m (lb•ft) [N•m]

Size Material of internal threads: Material of internal threads:
Aluminum alloy Cast iron or steel
NPTF 1/16 0.5 to 0.8 (3.6 to 5.8) [5 to 8] 0.8 to 1.2 (5.8 to 8.7) [8 to 11]
PT 1/8 0.8 to 1.2 (5.8 to 8.7) [8 to 11] 1.5 to 2.2 (10.8 to 15.9) [15 to 21]
PT 1/4 2.0 to 3.0 (14.5 to 21.7) [20 to 29] 3.5 to 4.5 (25.3 to 32.5) [34 to 44]
NPTF 1/4 2.0 to 3.0 (14.5 to 21.7) [20 to 29] 3.5 to 4.5 (25.3 to 32.5) [34 to 44]
PT 3/8 4.0 to 5.5 (28.9 to 39.8) [39 to 59] 5.5 to 7.5 (39.8 to 54.2) [54 to 73]
PT 1/2 7.0 to 10.0 (50.6 to 72.3) [69 to 98] 12.0 to 16.0 (86.8 to 115.7) [118 to 156]
New Tightening Method-By Use of Bolts to be Tightened in Plastic Area
A new type of bolts, to be tightened in plastic area, is currently used in some parts of the engine. The tightening
method for the bolts is different from the conventional one. Be sure to observe the method described in the text
when tightening the bolts.
Service limits are provided for the bolts. Make sure that the service limits described in the text are strictly
observed.
•Area where the bolts are in use:

(1) Cylinder head bolts
(2) Main bearing cap bolts
(3) Connecting rod cap bolts
•Tightening method
After tightening the bolts to the specified torque, tighten them another 90° or 180° (twice 90°). The tightening
method varies on different areas. Observe the tightening method described in the text.

Sealant
Part to be Applied Brand
TM
Semi circular packing 3M AAD Part No.8672 or equivalent
TM
Rocker cover 3M AAD Part No.8672 or equivalent
TM
Oil pressure switch 3M AAD Part No.8672 or equivalent
Oil pan Silicone RTV sealant or eguivalent
Rear oil seal case Silicone RTV sealant or eguivalent
Rear plate bolt 3MTM AAD Part No.8672 or equivalent
Oil seal case bolt 3MTM AAD Part No.8672 or equivalent
From in Place Gasket (FIPG)

The engine has several areas where the from-in-place gasket(FIPG) is in use. To ensure that gasket fully serves
its purpose, it is necessary to observe some precautions when applying the gasket. Bead size, continuity and
location are of paramount importance. Too thin a bead could cause leaks. Too thick a bead, on the other hand,
could be squeezed out of location, causing blocking or narrowing of the fluid feed line. To eliminate the possibility
of leaks from a joint, therefore, it is absolutely necessary to apply the gasket evenly without a break, while
observing the correct bead size.
Since the FIPG used in the engine hardens as it reacts with the moisture in the atmospheric air, it is normally
used in the metallic flange areas.
Disassembly
The parts assembled with the FIPG can be easily disassembled without use of a special method. In some cases,
however, the sealant between the joined surfaces may have broken by lightly striking with a mallet or similar tool.
A flat and thin gasket scraper may be lightly hammered in between the joined surfaces. In this case, however,
care must be taken to prevent damage to the joined surfaces. For removal of the oil pan, the special tool “Oil Pan
Remover” (MD998727) is available. Be sure to use the special tool to remove the oil pan.
Surface preparation
Thoroughly remove all substances deposited on the gasket application surfaces, using a gasket scraper or wire
brush.
Check to ensure that the surfaces to which the FIPG is to be applied is flat. Make sure that there are no oils,
greases and foreign substances deposited on the application surfaces. Do not forget to remove the old FIPG
remaining in the bolt holes.
From-in-place gasket Application

Applied FIPG bead should be of the specified size and without breaks. Also be sure to encircle the bolt hole
circumference with a completely continuous bead. The FIPG can be wiped away unless it is hardened. While the
FIPG is still moist (in less than 15 minutes), mount the parts in position. When the parts are mounted, make sure
that the gasket is applied to the required area only.
The FIPG application procedure may vary on different areas. Observe the procedure described in the text when
applying the FIPG.

SPECIFICATIONS
General Specifications
Engine model
Item G424
Type Water-cooled, 4-cycle, gasoline-powered and L.P.G.-powered
No. of cylinders and arrangement 4, in-line
Combustion chamber type Semi-spherical
Valve mechanism OHC
Total displacement, cm3(cc) [cu in.] 2350 (2350) [143]
Bore x stroke, mm (in.) 86.5 B 100 (3.41 B 3.94)
Dry weight, kg (lb) 146 (322)
Compression ratio 8.6
Compression pressure, kPa (kgf/cm2) [psi] 1128 (11.5) [163.5]
Intake Open 12° BTDC
valve Close 40° ABDC
Valve timing
Exhaust Open 54° BBDC
valve Close 6° ATDC
Firing order 1-3-4-2
Ignition timing, BTDC/rpm 4°/740 (gasoline), 9°/740 (L.P.G.), 4˚/740(dual fuel)
Fuel pump Gasoline Mechanical (diaphragm type)
Carburetor Down-draft type
Governor Air flow type
Lubrication system Pressure feed, full-flow filtration type
Oil pump Gear, driven by timing belt
Oil filter Filter paper, cartridge type
Cooling system Water-cooled, forced circulation
Water pump Centrifugal, driven by V-belt
Thermostat Wax type
Electrical system 12V DC, negative ground
Alternator, (12V-61A) Alternator current, built-in fan and regulator
Starter motor, (12V-1.2kW) Reduction drive
Distributor Equipped with automatic timing controller, breaker less type
Spark plug (NGK) Gasoline BPR4ES
L. P. G. BPR5ES
Quantity of lubricating oil, cm3 (liter) [U.S.gal] 4000(4.0) [1.06 ]( including 300 cm3(0.3 liter)[0.08 U.S.gal ]in oil filter
Quantity of coolant, cm3 (liter) [U.S.gal] 3100 (3.1) [0.82] (in engine proper)
IDLE RPM LOW (RPM) 700 L 25
HIGH (RPM) 2700 L 50
G424 Service Manual 13 Specifications

Service Specifications
Unit : mm(in.)
Item Standard value Limit Remarks

Flatness of gasket surface 0.03 (0.0012)
Total resurfacing
depth of both
Grinding limit 0.2 (0.008)
cylinder head and
cylinder block
Cylinder head
Overall height 89.9 to 90.1 (3.539 to 3.547)

Oversize rework 0.05 (0.0020) 13.05 to 13.07 (0.5138 to 0.5146)
dimensions of valve 0.25 (0.0098) 13.25 to 13.27 (0.5217 to 0.5224)
guide hole 0.50 (0.0197) 13.50 to 13.57 (0.5315 to 0.5343)
Oversize Intake 0.30 (0.0118) 47.30 to 47.33 (1.8622 to 1.8634)
rework 0.60 (0.0236) 47.60 to 47.63 (1.8740 to 1.8752)
dimensions of
valve seat Exhaust 0.30 (0.0118) 40.30 to 40.33 (1.5866 to 1.5878)
ring hole 0.60 (0.0236) 40.60 to 40.63 (1.5984 to 1.5996)
Intake 41.62 (1.6386) 41.12 (1.6189)
Camshaft
Cam height
Exhaust 41.62 (1.6386) 41.12 (1.6189)
Journal diameter 33.935 to 33.950 (1.33602 to 1.33661)
Oil clearance 0.05 to 0.09 (0.0020 to 0.0035)
Intake 106.6 (4.197) 106.1 (4.126)
Overall length
Exhaust 105.2 (4.142) 104.7 (4.122)
Valve stem projection 42.05 (1.6555) 42.55 (1.6752)
Stem diameter Intake 7.960 to 7.975 (0.31339 to 0.31398)
Exhaust
Valve
7.930 to 7.950 (0.31220 to 0.31299)

Face angle 45° to 45.5°
Thickness of valve Intake 1.2 (0.047)
head (margin) Exhaust 2.0 (0.079)
Stem-to-guide Intake 0.025 to 0.058 (0.00098 to 0.00228)
clearance Exhaust 0.050 to 0.088 (0.00197 to 0.00346)
Piston Valve seat Valve guide Valve spring
Free height 48.0 (1.89) 47.0 (1.85)

Load/installed height 176.5N (18kg) [39.7lbf]/40.4 (1.591)
Out-of-squareness 2° or less 4°
Intake 47 (1.85)
Overall length
Exhaust 52 (2.05)
Inner diameter 8.000 to 8.018 (0.31496 to 0.31567)
Valve contact width 0.9 to 1.3 (0.035 to 0.051)
Sinkage 0.2 (0.008)
Outside diameter 86.47 to 86.50 (3.4043 to 3.4055)
Piston clearance 0.02 to 0.04 (0.0008 to 0.0016)

Unit : mm(in.)
End gap No. 1 ring 0.25 to 0.40 (0.0098 to 0.0157) 0.8 (0.031)
Piston ring
No. 2 ring 0.45 to 0.60 (0.0177 to 0.0236) 0.8 (0.031)

Oil ring 0.20 to 0.60 (0.0079 to 0.0236) 1.0 (0.039)
Ring-to-ring groove No. 1 0.03 to 0.07 (0.0012 to 0.0028)
clearance No. 2 0.03 to 0.07 (0.0012 to 0.0028)
Outside diameter 22.002 to 22.005 (0.86622 to 0.86634)
Piston pin
Press-in load 7350 to 17160

(at room temperature), (750 to 1750)
N (kg) [lbf] [1650 to 3860]
Big end center-to small end center 149.9 to 150.0 (5.902 to 5.906)
Connecting rod
length
Bend 0.05 (0.0020)
Twist 0.10 (0.0039)
Big end thrust clearance 0.10 to 0.25 (0.0039 to 0.0098)
End play 0.05 to 0.18 (0.0020 to 0.0071)
Journal outside diameter 56.982 to 57.000 (2.24338 to 2.24409)
Pin Outside diameter 44.985 to 45.000 (1.77106 to 1.77165)
Crankshaft
Out-of-roundness and taper of

0.005 (0.00020)
journal and pin
Concentricity journal and pin 0.03 (0.0012)
Oil clearance of journal 0.02 to 0.04 (0.0008 to 0.0016)
Oil clearance of pin 0.02 to 0.05 (0.0008 to 0.0020)
Cylinder inner diameter 86.50 to 86.53 (3.4055 to 3.4067)
Cylinder block
Flatness of gasket surface 0.05 (0.0020)

Total resurfacing
0.2 (0.008) depth of both
Grinding limit
cylinder head and
cylinder block
Overall height 289.9 to 290.1 (11.413 to 11.421)
Oil pump
Drive gear 0.08 to 0.14 (0.031 to 0.0055)

Side clearance
Drive gear 0.06 to 0.12 (0.0024 to 0.0047)
New belt
Drive
7.0 to 10.0 (0.28 to 0.39)

belt
Deflection
Used belt 10 (0.39)
Throttle bore diameter 32 (1.26)
Outer venturi diameter 24 (0.94)
Carburetor
Inner venturi diameter 9 to 12 (0.35 to 0.47)

Main jet (Symbol Size) 132.5
Main air jet diameter 0.9 (0.035)
Pilot jet diameter 0.55 (0.0217)
Pilot air jet diameter 1.6 (0.063)
Primary throtle valve to throtle 1.1(0.043)
bore clearance

Unit : mm(in.)

Nominal output, kW 1.2
Voltage, V 11.0
No-load characterstics Current, A 90 or less
Starter motor
Speed, rpm 3000

Outer diameter 29.4 (1.16) 28.8 (1.13)
Commutator Runout 0.05 (0.0020) 0.1 (0.0039)
Undercut 0.5 (0.020) 0.2 (0.008)
Pinion gap 0.5 to 2.0 (0.020 to 0.079)
Brush length Wear limit line
Centrifugal advance crank Start 0°/1000
Tahermostat Spark plug Ignitio n coil Distributor
angle/engine speed, °/rpm End 20°/5000

Vacuum advance crank End 0°/80
angle/vacuum, °/mmHg Start 23°/280
Primary coil resistance, Ω 1.08 to 1.32
Secondary coil resistance, Ω 22.1 to 29.9
Plug gap 0.7 to 0.8 (0.028 to 0.031)
Valve opening temperature, °C (˚F) 82 (180)

Fully opening temperature, ˚C (˚F) 95 (203)
Valve lift 8 (0.31) or more
Low Idle 50 kPa(7psi)
Oil Pressure
High Idle 450 kPa(65psi)

1. Stop engine if in use.
MAINTENANCE
G424 engine requires a certain amount of 2. Allow sufficient time (approximately 2 minutes) for
the oil to drain back into the oil pan.
maintenance. Suggested maintenance requirements
3. Remove dipstick. Wipe clean and reinstall. Push
are contained in this section. The owner should,
dipstick all the way into the dipstick tube.
however, develop his own maintenance schedule
4. Remove dipstick and note the oil level.
using the requirements listed in this section and any
5. Oil level must be between the "MAX" and "MIN"
other necessary requirements resulting from optional marks.
additions to the engine system.
6. If the oil level is below the "MIN" mark, proceed to
Steps 7 and 8, and reinstall dipstick into the dipstick
tube.
Test Fuel System for Leaks
• Obtain a pump spray bottle. 7. Remove oil filler cap from the valve rocker arm
• Fill with an approved leak test solution or a mixture cover.
of water and dish soap. 8. Add required amount of oil to bring level up to, but
• Spray a generous amount of the solution on the not over, the "MAX" mark on dipstick.
entire fuel system including the fuel storage
container and fuel lines.
• Wait approximately 15-60 seconds then perform a
visual inspection of entire fuel system.
• Leaks will cause the soapy solution to bubble.
• Repair any leaks before continuing.
• Crank the engine through several revolutions. This
will energize the fuel lock and allow fuel to flow to the
pressure regulator/vaporizer. Apply additional leak
test solution to this portion of the fuel system and
inspect as above.
NOTE: When refill engine oil, refill same oil as that
• Repair any fuel leaks before continuing. used before.
Inspect Engine for Fluid Leaks

• Start engine and bring up to operating temperature.
• Turn engine off.
• Inspect entire engine for oil and/or coolant leaks.
• Repair any/all leaks before continuing.
Change Engine Oil &Filter

• Start engine.
• Bring up to operating temperature.
• Shut down engine.
• Remove oil fill cap located in valve cover.
• Place drain pan under engine oil pan.
Check Engine Oil Level • Remove oil drain plug located at bottom of oil pan
IMPORTANT : Care must be taken when checking and allow engine oil to drain.
engine oil level. Oil level must be main-tained between CAUTION : OIL WILL BE HOT.
the "MIN" mark and the "MAX" mark on the dipstick. To • Remove engine oil filter. Make sure the oil filter
gasket does not stick to engine.
ensure that you are not getting a false reading, make
CAUTION : OIL WILL BE HOT.
sure the following steps are taken before checking the • Using a clean shop towel clean the engine oil filter
oil level. gasket mating surface.
• Fill oil filter with engine oil.
G424 Service Manual 17 Maintenance

• Lube oil filter gasket with engine oil. • On open systems carefully remove cooling system
• Install oil filter as per filter manufacturers pressure cap. Coolant level will be approximately 30-
instructions. DO NOT OVER TIGHTEN 40 mm below pressure cap sealing surface. If level is
low replace pressure cap and repair any/all other
• Fill crankcase with engine oil.
leaks.
• Start engine & run approximately 60 seconds.
• Shut down engine, wait approximately 2 - 5 minutes
and then check oil level.
Inspect Coolant Hoses
• When oil level is satisfactory start engine and check • Visually inspect coolant hoses and clamps.
for any possible leaks. • Replace any hose that shows signs of swelling,
• Repair any/all leaks before returning unit to service. cracking, abrasion hardening or any other
damage/deterioration.
• Top-up cooling system with approved coolant.
NOTE
Engine Oil Specification : See, Lubrication System Inspect Ignition System
section
• Remove and inspect spark plugs. Replace as
required.
• Test secondary wires with an Ohmmeter. Maximum
Inspect Accessory Drive Belts resistance repair replace as required.
See, "Testing & Adjusting" of Cooling System Section. • Remove distributor cap and perform visual inspection
of distributor cap and rotor. Replace cap & rotor if
Inspect electrical system corrosion is found on contacts.
• Inspect distributor breaker unit and housing for signs
• Clean battery outer surfaces with a mixture of baking
of corrosion. Repair replace as required.
soda and water.
• Inspect battery outer surfaces for damage. Replace
as required. Replace Spark Plugs
• Remove battery cables and clean. • Utilizing a gentle twisting motion remove the
• Inspect battery cables for worn or missing insulation, secondary high voltage leads from the spark plugs.
frayed wire and/or corrosion. Replace as required. Replace any damaged leads.
• Remove the spark plugs.
Inspect Vacuum Lines and Fittings • Gap new spark plugs to proper specs.
• Apply anti-seize compound to spark plug threads.
• Visually inspect vacuum lines and fittings for physical
damage such as brittleness, cracks, kinks and • Install spark plugs.
misrouting. Repair/replace as required. • Do not over tighten.
• Solvent damage may cause vacuum lines to become • Install secondary high voltage leads.
soft. Vacuum lines damaged by oil and/or other
solvents may collapse when the engine is running
effectively closing the passage inside the line.
Check Coolant Level

• Engine must be off and cold.
• NEVER REMOVE THE PRESSURE CAP ON A HOT
ENGINE.
• The coolant level should be equal to the "COLD"
mark on the coolant recovery tank. Periodically
remove the cooling system pressure cap and check
coolant level inside system. The coolant level should
be equal to the sealing surface of the pressure cap.
If level is low replace pressure cap and repair any/all
other leaks.
• On closed systems visually inspect the coolant
recovery tank and hoses for physical damage

Replace LP Fuel Filter Element
Park the lift truck in an authorized refueling area with
the forks lowered, parking beake applled and the
5 2 1
transmission in NEUTRAL. 4 3
4. Remove cover (5), magnet (4), spring (3) and

filter element (2) from bottom cover (1).
5. Replace the filter element (2).
6. Check bottom cover O-ring seal (6) for damage.
Replace it if necessary.
7. Install the filter element (2), spring (3), magnet
1. Close the fuel shutoff valve on the LP-Gas tank. (4) and cover (5) on bottom cover (1). Align the
Run the engine until fuel in the line runs out and the scribe line on the covers.
engine stops. Turn off the ignition switch and
disconnect switch (if equipped). 8. Install the cover retaining screws. Tighten the
screws in a sequence opposite each other.
9. Open the fuel valve by slowly turning the valve
counterclockwise.
10. Crank the engine only enough to produce a
vacuum at the fuelock. Turn the ignition key
switch off.
11. Check the fuel lines and fittings for leaks with a
soap solution. Make repairs if necessary.
Test Fuel Lock (Electric)

• Start engine.
• Locate electrical connector for fuel lock.
• Disconnect electrical connector.
• Engine will run out of fuel and stop in a short period
of time. (The length of time increases with any
2. Scribe a line across the filter housing covers. increase in distance between the fuel lock and the
3.Remove the cover retaining screws. pressure regulator).

Replace Gasoline Fuel Filter Inspect Complete Exhaust
(Gasoline Truck and Dual System for Leaks, Damage
Fuel Truck) • Perform visual inspection of exhaust system.
• Repair any/all leaks found.
WARNING
Engine Control Unit(ECU)
Fuel leaked or spilled onto hot surfaces or
electrical components can cause a fire.
and others
(Low Emission LP Truck)
Turn the disconnect switch OFF if fitted or The commander, oxygen sensor and vacuum control
disconnect the battery when changing fuel solenoid are not serviceable. If faulty, they must be
filters replaced. See Trouble Shooting Section
1
3
2
1. Raise the hood and seat assembly.

2. Loosen Bolt(1) and clamps(2)(3).
3. Replace old fuel filter with new filter.
4. Fasten Bolt(1) and clamps(2)(3).
Inspect Gasoline Carburetor

See, gasoline carburetor in Gasoline fuel system
section.
Inspect Pressure
Regulator/Vaporizer
See, pressure regulator/vaporizer in LP fuel system
section.
Inspect LP Mixer
(Standard LP Truck)
See, LP mixer in LP fuel system section.
Inspect Variable Venturi

Air/Fuel Mixer
(Low Emission LP Truck)
See, Variable Venturi Air/Fuel Mixer in LP fuel
system(Low emission version) section.

Maintenance Schedule
Interval Hours
Every Every Every Every Every
250hrs 500hrs 1000hrs 2000hrs 1000hrs
CHECK POINT Daily or or or or
or
a month 3 months 6 months a year 18 months
General Maintenance Section

Test fuel system for leaks Prior to any service of maintenance activity
Inspect engine for fluid leaks O
Check engine oil and filter O
Change engine oil and filter O
Inspect accessory drive belts O
Inspect electrical system O
Inspect all vacuum lines and fittings O
Inspect all fuel fittings and hoses O
Replace timing belt and counter balance shaft belt. O
Check engine compression pressure O
Engine Coolant Section
Check coolant level O
Change coolant O
Inspect coolant hoses for leaks, cracks swelling, or deterioration O
Engine Ignition Section
Inspect battery for case damage and corroded Cables O
Inspect ignition system O
Check ignition timing-adjust as necessary O
Replace spark plugs O
Fuel Lock-Off/Filter Section
Replace LP fuel filter element O
Replce gasoline fuel filter O
Inspect lock-off and filter for fuel leaks O
Ensure lock-off stops fuel flow when engine is off O
Pressure Regulator Section
Test regulator pressures O
Inspect pressure regulator for oil build-up O
Inspect pressure regulator assembly for fuel/coolant leaks O
Carburetor Section
Check for air leaks in filter system O
Check for vacuum leaks on complete intake system O
Inspect air/gas valve assembly O
Inspect air/fuel mixture throat O
Inspect gasoline carburetor O
Check air cleaner indicator O
Inspect air cleaner O
Replace air filter element O
Engine Exhaust Section (Low Emission Version only)
Inspect exhaust manifold for leaks O
Inspect manifold-to-catalyst exhaust piping and Connections for leaks O
Inspect catalyst inlet and outlet and leaks O

ENGINE SYSTEM
Engine Overview
The cylinder blocks are made of the special cast iron The camshaft is located on the top of the cylinder
and employ 5-bearing, deep skirt system. heads and driven by cog type timing belt.
The cylinder heads have hemisphere combustion Dual type exhaust manifold is employed in order to
chambers, are of cross flow type arranged with V-type reduce output loss by exhaust interference.
valves and high efficient combustion is intended.
G424 Service Manual 22 Engine System

Gasoline Engine

LPG Engine ( Low Emission Version)

Timing System
The timing belt is meshed with the sprockets, the

crankshaft sprocket becomes the drive sprocket, and
thus functions to drive the camshaft and oil pump.
Timing belt
The timing belt is the cogged type, using rubber as its basic
material, and it employs a high-strength glass fiber core
which does not expand or contract.
The features of the cogged-type belt compared to a chin are
no expansion/contraction, low noise level, no necessity for
lubrication, light weight, etc.

Silent Shaft Mechanism
The silent shaft mechanism function mainly to figure below. The right silent shaft rotates in the same
eliminate, by the action of the silent shafts direction as the crankshaft, and the left silent shaft
incorporated at both sides of the cylinder block, the rotates in the opposites direction. Both of these silent
vertical vibromotive force of the engine as well as the shafts rotate at speed twice that of the crankshaft.
vibromotive moment in the rolling direction, thus Right silent shaft is driven by timing belt B, and the left
making possible quieter operation of the vehicle. silent shaft is driven by drive gear.
The two silent shafts are arranged as shown in the

Auto Lash Adjuster
Construction
These engines have auto lash adjusters that eliminate

the need for valve clearance adjustment and reduce
noises of the valve system. The auto lash adjuster
automatically absorbs change in the valve clearance
caused by engine temperature change or wear of
parts and adjusts the valve clearance always to zero.
Operation of Auto Lash Adjuster
(1) At Start of Valve Lift

When the cam lifts up the rocker arm, the hydraulic
pressure immediately forces the ball in the high pressure
chamber against the seat, closing the high pressure
chamber.
(2) During Valve Lift

A small amount of oil leaks from the high pressure
chamber through a clearance between the body inside
and the plunger outside.
(3) At end of Valve Lift

The plunger spring forces the body back to the initial
position and oil is supplied to the high pressure chamber
to make up for the leaked oil.

Intake and Exhaust System
Gasoline Engine
The intake manifold employs the shape having good

intake performance.
The exhaust manifold employs a dual type and intend
the reduction of output loss due to exhaust
interference.

LPG Engine (Low Emission Version)

Electrical System
Wiring Diagram
(Gasoline Engine)
Stating motor is of the gear reduction type.

Distributor is of a breakerless type and employs the
ignition advancer which uses jointly centrifugal type
and vacuum type.

Wiring Diagram (LPG Engine, Low Emission Version)

STARTING SYSTEM
General Description
The starting motor is used to turn the engine flywheel
fast enough to make the engine run. The starting
motor has a solenoid. When the ignition switch is
activated, voltage from the electrical system will cause
the solenoid to move the pinion toward the flywheel
ring gear of the engine. The electrical contacts in the
solenoid close the circuit between the battery and the
starting motor just before the pinion engages the ring
gear. This causes the starting motor to rotate. This
type of motor "turn on" is a positive shift starting motor.
When the engine begins to run, the overrunning clutch

portion of the pinion drive prevents damage to the
armature caused by excessive speeds. The clutch
does this by breaking the mechanical connection. The
pinion will stay meshed with the ring gear until the
ignition switch is released. A return spring in the
overrunning clutch returns the clutch to its rest
position.
G424 Service Manual 32 Starting System

1 2 WH START
SWITC.H
START
RELAP
W X
3
4 RD/WH
MTR BAT
STARTER
MOTOR
BATTERY
5
Typical 12 Volt Starting Circuit

(1) Test point. (2) Test point. (3) Test Point. (4) Test Point. (5) Test Point. (X) Hold-in coil. (W) Pull-in coil.
Diagnosis Procedure
2. Is a high current switch rated about 1000 amps that
The following simplified procedure is intended to help
actually turns on the starting motor.
the serviceman determine if a starting motor needs to
be removed and replaced or repaired. It is not The starting motor solenoid has two coils. Pull-in coil
intended to cover all possible problems and (W) draws about 40 amps and hold-in coil (X) requires
conditions, but to serve only as a guide. The most about 5 amps. The instant the start relay closes, both
common 12 volt circuit is shown and discussed. coils (W) and (X) receive power. Battery voltage is
applied to the high end of both coils, at test point (3)
General Information
which is the start (S) terminal. The low end of hold-in
All starting systems are made up of four elements. coil (X) is permanently grounded to the ground post or
They are the ignition switch, start relay, the starting motor housing of the starting motor. Grounding for the
motor solenoid and starting motor. low end, test point (4), of pull-in coil (W) is momentary,
and takes place through the DC resistance of the
Start switches are relatively low current devices. They
starting motor. As soon as magnetic force builds in
are rated to switch approximately 5 to 20 amps.
both coils, the pinion moves toward the flywheel ring
Because the coil of a start relay [between test point (1)
gear. The pinion will stop short of engagement of the
and (2)] draws about 1 amp, the start switch can easily
flywheel ring gear. Only then will the solenoid contacts
turn on the start relay and have long life.
close to power the starting motor. This temporarily
removes the ground from pull-in coil (W), and puts
The switch contacts of a typical start relay are rated to
battery voltage on both ends of it while the starting
switch 30 amps. Because the solenoid requires 5 to 20
motor cranks. During this period, the pull-in coil is out
amps the start relay can easily switch this load.
of the circuit. Cranking continues until power to the
The starting motor solenoid has two functions: solenoid is broken by releasing the ignition switch.
1. Engages the pinion with flywheel.

The result of these switches and relays is to permit a If the starting motor cranks real slow or does not crank
5 amp dash-mounted switch to turn on a 500 to 1000 at all, do the following procedure:
amp motor used to crank an engine.
1. Measure battery voltage at the battery posts with
Battery voltage (power) available during cranking
the multimeter while cranking or attempting to crank
varies according to the temperature of the batteries.
the engine. Make sure to measure the battery
The following chart is a guide as to what to expect
posts. Do not measure the cable post clamps.
from a normal system.
2. Is battery voltage equal to or greater than shown in
TYPICAL SYSTEM VOLTAGE DURING CRANKING Figure 1?
AT VARIOUS AMBIENT TEMPERATURES
Temperature 12V System IIf the battery voltage is correct, go to Step 3.
-23 to -7 C (-10 to 20 F)
-7 to 10 C (20 to 50 F)
6 to 8 Volts
7 to 9 Volts
IIf the battery voltage is too low, Charge or replace
the battery.
10 to 27 C (50 to 80 F) 8 to 10 Volts NOTE: A low battery can be caused by battery

condition or a shorted starting motor.
Figure 1
3. Measure current draw on the (+) battery cable
The next chart shows maximum acceptable voltage
between the battery and the starting motor solenoid
loss in the high current battery circuit feeding the
with the clamp-on ammeter. The maximum current
starting motor. These values are maximums for
draw allowed is 350 Amp. At temperatures below
machines of approximately 2000 SMH and up. Newer
27°C (80°F), the voltage will be less and the current
machines would be less than those shown.
draw will be higer. If current draw is too much, the
starting motor has a problem and must be removed
MAXIMUM ACCEPTABLE SYSTEM VOLTAGE
for repair or replacement.
DROPS DURING CRANKING
Circuit 12V System NOTE: If voltage at the battery post is within
Battery(-) post to starting motor 0.7 Volts approximately 2 volts of the lowest value in the
(-) terminal applicable temperature range of Figure1 and if the
Battery (+) post to solenoid (+) terminal 0.5 Volts large starting motor cables get hot, then the starting
motor has a problem and the Ammeter test is not
Solenoid Bat terminal to 0.4 Volts
needed.
solenoid Mtr terminal
4. Measure starting motor voltage from test point (4) to
Figure 2
(5) with the multimeter while cranking or attempting
Voltages greater than those shown are most often to crank the engine.
caused by loose and/or corroded connections or
defective switch contacts. 5. Is voltage equal to or greater than shown in Figure
1?
Diagnosis Procedure
TOOLS NEEDED IIf the starting motor voltage is correct, the battery
and starting motor cables down to the motor are
Digital Multimeter or Equivalent 1 within specifications. Go to Step 8.
I
DC Clamp-On Ammeter or Equivalent 1
If the starting motor voltage is low, the voltage drop
between the battery and the starting motor is too
great. Go to Step 6.
NOTICE
Do not operate the starting motor for more than 30 6. Measure the voltage drops in the cranking circuits
seconds at a time. After 30 seconds, the cranking with the multimeter. Compare the results with
must be stopped for two minutes to allow the starting maximum voltage drops allowed in Figure 2.
motor to cool. This will prevent damage to the starting
motor due to excessive heat buildup.

7. Are all the voltages within specifications ? Start Relay Tests
I If the voltage drops are correct, go to Step 8, to
check the engine.
D167422 Relay
1. Put the multimeter on the 200 ohm scale.

I If the voltage drops are too high, repair and/or
replace the faulty electrical component. 2. Put the multimeter lead to the 85 and 86 terminals.
8. Rotate the crankshaft by hand to make sure it is not 3. The indication on the meter must be 82 L 5 ohms.
locked up. Check oil viscosity and any external If the indication is not correct, the start relay must
loads that would affect engine rotation. be replaced.
9. Is the engine locked up or hard to turn ? 4. Put the multimeter leads to the 30 and 87 terminals.
I If it is, repair the engine as required. 5. The indication must be "OL"(Over Load). If the
indication is not correct, the start relay must be
I If the engine is not hard to turn, go to Step 10. replaced.
10. Does the starting motor crank? 6. Connect WH wire to 86 and BK wire to 85 terminal
I
with the ignition switch to start position. Put the
If it does crank, remove the starting motor for repair
meter lead to 30 and 87 terminal.
and/or replacement.
I
7. The indication must be Zero ohm. If the indication is
If it does not crank, check for blocked engagement
not correct the start relay must be replaced.
of the pinion and flywheel ring gear.
NOTE: Blocked engagement and open solenoid

contacts will give the same electrical symptoms.

Starter Motor
Planetary Gear Reduction Drive Type
The starter motor is small in size light weight and high-

output type.
Rotation of the motor are reduced by the reduction
gear, and high torque is transmitted to the pinion gear.
Operation
1. When the ignition key (IG-SW) is turned to the “ST”
position, current flows from the S terminal of the magnetic
switch to the pull-in coil and the holding coil.
Current from the pull-in coil passes through the M terminal,
flows to the starter’s brush, commutator, and armature,
and then the armature begins to gently turn.

2. The plunger of the magnetic switch is then attracted, and
the pinion is pushed out by the shift lever, meshing with the
ring gear.
As a result of the movement of the plunger, the contacts of
the magnetic switch close, and, as a result, the starter is
turned by the high current from the battery directly to the B
terminal, and the engine is activated.
When the contacts closes, the current flowing to the pull-in
coil stops flowing, and the magnetic force decreases. At
this time, what prevents the pinion from being returned by
the return spring is the magnetic force of the holding coil.
When the engine starts and the pinion is caused to rotate
by the ring gear, there is a possibility of damage, and for
that reason an over-running clutch is provided so that the
rotation from the engine is not transmitted.
3. Because the contacts are still closed at the moment when

the ignition key is turned to OFF, current from the battery
flows in the reverse direction from the M terminal and
through the pull-in coil, thus offsetting the magnetic force
of the holding coil, with the result that the pinion is returned
by the return spring, and the contacts are opened.
Construction of planetary gear type reduction drive
This reduction drive consists of a gear on the front end of the

armature shaft, three pinion gears, a gear shaft that supports
three pinion gears and work as the output shaft and the
internal gear that is fixed to the starter motor body. The unit
is called the simple planetary gear set.

When the internal gear is fixed as in the case of the starter
motor, the carrier rotates in the same direction as the sun
gear.
This may be used to determine the reduction ratio easily.

.
Namely, the carrier reduction ratio = (43 + 11) / 11 =. 4.9
Permanent magnet pole
Conventionally, the field coil wound around the pole is

energized to generate magnetic fluxes. This system uses a
permanent magnet (ferrite magnet) for the pole, eliminating
the field coil and reducing the size and weight.
The auxiliary pole helps generation of magnetic fluxes to
ensure stable rotation and output characteristics.

Removal and Installation
Removal steps
1. Bolt 6EN0867
2. Starter
Inspection
Pinion Gap Adjustment

(1) Disconnect the field coil wire from terminal M of the
magnetic switch.
(2) Connect a 12 V battery between terminal S and
starter motor body (positive terminal to terminal S).
Caution: This test must be performed quickly (in less

S than 10 seconds) to prevent the coil from burning out.
Stopper
Pinion gap
(3) Set switch to “ON”, and pinion will move out.
Pinion (4) Check pinion to stopper clearance (pinion gap)
6EN1918 with a thickness gauge.
Pinion gap: 0.5 to 2.0 mm (0.0197 to 0.0787 in.)
(5) If the pinion gap is out of specification, adjust by

adding or removing gaskets between magnetic
switch and front bracket.

Pull-in Test of Magnetic Switch
(1) Disconnect field coil wire from terminal M of magnetic
S M switch.
(2) Connect a 12V battery between terminal S and terminal M.
Caution: This test must be performed quickly (in less than 10

seconds) to prevent coil from burning.
Disconnect (3) If pinion moves out, then pull-in coil is good. If it doesn’t.
connector replace magnetic switch.
6EN0871
Hold-in Test of Magnetic Switch

S switch.
(2) Connect a 12V battery between terminal S and body.

Disconnect
connector (3) Manually pull out the pinion as far as the pinion stopper
6EN0872 position.
(4) If pinion remains out, everything is in order. If pinion
moves in, hold-in circuit is open. Replace magnetic
switch.
Return Test of Magnetic Switch

M switch.
(2) Connect a 12V battery between terminal S and body.
Disconnect (3) Pull pinion out and release. If pinion quickly returns to its
connector original position, everything is in order. If it doesn’t,
6EN0873 replace magnetic switch.
Caution: Be careful not to get your fingers caught when
pulling out the pinion.

Free Running Test
Variable resistance (1) Place starter motor in a vise equipped with soft jaws and
M connect a fully-charged 12-volt battery to starter motor as
follows:
Ammeter (2) Connect a ammeter (100-ampere scale) and carbon pile
Starter
motor Battery rheostat in series with battery positive post and starter
12 motor terminal.
Voltmeter (3) Connect a voltmeter (15-volt scale) across starter motor.
(4) Rotate carbon pile to full-resistance position.
6EN0874 (5) Connect battery cable from battery negative post to
starter motor body.
(6) Adjust the rheostat until the battery voltage shown by the
voltmeter is 11V.
(7) Confirm that the maximum amperage is within the
specifications and that the starter motor turns smoothly
and freely.
Current: max. 60 amps
Symptom Possible cause

Current is too large, and starter motor •Contaminated or oil stained metal
rotates at too low speeds. •Friction between armature core and pole piece
( Motor output torque is insufficient.) •Armature coil and/or field coil not properly grounded
•Armature coil short-circuited
Current is too large, and motor does •Electromagnetic switch not properly grounded
not rotate at all. •Armature coil and/or field coil not properly grounded
•Seizure of metal
No current is available, and motor •Armature coil and/or field coil open-circuited
does not rotate. •Brush and/or pigtail open-circuited
•Poor contact of brush and commutator due to contaminated
commutator, high mica, etc.
Current is too small, and motor rotates Loose field coil connections (If the shunt coil alone is
at low speed. (Motor output torque is open-circuited or loosely connected, the motor will
insufficient.) rotate at a high speed.)
Current is too large, and motor rotates at Field coil short-circuited
too high speeds. (Motor output torque is
insufficient.)

Disassembly And Reassembly
6EN1917
Disassembly steps
1. Screw 12. Packing A
A 2. Magnetic switch 13. Packing B
3. Screw 14. Plate
4. Screw 15. Planetary gear
5. Rear bracket 16. Lever
6. Brush holder C A 17. Snap ring
7. Brush C A 18. Stop ring
8. Rear bearing 19. Overrunning clutch
B 9. Armature 20. Internal gear
10. Yoke assembly 21. Planetary gear holder
B 11. Ball 22. Front bracket

“S” teminal Disassembly Service Points
Maguetic switch
A Magnetic switch removal
“B” terminal Disconnect the field coil wire from terminal M of the magnetic
switch
“M” terminal
Fieldcoid wire
B Armature/ball removal
Caution: When removing the armature, take care not to lose
6EN0610
the ball (Which is used as a bearing) in the armature end.
C Snap ring/stop ring removal

Socket
(1) Press stop ring off snap ring with a suitable socket.
Stop ring
Pinion gear
Overrunning
clutch
Armature
6EN0611
(2) Remove snap ring with snap ring pliers and then remove
Snap ring stop ring and overrunning clutch.
Snap ring
Pinion pliersa
gear
Overrunning
clutch
Armature
6EN0612
Cleaning of Starter Motor Parts

Do not immerse the parts in cleaning solvent. Immersion of
the yoke, field coil assembly and/or armature will damage to
insulation.
Do not immerse the drive unit cleaning solvent.
Overrunning clutch is pre-lubricated at the factory and
solvent will wash lubricant form clutch.
The drive may be cleaned with a brush moistened with
cleaning solvent and wiped dry with a cloth.

Inspection
1. Commutator
(1) Place the armature on a pair of V-blocks and check the
runout using a dial gauge.
Standard value: 0.5 mm (0.020 in.)
Limit: 0.1 mm (0.004 in.)
1EN0298
(2) Check the outer diameter of the commutator.

Limited: 28.8 mm (1.13 in.)
1EN0302
(3) Check depth of the undercuts between the segments.

Under cut Standard value: 0.5 mm (0.020 in.)
Limited: 0.2 mm (0.008 in.)
Segment
Mica
1EN0296
2. Overrunning Clutch Check

(1) While holing clutch housing, rotate the pinion. Drive
pinion should rotate smoothly in one direction, but should
not rotate in opposite direction. If clutch does not function
properly, replace overrunning clutch assembly.
(2) Inspect pinion for wear or burrs. If pinion is worn or
Free burred, replace overrunning clutch assembly. If pinion is
damaged, also inspect ring gear for wear or burrs.
3. Front And Rear Bracket Bushing Check

Inspect bushing for wear or burrs. If bushing is worn or
burred, replace front bracket assembly or rear bracket
assembly.

4. Brush
(1) Brushes that are worn beyond wear limit line, or oil
soaked, should be replaced.
(2) When replacing ground brush, side the brush from brush
holder by prying retainer spring back.
Wear
limit
line
1EN0292
5. Armature Coil Short Circuit Test

(1) Place armature on a growler.
(2) Hold a thin steel blade parallel and just above while
rotating armature slowly in growler. A shorted armature
will cause blade to vibrate and be attracted to the core.
Replace shorted armature.
6EN0600
6. Armature Coil Ground Test

Check the insulation between ground commutator segment
and the armature coil core. If there should be no continuity.
6EN0601
7. Armature Coil Open Circuit Check

Check the continuity between segments. If there should be
continuity.

Reassembly Service Points
A Stop ring/snap ring Installation

Using a suitable pulling tool, pull overrunning clutch stop
Stop ring over snap ring.
Overrunning
Stop ring

CHARGING SYSTEM Alternators
The alternators used on these engines have three
General Description phase, full-wave, rectified output. They are the brush
type. Refer to the Alternator Coverage chart for
The alternator is an electrical and mechanical detailed systems operation information
components driven by a belt from engine rotation. It
is used to charge the storage battery during the
engine operation. The alternator is cooled by an ALTERNATOR COVERAGE
external fan mounted behind the pulley. The fan pulls
Alternator Manufacturer/
air through the holes in the back of the alternator.
The air exits the front of the alternator, cooling it in Part Number Series
the process. The Daewoo CS-121 series also has an D167411 Daewoo/CS-121
internal fan. This fan is mounted on the rotor. This D187478 MICO/K1 Sealed
fan pulls air through the holes in the back of the
alternator to cool the rectifier bridge and regulator.
The air exits the front of the alternator.
The alternator converts mechanical and magnetic

energy to alternating current (AC) and voltage. This
process is done by rotating a direct current (DC)
electromagnetic field (rotor) inside a three phase
stator. The alternating current and voltage (generated
by the stator) are changed to direct current by a
three phase, full wave rectifier system using six
silicone rectifier diodes. Some alternators have three
exciter diodes or a diode trio. They rectify the current
needed to start the charging process. Direct current
IDES081P
flows to the alternator output terminal.
Daewoo CS-121 Alternator
A solid state regulator is installed in or on the back of
the alternator. Two brushes conduct current, through
two slip rings, to the rotor field. Some alternators
have a capacitor mounted on them. The capacitor
protects the rectifier from high voltages. It also
suppresses electrical noise through a radio, if
equipped.
The alternator is connected to the battery through the

ignition switch for alternator turn on . Therefore,
alternator excitation occurs when the switch is turned
on.
IDES082P
Mico K1 Enclosed Alternator
G424 Service Manual 47 Charging System

Daewoo CS-121 Series D187478
1
1 2
IDES044S
IDES043S
D167411
Rated voltage..................................................12 volts
Polarity is negative ground.
Rotation is clockwise.
Output at 6500 rpm (cold) .............................61 amps
Output voltage ...................................14.0 L 0.5 volts
(1) Torque for battery terminal nut.......3.6 L 0.8 NIm

(32 L 7 lbIin)
(2) Torque for pulley nut ...100 L 7 NIm (75 L 5 lbIft)
IDES045S

Remove & Install Alternator
NOTE : Hood, seat and dry air cleaner have been

removed for photographic purposes.
1 2
1. Disconnect wire (1) and wire (2)
5
3 4
2. Remove bolt and washer (3), and remove belt (4).
3. Remove alternator (5).
NOTE : For the installation of the alternator, reverse

the removal steps.

IGNITION SYSTEM
Breakerless Ignition System
Ignition System Schematic

(1) Battery. (2) Ignition switch. (3) Coil. (4) Distributor. (5) Spark Plug.
The ignition system has battery (1), ignition switch (2), soft iron core. The primary has a small number of turns
coil (3), distributor (4) with inner electronics of heavy wire, and the secondary has many thousand
circuits and spark plugs (5). The battery and ignition turns of a very fine wire.
switch have terminals and closed contacts to permit The primary winding is on the outside of the secondary
battery current flow through the ignition system. These windings.
components must have closed current
connections to complete the operation of the ignition
circuit. Coil (3) and spark plugs (5) are of the standard
type. The ignition coil changes the low voltage current
into high voltage current to make a spark at the gap of
the spark plug. The coil has two windings around a
G424 Service Manual 50 Ignition System

Distributor
The distributor is the contactless type and is equipped

with a centrifugal advancer and vacuum advancer.
The distributor is installed at the front side surface of
the cylinder head, and is driven directly by the
camshaft.

Governor advance mechanism
In the figure below, pin A rotates together with the In the cam base, the movement of pin B becomes
shaft. A governor weight is installed to this pin A. rotation of the cam in the direction of rotation. In other
There is a pin B on the governor weight which fits into words, the cam advances in relation to the shaft.
the oblong hole in the cam base. The governor spring When the rotation speed becomes sufficiently high,
is attached to the spring hook of the governor weight, pin B contacts the outer side of the oblong hole in the
pulling the governor weight to the fully closed position. cam base, and the weight opens no further. This
When the rotation speed increases, the governor position is the fully advanced condition.
weight is subjected to centrifugal force which causes it When the rotation speed decreases, the centrifugal
to open outward. When the centrifugal force becomes force of the weight becomes weaker and the weight is
stronger than the tensile force of the spring, the weight closed by the force of the spring, thus returning to the
opens, as shown by (b) in the figure below, thus original condition.
maintaining a balance with the force of the spring.
Because pin B of the weight is fit into the oblong hole
The advance characteristic of the centrifugal-advance device

employed by the governor is as shown in the figure at the left.
Point A is the beginning of advance, and point B shows the
rotation speed at full advance.

Vacuum advance mechanism
There is a diaphragm within the vacuum controller, out by the air/fuel mixture flowing near the vacuum
with a spring at the negative-pressure (vacuum) side port, thus resulting in a negative-pressure (vacuum)
which pressure against the diaphragm. A link is condition. Because the tube is connected to the
attached to the diaphragm and is connected to the negative-pressure (vacuum) port of the vacuum
pickup plate. The pickup assy is installed on the controller, the diaphragm pressure against the spring,
pickup plate, and can rotate together with the pickup and it moves in the direction of the arrow. Then the
plate. link rotates the pickup plate and, because the position
The negative pressure (vacuum) side of the vacuum of the pickup changes, the timing also changes. The
controller is connected to the vacuum port of the direction is the direction opposite to the direction of
carburetor by a tube. signal rotor rotation, so that the projection of signal
When the throttle valve of the carburetor is closed, the rotor will pass the pickup quickly. In this way, then, the
engine is in the idling condition, and there is no ignition timing advances.
vacuum inside the tube at this time. When the throttle
valve is partially open, the air within the tube is drawn
The figure at the left shows the advance characteristic curve

of the vacuum-advance mechanism. Point A is the start of
the advance, and point B is the end of the advance.
Because the magnitude of the degree of advance determined
by balance of the strength of the vacuum and the pressure of
the spring, if the spring is weak the degree of advance will be
great at a small vacuum.

Removal steps 7. Vacuum

1. Drive belt 8. Ignition
2. Water pump pulley 9. Harness
3. Crankshaft pulley A 10. Distributor
4. Spark plug cable
5. Spark plug
6. High tension cable

Inspection
High voltage Ignition Coil
terminal
Perform the following measurements. Replace the ignition
coil if the standard values are not met.
– + (1) Measure the resistance values of the primary and

secondary coils and of the external resistor with a tester.
If the readings are within the standard limits, it follows that
there is no short or open circuit in the ignition coil.
1EN0393 Standard value:
Primary coil resistance value: 1.08 to 1.32 Ω
Secondary coil resistance value: 22.1 to 29.9Ω
Spark Plug Cable/High Tension Cable

(1) Check the caps and covering for cracks.
(2) Measure the resistance values:
Standard value: 16 kΩ/m
Installation Service Points
A Distributor installation
(1) Turn the crankshaft so that No. 1 cylinder is at top dead
center.
(2) Aligh the distributor housing and gear mating marks.
(3) Shift 1 tooth of gear to meet the pin with the mating mark
of distributor housing as shown in the illustration.
(4) Install the distributor to the engine while aligning mating

of distributor housings (groove) of the distributor’s
installation flange with the center of the distributor
installation stud.
(5) Removes distributor cap and confirms that the rotor

becomes as shown in the illustration.
(6) When the rotor is not in this position, redo from the
operation in step (2).

Disassembly and Reassembly
Disassembly steps
1. Distributor cap 8. Breaker assembly
2. Rotor 9. Snap ring
3. Cover 10. Vacuum control
4. Signal rotor 11. Connector assembly
A 5. Pickup coil assembly 12. O-ring
6. Ignitor 13. Distributor housing
7. Heat sink

Inspection
Pickup Coil
(1) Using a tester, check the resistance of the pickup coil.
Standard value: 420 to 540Ω
1EL0052
(2) Check to make sure the pointer of the tester oscillates

when the tip of a screwdriver is moved past by the core of
the pickup col assembly.
1EL0053
Signal rotor
Reassembly Procedure
A Pickup coil assembly installation

Check the air gap between the signal rotor and pickup
assembly.
Standard value: 0.35 to 0.45 mm (0.0138 to 0.0177 in.)
1EL0054

GASOLINE FUEL SYSTEM
General Description
The fuel pump pulls the fuel from fuel tank. The fuel
flows through filter, which is installed on top of the fuel
tank, to carburetor where the fuel is mixed with air at
the correct ratio. This air and fuel mixture then goes to
the inlet manifold. The air and fuel mixture takes in
heat and is completely changed to vapor as it goes
through the inlet manifold to the combustion chamber
of each cylinder. The fuel pump keeps a supply of fuel
to the carburetor at all conditions of operation and
speeds of operation. The output of the fuel pump is
controlled by the needs of the engine.
G424 Service Manual 58 Gasoline Fuel System

Gasoline Carburetor - Operation
Construction of Carburetor
(1) Float. (2) Front chamber cover. (3) Primary inner venturi. (4) Choke valve. (5) Accelerator pump nozzle. (6) Idle compensator.
(7) Membrane cover. (8) Enrichment jet. (9) Plug. (10) Throttle body. (11) Primary throttle valve. (12) Mixture adjusting screw.
(13) Bypass screw. (14) Primary main jet. (15) Body. (16) Pump inlet ball. (17) Pump lever. (18) Fuel cutoff solenoid.
(19) Pump outlet ball. (20) Primary pilot jet. (21) Valve weight. (22) Needle valve. (23) Fuel screen.
The carburetor is of the two-barrel, downdraft type

which performs well in every engine operation
ranging from slow idle to full speed.

1. Air system
Air passed through the air cleaner flows through the choke
bore and venturi into the clearance of the throttle valve and
supports idle running of the engine.
When engine speed increases to off-idle and more, intake
air is metered by the venturi. Air flow to be fed to the
cylinders is controlled by the throttle valve.
2. Float system
The float maintains a constant fuel level in the float
chamber. Fuel from the fuel tank is pumped out by the fuel
pump and filtered by the strainer. Then, fuel enters the
float chamber through a needle valve.
With entrance of fuel in the float chamber, the float moves
up gradually. At last, the float pushes the needle valve to
shut off the fuel inlet.
When the fuel level lowers, the float moves down and
releases the needle so that the fuel inlet is opened. With
repetition of up-and-down movement of the float, fuel in
Float System the float chamber is kept at an almost constant level during
engine operation.

3. Idle system
This system provides adequate air-fuel-mixture richness of air-fuel-mixture necessary for good idling.
richness for smooth engine running ranging from slow- The bypass screw is for the purpose of adjusting the
idle to light-load operation. flow of primary air-fuel-mixture to the bypass hole so
Fuel from the float chamber is sent through the main as to provide sufficient mixture richness mainly for
jet to the pilot jet where metering of fuel is made. engine operation ranging from “off idling” to a part of
On the other hand, air entering the venturi air leak and medium-load operation.
that entering the pilot air jet No.2 join at the pilot air jet The fuel cutoff solenoid in the idle system functions as
No.1 where metering of air is made. As a result of follows : When the key switch is turned to ON, the
metering, fuel mixes with air and flows through the air- solenoid attracts the needle valve to open the fuel feed
fuel-mixture passage to the pilot outlet. The flow of air- line. When the key switch is turned to OFF, the needle
fuel-mixture is adjusted properly by the bypass screw valve protrudes to cut off the fuel feed line, thus
and enters the air horn through the bypass hole or the preventing spontaneous running of the engine which
pilot outlet. It mixes with the small amount of air that is overheated.
gets past the closed or slightly opened throttle valve.
The final mixture flows into the engine cylinders.
The mixture adjusting screw is used for adjusting the

Idle Compensator Main Metering System
The idle compensator uses a bimetal. When the Fuel metered by the main jet is bled by air from the
carbretor ambient temperature rises during idle or main air jet and enters the bleed pipe through its
“off idle” running, the bimetal bends enough to open holes. The fuel is discharged from the main nozzle
the compensator valve. Now additional air from the and sucked by engine cylinders.
choke bore can flow through the auxiliary air If percolation of fuel arises along the main well,
passage to the intake manifold directly. It leans out gasoline vapor can escape from the main air jet
the mixture enough to make up for the proper through the relatively wide outside of the bleed
richness. pipe. This prevents liquid fuel from spurting from the
main nozzle, thus assuring stable engine operation
and easy restarting.
4. Main metering system
To prevent percolation due to conduction of heat
The wider the throttle valve opens, the faster the air from the engine, sufficient cooling of the float
flow in the venturi and the greater the vacuum in the chamber periphery is taken into consideration in
inner venturi will be. As the vacuum becomes design of the carburetor.
greater, additional fuel is discharged from the main
nozzle.
The main metering system is provided with the
bleed valve press-fitted to the inner venturi and the
main air jet.

5. Enrichment system
Enrichment and Accelerator-Pump systems
The enrichment system provides additional fuel membrane is pushed by the pump lever linked to
feed to the main metering system during high- the throttle valve and forces fuel to flow under
speed large-torque operation. pressure. When the engine is decelerated, the
This system use the membrane (diaphragm) which membrane is pushed back by the spring and the
is actuated by the intake manifold vacuum and pump chamber is refilled with fuel.
membrane spring to open or close the fuel feed Pump delivery decreases with engine speed from
line. which acceleration is starred. It does not deliver fuel
During partial-throttle operation, a large manifold at all when the angle of throttle valve from the idling
vacuum is applied to the vacuum chamber through position exceeds the preset angle.
the vacuum line and acts on the membrane to close
the valve against the membrane spring force. 7. Stating system
When the throttle is opened wide, manifold vacuum
The starting system consists of the choke valve,
decreases.
lever assembly, choke connecting rod, and choke
This allows the membrane spring to open the valve.
operating lever. This system is provided for feeding
Now, more fuel from the float chamber is metered
a very rich air-fuel mixture to the engine when the
by the enrichment jet and can flow through the
engine is started (until the engine warms up) or
valve into the primary main line leading to the main
when a temporary increase of output is needed
metering system.
during engine operation. When the engine is cold,
some throttle opening must be maintained so that
6. Accelerator-pump system
the engine idles faster then it would when warm.
Rapid opening of the throttle for acceleration allows This is done with “fast idle.” With the fast idle, the
a sudden inrush of air. Thus there is a sudden choke valve is closed while the throttle valve is held
demand for additional fuel. To provide this extra at a partially opened position most suitable to
fuel, the accelerator-pump system can feed fuel warming-up run.
immediately under pressure.
Fuel from the inlet check valve is sent to the pump
nozzle through the outlet check valve by
reciprocating movement of the membrane. The fuel
is then injected into the main bore.
When the engine is accelerated quickly, the

6EN1893
Removal steps
1. Return set hose assembly 8. Fuel pipe
2. Oil seal 9. Fuel hose
3. Air horn 10. Fuel pipe
4. Gasket B A 11. Fuel pump
A 5. Carburetor 12. Gasket
6. Air governor 13. Insulator
7. Gasket 14. Push rod

Removal Service Points
A Carburetor removal
(1) Hold the carburetor in a level position while using care not
to let fuel spill, remove it from the intake manifold.
(2) Turn the carburetor upside down on a pan to drain fuel.
B Fuel pump removal

Placing the piston in No.1 cylinder at TDC on the
compression stroke makes the fuel pump stroke lift the
smallest, allowing easy removal of the pump.
Arm pin Arm

Rod spring A Fuel pump installation

Rod Cam shaft (1) Bring the piston in No.1 cylinder to TDC on the
Breather hose Push rod compression stroke. This provides the smallest lift of the
Diaphragm eccentric cam, allowing easy installation of the fuel pump.
spring Pump body
Diaphragm (2) Apply engine oil to the surface of the push rod and insert
Pump cover it into the hole in the cylinder head. Make sure that the
IN OUT push rod sides smoothly.
6EN0841 (3) Install the fuel pump on the cylinder head with the
insulator and a new gasket in between, and tighten the
bolts completely.

Gasoline Carburetor
Disassembly steps
A 1. Throttle return spring
2. Damper spring
A 3. Choke rod
4. Screw
B 5. Float chamber cover
6. Float chamber cover gasket
7. Cover
8. Packing
9. Bimetal
10. O-ring
11. Accelerator wire bracket
C 12. Float pin
C 13. Float
14. Needle valve assembly
15. Packing
16. Filter
C B 17. Weight
C B 18. Ball
D A 19. Main jet
20. Screw
21. Screw
22. Accelerator pump cover
23. Diaphragm
24. Spring
25. Fuel cut solenoid
26. O-ring
27. Enrichment
28. Enrichment jet
29. Speed adjust screw
30. Pilot jet 6En0850
31. Choke lever
32. Spring
33. Main body
34. Insulator gasket
35. Throttle lever
36. Throttle control lever
37. Mixture adjusting screw
38. Throttle body

Service Points of Disassembly
The following parts must not be disassembled at the time of
disassembly.
(1) Choke valve and choke shaft
(2) Inner venturi
(3) Throttle valve and throttle shaft
A Return spring/choke rod removal

(1) When the spring is removed, avoid prying it with undue
force or any other attempt that can cause damage to it.
(2) Press the end of the choke rod to force the rod out. Avoid
applying a strong force to the plastic grommet of the rod
fit-in hole.
B Float chamber cover removal

(1) Since the screws require great force to loosen, use a
Phillips screwdriver that exactly fits in the cross recess in
the screw heads.
(2) To remove the float chamber cover, slowly lift it, while
using care not to give damage to the float. Don’t tilt the
main body, as the pump discharge weight and the related
parts may come out and could be lost.
6EN0851
C Pump weight/ball
Turn the main body upside down to remove the weight and
ball.
Main jet D Main jet removal

To remove the main jet, be sure to use a screwdriver whose
tip exactly fits in the slot of the jet.
6EN0852

Inspection
1. General Inspection
Check the following and repair or replace parts if faulty.

(1) Check fuel passages (jets) and air passages (jets or
orifices) for clogging. If clogged, wash thoroughly with
cleaning solvent or detergent and remove dirt by
compressed air. Do not use wire or other metal pieces.
(2) Check diaphragms, O-rings and springs for damage and
cracks.
(3) Check that needle valve operates lightly. If the valve is
hard to operate or is binding, repair or replace. If there is
overflow, poor valve to seat contact is suspected. Check
thoroughly.
(4) Check the fuel inlet filter (located above the needle valve)
for clogging and damage.
(5) Check the float operation. Check float and lever for
deformation and damage and replace if necessary.
(6) Check operation of the throttle valve, choke valve and
link. If they do not operate lightly, wash well and apply
engine oil sparelingly to their shaft.
(7) Check the float chamber cover and main body for
damage and cracks.
2. Fuel Cut Solenoid Valve Operation Check

(1) Connect the battery directly to the body and terminal of
the fuel cut solenoid valve to apply the voltage.
Caution: Use care not to short-circuit the battery.
(2) Listen to a click which should be heard when the valve

12V
operates normally at the moment the battery is
connected.
6EN0853
3. Fuel Cut Solenoid Valve Resistance Check

Measure the resistance between the body and the terminal of
the fuel cut solenoid valve with a tester.
Standard value:
Approx. 90Ω [at 20°C (68°F)]
6EN0854

4. Inspection of Mixture Adjusting Screw (MAS)
Check tapered end of mixture adjusting screw (MAS) for
damage from over tightening, etc.
Check for damage
6EN1888
5. Throttle Body Check

Make sure that the throttle shaft moves smoothly. If any sticky
movement is found, thoroughly clean the shaft, and then coat
it with a small amount of engine oil. Do not disassemble the
shaft unnecessarily.
6EN0855
Service Points of Reassembly

For reassembly, reverse the order of disassembly while
paying much attention to the following:
(1) Clean every parts with clear cleaning oil before
reassembly. Check all passages for clogging.
(2) Replace all the removed packings and gaskets.
(3) Make sure the throttle and choke linkage operates
smoothly. If any sticky movement is found, clean or
replace the linkage, and make sure that the carburetor
operates without any problem.
Main jet A Installation of main jets

(1) When replacing a main jet, the oil jet and the new jet must
be of the same size, because the jet is selected after
exact flow measurement by factory. (A size symbol is
stamped on each jet.)
6EN0852

(2) Main jets have size symbols stamped on their ends for
identification.
Size symbols : 132.5
132.5
Size symbol
6EN0869
Weight B Check ball/weight installation

Check ball Install the acceleration check ball and weight.
C Float/float pin installation

After the float and float pin have been installed, make sure
that the float is in a level position.
6EN0856
• Strangler spring setting positions

Hole A
Spring
3rd Stage If the strangler spring of the choke valve shaft is out of
Setting
Positions position, set it correctly in the positions shown in the
2nd stage illustration.
Hole B
1st stage
Hole C
6EN0858

Choke shaft Inspection and Adjustment After Reassembly
Choke lever
1. Fast Idle Opening

(1) Move the choke lever to place the choke valve in fully
closed position.
6EN0859
(2) Measure the clearance “A” (primary throttle valve to

Primary throttle
valve
throttle bore).
NOTE: Refer to the table in SERVICE SPECIFICATIONS for

the clearance.
Clearance “A”
(drill bit diameter)
6EN1889
(3) If the clearance “A” is out of specifications, adjust to the

standard value by the fast idle adjusting screw.
Fastidle
adjusting
screw
Screw direction Clearance Remarks
of rotation
Clockwise Increases Fast idle speed
increases
Counterclockwise Decreases Fast idle speed
6E0860 decreases
2. Choke valve Operation

(1) With the choke valve lever set to its full position, move the
choke valve with a finger to make sure that the choke
valve shaft has not an excessive play and the valve
moves smoothly without sticking.
(2) If the choke valve can not be moved smoothly, clean the
choke valve and the area around it.
(3) If the play of the choke valve shaft is excessive, replace
the float chamber cover.

3. Ports
(1) Connect a hand vacuum pump and check each port for
clogging.
(2) If clogged, clean the port and then blow air into it.
6EN0861

LP FUEL SYSTEM
General Description
Electric Fuelock Model 3 6 7 2

.
2 3
1
1
4
5 IDES061P
5
6
LP Fuel System Components
7 (1) Converter. (2) Fuelock. (3) Carburetor.
(4) Coolant ontlet line
(5) Coolant inlet line. (6) Balance hose.
(7) LP fuel line to carburetor
IDES062S
engine coolant that flows in line (5) and out line (4).
LP Fuel System Components Carburetor vacuum activates the converters operation
and the fuel flows to the carburetor through line (7).
The basic components of this liquid petroleum (LP) From carburetor (3), the vapor fuel goes through the
fuel system are: the fuel tank, the fuel filter and relief inlet manifold to the combustion chamber of the
valve, fuelock (2), converter (1) and carburetor (3). engine. In the combustion chamber, the spark made
by the spark plug will "ignite" (cause to burn) this
Liquid fuel is sent to fuelock (2) by the pressure in the vapor. Balance hose (6) keeps the correct air and fuel
fuel tank, which is approximately 1030 kPa (150 psi). mixture in the carburetor when there is some
Fuelock (2) permits fuel flow to the converter when restriction in the air cleaner.
electrically activated by the oil pressure switch. LP fuel
flows into converter (1), which changes the fuel to a
vapor. The fuel receives heat in the converter from the
G424 Service Manual 73 LPG Fuel System

Electric Fuelock Converter
Fuelock (2) is electrically activated by an oil pressure
2 3
switch. When the engine is stopped, or if the engine oil 4
1 5
pressure gets lower than the pressure for operation,
the oil pressure switch will open. When the oil
pressure switch opens, it will close the fuelock, which 6
stops the supply of fuel to the converter.
Fuel Filter
8
IDES064P
8
Converter Components
(1) LP fuel inlet opening. (2) Primary regulator valve.
(3) Primary valve pin. (4) Fulcrum.
(5) Primary diaphragm with lever. (6) Cover.
(7) Secondary diaphragm. (8) LP fuel outlet opening.
IDES063P
10
9
Fuel Filter
(8) Fuel filter.
1
On electric fuelock models, fuel filter (8) is mounted
near the fuel tank. It cleans the fuel before it gets to 12
the fuelock and converter.
2
IDES065P 1
Converter Vaporized Chamber

(1) LP fuel inlet opening. (2) Primary regulator valve.
(9) Vaporizing chamber. (10) Vapor fuel outlet opening.
(11) Coolant outlet opening. (12) Coolant inlet opening.
3
13
14
8
IDES066P
Converter Primary Components
(3) Primary valve pin. (8) LP fuel outlet opening.
(13) Primary regulator spring. (14) Sensing opening.

The converter is a combination regulator and The vaporizing chamber decreases LP fuel pressure
vaporizer. It receives liquid fuel through opening (1) at from the tank to less than atmospheric pressure.
tank pressure from the fuelock. The fuel is available This expansion of the pressurized liquid fuel into
inside converter vaporizing chamber (9) when vapor, can result in freezing. The heat from the engine
carburetor vacuum is felt in converter opening (8). coolant increases the temperature of the fuel in
When vacuum is not available at the fuelock or vaporizing chamber (9) from approximately -42°C (-44
opening (8), primary valve pin (3) puts force on °F) to +2 °C (+40 °F)
primary regulator valve (2) that makes a seat against
an inner passage for the fuel inlet. The pin action is
Fuel Tank
controlled by primary diaphragm with lever (5) and
cover (6). Primary spring (13) is in compression when
vacuum is not available.
15
P0002915
LP Fuel Tank
16
IDES067P The fuel tank is made of heavy steel. The specific size
Converter Secondary Components of the tank is measured by the design of the lift truck,
(1) LP fuel inlet opening. (15) Secondary lever assembly. desired period of time the lift truck is to be operated
(16) Secondary regulator seat. before the tank has to be filled and how near an
available supply of fuel is.
When the engine is running, the solenoid on the
fuelock allows fuel to flow from the fuelock to
converter opening (1). Vacuum is felt through
LP Relief Valve
converter opening (8) from the carburetor. This vacuum
pulls in secondary diaphragm (7) with the diaphragm
link, which moves secondary lever assembly (15). The
secondary lever assembly moves secondary regulator
seat (16) that opens fuel flow passage in chamber (9).
At the same time, the vacuum flows through sensing
opening (14) that causes primary diaphragm with lever
(5) to pull in. This causes the diaphragm lever to make
a pivot on cover (6) fulcrum (pivot point) (4). Primary
valve pin (3) moves away from primary regulator valve
(2) with the assistance of primary regulator spring
(13). P0002917
When primary regulator valve (2) is off its seat, fuel is Relief Valve
permitted to flow into vaporizing chambers (9). The
fuel flows around and through the passages of the
When the pressure in the LP fuel system gets too high,
vaporizing chambers while the heat through the
the relief valve releases the pressure to the
converter body is being taken in by the fuel which
atmosphere. The action of the relief valve prevents
causes fuel to vaporize. The heat is a product of the
damage to the fuel lines and other components of the
engine coolant that goes in opening (12) and out
fuel system. The position of the valve is in a direction
opening (11). The flow of vapor fuel goes out
that the fuel will not get on the operator when the valve is
opening (10) in the converter body, activated by open
activated.
secondary regulator seat (16) to fuel outlet opening
(8), through the fuel line to the carburetor.

Carburetor valve (2) measures the air flow that goes into the
engine, respective to the demands of the engine and
throttle valve (10) position.
The air pressure drop of 1.3 to 2.7 kPa (0.2 to 0.4 psi)
1 2 3 4 5 is controlled by metering spring (4) which permits the
force necessary to pull in the fuel into the air flow. LP
gas metering valve (6) is connected to the air valve
and lets in the correct amount of fuel from the LP
6 converter to mix with the air at any opening of the air
valve.
7
The carburetor is equipped with two limited mixture
adjustments. Idle air screw (1) directs atmosphere
8 (air) around the opening of air valve (2). As the idle air
screw is adjusted open, the air valve loses a little more
and causes the gas metering valve to close. The result
will be less fuel in the mixture at idle. The second
adjustment is power mixture adjustment (7). It controls
the fuel mixture when gas metering valve (6) is fully in
the up position. This adjustment is done only when the
9 10
engine is at a load condition. A CO meter or exhaust
IDES070S
analyzer is used for the power mixture adjustment.
This adjustment has no effect at idle or in the light load
LP Fuel Carburetor Schematic
range.
(1) Idle air screw. (2) Air valve. (3) Diaphragm.
(4) Metering spring. (5) Passage. (6) LP gas metering valve.
(7) Power mixture adjustment. (8) Carburetor. (9) Piston.
(10) Throttle valve.
Lift trucks with LP (Liquid Petroleum) fuel system use

an air valve type of carburetor (8). The operation of the
carburetor controls the fuel mixture flow into the
engine with the movement of throttle valve (10) and
mixes the air flow with the LP fuel flow.
The air flow is measured by the operation of air valve
(2) in the carburetor bowl. The stronger the air flow
through the carburetor, the higher the air valve moves
up. LP gas metering valve (6) is connected directly to
air valve (2). As the air valve moves up, LP gas
metering valve (6) also moves up. LP gas metering
valve (6) is shaped to let in the correct amount of LP
gas at any height related to air valve (2) upper
movement. The air valve activates a pressure drop
which gives a very high metering force (measured
suction) to the fuel that flows in the carburetor at low
engine speeds and it permits easy starting. At full
engine speeds, the air valve is at the top of its upper
movement. The valve then becomes an inverted (up
side down) venturi and will let a large amount of air
pass through.
When starting the engine, the intake stroke of piston
(9) causes lower than atmosphere pressure (vacuum)
in the carburetor. The vacuum is felt through passage
(5) in air valve (2) and in the upper side of diaphragm
(3). As a result, the atmospheric pressure flows in the
carburetor and pushes up on the diaphragm.
Diaphragm (3) is lifted against the down pressure of
metering spring (4). The vacuum that is felt on
diaphragm (3) is variable according to engine speed
and the position of throttle valve (10) opening. Air

Tests or Adjustments 1. Make sure the setting for ignition timing is correct.
Adhere to the following warnings when performing any See Ignition Timing.
tests or adjustments while the engine is running.
2. Connect the Electrical System Analyzer as shown in
Engine RPM Check in the Testing And Adjusting.
WARNING 3. Start and run the engine until the engine reaches
normal operating temperature.
Work carefully around an engine that is running.
Engine parts that are hot, or parts that are moving, 4. Adjust screw (1) to get the correct low idle speed.
can cause personal injury.
5. Check low idle speed. The Correct low idle
speed is: .........................................700 L 25 rpm.
WARNING
Idle Mixture Adjustment
Exhaust fumes contain carbon monoxide (CO)
which can cause personal injury or death. Start
and operate the engine in a well ventilated area
only. In an enclosed area, vent the exhaust to the
outside.
NOTE: The governor and accelerator linkage

adjustments for the LP Fuel System are the same as
2
those for the Gasoline Fuel System. For Governor and
Accelerator Linkage Adjustments, see Gasoline Fuel
System in the Testing And Adjusting.
P0004816
Mixture Adjustment.
Carburetor Adjustment (2) Idle mixture Screw
Low Idle Speed Adjustment 1. Connect the Electrical System Analyzer to read
engine rpm.
2. Check to be sure the ignition timing is set correctly.
3. Run the engine until normal operating temperature

is reached.
4. Check to be sure the low idle speed is set correctly.
5. Turn idle mixture screw (2) clockwise or

1 counterclockwise to obtain the maximum smooth
rpm.
P0004816
6. Check and readjust (if required) the low idle speed
Low Idle Speed Adjustment again.
(1) Idle speed screw.

Power Mixture Adjustment CO Meter Method
The method of adjustment depends upon the test The power mixture adjustment must be done with the
equipment that is available. The power mixture can be engine in a load condition. A CO meter or exhaust ana-
adjusted using a CO meter, vacuum gauge or electri- lyzer testing equipment must be used to measure the
cal system analyzer. The CO meter method is the pre- CO content in the exhaust fumes. To adjust the power
ferred method for reduced emissions. The vacuum mixture, turn knob either toward the "L" (lean) or "R"
gauge method is the next most accurate method if CO (rich) fuel flow mixture for a 1.0 to 1.5 percent CO indi-
measuring equipment is not available. The engine cation on the test equipment. Start the adjustment with
speed method is the easiest but least accurate knob in the middle position.
method.
NOTE: A lift truck, that does not operate with a heavy
load all the time, can operate efficiently with a leaner
power mixture setting (less than 1.0 to 1.5 percent
CO). This is because the truck will not be in operation
L constantly in a load condition for a long period of time.
During heavy load and high speed conditions the lift
truck requires a richer power mixture setting (1.0 to 1.5
R percent CO).
Vacuum Gauge Method
1. Connect the vacuum gauge to the intake manifold.

Start and run the engine until normal operating tem-
perature is reached.
2. Run the engine at high idle. Turn power mixture
Power Mixture Adjustment
knob to the middle position.
(3) Power mixture knob
3. Put a load on the engine by operating the hydraulic
Engine Speed Method system.
4. Monitor the vacuum gauge reading. Turn power
1. Connect the Electrical System Analyzer to read
mixture adjustment knob toward the "L" (lean) posi-
engine rpm.
tion, until the vacuum starts to drop. The correct
mixture is the point at which the vacuum starts to
2. Check to be sure the ignition timing is set correctly.
drop.
3. Run the engine until normal operating temperature
is reached.
4. Turn the power mixture knob (3) midway between

lean (L) and rich (R).
5. Accelerate the engine to high idle rpm. Put a load

on engine by holding the tilt cylinder against relief.
6. Turn the power mixture knob toward lean (L) until

engine rpm drops.
7. Turn the power mixture knob toward rich (R) until

the rpm recover.
8. The correct mixture will be that setting just before

the engine rpm drops.

Fuel System Leak Check Inner Fuel System Leak Check
Outer Fuel System Leak Check

2 3
1
WARNING
LP gas is highly flammable. To prevent personal

injury, keep fire and flammable materials away from
the lift truck when work is done on the fuel system.
Combustion gases from LP gas fuel system can be a

danger. To find LP gas leaks, use soap and water
solution or other foaming bubble solvent around fuel 4
line connections and on other components that
possibly cause LP gas leaks. The soap and water
method is the best, use this method after repair
completion on the fuel system or after the fuel system
has been connected together again. IDES105S
Inner Fuel System Leakage Check (Electric Fuelock).

(1) Converter. (2) Fuelock. (3) Carburetor cover.
(4) Primer button.
Fuel Filter Check
An indication of a dirty fuel filter that needs

replacement is when frost (freezing vapor) is seen on
the filter housing or the housing is very cold to touch.
A dirty filter causes a fuel pressure drop across the
filter, the fuel becomes a vapor and freezes. In this
condition, engine power output decreases because of
the lesser fuel flow. To replace the filter, see the
Operation & Maintenance Manual for the respective
model.

Converter Leak Test
6 7
To check the converter for leakage after repair, do the
procedure that follows:
8 9 1. Put a plug in the fuel outlet openings.
10 2. Put compressed air in the fuel inlet openings, up to

a maximum of 725 kPa (120 psi).
3. Wait ten minutes and then check the converter or

IDES106P
fuelock for air leaks. Listen for air to come out
Carburetor Components (Carburetor Shown Removed For around gaskets or seals.
Better Illustration)
(6) Spring. (7) Backup plate and diaphragm. (8) Air valve ring. (9) 4. If there are no air leaks, then the converter is good.
Air-gas valve assembly. (10) Inner carburetor body.
5. If air does come out, then the converter will have to

1. Remove carburetor cover (3), spring (6), backup be disassembled to find the problem.
plate and diaphragm (7), air valve ring (8) and
airgas valve assembly (9).
2. Slowly turn the LP fuel ON at the tank. Recommendation For LP Fuel

Systems
3. Check the inlet fuel jet for fuel flow (leakage) in
carburetor body (10). In freezing temperature conditions run the engine at
fast idle until the engine coolant temperature is
4. If the operation of fuelock (2) and converter (1) are between 10 to 16˚C (50˚F to 60˚F). A low idle in cold
correct, there will be no fuel flow. temperature conditions can damage the engine
because of poor circulation of the engine oil. Running
5. If there is fuel flow, the leakage problem must be the engine to move the lift truck short distances and
found either in the fuelock or the converter. then stopping the engine without the coolant being
heated can cause the LP fuel to be trapped (cannot be
6. Push in primer button (4) on the converter to open released) in the converter. As this trapped fuel
the converter fuel regulator valve. changes to a vapor with the engine stopped, this
change causes too much pressure in the converter.
7. A small amount of fuel will flow through the The force from the pressure is put on the primary
carburetor inlet fuel jet as the fuel from fuelock (2) regulator valve against its seat. If this occurs often, the
flows out of the hose. primary regulator valve in the vaporized area of the
converter will be damaged.
8. If the operation of fuelock (2) is correct, the fuel flow
will stop as soon as the system is empty.

LP Converter - Check, Clean
Test LP-Gas Converter
1. Obtain a test kit.
2. Start engine.
3. Close the liquid outlet valve in the fuel storage

container.
4. Run engine out of fuel.
5. Install the 0-30kPa (0-5 psi) gauge in the primary

test port. Secondary
Primary Test Port
Test Port
6.. Install the 0-2.5kPa (0-10 in H O) gauge in the
2
secondary test port. LP-Gas Converter

7. Slowly open the liquid outiet valve in the fuel Inspect Converter for Oil Accumulation
storage container.
8. Start the engine. 1. Start engine.

9. Operate the engine at idle, part throttle and full 2. Close the liquid outlet valve in the fuel storage
load. container
10. Observe readings on both gauges. 3. Run engine out of fuel.
11. The primary gauge reading should be 4. Remove the regulator secondary cover.
approximately 10.3kPa (1.5 psi). 5. Remove secondary diaphragm.
12. The secondary gauge should read 6. Remove any concentrations of oil from the
approximately negative0.1kPa (0.5 in H O) to2
secondary chamber with soap and warm water.
negative 2.5kPa (10 in H O).2
7. If required, replace them with LP converter

13. If readings are out of specification, as required. service kit.
8. Apply anti-seize compound to screw threads.
9. Re-assemble regulator in reverse order.
10. Slowly open the liquid outlet valve in the fuel
storage container.
11. Start engine.
12. Perform leak test.

Disassembly & Assembly
LPG Carburetor
Remove & Install LP Gas Carburetor
6EN1890
Removal steps
1. Throttle return spring 6. Throttle body
2. Accel wire assembly 7. Carburetor gasket
3. Return spring support 8. Air governor
4. LPG carburetor 9. Air governor gasket
5. Throttle chamber gasket 10. Fuel pump cover

Disassemble LP Gas Carburetor 9
Start By: 10
a. Remove LP Gas Carburetor.
11
2
8
P0004825
4. Remove power mixture screw (8), idle mixture

screw (9) and the spring. Remove four screws
(10).
P0004821 Remove throttle body assembly (11) and the
gasket.
1. Remove four screws (1) and cover (2).
12
3 P0003003
P0004822
5. Remove gasket (12).

2. Remove spring (3). Remove diaphragm assembly
(4).
5
5
6 16
6
14 13
15
7
P0004829
P0003001 6. Remove nut (13).
3. Remove four screws (5), backup plate (6), 7. Loosen the bolt and remove stop (16).
diaphragm (7) and the air valve ring from the inner 8. Remove two screws (14). Remove throttle plate
carburetor body. (15).
9. Remove shaft assembly (17) from the throttle
body.

Assemble LP Gas Carburetor LP Gas Fuelock
Remove & Install LP Gas Fuelock
16
14 13
15
P0004829 3
2
1. Check all parts for damage. Replace damaged
parts with new as necessary.
P0002926
2. Make sure all parts are clean and free of dirt and
foreign material.
1. Disconnect fuel lines (1).
3. Put throttle shaft (17) in position in the throttle
2. Disconnect wire (2).
body, and install stop lever (16).
3. Remove fuelock (3).
4. Put throttle plate (15) in position and install the two
screws.
NOTE: For the installation of the LP gas fuelock,
reverse the removal steps.
5. Assemble in reverse order of disassembly.
Apply loctite PST or equivalent to fuelock pipe
threads before installation.
NOTE : Air valve diaphragm must be oriented with
position mark pointing toward LPG inlet.
6. See Testing & Adjusting for proper test and adjust

procedures.
End By:
a. Install LP Gas Carburetor.

LP Gas Converter Disassembly of LP Gas Converter
Remove & Install LP Gas Converter
Start by : Remove LP Gas Fuelock. 1
1
3
2
IDED048P
1. Remove six screws (1), cover (2), and diaphragm

(3) from the converter.
3 2
P0004817
4
1. Remove lines (1). 5
2. Remove two bolts and nut (2).
3. Remove LP gas converter (3).
NOTE : For the installation of the LP gas converter,

6
reverse the removal steps.
IDED049P
NOTE : When you assemble the elbow on LP
converter, the elbow must be installed on the
converter, keeping the minimum distance shown in the 2. Remove screw (4), secondary lever (5), the seat,
figure, to prevent contact with the secondary the pin and the spring (6).
diaphragm.
6.1 mm
8
Minimum 9
IDED050P
3. Turn the converter body around, remove the seven

screws (7), back cover (8), and the diaphragm (9).

10
IDED051P
4. Remove spring and plunger (10) from the

intermediate cover.
13
11
12
IDED052P
1. Screw (6)
5. Remove intermediate cover (11), diaphragm (12)
2. Cover Assembly, Secondary
and the secondary regulator valve (13).
3. Diaphragm Assembly, Secondary
Inspection, Assembly of LP Gas Converter 4. Screw,
1. Clean primary and secondary valves with soap and 5. Lever, Secondary
warm water and inspect for wear. Replace if
6. Pin, Secondary Fulcrum
required.
7. Seat, Secondary
2. Clean primary and secondary diaphragms with
soap and warm water and inspect for wear. 8. Spring
Inspect primary diaphragm lever for straightness. 9. Body Assembly With Jet
Replace if required.
10. Screw (2)
3. Alwasy replace the coolant chamber gasket. 11. Gasket, Body To Body Cover Plate
4. Clean regulator castings with parts cleaning colvent 12. Pin, Valve Primary
and inspect. It is very rare for the castings to require
13. Plate, Body Cover
replacement.
14. Plug
5. Reassemble regulator.
15. Spring, Primary
6. Use an anti-seize compound on screws.
16. E Ring, External
7. Use an approved pipe sealant on fittings.
17. Diaphragm Assembly, Primary
NOTE: For assembly of the LP gas converter reverse 18. Cover, Primary
the disassembly steps. 19. Screw (7)

LPG FUEL SYSTEM (LOW EMISSION VERSION)
General Description
Air cleaner
(MAP)
Schematic of G424 LP fuel system (low emission version)
G242 LP engine (Low Emission Version) is different regulate the air/fuel mixtures, correcting for proper
from standard G424 LP engine. To reduce emission of air/fuel. The fuel control valve (FCV) meters air valve
exhaust gas, closed loop carburetion system and vacuum (AVV) into the atmospheric reference side of
catalytic muffler are applied to low emission version the secondary regulator diaphragm. The atmospheric
G424 LP engine. reference vent orifice allows for the controlled
depletion of the vacuum over the diaphragm, this
Catalytic muffler reduces the emission level in the assists the dynamic response of the diaphragm.
exhaust gas. In order to obtain maximum effect from
the catalyst, an accurate control of the air fuel ratio is
required. The engine controller uses an exhaust gas
oxygen sensor (EGO) in the exhaust system to send
information about exhaust gas conent to the controller.
The controller then calculates any correction that may
need to be made to the air fuel ratio. The controller
makes these corrections to the air fuel ratio by
manipulating the inlet fuel pressure to the carburetor
through the fuel control valve (FCV). Reducing the fuel
pressure leans the air/fuel mixfure. Increasing the fuel
pressure richens the air/fuel mixture.
The controller uses engine exhaust gas oxygen
sensors (EGO), engine speed (tachometer signal) and
manifold absolute pressure sensors (MAP), to
G424 Service Manual 87 LPG Fuel System(Low Emission Version)

FUELOCK LP LP
GOVERNER
VALVE CONVERTER CARBURETOR
MUFFLER ENGINE
Open-loop LP Carburetion System : G424 LP engine
TACHO FUEL
SENSOR CONTROL
VALVE
ENGINE
INTAKE CONTROL
BOOST UNIT
(ECU)
OXYGEN
SENSOR
FUELOCK LP LP
GOVERNER
VALVE CONVERTER CARBURETOR
CATALYTIC
ENGINE
MUFFLER
Closed-loop LP Carburetion System : G424 LP engine (low emission version)

LP Carburetor ports (9) in the air valve (3). A pressure / force
imbalance begins to build across the air valve
(Variable Venturi) diaphragm (5) between the air valve vacuum chamber
(8) and atmospheric pressure below the diaphragm
The variable venturi air/fuel mixer is mounted in the (10).
intake air stream between the air cleaner and the
intake manifold. The design of the main section As the negative pressure in the air valve vacuum
incorporates a cylindrical bore through the center (1) chamber (8) reaches setting value of water column the
and a gas discharge jet (2). Incorporated into the inlet air valve (3) begins to lift against the pressure of the
of the mixer bore is the air valve (3), tapered gas calibrated air valve metering spring (6) .The amount of
metering valve (4), air valve diaphragm (5) and negative pressure generated is a direct result of
calibrated air valve metering spring (6). The gas valve throttle position and the amount of air flowing through
(4) is permanently attached to the air valve (3) with a the mixer into the engine. As the air valve (3) rises it
face seal mounted in between the two parts (the air- lifts the tapered gas metering valve (4) off its seat and
gas valve assembly is mounted in the center of and exposes the gas discharge jet (2) to the negative
supported by the diaphragm). When the engine is not pressure signal generated within the mixer bore.
running this face seal creates a gas tight seal against This allows the negative pressure signal to travel to
the gas discharge jet (2), with the downward force of the secondary vacuum chamber of the pressure
the calibrated air valve spring (6). A throttle valve (7) is regulator and operate the regulator. I he profile of the
incorporated into the carburetor assembly. tapered gas valve (4), in conjunction with the regulator
spring, meters out the desired A/F ratio.
8 6 A/F mixture at idle is adjusted with a tapered idle

9 3
screw (not shown) which is capped at production and
5 10
cannot be adjusted. A/F ratio at maximum load is
limited by the fixed main mixture jet (11), which is
4 2 sized for the application.
In addition the assembly includes two manifold
sensors, one for switching the ECU control (13)
1 depending on engine load, and the other for operating
11 a lock-off solenoid (14). In addition the unit is fitted
12 with a precisely controlled vacuum port (12) to allow
control of ignition timing by vacuum load control.
7
13
14
1. Mixer bore
2. Gas discharge jet
3. Air valve
4. Gas valve
5. Air valve diaphragm
6. Air valve spring
7. Throttle valve
8. Air valve vacuum chamber
9. Vacuum transfer ports
10. Atmospheric pressure
11. Fixed main mixture jet
12. Vacuum port
13. Vacuum switch (MAP)
14. Vacuum switch
As the engine is started it begins to draw in air. Since

the air valve (3) is covering the inlet to the mixer bore
a negative pressure begins to build. This negative
pressure signal is communicated to the air valve
vacuum chamber (8) through four vacuum transfer

Vacuum Switch (MAP) Vacuum Switch
1. Electrical
1. Electrical
2. Vacuum port
2. Vacuum port
3. Main body
3. Main body
The vacuum switch is a simple direct acting contact
The vacuum switch is a simple diaphragm unit,
pressure switch, consisting of a main body (3), an
consisting of a main body (3) housing a
electrical connector with two pins (1) and a vacuum
diaphragm/spring, two electrical connectors (1) and a
port connection (2).
vacuum port connection (2).
The unit is normally open (i.e. the electrical connectors
The unit is normally open (i.e the electrical connectors
(1) are not common) when no vacuum is applied to the
(1) are not common) when no vacuum is applied to the
vacuum port (2).
vacuum port (2).
When vacuum is applied to the port (2) unit respponds
When vacuum is applied (see specification for limits)
and closes the electriccal contacts (1) so that current
to the port (2) the diaphragm/spring in the body (3)
may pass.
responds and closes the electrical contacts (1) so that
current may pass.

LP Converter chamber and the primary atmospheric chamber (18)
This causes the primary diaphragm and lever
assembly (9) to pivot (10) against primary spring (3)
pressure, raising primary valve pin (11), closing off the
15 16 primary valve (2). Since fuel pressure falls from tank
14
8 17 7 pressure, a liquid liquefied petroleum gas evaporates.
As this phase change occurs the fuel takes on heat
2
13 from the primary heat exchanger chamber of the
1 regulator (4). This heat is replaced by engine coolant,
which is piped through passage (12) in the heat
exchanger section of the regulator. Fuel will not flow
11 through the regulator to the carburetor until a negative
3 pressure signal is received. When the engine is
10 cranking or running, a negative pressure signal is
generated by the carburetor. This negative pressure
5
signal is communicated to the fuel outlet (13) and the
6 9
12
18 regulator secondary vacuum chamber (14). The
negative pressure signal acts upon the lower side of
the secondary diaphragm (15) causing a pressure /
1. Fuel inlet force imbalance across the diaphragm between the
2. Primary valve secondary vacuum chamber (14) and the secondary
3. Primary spring atmospheric vent chamber (16). When the negative
4. Primary heat exchanger chamber pressure signal reaches negative setting value the
pressure force imbalance overcomes the secondary
5. Pressure transfer port
spring force (8) and the secondary diaphragm (9)
6. Primary diaphragm chamber
moves downward. As the secondary diaphragm
7. Secondary valve moves it causes the secondary lever (l7) to pivot and
8. Secondary spring lift the secondary valve (7) off its seat allowing fuel to
9. Primary diaphragm flow from the primary heat exchanger chamber (4)
10. Primary pivot through the secondary chamber (14) and to the
11. Primary pin carburetor. Since fuel has now exited the primary heat
12. Coolant passage exchanger chamber (4) the pressure in the chamber
will drop, allowing the primary valve (2) to re-open.
13. Fuel outlet
Whilst fuel is flowing, the calibrated secondary spring
14. Secondary vacuum chamber
(8) will maintain a relatively constant pressure in the
15. Secondary diaphragm secondary vacuum chamber (14) and the amount of
16. Secondary atmospheric vent chamber fuel flowing will vary depending on how far the
17. Secondary lever secondary valve (7) opens in response to the negative
18. Primary atmospheric chamber pressure signal generated by the carburetor.
For closed loop control, the secondary atmospheric
Fuel (Propane Liquid), at tank pressure enters the vent chamber (16) is connected to AVV via a fuel
regulator through the fuel inlet port (1). Propane liquid control valve, thus varying the secondary vacuum
then flows through the primary valve (2), which is held chamber pressure (14) in response to a pulse width
normally open by the primary spring (3), and into the modulated signal provided to the fuel control valve.
primary heat exchanger chamber of the regulator (4).
A small transfer port (5) connects the primary heat
exchanger chamber and the primary diaphragm
chamber(6).
The secondary valve (7) at the outlet of the primary
heat exchanger chamber (4) is held normally closed
by the secondary spring (8). Therefore the pressure in
the primary heat exchanger chamber (4) and the
primary diaphragm chamber (6) begins to rise from
atmospheric pressure. When the pressure in the
primary heat exchanger chamber (4) and primary
diaphragm chamber (6) reaches setting value it
causes a pressure/force imbalance across the primary
diaphragm (9) between the primary heat exchanger

Fuel Control Valve Fuel Lock - Off
3 2
1 4
6EV2142
6EN2139
1. Carburetor AVV port connection

2. Vaporizer secondary vent chamber connection 1. Solenoid coil
3. Electrical connectors 2. Fuel inlet connection
4. Balance line connection 3. Fuel outlet connection
4. Electrical connector
The fuel control valve is a three way valve, operated
by a pulse width modulated electronic signal applied to The fuel lock-off unit is a direct acting plunger style
the electrical connectors (3) by the fuel system ECU. unit. Fuel is provided to the fuel inlet connection (2)
With no voltage supplied, the vaporizer secondary and passes into the fitter housing, and through the
vent chamber connection (2) port is connected to the fitter. With no electrical signal applied to the electrical
balance line connection (4) port and in this state the connector (4) the unit is normally closed via spring
pressure in the balance (4) pressure signal is pressure inside the coil stem acting on the valve seat.
transferred via (2) to the vaporizer and the carburetor When power is provided to the electrical connector (4),
AVV port (1) is blocked. When a signal is provided to the coil (1) is energized and lifts the plunger inside the
the electrical connectors (3) the valve opens and coil stem against spring pressure, and allows fuel to
connects the vaporizer secondary atmospheric vent flow to the fuel outlet (3).
chamber port (2) with the carburetor will provide a
vacuum signal (AVV) which is therefore ‘pulsed’, into
the vaporizer secondary chamber when port (1) and
(2) are connected (i.e when the valve is energized).

Engine Control Unit (ECU)
6EV2149
In order to obtain maximum emission reductions from cycle at a constant rate. This decreases the flow of air
the exhaust gas catalyst, accurate control of the valve vacuum (AVV) through the FCV to the
engines operating air fuel ratio (AFR) is required. The secondary reference chamber of the fuel pressure
engine control unit (ECU) uses input from three regulator (sometimes referred to as a vaporizer). This
sources: excess oxygen information from the exhaust vacuum is depleted at a relatively constant rate via a
gas oxygen sensor (EGO), ignition pulses (engine vent orifice referenced to atmospheric pressure,
RPM) and intake manifold pressure (high or low). This resulting in a pressure balance proportional to FCV
input is used to apply a duty cycle and a rate of duty cycle and vent orifice size. The lower flow through
change of that duty cycle to the fuel control valve the FCV results in a higher overall chamber Pressure.
(FCV). The duty cycle of the FCV has a direct effect on Which results in a higher fuel pressure to the
the AFR metered by the carburetor and burned by the carburetor and a richer AFR. If the duty cycle
engine. ECU algorithms are calibrated for a balance of continues to lower longer than a calibrated number of
optimal engine emissions, drive-ability, power and fuel engine revolutions without an EGO switch, a different
consumption. calibration is selected resulting in higher rate of duty
Within the ECU closed-loop algorithms there are two cycle change until EGO switch.
sets of calibration tables, one for high and one for low The calibration tables determine the step size, rate of
manifold pressure. The proper table is selected based duty cycle change and the number of engine
on the input from the mechanical calibration of the revolutions without an EGO before going to higher
manifold pressure switch used. Each of the two tables rate.
contains sixteen columns corresponding to sixteen
engine RPM operating ranges. The proper column is If the EGO voltage is above .5 V, considered a rich
selected based on engine rpm. These columns each condition, the controller steps FCV duty cycle to a
have eight calibrations that affect the rate of duty cycle higher value, then begins increasing the FCV duty
change and allow duty cycle stepping after EGO cycle at a constant rate. This increases the flow of AVV
voltage crosses the .5 V threshold. The duty cycle through the FCV to the secondary reference chamber
stepping is used for AFR biasing and for rapid of the fuel pressure regulator. The higher flow through
recovery during transient operation. EGO voltage and the FCV results in a lower overall chamber pressure,
time since last EGO switch (across the .5 V threshold) which results in a lower fuel pressure to the carburetor
determine the column calibration to apply to the rate of and a leaner AFR. If the duty cycle continues to lower
duty cycle change. There are additional calibrations longer than a calibrated number of engine revolutions
for FCV duty cycle at cold EGO startup and for the without an EGO switch, a different calibration is
number of ignition inputs per engine revolution. selected resulting in higher rate of duty cycle change
During operation a normal sequence of events is as until EGO switch. The calibration tables determine the
follows: step size, rate of duty cycle change and the number of
If the EGO voltage is below .5 V, considered a lean engine revolutions without an EGO before going to
condition, the controller steps FCV duty cycle to a higher rate.
lower value, then begins decreasing the FCV duty

Oxygen Sensor
Cover Housing Connector
Sensor device Lead wire
6EN2146
The oxygen sensor installed on the exhaust manifold

Stoichiometric ratio makes use of the principles of a solid electrolyte oxygen
Electromotive force (V)
concentration cell. The oxygen concentration cell is

characterized by a sharp change of the output voltage in
the vicinity of the stoichiometric air/fuel ratio.
Rich Lean
Air/fuel ratio
6EN2144
Performance of Using such characteristics, the oxygen sensor senses

Three-Way Catalytic Converter the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas and feeds
Operating window for converter it to the engine control unit. The engine control unit then
determines if the air/fuel ratio is richer or leaner as
CO compared to the stoichiometric ratio and provides
feedback control to adjust the air/fuel ratio to the
stoichiometric ratio where the emission purification rate
% Conversion
of the three-catalyst convector is optimum.
CxHy
NOx
Stoichiometric Point
Air/Fuel Ratio
6EN2145

Catalytic Muffler Performance of
Three-Way Catalytic Converter
Operating window for converter
The catalytic muffler is mounted in the exhaust gas
stream of G430 engine. The catalytic muffler facilitates CO
oxidation and reduction reactions that reduce the
amount of unwanted constituents in the exhaust gas
% Conversion
stream. Catalytic mufflers have sound deadening and
spark arresting features incorporated into the design.
4
CxHy
3
NOx
Stoichiometric Point
Air/Fuel Ratio
After combustion the contents of the engine

cylinder(s) are expelled into the exhaust system.
These hot gases next travel to the catalytic muffler.
The catalytic muffler is made up of a shell (1)
incorporating an inlet (2) and an outlet (4). Inside, the
catalytic muffler contains a three-way catalyst section
(3) as well as sound dampening and spark arresting
features. The three-way catalyst section (3) consists of
a honeycomb coated with a mixture of platinum,
palladium and rhodium. The hot exhaust gases enter
the catalytic muffler through the inlet (1). Next the hot
exhaust gases flow through the catalyst section (3)
where an oxidation and reduction reactions take
place. These chemical reactions reduce the amount of
CO, HC and NOx in the engine exhaust. The exhaust
gas then flows through the outlet (4).
Reaction Stage
CO + O = CO
2 2 Oxidation
HC + O = H O + CO
2 2 2 Oxidation
NO + CO = N + CO
X 2 2 Reduction
NO + H = N + H O
X 2 2 2 Reduction
NO + HC = N + H O = CO
X 2 2 2 Reduction

Tests or Adjustments
Adhere to the following warnings when performing any
WARNING

Engine parts that are hot, or parts that are moving,
9. When reassembling mixer, locate the notch on
air/gas valve diaphragm to point to fuel inlet.
10. Open the fule storage container liquid outlet
WARNING valve solwly.
Exhaust fumes contain carbon monoxide (CO) 11. Check for leaks.
which can cause personal injury or death. Start 12. start engine and verify normal operation.
and operate the engine in a well ventilated area
only. In an enclosed area, vent the exhaust to the
outside. Check engine idle speed
Check engine low idle speed. If it does not meet

LP Carburetor-Check, Clean specification, adjust idle speed adjustment screw.
Check and Clean LP Carburetor. Low idle speed specification : 700+/-25 rpm
The LP Carburetor requires periodic inspection,

and cleaning. Inspection and cleaning are as
follows :
1. Start engine.
2. Close the liquid outlet valve in the fuel storage
container.
3. Run engine out of fuel.
1
2
3 4
NOTICE
The idle air/fuel mixture is factory set, therefore, no
further adjusstments are required. The part throttle
air/fuel mixture is factory set, therefore, no further
adjusstments are required. The full power air/fuel
mixture is factory set, therefore no, further
adjustments are required, either.
4. Remove mixer lid (4).
5. Remove air valve (2) and spring (3). Inspect and lubricate throttle cable linkage every
6. Clean air valve with warm soapy water. 500 service hours or 3 months.
7. Clean mixer throat with approved carburetor
cleaner.
8. Inspect air valve and mixer throat for wear,
repair/replace as required.

LP Converter-Check, Clen Inspection of Vacuum Switch
See, “LP Converter-Check, Clean” in LP Fuel System
Section.
Inspection of Fuel Lock - Off
6EN2132
1. Connect a hand vacuum pump to the nipple of the

vacuum switch.
6EN2135
2. Using a vacuum pump, vacuum (0.7 or more kPa)
is applied to a vacuum sensor, and the existence of
1. When voltage is impressed to the terminal of fuel continuity between sensor terminals is checked.
lock-off, check whether there si operation sound. Vacuum gauge Continuity
2. If there is an abnormality, replace the fuel lock-off. Not applied Non-conductive
0.7 kPa or more Conductive
Inspection of Fuel Control Valve
3. If there is an abnormality, replace the vacuum
1. Connect a hand vacuum pump to the nipple A of the switch.
vacuum switch.
Inspection of Vacuum Switch (MAP)
6EN2131
2. Battery voltage is impressed between the terminals 6EN2133

of a fuel control valve, a hand vacuum pump is 1. Connect a hand vacuum pump to the nipple of the
connecting in nipple A, and vacuum is applied. vacuum switch.
Items When B nipple is closed 2. Using a vacuum pump, vacuum (24 or more kPa) is
applied to a vacuum sensor, and the existence of
When current is flowing Vacuum is felt with a finger.
continuity between sensor terminals is checked.
When Current is not flowing Vacuum is not felt with a finger.
3. If there is an abnormality, replace the fuel control Vacuum gauge Continuity
valve. Not applied Non-conductive
24 kPa or more Conductive
3. If there is an abnormality, replace the vacuum
switch.

Inspection of Oxygen Sensor
Blue code White code
Oxygen
sensor
side
(1) Before checking, warm up the engine until engine

coolant temperature reaches 80 to 95°C
(2) In the state where engine is poerated disconnent the
oxygen sensor connector and connect a voltmeter.
Caution
The right measurement cannot be pertormed if oxygen
sensor connector is separated before engine starting
(3) Measure the oxygen sensor output voltage.

Standard value : 0.6 - 1.0V
(4) If there is a deviation from the standard value,
replace the oxygen sensor.

Disassembly & Assembly
LPG Carburetor
Removal and Installation of LP Gas Carburetor
6EN2143
Removal steps
1. Bracket - Accel Wire

2. LPG Carburetor
3. Carburetor Gasket
4. Air Governor
5. Governor Gasket
6. Fuel pump Cover
7. Bolt

Disassembly & Assembly of LP Gas Carburetor
6EN2147
Removal steps
1. Bolt
2. LPG mixer
3. Gasket
4. Vacuum switch
5. Fitting
6. Vacuum switch (MAP)
7. Idle adjustment screw
8. Idle adjustment screw spring
9. Throttle body assembly

LP Gas Converter
Removal & Installation of LP Gas Converter
6EN2148
Removal steps
1. Vacuum hose 9. Vacuum terminal

2. Vacuum hose 10. Balance hose
3. Vacuum hose 11. Jet
4. Fuel control valve 12. Elbow fitting
5. LPG shut off valve assembly 13. Elbow fitting
6. Balance hose 14. Fuel outlet plug
7. Check valve elbow fitting 15. Bolt washer assembly
8. Balance hose 16. Converter
Disassemble & Assemble of LP Gas Converter
See, “Disassembly & Assembly” of LP Fuel System

Section.

DUAL FUEL SYSTEM
1 2 3 4 5 6
7
8
10 11 12 13 14
9
IDES071S
Dual Fuel Basic Schematic

(1) Gasoline inlet line (from gasoline tank). (2) Mechanical fuel pump. (3) LP mixer. (4) Balance hose. (5) LP electric fuelock. (6) LP
fuel line. (7) Gasoline electric fuelock. (8) Converter. (9) Selector switch. (10) Carburetor. (11) Elbow. (12) LP fuel line. (13) LP fuel
filter. (14) LP fuel inlet line (from LP tank).
The dual fuel system is a combination of the gasoline fuelock (7) is stopped, which closes fuelock (7) and
and the liquid petroleum fuel systems. This system shuts off the gasoline supply to the carburetor.
allows the operator to run the engine on gasoline or
liquid petroleum fuel. When selector switch (9) is turned to the LP position, LP
fuelock (5) opens and LP fuel flows through line (14),
The basic components of the dual fuel system are the filter (13) and to converter (8). The converter changes
LP and gasoline fuel tanks, mechanical fuel pump (2), the fuel to a vapor. This vapor flows through line (12) to
selector switch (9), gasoline carburetor (10), LP mixer mixer (3). The mixer sends the vapor through elbow (11)
(3), converter (8), LP fuelock (5), LP fuel filter (13), to the gasoline carburetor, which now acts as a throttle
gasoline fuelock (7) and the connecting fuel lines. plate. From the carburetor, the vapor goes through the
inlet manifold to the combustion chamber of each
When selector switch (9) is in the gasoline position, cylinder.
gasoline fuelock (7) is open. Gasoline is drawn through
line (1), the fuel filter and fuel pump (2), fuelock (7) and Balance hose (4) between the atmospheric opening in
into the carburetor, where the fuel is mixed with air at the the converter and the mixer keeps the correct air and
correct ratio. The air and fuel mixture fuel then goes to fuel mixture in the mixer when there is some restriction
the inlet manifold and is changed to a vapor. It then goes in the air cleaner.
to the combustion chamber of each cylinder.
NOTE: Refer to the topics Gasoline Fuel System and

Liquid Petroleum Fuel System for the operation of the
components not explained here.
To change from gasoline to LP fuel, selector switch (9)

should first be put in the OFF position. This is done to
allow the gasoline in the line and the carburetor to be
used before LP fuel is started. When selector switch (9)
is turned OFF or to the LP position, power to gasoline
G424 Service Manual 102 Dual Fuel System

GOVERNING SYSTEM
General Description
Sectional View of Air Governor

(1) Body. (2) Stabilizer rod. (3) Stabilizer piston. (4) Throttle plate. (5) Throttle plate shaft. (6) Bearing. (7) Nipple. (8) Spring.
(9) Bush nut. (10) Adjusting screw. (11) Plate. (12) Cam
The air governor is located to the underside of the 2. Auxiliary operation

carburetor. It serves to protect the hydraulic pump, to
The throttle plate opening angle of this governor is
limit the maximum traveling speed of the vehicle, and
set under the full-open condition of the carburetor.
to prevent excessive increase of engine speed.
Accordingly, when the carburetor throttle valve is
1. Governing operation operated in the direction of closing, governor
pressure applied to the throttle plate decreases
The throttle plate shaft is offset from the center of
and, therefore, the throttle plate is rotated by the
the governor bore. Also, the full-open position of
spring in the direction of opening. As a result,
the throttle plate does not coincide with the truly
engine speed increases. To prevent this, the
full-open position, but rather leans to the closing
governor is provided with a stabilizer piston.
side. Therefore, the pressure of mixture flow acts
on the throttle plate to rotate it in direction of The stabilizer piston acts to close the throttle plate
closing, causing a torque to its shaft. when a large vacuum pressure is developed on
the upper side of the throttle plate, so that proper
The torque stretches the return spring attached to
opening of the throttle plate can be maintained in
the cam on the throttle plate shaft until the torque
combination with the opening of the carburetor
balances the tension of the spring, and the throttle
throttle valve. With the help of this auxiliary
plate is maintained at that open angle.
operation, the governing operation can follow up
This is governing operation. That is, a balance the variations of load quickly.
between the pressure applied to the throttle plate,
which depends on vacuum pressure, and the
spring tension keeps the throttle plate at position
between the full-open position and the full-close
position to control the amount of mixture flowing
into the engine.
G424 Service Manual 103 Governing System

Air Governor
6EN0862
Disassembly steps
1. Ventilation hose
2. Gasket
3. Sealing cap
4. Cover plate assembly
5. Gasket
6. Adjusting nut
7. Adjusting screw
A 8. Plate assembly Disassembly Service Points
A 9. Valve assembly
10. Valve shaft assembly Caution: Since the air governor has been adjusted and sealed
11. Piston cover
in the manufacturer’s factory to conform to the specifications, it
12. Gasket
13. Stabilizer piston should not be disassembled in general cases. Like any other
A 14. Piston shaft sealed components, the air governor should not be
B 15. Governor body disassembled anywhere except the locations where a warranty
claim decision is authorized. In addition, the cam on the throttle
valve shaft should never be removed.

Inspection
1. Check the plate assembly (8) composed of a ribbon spring
Stabilizer and coil spring for cracks and any other damage.
Piston shaft piston 2. Check the valve shaft for wear, and also make sure that it
Valve rotates smoothly when mounted in the body.
3. Check the piston for damage. Check also the valve fit-in
section of the shaft for damage.
4. Grease packed needle bearings are press-fitted at both
ends of the valve shaft hole of the governor body. Avoid
cleaning the body in gasoline or any other solvent.
Section A-A
Valve
Screw
Adjusting nut
Reassembly Service Points
Caution: Thoroughly clean all component parts before

installation. Do not apply grease or oil anywhere in the body
except the needle bearings (grease packed) in the throttle
valve shaft hole.
A Adjusting screw and nut setting

When assembling the air governor separately from the
engine, temporarily assemble it so that the throttle valve will
be in the fully opened position.
Governor Adjustment
See,Adjustment and Troubleshooting Section.

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
General Description
Cam shaft
Oil pressure
switch
Oil filter
Crankshaft
Oil pump
Oil pan
Oil pickup
Lubricating system is the full-flow filtered pressure- OIl Filter

feed oil system and the oil reserved in the oil pan is
fed with pressure to each part of engine. After the oil
pressure is adjusted through the relief valve, the oil is
fed to the cylinder blocks and cylinder head.
In the cylinder head the oil is forcibly fed to the
camshaft journals, rocker arm pivots and further cam
surfaces.
G424 Service Manual 106 Lubrication System

Testing & Adjusting NOTE : In normal case, the recommended engine oil
for G424 engine is SAE 10W - 30.
But, if the excessive valve noise occurs up to five
minutes after a cold start and if the maximum ambient
temperature is lower than 10°C (50°F), it is
WARNING recommended to change engine oil to SAE 5W - 30 for
that application.
Engine parts that are hot, or parts that are moving, Synthetic Oils
Synthetic engine oils are not recommended for use in
G424 Engine. Synthetics may offer advantages in
WARNING cold-temperature pumpability and high-temperature
oxidation resistance.
Exhaust fumes contain carbon monoxide (CO) which However, synthetic oils have not proven to provide
operational or economic benefits over conventional
can cause personal injury or death. Start and operate
petroleum-based oils in G424 Engine. Their use does
the engine in a well ventilated area only. In an
not permit the extension of oil change intervals.
enclosed area, vent the exhaust to the outside.
Lubrication System Problems

Engine Oil One of the problems in the list that follows will
generally be an indication of a problem in the
Engine Oil Recommendation lubrication system for the engine.
The following oil specifications provide the guidelines IToo much oil consumption.
for the selection of commercial products : ILow oil pressure.
Use gasoline engine oil. Recommended API service IHigh oil pressure.
classification is class SJ grade. IToo much component wear.
Too Much Oil Consumption
NOTICE
Failure to follow the oil recommendations can cause IEngine outside oil leakage
shortened engine life due to carbon deposits or
Check for leakage at the seals at each end of the
excessive wear.
crankshaft. Look for leakage at the oil pan gasket and
all lubrication system connections. Check to see if oil
comes out of the crankcase breather. This can be
Prior to changing oil, select an oil based on the
caused by combustion gas leakage around the
prevailing daytime temperature in the area in which
pistons. A dirty crankcase breather will cause high
the engine is operated. The chart in figure is a guide to
pressure in the crankcase, and this will cause gasket
selection the proper crankcase oil.
and seal leakage.
IMPORTANT : Oils containing “solid” additives, non-
detergent oils, or low-quality oils are not ICombustion area oil leakage
recommended for use in G424 Engine.
Oil leakage into the combustion area of the cylinders
Barometric temperature can be the cause of blue smoke. There are three
possible ways for oil leakage into the combustion area
of the stems.
SAE 15W-40
1. Oil leakage between worn valve guides and valve
stems.
SAE 10W-30 2. Worn or damaged piston rings, or dirty oil return

holes.
SAE 5W-30
3. Compression ring and/or intermediate ring not
Engine Oil Viscosity Recommendation installed correctly.

NOTE: Too much oil consumption can also be the
result if oil with the wrong viscosity is used. Oil with a When some components of the engine show bearing
thin viscosity can be caused by fuel leakage into the wear in a short time, the cause can be a restriction in an
crankcase, or by increased engine temperature. oil passage. A broken oil passage can also be the cause.
If an oil pressure check is done and the oil pressure is
Low Oil Pressure correct, but a component is worn because it does not
get enough lubrication, look at the passage for oil
supply to that component. A restriction in a supply
passage will not let enough lubrication get to a
1 2 5 6 7 component and this will cause early wear.
3 4
ILOO001P
Instrument Panel
(1) Engine Oil Light
Before starting the engine, the engine oil light(1) on

the instrument panel will turn on when the key switch
is turned to the ON position. The light will turn off after
the engine is started and while the engine is running,
lidicating normal oil pressure. The light will turn on
during operation only when there is insufficient engine
oil pressure to properly lubricate the engine’s internal
paarts.
If the oil light comes on, indicating the pressure is low,

check for the causes that follow:
1. Low oil level in the crankcase.
2. Defect in the oil pressure indicator light or oil

pressure sensor unit.
3. Restriction to oil pump screen.
4. Leakage at the oil line connections.
5. Worn connecting rod or main bearings. Worn gears

in the oil pump.
6. Oil pressure relief valve worn or stuck in the OPEN

position.
7. Oil filter bypass valve stuck open. Oil filter is

restricted. Replace oil filter.
High Oil Pressure
Oil pressure will be high if the oil pressure relief valve

in the oil pump cannot move from the closed position.
Too Much Component Wear

Oil Pressure Check
Oil Pressure Check

(1) LP pressure switch. (2) Oil pressure switch.
(two-terminals) (one-terminal)
1. With the engine OFF, make sure the oil level is

correct. Connect the analyzer to the engine as
shown in Engine RPM Check in the Testing And
Adjusting.
WARNING
Before the LP/oil pressure switch is removed, the

engine must be stopped. Make sure oil pressure is
released to prevent personal injury.
2. Remove LP pressure switch (1) or oil pressure

switch (2). Install the pressure gauge in adapter.
3. Start the engine and allow it to warm up to normal

operating temperature.
4. Run the engine at 2000 rpm. Read the pressure

gauge.
5. The oil pressure must be approximately 200 kPa

(29 psi) at 2000 rpm. There is no adjustment to the
oil pressure relief valve.
For the possible cause see Lubrication System

Problems in Troubleshooting.
NOTE: A lower pressure indication, 50 kPa (7 psi), is

normal at low idle speed.
For changing Engine Oil and Filter, See Maintenance

Section

COOLING SYSTEM
General Description
1 3 5 6
2
7 8
9 10
Cooling System Schematic

(1) Cylinder head. (2) Thermostat. (3) Recovery tank. (5) Radiator top hose. (6) Radiator pressure cap.
(7) Cylinder walls. (8) Radiator. (9) Radiator lower hose. (10) Water pump.
Water pump (10) is installed on the front of the will go through radiator top hose (5) and into the top tank
cylinder block. The water pump is driven by a single V of radiator (8). Coolant then goes through the cores of the
belt from the crankshaft pulley. The inlet opening of radiator. The air from the fan will make the coolant cool as
the water pump is connected to the radiator lower the coolant flows to the bottom of the radiator and out
hose (9). The outlet flow from the water pump goes hose (9) where the coolant returns to water pump (10).
through passages inside the cylinder block.
The radiator is equipped with a shroud to increase the
The coolant from the water pump through the efficiency of the fan and cause the air to be pushed
cylinder block passages has primary coolant flow to through the radiator and away from the lift truck.
and around the seats for the exhaust valves. This method
If the coolant is hot and the cooling system pressure is
gives the coolant with the coolest temperature flow to the
too high, some coolant flows to the top of radiator (8)
hottest area during engine operation.
through the tube to recovery tank (3). The cooling
Cylinder walls (7) are cooled by the coolant flow system pressure is controlled by cap (6). When the
through the block. After the coolant goes through the cooling system pressure goes above its rated pressure, a
cylinder block it flows through cylinder head (1) to the valve opens in pressure cap (6) which releases the
thermostat housing, where the bypass type cooling system pressure to the atmosphere. After the
thermostat (2) is installed. The thermostat controls the engine is at normal temperature for operation, a
opening to radiator (8) to control the temperature in development of vacuum is present in the cooling
the cooling system. system. Pressure cap (6) permits air in the radiator to
remove the vacuum at the same time coolant from
If the coolant is cold (cool), the thermostat will be closed.
recovery tank (3) is pulled back into the radiator.
The coolant circulates (makes a complete circuit) from the
water pump and through the cylinder block until the
temperature of the coolant is warm enough to make the
thermostat open. When thermostat (2) is open the coolant
G424 Service Manual 110 Cooling System

Testing & Adjusting 4. Look for bent radiator fins. Be sure that air flow
through the radiator does not have a restriction.
tests or adjustments while the engine is running: 5. Inspect the drive belts for the fan.
6. Check for damage to the fan blades.
WARNING 7. Look for air or combustion gas in the cooling system.
Work carefully around an engine that is running. 8. Inspect the filler cap and the surface that seals the
Engine parts that are hot, or parts that are moving, cap. This surface must be clean.
9. Look for a large amount of dirt in the radiator core
and on the engine.
WARNING 10. Check for loose or missing fan shrouds that cause
poor flow of cooling air.
Exhaust fumes contain carbon monoxide (CO)
which can cause personal injury or death. Start and
operate the engine in a well ventilated area only. In an
enclosed area, vent the exhaust to the outside. Cooling System Tests
This engine has a pressure type cooling system. A

pressure type cooling system gives two advantages.
The first advantage is that the cooling system can
have safe operation at a temperature that is higher
than the normal boiling (steam) point of water. The
second advantage is that this type system prevents
cavitation (the sudden making of low pressure bubbles
in liquids by mechanical forces ) in the water pump.
With this type system, it is more difficult for an air or
steam pocket to be made in the cooling system.
The cause for an engine getting too hot is generally

because regular inspections of the cooling system
were not made. Make a visual inspection of the
cooling system before testing with testing equipment.
IDES108S
Cooling System Visual Inspection Remember that temperature and pressure work
together. When making a diagnosis of a cooling
system problem, temperature and pressure must both
WARNING be checked. Cooling system pressure will have an
effect on cooling system temperatures. For an
example, look at the chart to see the effect of
Do not loosen the filler cap or pressure cap on a hot
pressure and height above sea level on the boiling
engine. Steam or hot coolant can cause severe burns.
(steam) point of water.
1. After the engine is cool, loosen the filler cap (on a

radiator with a pressure cap, turn it to the first stop)
to let pressure out of the cooling system. Then
remove filler or pressure cap.
2. Check coolant level in the cooling system.
3. Look for leaks in the system.

Pressure Cap Test Cooling System Leak Check
To test the cooling system for leaks, use the following

procedure:
A
WARNING
If the engine has been in operation and the coolant

is hot, slowly loosen the pressure cap to the first
stop and let the pressure out of the cooling
system, then remove the pressure cap.
1. Remove pressure cap from the radiator.
2. Make sure the radiator is full (hot) or nearly full

IDES109S (cold) of coolant.
Pressure Cap Diagram

3. Attach the Cooling System Pressurizing Pump Tool
(A) Sealing surface of cap and radiator.
to the radiator filler neck.
One cause for a pressure loss in the cooling system 4. Pump the pressure to 20 kPa (3 psi) more than the
can be a bad seal on the pressure cap of the system. rated pressure of the cap.
Inspect the pressure cap carefully. Look for damage to 5. Check the radiator for outside leakage.
the seal or the sealing surface. Any foreign material or
deposits on the cap, seal or seal or sealing surface 6. Check all connections and hoses of the cooling
must be removed. system for outside leakage.
7. If there is no outside leakage and the pressure
To check the pressure cap opening pressure, do the reading on the gauge is still the same after 5
following procedure. minutes, the radiator and cooling system do not
have leakage. If the reading on the gauge goes
down and there is no outside leakage, there is
WARNING leakage on the inside of the cooling system. Make
repairs as necessary
If the engine has been in operation and the coolant
is hot, slowly loosen the pressure cap to the first
stop and let the pressure out of the cooling
system, then remove the pressure cap.
1. Remove pressure cap from the radiator.
2. Put the pressure cap on the Cooling
System Pressurizing Pump Tool.
3. Look at the gauge for the pressure that makes the

pressure cap open. It must be as follows:
D460972 Cap .................................85 to 110 kPa
(12 to 16 psi)
4. If the pressure cap is bad, install a new pressure cap.

Thermostat
The thermostat is the wax pellet type. A jiggle valve When the temperature increases further and reaches
(which improves air bleeding during water supply) is a certain specified temperature, the valve opens fully,
provided on the flange part. When the thermostat is allowing even more coolant to circulate through the
closed, the circulation of coolant is stopped, thereby radiator.
making warm-up faster. Thus, in this way the degree of valve opening is varied
according to the temperature of the coolant, and the
temperature of the coolant is adjusted by varying the
Operation amount of coolant caused to circulate through the
radiator.
Thermostat Test
To test the thermostat opening temperature, use the

following procedure:
WARNING
The pan, water and thermostat will be very hot and

can cause burns. Do not touch the pan, water or
thermostat. Handle the components with an
insulated device for protection.
1. Remove the thermostat from the engine.
2. Hang the thermostat in a pan of water. Put a

thermometer in the water. Put the thermostat
When the temperature of the coolant is low, the valve completely under water. Do not let the thermostat
is closed by the spring, with the result that the coolant make contact with the pan.
circulates within the engine, without passing through
the radiator. 3. Put heat to the pan of water. Make the water in the
When the temperature of the coolant rises and pan move around. This keeps all of the water at the
reaches a certain specified temperature, the valve same temperature.
opens and the coolant also circulates through the
radiator. 4. The thermostat must start to open when the
temperature is 82°C (180°F). The thermostat must
be fully open at 96°C(205°F).

Cooling System Heat Problems Cooling System Recommendation
To check if there is a good reason for heat problems Coolant Information
do the checks that follow:
1. The indications of a heat problem are as follows: NOTICE

a. High coolant temperature indicator light is on or DAEWOO recommends that the coolant mix contain
needle of coolant temperature gauge is in red 50% commercially available automotive antifreeze,
range. and 50% water.
b. Coolant boils out (comes out because of too
much heat) of the cooling system during The coolant mixture of less than 30% concentration
operations. does not provide sufficient corrosion protection.
c. Coolant boils out on the floor when the engine is Concentrations over 60% adversely affect freeze
stopped. protection and heat transfer rates.
d. Coolant must be added at the end of each shift
but Steps b and c are not present. To prevent damage to your engine, never add coolant to
an overheated engine. Allow the engine to cool first.
2. If indication in Step 1 a is only present. It is possible If the lift truck is to be stored in, or shipped to, an area
the problem is only a damaged gauge, light or with freezing temperatures, the cooling system must
sender. Make a replacement of the defective part. be protected to the lowest expected outside (ambient)
temperature.
3. If indication in Step 1b is present, do the procedure
that follows: The engine cooling system is protected with a
a. Run the engine at medium idle (1200 rpm) for commercially available automotive antifreeze, when
three minutes after high idle operation. This cools shipped from the factory.
off the hottest parts of the engine before it is
stopped. Check the specific gravity of the coolant solution
b. Install a coolant recovery system on the truck, if frequently in cold weather to ensure adequate
not already equipped. protection.
4. If indications in Step 1b, 1c or 1d are present, but

Step 1a is not and the high temperature indicator Clean the cooling system if it is contaminated, if the
light does work, the problem can be a damaged engine overheats or if foaming is observed in the
radiator cap seal or there can be a leak in the radiator.
cooling system. Complete the procedure that
follows: Old coolant should be drained, system cleaned and
a. Do the Pressure Cap Test, Cooling System Leak new coolant added as recommended with the
Check, Thermostat Test and Belt Adjustment in commercially available automotive antifreeze.
the Testing And Adjusting.
b. Clean the radiator with hot water (steam clean) Filling at over 20 liters per minute can cause air
at low pressure and use detergent or air pockets in the cooling system.
according to the different types of debris that After draining and refilling the cooling system,
caused the radiator to be dirty (plugged). operate the engine with the radiator cap removed until
c. Check the engine high idle setting. the coolant reaches normal operating temperature and the
coolant level stabilizes. Add coolant as
NOTE: Another condition that can cause heat necessary to fill the system to the proper level.
problems is the ignition timing. Retarded (late) timing
causes the engine to send more heat to the cooling Operate with a thermostat in the cooling system all
system. Advanced (early) timing causes the engine to year-round. Cooling system problems can arise
send less heat to the cooling system. without a thermostat.

Coolant Water DAEWOO recommends selecting automotive
antifreeze suitable for gasoline engines using
Hard water, or water with high levels of calcium and aluminum alloy parts. The antifreeze should meet
magnesium ions, encourages the formation of ASTM-D3306 standard.
insoluble chemical compounds by combining with
cooling system additives such as silicates and
phosphates. Make proper antifreeze additions.
The tendency of silicates and phosphates to Adding pure antifreeze as a makeup solution for
precipitate out-of-solution increases with increasing cooling system top-up is an unacceptable practice. It
water hardness. Hard water, or water with high levels increases the concentration of antifreeze in the
of calcium and magnesium ions encourages the cooling system which increases the concentration of
formation of insoluble chemicals, especially after a dissolved solids and undissolved chemical inhibitors in
number of heating and cooling cycles. the cooling system. Add antifreeze mixed with water to
the same freeze protection as your cooling system.
DAEWOO prefers the use of distilled water or
deionized water to reduce the potential and severity of
chemical insolubility.
Acceptable Water
Water Content Limits (ppm)
Chlorides (Cl) 40 maximum
Sulfates (SO4) 50 maximum
Total Hardness 80mg/MM maximum
Total Solids 250 maximum
pH 6.0~8.0
ppm = parts per million
Using water that meets the minimum acceptable water

requirement may not prevent drop-out of these
chemical compounds totally, but should minimize the
rate to acceptable levels.
Antifreeze
NOTICE
DAEWOO recommends that the coolant mix contain
50% commercially available automotive antifreeze, or
equivalent, and acceptable water to maintain an
adequate water pump cavitation temperature for efficient
water pump performance.
Premix coolant solution to provide protection to the
lowest expected outside (ambient) temperature. Pure
undiluted antifreeze will freeze at -23°C (-10°F).
Only use a greater concentration (above 50%) of
commercially available automotive antifreeze an needed
for anticipated outside (ambient) temperatures. Do not
exceed the recommendations, provided with the
commercially available automotive antifreeze, regarding
the coolant mixture of antifreeze to water.

Belt Adjustment V-Belt Diagnosis
Belts and pulleys wear evenly with use. Unusual signs
Drive belts must grip the entire contact area of the of wear indicate some correction is needed. The
pulley. When drive belts are too loose, the belts can correction of any of the listed conditions will help
slip, tear, burn, or grab and snap. More belts fail from extend belt life.
being too loose than too tight.
Belts that are too tight can damage the engine by Causes of Belt failure
causing side loading of the crankshaft, crankshaft
bearings, and accessories or accessory bearings. Too • Misalignment of the pulleys.
much belt tension will also stretch and weaken the • Wrong size belt.
belts.
• Wrong length belt.
• Wrong tension.
After a belt has made one complete revolution it is
• Damaged pulley sheaves or bent pulley shafts.
considered used and should be adjusted to the used
belt tension specification. When the drive belts are • Damaged belt.
worn, they should be replaced. Tightening worn drive • Belt damaged during installation.
belts will not prevent slipping and can cause damage • Oil or grease on belts.
to the engine.
Do not use belt dressings to extend belt life. Most Base Cracking
dressings contain chemicals that soften the belts.
Check the belts at 1500 hour intervals. Also check all A belt with excessive cross-checking that extends into
necessary mounting or adjusting bracket bolts. the rubber on the base of a belt and shows little or no
side wear indicates the belt is damaged. If the base of
the belt shows cross-checking, the belt has been
exposed to weather to the extent that the fabric is
starting to rot.
7 to 9 mm
(0.28 to 0.35 in.)
Fabric Tear
A fabric tear can be the result of:

• Operating a belt on a worn pulley.
• Belt tension too light causing the belt to ride in the
pulley groove.
• Dirty pulley grooves.
• Pulley misaligned.
The fan belt is properly tense if it deflects 7 to 9mm Cover Tear

(0.28 to 0.35 in) as it is depressed with a finger
between the pulley and pulley of the long distance Cover tears result when the belts are too loose or too
side. Excessive tension can cause quick wear of the long and the belt rubs against other compo-nents.
belt and bearings of the water pump and the alternator Adjust the belt tension and use the correct length of
Excessive slackness ot presence of oil on the belt, on belt.
the other hand, can lead to engine overheating and
insufficient charging due to slipping belt.
Slip Burn
CATUTION : Never attempt to adjust tension of the fan
belt while leaving the engine in operation. Slip burns occur when the belts are too loose or
slipping under load. Install a new belt and adjust
properly. Check for a worn pulley.

Gouged Edge Service Procedures
A gouged edge in a belt can be caused by a damaged
pulley, a misaligned pulley, or the belt being too loose
or too long. Check the pulley and the belt for proper
Draining and Filling the Cooling
alignment and tension. Make sure other components System
are not misaligned and rubbing against the belt.
Various methods and equipment can be used.
Worn Sides
Draining
Belts that are worn on the sides are probably too
loose. The pulley may also be misaligned. Install a 1. Place a drain pan under the radiator drain cock.
new belt and adjust properly. Check for a worn or
misaligned pulley. 2. Install a tube on the drain cock.
3. Place the end of the tube in the pail or pan.

Excessive Stretch
4. Make sure the cooling system is cool, then remove
A belt that is stretched beyond adjustment is usually the radiator cap.
the wrong size or is adjusted too tight.
Replace the belt and adjust the tension. 5. Open the drain cock completely.
6. Let the cooling system drain until the flow stops.

Flat Spots
7. Place a drain pan under the engine.
Flat spots may result by not relieving the belt tension
while storing the vehicle or engine. A temporary 8. Remove the drain plug in the engine block.
vibration will occur when the engine is first started. Flat
spots are most noticeable with variable speed drives. 9. Let the engine block drain until the flow stops.
Flat spots may disappear during normal engine There may be more drainage from the radiator at
operation. If the flat spots remain, replace the belts. this time.
10. Replace the engine block drain plug.

Internal Cord Damage
11. Close the drain cock.
Cords may be broken by prying the belt onto the pulley
or debris on the pulley. Internal cord damage will
cause the belt to roll out of the pulley groove.
Replace the belt and adjust properly.

Filling Radiator Service
1. Check the radiator drain cock to be sure it is closed. Radiator Internal Deposits
2. Check the engine drain plug to be sure it is tight. A radiator with a dirty, obstructed, or leaking core will
cause the engine to overheat. A scale deposit inside
3. Premix the antifreeze with clear water in 50/50 the radiator is a result of using hard, high mineral
mixture. content water in the cooling system. The effect of heat
on the minerals in the water causes the formation of
IMPORTANT: If the old coolant is to be re-used, check scale, or hard coating, on metal surfaces within the
it for glycol/water mix of 50/50. radiator, thereby reducing the transfer of heat. Some
hard water will produce a silt-like deposit which
4. Place a large top funnel in the radiator fill hole. restricts the flow of water. Replace a radiator that is
plugged or has a heavy scale on the core.
5. Slowly pour in the coolant. The filling may be
slowed because of the thermostat being closed.
Scale Removal
6. After the cooling system is filled to 1/2 inch below
the fill hole, start the engine and let the cooling To remove the hardened scale, a direct chemical
system warm up. When the thermostat opens, the action is necessary. A flushing compound at the
coolant level may drop. If the level drops, add specified rate of 30 grams per liter (4 oz. per gallon) of
coolant until the level is up to the fill hole. radiator capacity should be added to the coolant
solution in the form of a dissolved solution while the
7. Replace the radiator cap. engine is running. Operate the engine for 15 minutes
or until it reaches normal operating temper-ature, then
8. Check the coolant level in the recovery tank. drain and flush the system with clean water.
Add coolant if needed.
There are various types of flushing compounds
commercially available, but they should be obtained
from a reliable source. Most compounds attack metals
Flushing the Cooling System and should not remain in the engine for more than a
few minutes. A neutralizer should be used in the
Various methods and equipment can be used to flush cooling system immediately after a descaling solvent
the cooling system. If special equipment such as a is used. For extremely hard, stubborn coatings, such
back flusher is used, follow the equipment as lime scale, use a stronger solution. The corrosive
manufacturer's instructions. action of a stronger solution will affect the thin metals
of the radiator, thereby reducing its operating life. A
complete flushing and rinsing is mandatory and must
NOTICE be accomplished skillfully.
If the engine is damaged Internally and a new engine
assembly is installed in the vehicle, make sure all After the solvent and neutralizer have been used and
foreign material is completely flushed out of the the cooling system is flushed, drain the entire system
cooling system. The oil cooler system should also be and fill it with clean, soft water plus a high boiling type
flushed out (if equipped). Failure to rid the oil or antifreeze that meets GM 6038-M spec-ifications. After
cooling system of debris can result in damage to the filling the cooling system, check for radiator, hose, and
replacement engine. engine coolant leaks.
IMPORTANT: Remove the thermostat before flushing

the cooling system.

Remove & Install Water
Temperature Sender
1 2
1. Disconnect one wire connection (1).
2. Remove water temperature sender (2).
NOTE: For the installation of the water temperature

sender, reverse the removal steps.
3. Use thread sealant on the water temperature

sender threads.

BASE ENGINE SERVICE PROCEDURE
Timing Belt
Removal steps
1. Timing belt front cover upper 12. Tensioner B
2. Timing belt front cover lower E D 13. Timing belt B
A H 3. Timing belt F C 14. Counterbalance shaft sprocket
G 4. Tensioner spacer 15. Spacer
G 5. Tensioner spring G 16. Crankshaft sprocket B
G 6. Tensioner pulley 17. Crankshaft key
B F 7. Oil pump sprocket B 18. Engine support bracket
C E 8. Crankshaft bolt 19. Camshaft sprocket bolt
9. Crankshaft washer H A 20. Camshaft sprocket
D 10. Crankshaft sprocket 21. Timing belt rear cover
11. Flang
G424 Service Manual 120 Base Engine Service Procedure

A Timing belt removal
(1) When the timing belt is to be re-used, make an arrow
mark on the back surface on the belt to indicate the
rotating direction with a chalk or the like so that the belt
can be installed in the same direction.
(2) Move the timing belt tensioner upward and temporarily
tighten the tensioner lock bolt.
(3) Remove the timing belt.
6EN0716
6EN0884
B Oil pump sprocket removal

(1) Remove the plug on the left side of cylinder block.
(2) Insert a screwdriver (shank diameter 8 mm[0.31 in.]) to
block the counterbalance shaft.
(3) Remove the nut.
(4) Remove the oil pump sprocket.
Screw driver
6EN0663
C Crankshaft bolt removal

(1) Hold the flywheel with the special tool as shown.
MD998781
(2) Remove the crankshaft bolt.
6EN0868

D Crankshaft sprocket removal
MD998778
(1) If it is difficult to remove the sprocket, use the special tool.
6EN0642
E Timing belt “B” removal

(1) Make a mark on the back of the timing belt indicating the
direction of rotation so it may be reassembled in the same
direction if it is to be reused.
NOTE: Water or oil on the belt shortens its life drastically, so

the removed timing belt, sprocket, and tensioner must be free
from oil and water. These parts should not be washed.
Replace part if seriously contaminated.
6EN1322
(2) If there is oil or water on each part check front case oil
seals, camshaft oil seal and water pump for leaks.
F Counterbalance shaft sprocket removal

(1) Set the special tool as shown to prevent the
counterbalance shaft sprocket from turning together.
(2) Loosen the bolt and remove the sprocket.
MD998785
6EN0636
G Crankshaft sprocket “B” removal
MD998778 (1) If it is difficult to remove the sprocket, use the special tool.
6EN0637

H Crankshaft sprocket removal
MB990767
(1) Using the special tool show in the illustration, lock the
camshaft sprocket in position.
(2) Loosen the camshaft sprocket bolt.
MD998719
6EN0668
Inspection
1. Timing Belt
Replace belt if any of the following conditions exist.
(1) Hardening of back rubber.

Back side is glossy without resilience and leaves no
indent when pressed with fingernail.
8EN0066
Cracks Cracks (2) Cracks on rubber back.

(3) Cracks or peeling of canvas.
(4) Cracks on tooth bottom.
(5) Cracks on belt sides.
Peeling Cracks
Cracks 8EN0044
(6) Abnormal wear of belt sides.
Rounded edge NOTE: The sides are normal if they are sharp as if cut by a
knife.
Abuormal wear
(Flutty strand)
8EN0067

(7) Abnormal wear on teeth
Rubber exposed Earlier stage:
Canvas worn (canvas fibers napped, rubber lost,
discolored whitish, and unclear canvas texture)
Latter stage:
Tooth missing Canvas lost, rubber exposed (tooth width thinner)
(8) Missing tooth
8EN0068

A Camshaft sprocket installation
MB990767 (1) Using the special tools show in the illustration, lock the
camshaft sprocket in position.
(2) Tighten the camshaft sprocket bolt to the specified torque.
MD998719
6EN0669
B Engine support bracket installation

(1) Coat the bolts illustrated with sealant before tightening.
Specified sealant: 3MTM AAD Part No. 8762 or equivalent
6EN0739
C Counterbalance shaft sprocket installation

(1) Install the counterbalance shaft sprocket and screw the
bolt.
MD998785
(2) Install special tool as shown in the illustration to lock the
counterbalance shaft.
(3) Tighten the bolt, and then remove the special tool.
6EN0636

D Timing belt “B” installation
Timing (1) Align timing mark on the crankshaft sprocket “B” and
marks timing counterbalance shaft sprocket with the marks on the front
(on fron marks case respectively.
case)
(2) Install the timing belt “B” on the crankshaft sprocket “B”
and counterbalance shaft sprocket. There should be no
slack on the tension side.
DEN0602
(3) Make sure that the relationship between the tensioner

Tensioner “B” pulley center and the bolt center is as shown in the
illustration.
Center of
tensioner
Center of bolt
paller 6EN0571
(4) Move the tensioner “B” in the direction of arrow while

lifting with a finger to give a sufficient tension to the
tension side of timing belt. In this condition, tighten bolt to
secure tensioner “B”. When the bolt is tightened, use care
to prevent shaft from turning together. If shaft is turned
together, belt will be over tensioned.
6EN0572
(5) Check to ensure that timing marks on sprockets and front

case are in alignment.
(6) Press with index finger the center of span on the tension
Belt
Timing deflection
side of timing belt “B”. The belt must deflect 5 to 7 mm.
marks [0.196 to 0.276 in].
timing
marks
6EN0573

E Crankshaft bolt installation
(1) Using the special tool, hold the flywheel.
(2) Install the crankshaft pulley in position.
MD998781
6EN0634
F Oil pump sprocket installation

(1) Insert a phillips screwdriver (shank diameter 8 mm[0.31
in.] shaft) through the plug hole on the left side of the
cylinder block to the left counterbalance shaft.
(2) Install the oil pump sprocket.
(3) Apply a proper amount of engine oil to the bearing
surfaces of the nuts.
(4) Tighten the nuts to the specified torque.
Screw driver
6EN0564
G Crankshaft bolt installation

Spring end
Tensioner
(1) Hook the tensioner spring end to the water pump body
spring projection and tensioner bracket.
Spring
(2) Move the tensioner fully toward the water pump and
end tighten the bolt and tensioner spacer.
Bolt
Water pump Tensioner 6EN0555
H Timing belt installation

(1) Align the timing mark on the camshaft sprocket with that
on the cylinder head.
Timing mark
6EN0670

(2) Align the timing mark on the crankshaft sprocket with that
on the front case.
Timing mask
6EN0671
(3) Align the timing mark on the oil pump sprocket with its
Timing mark mating mark.
6EN0672
(4) Install the timing belt on the crankshaft sprocket, oil pump
Tensioner sprocket and camshaft sprocket in that order.
spacer
There should be no slack on the tension side.
(5) Apply a reverse direction (counterclockwise) force to the
camshaft sprocket to make the tension side of the belt
“tight”. In that state, recheck that all the timing marks are
in alignment.
(6) Loosen a turn or two the tensioner bolt and nut that were
temporarily tightened to hold the tensioner on the water
pump side. This gives tension to the belt by the action of
6EN0015 the tensioner spring.
(7) Rotate the crankshaft by the amount equivalent to two
camshaft sprocket teeth in the forward (clockwise)
direction. Since this step is intended for giving the timing
belt proper tension, do not attempt rotate the crankshaft
Timing mark in the reverse (counterclockwise) direction or press the
belt to check the tension.
Two
teeth
Timing
mark
Timing
belt
6EN0562

(8) Apply force to the tensioner in the direction shown by
arrow to make the belt engage completely with each
sprocket.
Tensioner
6EN0017
(9) Tighten the tensioner attaching bolt to the specified

Tensioner
torque.
spacer (10) Tighten the tensioner spacer to the specified torque.
NOTE: If the nut is tightened first, the tensioner may also turn
together with the nut and loose tension of the belt may result.
Always tighten the bolt (at the bottom of the tensioner) first
and then tighten the nut (at the top of the tensioner).
Tensioner 6EN0015
(11) Hold the center of the tension side span of the timing
belt (between the camshaft and oil pump sprockets)
14mm between your thumb and index finger as shown. Then,
(0.55in)
make sure that the clearance between the belt back
surface and cover meets the standard value.
Standard value: 14 mm (0.55 in.)
6EN0616

Intake Manifold
6EN1894
Removal steps
1. Water outlet 4. Engine hanger
2. Gasket 5. Intake manifold
3. Thermostat 6. Gasket

Exhaust Manifold and Water Pump
Gasoline/LPG Engine
6EN1895
Removal steps
1. Oil level gauge 7. Exhaust manifold
2. Oil level gauge guide 8. Gasket
3. O-ring A 9. Water inlet pipe
4. Heat protector A A 10.O-ring
5. Heat protector B 11. Water hose
6. Engine hanger 12. Water pump
13. Gasket

A O-ring and water pipe installation
Replace the water inlet pipe O-ring with a new one.
Apply water to the outer circumference of the O-ring for
easier insertion into the water pump and thermostat housing.
Caution:
1) Never apply engine oil or any other oil or grease to the O-
ring.
2) Fasten the water pipe after the thermostat housing has
been installed.

LPG Engine (Low Emission Version)
T=4.5(32.5)[45]
Removal steps 8. Exhaust manifold

1. Oil level gauge 9. Gasket
2. Oil level gauge guide A 10. Water inlet pipe
3. O-ring A 11.O-ring
4. Heat protector A 12. Water hose
5. Heat protector B 13. Water pump
6. Oxygen sensor 14. Gasket
7. Engine hanger

Rocker Arms And Camshaft
6EN1896
Removal steps
1. Breather hose D 12. Bearing cap No. 4
2. P.C.V. hose 13. Rocker arm C
3. P.C.V. valve D 14. Bearing cap No. 3
4. Oil filler cap D 15. Bearing cap No. 2
5. Rocker cover C 16. Wave washer
6. Gasket B 17. Right rocker shaft
G 7. Semi-circular packing B 18. Left rocker shaft
A 8. Rocker arms and rocker shafts 19. Front bearing cap
9. Rear bearing cap E 20. Lash adjuster
10. Rear arm D F 21. Oil seal
11. Spring A 22. Camshaft

MD998443 Removal Service Points
A Rocker arm and rocker shaft removal
Caution:
If the lash adjuster is re-used, clean the lash adjuster.
(1) Fit the lash adjuster onto the rocker arm without allowing
diesel fuel to spill out. Fit. Special tool MD998443 to
prevent the lash adjuster coming free and falling to the
6EN0569
floor.
Inspection
1. Camshaft
Measure the cam height and if the limit is exceeded,
replace.
Limit: 41.12 mm (1.6189 in.)
2. Lash Adjuster
9EN0058
Caution:
•The lash adjusters are precision-engineered mechanisms.
Do not allow them to become contaminated by dirt or other
foreign substances.
•Do not attempt to disassemble the lash adjusters.
•Use only fresh diesel fuel to clean the lash adjusters
(1) Prepare three containers and approximately five liters of

Cutside Inside Filling with diesel fuel. Into each container, pour enough diesel fuel to
cleaning cleaning diesel fuel
completely cover a lash adjuster when it is standing
upright. Then, perform the following steps with each lash
adjuster.
A B C
6EN1698

(2) Place the lash adjuster in container A and clean its
outside surface.
NOTE: Use a nylon brush if deposits are hard to remove.
Diesel
fuel
6EN1699
(3) While gently pushing down the internal steel ball using
special tool MD998442, move the plunger through five to
ten strokes until it slides smoothly. In addition to
eliminating stiffness in the plunger, this operation will
remove dirty oil.
Caution: The steel ball spring is extremely weak, so the lash

Diesel fuel adjuster’s functionality may be lost if the air bleed wire is
pushed in hard.
MD998442
6EN1808 NOTE: If the plunger remains stiff or the mechanism appears
otherwise abnormal, replace the lash adjuster.
(4) Remove the lash adjuster from the container. Then, push
down the steel ball gently and push the plunger to
eliminate diesel fuel from the pressure chamber.
MD998442
Diesel fuel 6EN1809
(5) Place the lash adjuster in container B. Then, gently push

down the internal steel ball using special tool MD998442
and move the plunger through five to ten strokes until it
slides smoothly. This operation will clean the lash
adjuster’s pressure chamber.
Caution: The steel ball spring is extremely weak, so the lash

Diesel fuel
adjuster’s functionality may be lost if the air bleed wire is
pushed in hard.
6EN1808

(6) Remove the lash adjuster from the container. Then, push
down the steel ball gently and push the plunger to
eliminate diesel fuel from the pressure chamber.
MD998442
Diesel fuel
6EN1809
(7) Place the lash adjuster in container C. Then, gently push

down the internal steel ball using special tool MD998442.
Caution: Do not use container C for cleaning. If cleaning is

performed in container C, foreign matter could enter the
pressure chamber when the chamber is filled with diesel fuel.
Diesel fuel
6EN1810
(8) Stand the lash adjuster with its plunger at the top, then
push the plunger downward firmly until it moves through
its greatest possible stroke. Return the plunger slowly,
then release the steel ball and allow the pressure
chamber to fill with diesel fuel.
Diesel fuel
6EN1811
(9) Remove the lash adjuster from the container, then stand
the lash adjuster with its plunger at the top.
Push the plunger firmly and check that it does not move.
NOTE: If lash adjuster contracts, perform the operations (7)

through (9) again to fill it with diesel fuel completely.
Replace the lash adjuster if it still contracts after performing
these steps.
(10) Stand the lash adjuster upright to prevent diesel fuel

6EN1704 spilling out. Do not allow the lash adjuster to become
contaminated by dirt or other foreign matter. Fit the lash
adjuster onto the engine as soon as possible.

A Camshaft installation
Apply engine oil to the journals and cams of the camshafts.
Install the camshaft on the cylinder head.
Notch B Rocker shaft installation

Insert the rocker shafts into the front bearing cap so that the
notches on the shafts face up, and insert the installation bolts
without tightening them.
Frout bearing cap 6EN0575
Wave washer C Wave washer installation

Install the wave washer in correct direction as shown.
Front No.1 intake

bearing side rocker
cap arm
6EN0576
D Bearing cap
Rocker cover Mounting bolt hole (1) No.3 bearing cap looks very similar to No.2 and No.4
bearing caps.
NOTE: No.2 bearing cap is the same as No.4 bearing cap.
(2) Install the bearing caps with their front marks pointing to
the camshaft sprocket side.
Front mark Indentification Mark
No.2 No.3 No.4
6EN0024

MD998443 E Lash adjuster installation
Caution: If the lash adjuster is re-used, clean the lash

adjuster.
(1) Set special tool MD998443 to prevent the lash adjuster

coming free and falling to the floor.
6EN0569
F Camshaft oil seal installation
MD998713 (1) Apply engine oil to the lip area of the oil seal and the
camshaft front end outer diameter.
(2) Using special tool, install the camshaft oil seal.
6EN0650
G Semi-circular packing installation

Apply sealant
(1) Apply sealant to the location shown in the illustration.
Specified sealant: 3MTM AAD Part No. 8672 or equivalent.
DEN0053

Cylinder Head And Valves
6EN1897
Removal steps
A D 1. Cylinder head bolt 11. Exhaust valve
2. Cylinder head assembly C A 12. Valve stem seal
3. Cylinder head gasket 13. Valve spring seat
B C 4. Retainer lock C A 14. Valve stem seal
5. Valve spring retainer 15. Valve spring seat
B 6. Valve spring 16. Intake valve guide
7. Intake valve 17. Exhaust valve guide
B C 8. Retainer lock 18. Intake valve seat
9. Valve spring retainer 19. Exhaust valve seat
B 10. Valve spring 20. Cylinder head

A Cylinder head bolt removal

MB991654
Using special tool, loosen the cylinder head bolts.
Loosen each bolt evenly, little by little, by two or three steps.
6EN0717
B Retainer lock removal

Store removed valves, springs and other parts, tagged to
MD998772
indicate their cylinder No. and location for reassembly.
6EN0652
C Valve stem seal removal
Caution: Do not reuse removed valve stem seal.
Inspection
1. Cylinder Head
6EN0718 (1) Check the cylinder head for water leaks, gas leaks,
damage or cracks before cleaning.
(2) Thoroughly remove oil, water scale, sealant, carbon
deposit, etc. After the oil passages have been cleaned,
blow air to make sure that they are clean.
(3) Check the cylinder head gasket surface for flatness by
using straightedge and thickness gauge.
If the service limit is exceeded, correct to meet the
specification.
Standard valve: 0.03 mm (0.0012 in.) or less.
Limit: 0.2 mm (0.008 in.)
Grinding limit: 0.2 mm (0.008 in.)
Cylinder head height (when new): 89.9 to 90.1 mm
(3.539 to 3.547 in.)
6EN0719 NOTE: Grinding the cylinder head is permitted as long as the

total thickness of the metal removed from the cylinder head
and the cylinder block does not exceed 0.2 mm (0.008 in.).

2. Valve
(1) Check the valve face for correct contact. If incorrect,
reface. Valve seat contact should be maintained uniform
at the center of valve face.
Valve seat (2) If the margin exceeds the service limit, replace the valve:
contact
Standard value:
Margin
Intake 1.2 mm (0.047 in.)
Exhaust 2.0 mm (0.079 in.)
Limit:
6EN0542 Intake 0.7 mm (0.028 in.)
Exhaust 1.5 mm (0.059 in.)
(3) Measure the valve’s total length. If the measurement is
less than specified, replace the valve.
Standard value:
Intake 106.6 mm (4.197 in.)
Exhaust 105.2 mm (4.142 in.)
Limit:
Intake 106.1 mm (4.177 in.)
Exhaust 104.7 mm (4.122 in.)
3. Valve Spring
Out of squareness
(1) Measure the free height of spring and, if it is smaller than
the limit, replace.
Limit: 47.0 mm (1.85 in.)
Free height
(2) Measure the squareness of the spring and, if the limit is

exceeded, replace.
Standard value: 2 degrees or less
1EN0264 Limit: 4 degrees
4. Valve Guide
Measure the clearance between the valve guide and valve
stem. If the limit is exceeded, replace the valve guide or
valve, or both.
Valve
guide
Stem I.D.
Guide I.D. 1EN0279

Valve stem end 5. Valve Seats
(1) Assemble the valve, than measure the valve stem
projection between the end of the valve stem and the
Valve Projection
spring seating surface. If the measurement exceeds the
specified limit, replace the valve seat.
Spring seating
Limit: 42.55 mm (1.6752 in.)
surface
DEN0212
Unit : mm(in) 0.9 Valve Seat Reconditioning Procedure

(0.0 to 1.3 )
35 t o 1.3 .051
o 0.
05 0.9 0t 35 to 0
60˚ 1) (0. (1) Before correcting the valve seat, check for clearance
60˚ between the valve guide and valve and, if necessary,
replace the valve guide.
(2) Correct to obtain the specified seat width and angle.
(3) After correction, valve and valve seat should be lapped
with a lapping compound.
25˚ 43.5˚ to
43.5˚ to 44˚ 44˚ 25˚
1EN0105
0.5 to 1.0 Unit : mm(in) Valve Seat Replacement Procedure

(0.020 to 0.039)
(1) Cut the valve seat to be replaced from the inside to thin
the wall thickness. Then, remove the valve seat.
Cut away
0.5 to 1.0
(0.020 to 0.030)
1EN0274
(2) Rebore the valve seat hole in the cylinder head to a

selected oversize valve seat diameter.
(3) Before fitting the valve seat, cool the valve seat in liquid
nitrogen, to prevent the cylinder head bore from galling.
Height of (4) Using a valve seat cutter, correct the valve seat to the
valve seat specified width and angle.
See “Valve Seat Reconditioning Procedure”.
Over size I.D

1EN0275

Valve Guide Replacement Procedure
(1) Using a press, remove the valve guide toward the cylinder
block side.
(2) Rebore the valve guide hole to the new oversize valve
guide outside diameter.
NOTE: Do not install a valve guide of the same size again.

Valve guide hole diameter.
0.05 O.S. 13.05 to 13.07 mm (0.5138 to 0.5146 in.)

0.25 O.S. 13.25 to 13.27 mm (0.5217 to 0.5224 in.)
0.50 O.S. 13.50 to 13.52 mm (0.5315 to 0.5323 in.)
Press Press (3) Press in the valve guide to the position shown in the
illustration.
Push rod NOTE:

(0.453 in)
1) Press-fit the valve guide, working from the cylinder head

11.5mm
Valve Valve top surface.

guide guide 2) Note that the intake and exhaust side valve guides are
different in length.
Removal Installation 3) After installing valve guides, insert new valves in them to
6EN0543 check for sliding condition.

MD998729
A Valve stem seal installation

(1) Install the valve spring seat.
(2) Using special tool, install the new valve stem seat to the
valve guide.
Caution:
1) Do not reuse removed valve stem seal.
6EN0743 2) The special tool must be used to install the valve stem
seal. Improper installation could result in oil leaking past
the valve guide.
B Valve spring installation

Spring Direct the valve spring end with identification color toward the
Indentification retainer
rocker arm.
color
Stem seal
Spring seat
6EN0437

C Retainer lock installation
MD998772 The valve spring, if excessively compressed, causes the

bottom end of the retainer to be in contact.
6EN0652
D Cylinder head bolt installation

(1) When installing the cylinder head bolts, check that the
shank length of each bolt meets the limit is exceeded,
replace the bolt.
Shank length (2) Apply engine oil to the bolt threads and washers.
6EN0782
(3) According to the tightening sequence, tighten the bolts to

8 6 1 3 9 8.0 kg•m (57.9 lb•ft)[80 N•m].
(4) Loosen the bolts completely.
(5) Torque the bolts to 2.0 kg•m (14.5 lb•ft)[20 N•m].
(6) Tighten the bolts 1/4 turns (90°) more.
(7) Tighten the bolts 1/4 turns (90°) additionally.
Caution:
10 4 2 5 7 1) If the bolt is turned less than 90°, proper fastening
performance may not be expected. When tightening the
6EN0694 bolt, therefore, be careful to give a sufficient turn to it.
2) If the bolt is over tightened, loosen the bolt completely and
then retighten it by repeating the tightening procedure
from step (1).

Front Case And Oil Pan
6EN1898
Removal steps
N 1. Oil filter H 17. Oil pump case assembly
M 2. Oil pressure switch 18. Front case gasket
3. Drain plug G 19. Oil pump cover
L 4. Drain plug gasket G 20. Oil pump drive gear
A K 5. Oil pan G 21. Oil pump driven gear
6. Oil screen F 22. Crankshaft front oil seal
7. Oil screen gasket E 23. Oil pump oil seal
B J 8. Plug D 24. Counterbalance shaft oil seal
9. O-ring 25. Front case
C I 10. Flange bolt 26. Counterbalance shaft, left
11. Relief plug 27. Counterbalance shaft, right
12. Gasket D C 28. Counterbalance shaft, front bearing
13. Relief spring E B 29. Counterbalance shaft, rear bearing,left
14. Relief plunger E A 30. Counterbalance shaft, rear bearing, right
15. Oil filter bracket
16. Oil filter bracket gasket

MD998727 A Oil pan removal
(1) Remove the all oil pan bolts.
(2) Drive in the special tool between the cylinder block and
oil pan
(3) Side the tool by striking the edge of the special tool to
separate the oil pan from the cylinder block.
6EN0698
B Plug removal
MD998162 (1) Fit special tool MD998162 on the plug, then hold it in
position with special tool MD998783.
(2) Loose the plug.
MD998783
6EN0909
C Oil pump oil seal installation

(1) Remove the plug on the side of cylinder block.
(2) Insert a phillips screwdriver(shank diameter 8mm[0.31
in.]) into the plug hole to lock the counterbalance shaft.
Screw driver
Plug
6EN1026
(3) Loosen the flange bolt.
6EN0565

D Counterbalance shaft front bearing removal
(1) Using the special tool, remove the counterbalance shaft
front bearing from the cylinder block.
NOTE: Be sure to remove the front bearing first. If it has not

been removed, the rear bearing puller cannot be used.
Front
bearing
MD998371 3EN0166
E Counterbalance shaft rear bearing removal

MB991603
(1) Using the special tool, remove the counterbalance shaft
rear bearing from the cylinder block.
NOTE: When removing the left counterbalance shaft

bearing, install the special tool (MB991603) in front of the
cylinder block.
MD998372
6EM0207
Inspection
1. Front Case
(1) Check oil holes for clogging and clean if necessary.
(2) Check the left counterbalance shaft front bearing section
for wear, damage and seizure. If there is anything wrong
with the section, replace the front case.
(3) Check the front case for cracks and other damage.
Replace cracked or damaged front case.
2. Oil Seal
(1) Check the oil seal lip for wear and Replace oil seal if
necessary.
(2) Check the oil seal lip for deterioration. Replace oil seal if
necessary.
3. Counterbalance Shaft
(1) Check oil hole for clogging.
(2) Check journals for seizure, damaged and contact with
bearing. If there is anything wrong with the journal
assembly.
DEN0711

4. Oil Pump
(1) Assemble the oil pump to the front case and rotate it to
ensure smooth rotation with no looseness.
(2) Check the side clearance using a thickness gauge.
(3) Check the side clearance
Standard value:
0.08 to 0.14 mm (0.0031 to 0.0055 in.)
Drive gear
0.06 to 0.12 mm (0.0024 to 0.0047 in.)
6LU0013 Driven gear
A Right counterbalance shaft rear bearing

installation
(1) Apply engine oil to the outer surface of bearing.
(2) Using special tools, install right rear bearing. Make sure
that oil hole of bearing is aligned with oil hole of cylinder
block.
MD998705
MD998705
Cylinder block
6EN1034

B Left counterbalance shaft rear bearing
installation
MB991603
(1) Install the special tool (Guide Plate) to cylinder block.
(2) Apply engine oil to the rear bearing outer circumference
and bearing hole in the cylinder block.
(3) Using the special tool, install the rear bearing.
NOTE: The left rear bearing has no oil holes.
MD998705
6EN0208
Rear bearing
MB991603
MD998705
6EN0557
C Counterbalance shaft front bearing installation

(1) Using the special tool, install the rear bearing.
MD998705
MD998705
Bearing
Cylinder block
6EN1035

D Counterbalance shaft oil seal installation
(1) Using a suitable socket wrench, install the
Socket wrench counterbalance shaft oil into the front case.
Front case
Oil seal
6EN0580
E Oil pump oil seal installation

Socket (1) Using a suitable socket wrench, install the oil pump oil
seal into the front case.
Oil seal
Front case
6EN0494
F Crank shaft front oil seal installation

(1) Using the special tool, install the crankshaft front oil seal
MD998375 into the front case.
Oil seal
Front case
6EN0579
G Oil pump driven gear/oil pump drive gear

installation
Alignment (1) Apply engine oil amply to the gears and line up the
mark alignment marks.
6LU0015

H Front case installation
(1) Set the special tool on the front end of the crankshaft
and apply a thin coat of engine oil to the outer
circumference of the special tool to install the front case.
MD998285
6EN0746
(2) Install the front case assembly through a new front case
gasket and temporarily tighten the flange bolts(other
than those for tightening the filter bracket).
MD998285
6EN0747
I Flange bolt installation

(1) Insert a Phillips screwdriver into a hole in the left side of
the cylinder block to lock the counterbalance shaft.
Screw driver
6EN0564
(2) Secure the oil pump driven gear onto the left
counterbalance shaft by tightening the flange bolt to
specified torque.
6EN0565

J Plug installation
MD998162
(1) Install a new o-ring to the groove of the front case.
(2) Install a plug to the front case.
(3) Fit the special tool MD998162 on the plug, and then
hold in position with special tool MD998783.
(4) Tighten the plug to the special tool MD998783.
(5) Remove the special tools MD998783 and MD998162.
MD998783
6EN0909
K Oil pan installation

(1) Clean both mating surface of the oil pan and cylinder
block.
FIPG
(2) Apply a 4 mm (0.16 in.) wide bead of FIPG to the entire
circumference of the oil pan flange. The oil pan should
be installed in 15 minutes after the application of FIPG.
Specified FIPG: 3MTM AAD Part No.8672 or equivalent
Groove
Bolt hole portion
portion
6EN0213
(3) Note the difference in bolt lengths at the location shown.

Crank pulley side
8mm bolts
Oil pan viewed from lower side

6EN0449
Drain plug
L Drain plug gasket installation
(1) Install the drain plug gasket in the direction shown.
Caution: Fitting the gasket in a wrong way will result in oil

Oil seal leakage.
Gasket
Oil pan side
7EN0179

M Oil pressure switch installation
Specified sealant: 3MTM AAD Part No. 8672 or equivalent
Sealant
Caution:
1) Keep the end of threaded portion clear of sealant.
2) Avoid an over tightening.
9EN0094
N Oil filter installation

Bracket side
(1) Clean the installation surfaces of the filter bracket.
(2) Apply engine oil to the o-ring of oil filter.
(3) Screw the oil filter in until the o-ring contacts the
bracket.
Engine Oil
6EN0591

Piston And Connecting Rod
6EN1899
Removal steps
G 1. Nut C 7. Piston ring No. 2
A F 2. Connecting rod cap B 8. Oil ring
E 3. Connecting rod bearing B A 9. Piston pin
D 4. Piston and connecting rod assembly 10. Piston
E 5. Connecting rod bearing 11. Connecting rod
C 6. Piston ring No. 1 12. Bolt

A Connecting rod cap removal

Cylinder
number Mark the cylinder number on the side of the connecting rod
big end for correct reassembly.
DEN0050
unit:mm(in) B Piston pin removal

Push rod Guide B Guide A
17.9(0.705) The special tool, Piston Pin Setting Tool (MD998780),
consists of the parts shown in the illustration at the left.
Guide A
Guide C 18.9(0.744)
Base Guide A
20.9(0.823)
Guide A
21.9(0.862)
7EN0431
(1) Insert the special tool, Push Rod, into the piston from
the side on which the front mark is stamped in the piston
Push rod head, and attach the guide C to the push rod end.
(2) Place the piston and connecting rod assembly on the
special tool, Piston Pin Setting Base, with the front mark
facing upward.
Front mark (3) Using a press, remove the piston pin.
Front
mark NOTE: Keep the disassembled piston, piston pins and
connecting rods in order according to the cylinder number.
Guide C
Base
7EN0390

Inspection
1. Piston Ring
(1) Check for the clearance between the piston ring and ring
groove. If the limit is exceeded, replace the ring or both
piston and ring.
(2) Install the piston ring into the cylinder bore. Force it
down with a piston, its crown being in contact with the
ring, to correctly position it at right angles to the cylinder
7EN0475 wall. Then, measure the end gap with a feeler gauge.
If the ring gap is excessive, replace the piston ring.
Standard value:
No.1 0.25 to 0.40 mm (0.0098 to 0.0157 in.)
No.2 0.45 to 0.60 mm (0.0177 to 0.0236 in.)
Oil 0.20 to 0.60 mm (0.0079 to 0.0236 in.)
Limit:
Press down ring
No.1, No.2 0.8 mm(0.031 in.)
with piston
Oil 1.0 mm (0.039 in.)
Piston ring End gap 7EN0476
2. Crankshaft Pin Oil Clearance (Plastic Gauge

Method)
(1) Remove oil from the crankshaft pin and the connecting
rod bearing.
(2) Cut the plastic gauge to the same length as the width of
the bearing and place it on the crankshaft pin in parallel
with its axis.
(3) Install the connecting rod cap carefully and tighten the
bolts to the specified torque.
1EN0246 (4) Remove the bolt and carefully remove the connecting
rod cap.
(5) Measure the width of the plastic gauge at its widest part
by using the scale printed on the plastic gauge package.
Limit: 0.1 mm (0.004 in.)

Piston Installation Service Points
A Piston pin installation

(1) Measure the following dimensions of the piston, piston
pin and connecting rod.
A: Piston pin insertion hole length
B: Distance between piston bosses
C: Piston pin length
D: Connecting rod
(2) Obtain dimension L (to be used later) from the above
measurements by using by following formula.
(A - C) - (B - D)
L= 2
(3) Insert the special tool, Push Rod, into the piston pin and
attach the guide A to the push rod end.
(4) Assemble the connecting rod in the piston with their front
marks facing the same direction.
(5) Apply engine oil to the entire periphery of the piston pin.
(6) Insert the piston pin, push rod and guide A assembly
Connecting rod having assembled in stop (3) from the guide A side into
the piston pin hole on the front marked side.
Piston pin
A7EN0432 (7) Screw the guide B into the guide A until the gap between
both guides amounts to the value L obtained in step (2)
plus 3 mm (0.12 in.)
3mm (0.12in) +L2
Guide B Guide A
7EN0433
Push rod
Piston pin
Front mark
Front mark
(8) Place the piston onto the piston setting base with the
front marks directed upward.
(9) Press-fit the piston pin using a press.
If the press-fitting force required is less than the
Guide A standard value, replace the piston and piston pin set
or/and the connecting rod.
Base
Standard value: 750 to 1750 kgf
(1654 to 3859 lbf)
[7350 to 17160 N]
Guide B
7EN0391

B Oil ring installation
Side (1) Fit the oil ring spacer into the piston ring groove. First,
rail install the upper side rail, and then install the lower side
rail.
Spacer
NOTE:
1) The side rails and spacer may be installed in either
direction.
2) The new spacers and side rails are painted in the
6EN0585 following colors to identify their sizes.
Size Identification color

STD No color
0.50 mm (0.020 in.) O.S. Blue
1.00 mm (0.040 in.) O.S. Yellow
(2) To install the side rail, first fit one end of the rail into the
Side rail gap
piston groove, then press the remaining portion into
position by finger. See illustration.
Caution: The side rail could be broken if it is expanded with

a piston ring expander in the same way as with a
compression ring.
(3) Make sure that the side rails move smoothly in either
direction.
7EN0451
Identification
Identification C Piston ring No.2/piston ring No.1 installation
mark Size mark
(1) To prevent wrong installation, check the identification
mark of each piston ring. The installation mark is
stamped near the ring gap.
NOTE: Size mark on piston ring are as follows.
9EN0524
Size Size mark
STD Paint red
0.50 mm (0.020 in.) O.S. 50
1.00 mm (0.040 in.) O.S. 100

(2) Using piston ring expander, fit No.2 and then No.1 piston
ring into position.
NOTE: Install piston ring with identification mark facing up,

to the piston crown
(3) Install the No.1 piston ring in the same manner as

step 2.
7EN0452
D Piston and connecting rod installation

Upper No.1
side (1) Liberally coat engine oil on the circumference of the
rail piston, piston ring, and oil ring.
(2) Arrange the piston ring and oil ring gaps (side rail and
spacer) as shown in the illustration.
Piston pin
(3) Insert the piston and connecting rod assembly from
above the cylinder in such a way that the front
mark(arrow) on the top of the piston will be directed
No.2 ring gap Lower side toward the camshaft sprocket.
and space gap ral
6EN0549
(4) Insert the piston and connecting rod assembly with the
piston rings held firmly with a ring band. Forcing it by
pounding should be avoided because damage to the
piston rings or crank pin could result.
9EN0072

No.1 E Connecting rod bearing installation
When the bearings are replaced, select and install them
No.4 according to the identification colors on the crankshaft and
identification marks stamped on the connecting rod bearing.
Crankshaft Connecting rod bearing

Pin Pin O.D. Identification Thickness,
No.2
No.3 identification mm (in.) mark or color mm (in.)
6EN0700 color
44.995 to 1.487 to
45.000 1 1.491
Yellow
(1.77145 to or Yellow (0.05854 to
1.77165) 0.05870)
44.985 to 1.491 to
44.995 2 1.495
None
(1.77106 to or None (0.05870 to
1.77145) 0.05886)
44.980 to 1.495 to
44.985 3 1.499
White
(1.77086 to or Blue (0.05886 to
1.77106) 0.05902)
Identfication mark
6AE0115 Connecting rod inside diameter:
48.000 to 48.015 mm (1.88976 to 1.89035 in.)
F Connecting rod cap installation

(1) Verifying the mark made during disassembly, install the
bearing cap to the connecting rod. If the connecting rod
Cylinder No. is new with no index mark, make sure that the bearing
locking notches come on the same side as shown.
Notches
DEN0051
(2) Make sure that connecting rod big end side clearance
meets the specification.
Limit: 0.4 mm (0.016 in.)
6EN0621

G Connecting rod cap nut installation
(1) Since the connecting rod bolts and nuts are torque using
a plastic area tightening method, they should be
examined BEFORE reuse. If the bolt threads are
“necked down”, the bolts should be replaced.
Necking can be checked by running a nut with fingers to
the full length of the bolt’s thread. If the nut does not run
down smoothly, the bolt should replaced.
(2) Before installing the nuts, the threads should be oiled
with engine oil.
(3) Install both nuts on the bolts finger tight, then alternately
torque each nut to assemble the cap properly.
(4) Tighten the nuts to 2.0 kg•m (14.5 lb•ft) [20 N•m] and
plus 1/4 (90°) turn.
Caution:
1) If the nut is turned less than 90°, proper fastening
nut, therefore, be careful to give a sufficient turn to it.
2) If the nut is over tightened (exceeding 100°), loosen the
nut completely and then retighten it by repeating the
tightening procedure from step (1).

Crankshaft And Cylinder Block
6EN1900
Removal steps
1. Flywheel bolt C 8. Crankshaft bearing cap
2. Flywheel B 9. Crankshaft bearing lower
F 3. F/W Housing 10. Crankshaft
4. Cover - F/W Housing B 11. Crankshaft bearing upper
E 5. Oil seal case B 12. Thrust bearing
D 6. Oil seal 13. Cylinder block
C 7. Crankshaft bearing cap bolt

Inspection
Plastic gauge
1. Crankshaft Oil Clearance (Plastic Gauge
Method)
Use of the plastic gauge can facilitate the oil clearance
measurement work.
To use the plastic gauge, proceed as follows:
(1) Remove oil from the crankshaft journal and crankshaft
bearing.
6EN0703
(2) Install the crankshaft.
(3) Cut the plastic gauge to the same length as the width of
the bearing and place it on the journal in parallel with its
axis.
(4) Install the crankshaft bearing cap carefully and tighten
the bolts to specified torque.
(5) Remove the bolt, and carefully remove the crankshaft
bearing cap.
(6) Measure the width of the plastic gauge at its widest part
by using a scale printed on the plastic gauge package.
Limit: 0.1 mm (0.004 in.)
6EN0623
2. Cylinder Block
(1) Visually check for scratches, rust, and corrosion. Use
also a flaw detecting agent for the check. If defects are
evident, correct, or replace.
(2) Using a straightedge and feeler gauge, check the block
top surface for warpage. Make sure that the surface is
free from gasket chips and other foreign matter.
Limit: 0.1 mm (0.004 in.)
9EN0074
(3) Check the cylinder walls for scratches and seizure. If

defects are evident, correct (bored to oversize) or
replace.
(4) Using a cylinder gauge, measure the cylinder bore and
cylindricity. If worn badly, rebore all cylinders to an
oversize and replace piston rings. Measure at the points
shown in the illustration.
Standard value:
Cylinder I.D.
86.50 to 86.53 mm (3.4055 to 3.4067 in.)
6EN0553 Cylindricity 0.1 mm (0.004 in.)

3. Cylinder Boring
(1) Oversize pistons to be used should be determined on
the basis of largest bore cylinder.
Thrust (2) Oversize pistons are available in four size 0.50 mm
direction (0.0197 in.), and 1.00 mm (0.0394 in.). Rebore the
cylinder to a diameter that matches the selected piston
outside diameter that matches the selected piston
outside diameter with the specified clearance. The
Piston O.D
reference piston outside diameter measuring point is
6En0554 shown in the illustration.
(3) Based on the measured piston O.D. calculate the boring
finish dimension.
Boring finish dimension = Piston O.D. + 0.02 to 0.04 mm
(0.0008 to 0.0016 in.) (clearance between piston O.D.
and cylinder ) - 0.02 mm (0.0008 in.) (honing margin)
(4) Bore all cylinders to the calculated boring finish
dimension.
Caution: To prevent distortion that may result from

temperature rise during boring, bore cylinders, working from
No.2 to No.4 to No.1 to No.3.
(5) Hone to the final finish dimension (piston O.D. +

clearance between piston O.D. and cylinder).
(6) Check the clearance between the piston and cylinder.
Standard value:
Clearance between piston and cylinder
0.02 to 0.04 mm (0.0008 to 0.0016 in.)

A Crankshaft thrust bearing installation
(1) Install the two thrust bearing in the No.3 bearing bore in
the cylinder block. For easier installation, apply engine
oil to the bearings, this will help fold them in position.
(2) The thrust bearings must be installed with their groove
side toward the crankshaft web.
Groovers
6EN1557

B Crankshaft bearing installation
(1) From the following table, select a bearing whose size is
appropriate for the crankshaft journal outside diameter.
Crankshaft journal Cylinder Crankshaft Identification

block bearing bearing for mark or
outside diameter
bore No.3 color
Identification Size Identification Identification Identification
color mm (in.) mark mark or color mark or color
Yellow 56.994 to 0 1 or Green 0 or Black
57.000
1 2 or Yellow 1 or Green
(2.2439 to
2.2241) 2 3 or None 2 or Yellow
None 56.988 to 0 2 or Yellow 1 or Green
56.994
1 3 or None 2 or Yellow
(2.2436 to
2.2439) 2 4 or Blue 3 or None
White 56.982 to 0 3 or None 2 or Yellow
56.988
1 4 or Blue 3 or None
(2.2434 to
2.2436) 2 5 or Red 4 or Blue
6EN0705
If the crankshaft journal outside diameter ID color is “yellow”

and the cylinder block bearing bore ID mark is “1” for
example, select a bearing whose ID mark is “2” or ID color is
“yellow” for No. 1, 2, 4 and 5, and a bearing whose ID mark
is “1” or ID color is “green” for No. 3.
If there is no ID color paint on the crankshaft, measure the
Bearing bore journal outside diameter and select a bearing appropriate for
identification the measured value.
mark
Cylinder
inner
diameter
size mark
Bottom of Rear face of

cylinder block cylinder block
6EN1632

Crankshaft journal Cylinder block bearing support section Crankshaft bearing
Identification O.D. mm (in.) Identification I.D. mm (in.) Identification Thickness mm(in.)
color mark mark
Yellow 0 61.000 to 61.006 1 1.988 to 1.991
(2.40157 to 2.40181) (0.07827 to 0.07839)
56.994 to 57.000 1 61.006 to 61.012 2 1.991 to 1.994
(2.24385 to 2.24409) (2.40181 to 2.40204) (0.07839 to 0.07850)
2 61.012 to 61.018 3 1.994 to 1.997
(2.40204 to 2.40228) (0.07850 to 0.07862)
None 0 61.000 to 61.006 2 1.991 to 1.994
(2.40157 to 2.40181) (0.07839 to 0.07850)
56.988 to 56.944 1 61.006 to 61.012 3 1.994 to 1.997
(2.24362 to 2.24189) (2.40181 to 2.40204) (0.07850 to 0.07862)
2 61.012 to 61.018 4 1.997 to 2.000
(2.40204 to 2.40228) (0.07862 to 0.07874)
White 0 61.000 to 61.006 3 1.994 to 1.997
(2.40157 to 2.40181) (0.07850 to 0.07862)
56.982 to 56.988 1 61.006 to 61.012 4 1.997 to 2.000
(2.24338 to 2.24362) (2.40181 to 2.40204) (0.07862 to 0.07874)
2 61.012 to 61.018 5 2.000 to 2.003
(2.40204 to 2.40228) (0.07874 to 0.07886)
Identification mark of
color
6EN1096
(2) Install the bearing having an oil groove to the cylinder

Groove
block.
(3) Install the bearing having no oil groove to the bearing
caps.
for upper
for lower
6EN1558

C Bearing cap/bearing cap bolt installation
(1) Install the bearing caps so that their arrows are
8 4 1 5 9 positioned on the timing belt side.
(2) When installing the bearing cap bolts, check that the
shank length of each bolt meets the limit. If the limit is
exceeded, replace the bolt.
7 3 2 6
Limit: Max. 71.1 mm (2.799 in.)
10
(3) Torque the bearing cap bolts to 2.5 kgf•m (18.1 lb•ft)[25
N•m] and, from that position, retighten them 1/4 (90°)
6EN0624 turns more.
Caution:
1) If the bolt is turned less than 90°, proper fastening
bolt, therefore, be careful to give a sufficient turn to it.
2) If the bolt is over tightened (exceeding 100°), loosen the
bolt completely and then retighten it by repeating the
tightening procedure from step (1).
(4) After installing the bearing caps, make sure that the end
play is correct. If the end play exceeds the limit, replace
the crankshaft bearings.
Limit: 0.4 mm (.016 in.)
6EN0625
D Oil seal installation

MB990938
(1) Using the special tool, knock, the oil seal into the oil seal
case.
MD998776
6EN0709

E Sealant application to oil seal case.
Specified sealant: Silicone RTV sealant or equivalent.
Seal ant
NOTE:
1) Be sure to install the case quickly while the sealant is
wet(within 15 minutes).
2) After installation, keep the sealant area away front the oil
and coolant for approx. one hour.
6EN0626
F Rear plate installation

(1) Be sure install the spring washers and special washers in
correct position.
Spring
washer
Special washer
6EN1919

ADJUSTING AND TROUBLESHOOTING
Adjustment
The following is the method of adjustment of the Gasoline
carburetor and pneumatic governor on a reassembled
engine. Rubber cap
Caution :
(1) The pneumatic governor hss been properly
adjusted and sealed in the factory before shipping.
Never break the seal unless it is necessary during
engine overhaul.
(2) If the pneumatic governor is readjusted, seal it
again and advise your user that he should not
break the seal.
Vacuum hose
1. Valve Clearance Adjustment
Being adjusted automatically with a lash adjuster, the

valve clearance needs no adjustment.
LPG
2. Ingition Timing Adjustment Rubber cap
(1) Let the engine warm up until the engine coolant

temperature rises to 80 to 95°C (176 to 203°F).
(2) Remove the vacuum hose at throttle body side and
plug open end of the nipple with something like
rubber cap.
(3) Connect the timing light to the No.1 spark plug,
and connect the power-supply leads of the light to
12V battery.
(4) Aim the timing light at the timing indicator at the Vacuum hose
crankshaft pulley.
(5) Check that ignition timing is as indicated when the

engine is running at idling speed.
Standard value :
Mounting
Gasoline 4°BTDC/740 rpm
nut
LPG 9°BTDC/740 rpm
(6) If not within the standard value, loosen distributor
fixing nuts and adjust by rotating distributor body.
Distributor
(7) Tighten the mounting nuts after adjusting.
(8)Remove the rubber cap and connect the vacuum
hose as it was.
To retard
To advance
G424 Service Manual 169 Adjustment and Troubleshooting

NOTE
Engine timing can be measured at not only engine
crankshaft pulley but also flywheel assy. The
measurement of engine timing at crankshaft pulley is
exact but it is difficult and dangerous. The
measurement of engine timing at flywheel side is safe,
but it is need to adjust zero position of timing plate like
the followings brfore measurement of engine timing.
1) Pull out key from key switch.

2) Remove timing plate(6) from the converter housing.
The flywheel shoulder has a single timing mark on
it. Put a white chalk mark on it, so it can be seen
more easily.
3) Rotate timing plate (6) 180° and mount it on the
6 converter housing again, using the other mounting
holes on plate (6). When plate (6) is mounted, the
timing marks should be close to the flywheel as
shown.
4) Rotate engine and align the timing mark of engine
crankshaft pulley to zero degree position of timing
indicator near crankshaft balancer.
5) Note the timing mark on the flywheel indicates
which position of timing plate(6). If timing mark does
not indicate zero degree position of timing plate(6),
IDES096S
the correct zero position should be marked on the
timing plate.
Timing Plate In Stored Position
(6) Timing Plate.
IDES097S
Timing Plate Rotated 180°

(6) Timing Plate.

3. Idling Speed Adjustment (3) While holding the adjust screw to prevent it from
turning, rotate the adjusting nut either clockwise or
Gasoline Carburetor
counterclockwise to make the engine run at 2700
L 50 rpm.
Adjusting nut:
Clockwise rotation
SAS Increases the engine speed (increases the
installed load of spring).
Counterclockwise rotation
Decreases the engine speed (decreases the
engine installed load of spring).
MAS 5. Anti-Hunting Adjustment
Governor Characteristics
Larger spring
(1) Let engine warm up until the engine coolant
rigidity
temperature rises to 80 to 95°C (176 to 203°F) Smaller spring
Out put (PS)

rigidity
(2) Back off the mixture adjussting screw (MAS)
3.5L0.5 turns.
(3) Adjust the engine speed to the specified low idling
speed with the speed adjusting screw (SAS).
standard value : 700L25rpm
Engine Speed (rpm)
(4) Slowly turn down the mixture adjusting 6EN0836
screw(MAS) to a point where the engine speed
(1) Place all the hydraulic levers or powertrain in the
begins to decrease.
neutral position.
(5) After racing the engine two or three times (at (2) Depress the accelerator pedal all the way. (The
approx .2500 rpm), re-adjust the speed adjusting carburetor throttle valve will open fully.)
screw to the point at which the engine rust at the (3) Slowly rotate the adjusting screw clockwise until
specified idling speed. hunting disappears.
Adjusting screw:
LP Gas Carburetor Clockwise rotation
Increases spring tension (reduces the number
See “Tests & Adjustments” of LP Fuel System Section.
of active turns of spring).
Counterclockwise rotation
Reduces spring tension (increases the
4. Air Governor Adjustment
number of active turns of spring).
High speed adjustment
Increasing the spring tension will eliminate hunting,
but an excessively high tension will change the
governor characteristics and produce some effects
on the output characteristics of the engine. It is,
therefore, imperative to limit the movement of the
adjusting screw to less than two turns from the
Screw standard position.
(4) Clockwise rotation of the adjusting screw raises
the engine maximum speed. Rotate the push nut
counterclockwise to reduce the speed.
Adjusting nut (5) Repeat anti-hunting adjustment two or three times
6EN0835 by alternately adjusting the push nut and the
adjusting screw until the best result is obtained.
(1) Place all the hydraulic levers in the neutral
(6) The number of active turns of spring should be
position.
around 13~15 when the adjustment is finished.
(2) Depress the accelerator pedal all the way. (The
carburetor throttle valve will open fully.)

Troubleshooting
Engine Performance
Symptom Cause
1. Poor engine idle. A. Clogged air breather.
B. Improper idle-fuel mixture adjustment.
C. Cap or spark-plug wires arcing.
D. Low grade fuel.
E. Incorrect ignition timing.
F. Spark plugs (fouled, burned, cracked porcelain).
G. Spark plug wires broken or faulty insulation.
H. Defective coil.
I. Cracked or dirty distributor cap.
J. Dirty carburetor.
K. Leak at intake manifold or carburetor base.
L. Low compression. (Check for blown head gasket).
M. Loose or worn distributor.
N. Head gasket, exhaust manifold, cracked head or valve seat.
2. Poor engine acceleration. A. Idle mixture screw.

B. Incorrect ignition timing.
C. Incorrect distributor advance curve.
D. Cracked or dirty distributor cap or rotor.
E. Vacuum leak on the intake manifold or carburetor base.
F. Spark plugs (fouled, burned, wrong heat range, cracked porcelain).
G. Dirty carburetor.
H. Low compression.
Engine Starting Problems

The following information will help to locate the starting problem:
1. Determine which engine system is causing the problem. To make an engine run, basic components - fuel,
spark (ignition) and compression - are required. If all three components are present, the engine should run. If
any one of the three is missing, weak or arriving at the wrong time, the engine will not run.
2. Determine if there is fuel present.
3. Check ignition system operation. Using appropriate spark tester, check for spark at coil and at each spark plug.
If there is a spark at the spark plug wires, remove the spark plugs and make sure they are the correct type and
heat range, and not fouled or burned.
4. Run a compression check on the engine to make sure it is mechanically sound.

Engine Starting Problems (Continued)
Symptom Cause
1. No spark. A. Distributor cap or spark plug leads arcing.
B. Spark plugs fouled, burned or cracked porcelain.
C. Spark plug wires are broken or have faulty insulation.
D. Battery, electrical connections, damaged wiring.
E. Ignition switch.
F. Faulty ignition components.
G. Cracked or dirty distributor cap.
H. Shorted tachometer. (Disconnect tachometer and try again).
2. Engine will not crank over. A. Battery charge low, damaged wiring or loose electrical connections.
B. Circuit breaker tripped (if equipped).
C. Bad ignition switch.
D. Bad starter solenoid.
E. Defective starter motor.
Charging System Problems

Symptom Cause
1. Gauges indicate no A. Loose or broken drive belt.
battery charge. B. Loose or corroded electrical connections.
C. Faulty ammeter or voltmeter.
D. Battery will not accept charge.
E. Faulty alternator or regulator.
2. Noisy alternator. A. Loose mounting bolts.

B. Worn, frayed or loose drive belt.
C. Loose drive pulley.
D. Worn or dirty bearings.
E. Faulty diode trio or stator.
Instrument Problems
Symptom Cause
1. Malfunctioning A. Faulty wiring, loose or corroded terminals.
instruments or gauges. B. Bad key switch.
C. Faulty gauge.
D. Faulty sender.

Engine Noise
No definite rule or test will positively determine the 4. Try to isolate the noise to location in engine, front
source of engine noise. Therefore, use the following to back, top to bottom. This can help determine
information only as a general guide to engine noise which components are at fault.
diagnosis.
5. Sometimes noises can be caused by moving parts
1. Use a timing light to determine if noise is timed coming in contact with other components.
with engine rpm or one-half engine rpm. Noises Examples are: flywheel, crankshaft striking (pan
timed with engine rpm are related to crankshaft, and pan baffle), rocker arm striking valve cover or
rods, pistons, piston pins or flywheel. Noises timed loose flywheel cover. In many cases, if this is
to one-half engine rpm are valve-train related. found to be the problem, a complete engine
teardown is not necessary.
2. The use of a stethoscope can aid in locating a
noise source. However, because noise will travel 6. When noise is isolated to a certain area and
to other metal parts not involved in the problem, component, removal and inspection will be
caution must be exercised. required. Refer to proper sections of service
manual for pertinent information.
3. If noise is believed to be confined to one particular
cylinder, ground the spark plug leads one at a
time. If noise lessens noticeably or disappears, it is
isolated to that particular cylinder.
Symptom Cause
1. Noise around the A. Rocker arm striking valve cover.
valve cover area. B. Rocker arm out of adjustment.
C. Worn rocker arm.
D. Bent push rod.
E. Collapsed lifter.
2. Noise around the A. Sticking valve.

cylinder area. B. Carbon build-up.
C. Connecting rod installed wrong.
D. Bent connecting rod.
E. Piston.
F. Piston rings.
G. Piston pin.
H. Cylinder worn.
3. Noise around camshaft A. Loss of oil pressure.

area (throughout engine). B. Valve lifters.
C. Cam bearings.
4. Noise in camshaft area A. Camshaft timing gear.

area (front of engine). B. Timing Belt.
C. Valve lifter.
D. Cam bearings.

Engine Noise (Continued)
Symptom Cause
5. Noise in camshaft area A. Valve lifter.
(center of engine). B. Cam bearings.
6. Noise in camshaft area A. Valve lifter.

(rear of engine). B. Cam bearings.
7. Noise in crankshaft area A. Loss of oil pressure.

(throughout engine). B. Main bearings.
C. Rod bearings.
8. Noise in crankshaft area A. Crankshaft timing gear.

(front of engine). B. Timing Belt.
C. Main bearing.
D. Rod bearing.
9. Noise in crankshaft area A. Crankshaft striking pan or pan baffle.

(center of engine). B. Main bearing.
C. Rod bearing.
10. Noise in crankshaft area A. Loose flywheel.

(rear of engine). B. Drive plate.
C. Main bearing.
D. Rod bearing.
11. Engine spark knock. A. Advanced timing.

B. Low quality fuel.
C. Engine running hot.
D. Carbon deposits in engine.
12. Popping through A. Wrong ignition timing.

carburetor. B. Carburetor set too lean.
C. Faulty accelerator pump (gasoline).
D. Vacuum leak.
E. Valve adjustment.
F. Valve timing.
G. Burned or stuck valve.
13. Hissing. A. Vacuum leak.

B. Leaking exhaust (manifolds or pipes).
C. Loose cylinder heads.
D. Blown head gasket.
14. Whistle. A. Vacuum leak.

B. Dry or tight bearing in an accessory.
15. Sparks jumping. A. Defective high-tension cables.

B. Cracked coil tower.
C. Cracked distributor cap.
16. Squeaks or squeals. A. Drive belt slipping.

B. Dry or tight bearing in an accessory.
C. Parts rubbing together.

Oil Pressure Diagnostics
The following table contains important information for the checking of oil pressure.
Condition Information
1. Measuring oil pressure. Use a good automotive oil pressure test gauge. Do not rely on the oil
pressure gauge in the instrument panel.
2. Check engine oil level. Oil level should be between the "MIN" and "MAX" marks.
3. Oil level in crankcase May cause loss of engine speed, oil pressure gauge
above "MAX" mark. fluctuation, drop in oil pressure and hydraulic valve lifter noise at high RPM.
4. Oil level in crankcase Low oil pressure, oil pressure gauge fluctuation, internal below at or below
"MIN" mark. engine noise and/or damage.
5. Change in oil pressure. This may be a normal condition. Oil pressure may read high in the cooler
times of the day and when engine is not up to operating temperature. As
the air temperature warms up and the engine is running at normal operating
temperature, it is normal for oil pressure to drop off slightly.
6. Low engine oil pressure With modern engines and engine oils, low oil pressure readings at idle or
high rpm do not necessarily mean there is a problem. If valve lifters do not
"clatter" (at idle), there is a sufficient volume of oil to lubricate all internal
moving parts properly. The reason for the drop in oil pressure is that engine
heat causes an expansion of the internal tolerances in the engine and, the
oil will thin out somewhat from heat.
7. Engine-to-engine variance. It is not uncommon to see different oil pressure readings between like
engines, as long as they fall within specifications. Differences in oil
pressure can be attributed to differences in engine tolerances, gauges,
wiring, senders, etc.

Oil Pressure Problems
Symptom Cause
1. Low oil pressure. A. Low oil level in crankcase.
B. Defective oil-pressure gauge and/or sender.
C. Oil broken down, contains water, wrong viscosity, engine running too hot
or too cold, excessive idling with cold water (condensation).
D. Relief valve stuck open, pickup tube restricted, worn parts in oil pump,
air leak on suction side of oil pump or pickup tube.
E. Oil passage plugs leaking, cracked or porous cylinder block.
F. Excessive bearing clearance.
2. High oil pressure. A. Wrong viscosity, oil full of sludge or tar.

B. Defective oil pressure gauge and/or sender.
C. Clogged or restricted oil passage.
D. Oil pump relief valve stuck closed.
IMPORTANT: Oil pressure slightly higher than normal does not always indicate a problem.
Tolerance stack-up In the engine, oil viscosity or weather conditions could cause high oil pres-sure.
3. Excessive oil consumption. A. Oil leaks.

B. Oil diluted or of the wrong viscosity.
C. Oil level too high.
D. Drain holes in cylinder head plugged causing flooding of valve guides.
E. Defective valve seals.
F. Intake manifold gasket leaking, worn valve stem or valve guides.
G. Defective oil cooler (if so equipped).
H. Glazed, scuffed, worn, stuck, improperly installed; ring grooves worn;
improper break-in; wrong end gap.
I. Piston out-of-round, scored, tapered, glazed; excessive piston-to-cylinder
clearance; cracked piston.

Water in Engine
Determine location of water in engine. This information is necessary to determine where the water came from and
how it got into the engine. The most common problems are water on top of pistons and/or water in crankcase oil.
1. After locating the water, remove all the water from the engine by removing all spark plugs and pump cylinders
by cranking engine over. Next change oil and filter. Start engine and see if problem can be duplicated. If so,
there is more than likely a mechanical problem. If problem cannot be duplicated, it is either an operator error or
a problem that exists only under certain environmental conditions.
2. If water is confined to cylinders, it is usually entering through the intake system, exhaust system or head
gasket.
3. If the water is confined to crankcase, it is usually caused by a cracked or porous block or condensation.
4. If the water is located in both the cylinders and the crankcase, it is usually caused by water in the cylinders
getting past the rings and valves.
5. Checking for rust in the intake manifold or exhaust manifolds is a good idea. Rust in these areas will give clues
if the water entered through these areas.
Symptom Cause
1. Water found on top of A. Cracked exhaust manifold (water cooled).
the pistons. B. Improper manifold-to-elbow gasket installation (water cooled).
C. Loose cylinder head bolts.
D. Blown cylinder head gasket. (Check for warped cylinder head or cylinder
block).
E. Cracked valve seat.
F. Porous or cracked casting (check engine).
2. Water found in the A. Water seeping past piston rings or valves.

crankcase oil. B. Engine running cold (defective thermostat) causing condensation.
C. Intake manifold leaking near a water passage.
D. Cracked or porous casting.

Engine Overheating
Symptom Cause
1. Mechanically related. A. Engine rpm below specification for W.O.T. (engine laboring).
B. Wrong ignition timing.
C. Spark plug wires crossed (wrong firing order).
D. Lean fuel mixture.
E. Wrong heat range spark plugs.
F Exhaust restriction.
G. Valve timing off caused by a jumped or improperly installed timing chain
and/or gears.
H. Blown head gasket(s).
I. Insufficient lubrication to moving parts of engine.
2. Cooling system related. A. Loose or broken drive belt.

B. Water shut-off valve partially or fully closed (if equipped).
C. Clogged or improperly installed water strainer (if equipped).
D. Water inlet hose kinked or collapsed.
E. Water pickup clogged.
F. Defective thermostat.
G. Obstruction in cooling system such as casting flash, sand, or rust.
H. Engine circulating pump defective.
I. Low coolant level.
J. Antifreeze not mixed properly.
K. Heat exchanger cores plugged.

LP Fuel System (Standard and/or Low Emission Version)
Problem Probable Cause Probable Solution
Will Not Start/FCV Fuel container empty Fill fuel container
Staying On • Do not exceed 80% of liquid capacity.
Liquid valve closed Open liquid valve slowly
Excess flow valve closed Reset excess flow valve
• Close liquid valve
• Wait for click sound
• Open valve slowly
Plugged fuel line Remove obstruction from fuel line
• Close liquid fuel valve
• Using caution, disconnect fuel line
• Clear obstruction with compressed air
• Re-connect fuel line
• Leak test
Clogged fuel filter Repair/replace as required
• Remove/replace filter element
• Clean fuel filter housing
• Open liquid fuel valve
• Leak test
Faulty vapor connection Check connection
between pressure regulator • No holes in hose
and carburetor • Clamps must be tight
• Watch for kinked and/or pinched
and/or collapsed hose
Fuel lock malfunction • Check circuit wiring
• Check safety switch
• Check fuelock
• Repair/replace fuelock as required
Pressure regulator Test pressure regulator operation
malfunction • Use test kit
• Install primary pressure gauge
• Install secondary pressure gauge
• Crank engine and observe readings
on pressure gauges
• Compare readings to specifications
• If readings are out of spec
repair/replace pressure regulator
Will Not Start/FCV Carburetor malfunction Check carburetor
Staying On •Remove air/gas valve assembly
• Clean air/gas valve and carb throat
• Check diaphragm for holes/damage
• Check air/gas valve for wear/damage
• Repair/replace as required
Air filter plugged Check air filter
• Clean/replace as required
No spark Check for spark
• See, lgnition system sectiom
Engine Mechanical See Troubleshooting section

Difficult to Start Fuel container almost empty LPG vapor from liquid outlet
• Fill fuel container
• Do not exceed 80% of liquid capacity
• Leak test
• Leak test
• Crank engine and observe readings
on pressure gauges
• If readings are out of specrepair/replace
pressure regulator
Air filter clogged Check air filter

Won’t Run Continuously Fuel container almost empty LPG vapor from liquid outlet
• Leak test
• Leak test
Pressure regulator freezes Check level in cooling system
• Must be full
Check coolant strength
• -35F minimum
Check coolant hoses
• Watch for kinks and/or pinched hoses
• Verify one pressure hose and one return
hose
Incorrect idle speed Check idle speed
• Adjust idle speed to specification
Won’t Fuel container almost empty LPG vapor from liquid outlet
Accelerate/Hesitation • Fill fuel container
During Acceleration • Do not exceed 80% of liquid capacity
• Leak test

Won’t Run Continuously Faulty vapor connection Check connection
Accelerate/Hesitation between pressure regulator • No holes in hose
During Acceleration and carburetor • Clamps must be tight
• Watch for kinked and/or pinched and/or
collapsed hose
Throttle butterfly not opening Verify wide open throttle
Incorrect full load air/fuel duty Verify full load air/fuel duty cycle
cycle
Idle duty cycle too high Correct/adjust hardware failure

(above 50%)
Engine Stalls Fuel container almost empty LPG vapor from liquid outlet
• Leak test
• Leak test
Faulty vapor connectionr Check connection
collapsed hose
Vacuum leak Check for vacuum leaks
• Between carburetor and intake manifold
• Between intake manifold and cylinder head
Fuel lock malfunction • Check circuit wiring
• Check safety switch
• Check fuelock
• Repair/replace fuelock as required

Engine Stalls Pressure regulator Test pressure regulator operation
• Crank engine and observe readings on
pressure gauges
• If readings are out of spec repair/replace
pressure regulator
Pressure regulator freezes Check level in cooling system
• Must be full
Check coolant strength
• -35F minimum
Check regulator mounting position
• Must be below top of radiator
Check coolant hoses
• Watch for kinks and/or pinched hoses
• Verify one pressure hose and one return
hose
collapsed hose
Carburetor malfunction Check carburetor
• Remove air/gas valve assembly
Rough Idle/Weak Incorrect idle speed setting Check idle speed and adjust if necessaly
Ignition/Lean Condition Incorrect full load air/fuel duty Verify full load air/fuel duty cycle
cycle
* Watch for kinked and/or pinched and/or
collapsed hose
Vacuum leaks Check for vacuum leaks
• Between carburetor and intake manifold
• Between intake manifold and cylinder head
Engine mechanical See Troubleshooting section
High Idle Speed Incorrect idle speed setting Check idle speed
• Adjust idle speed
Sticking throttle Check throttle
• Repair replace as required

Carburetor Backfire Incorrect full load air/fuel duty Verify full load air/fuel duty
cycle
collapsed hose
Ignition malfunction Check ignition system, repair/replace
Incorrect ignition timing Check ignition timing

setting • Measure initial timing
• Measure centrifugal timing advance
Poor High Speed Clogged fuel filter Repair/replace as required

Performance/Lean • Close liquid fuel valve
Condition • Using caution, disconnect fuel line
• Leak test
• Leak test
collapsed hose
Throttle butterfly not opening Verify wide open throttle
cycle
Carburetor malfunction Check carburetor
• Remove air/gas valve assembly
pressure gauges
pressure regulator
setting • Measure initial timing
• Measure centrifugal timing advance

Poor High Speed Restricted exhaust system Check exhaust system
Performance/Lean • Measure exhaust back-pressure
Condition • Compare to specs
Excessive Fuel Carburetor malfunction Check carburetor

Consumption/LPG • Remove air/gas valve assembly
Exhaust Smell/Closed • Clean air/gas valve and carb throat
Loop System Not • Check diaphragm for holes/damage
Working • Check air/gas valve for wear/damage
setting • Measure timing @ low idle
• Measure timing advance @ run
cycle

pressure gauges
pressure regulator
Weak ignition miss fire See ignition system section
Vacuum Leak Replace fuel system vacuum hoses
Fuel pressure too high Replace/rebuild regulator.
Exhaust system leaks Repair exhaust system
Oxygen sensor failure Replace/reconnect oxygen sensor
FCV failure Replace/reconnect FCV
Commander failure Replace/reconnect commander

Troubleshooting Flow Chart
General
Abnormal Ignition system Loose connection in ignition system wiring –Check connections and retighten.
combustion Defective spark plug –Replace spark plug.
Incorrect ignition timing –Adjust ignition timing.

Carburetion related Defective carburetor –Repair or replace carburetor.
components
Contaminated or clogged fuel filter element –Clean fuel filter element and pipe.
and pipe
Entry of air from carburetor or intake manifold –Retighten set bolts or replace heat
insulator and/or intake manifold gasket.
Valves and related
Defective valves and related components –Adjust or repair valves and related
components
components.
Cylinder head Carbon deposited in combustion chamber –Disassemble and clean.
Clogged cylinder head water tube –Clean or replace water tube.
Cylinder gasket blow-by –Replace gasket.
Insufficient Ignition system out Incorrect ignition timing –Adjust ignition timing.
output of adjustment
Defective spark plug –Replace spark plug.
Insufficient fuel Defective carburetor –Repair or replace carburetor.z
Damaged cylinder head gasket, etc. –Replace gasket.
Clogged fuel pipe –Clean pipe.
Clogged fuel filter –Clean or replace.
Air in fuel system –Check connections and retighten.
Damaged fuel pipe –Replace pipe.
Fuel pump not functioning properly –Repair or replace.
Damaged diaphragm –Replace.
Defective valve –Replace.
Insufficient intake Clogged air cleaner element –Clean or replace element.

air in carburetor
Carburetor choke always in operation –Repair or replace carburetor.
Air governor malfunction –Repair or replace air governor.
Overheating Insufficient coolant –Add coolant and check for leaky points.
Leaks from radiator –Repair or replace radiator.
Loosened or damaged radiator –Retighten clamp or replace hose.

hose connection
Leaks from water pump –Replace.
Coolant leaks from cylinder head gasket –Retighten cylinder head bolts or replace
gasket.
Cracks in cylinder head or block –Replace.

Insufficient Overheating Loose fan belt tension –Adjust or replace.
output Worm or damaged fan belt –Replace.
Oil on fan belt –Clean.
Thermostat not functioning properly –Replace.
Water pump not functioning properly –Replace.
Clogged radiator –Clean radiator and coolant passages.
Incorrect ignition timing –Adjust ignition timing.
Improper engine oil –Refer to lubrication table and replace oil

with a recommended one.
Too lean mixture –Repair or replace carburetor.
Incorrect valve clearance adjustment –Make measurements on or replace auto-

lash adjuster.
Insufficient
compression Engine out of order –Refer to p.189 and make repairs.
pressure
Overcooling
(Coolant
Defective thermostat –Replace thermostat.
temperature does
not rise.) Extremely low atmospheric temperature –Place cover or anything proper on the
front of radiator.
Poor Engine Engine out of order –Refer to p.189 and make repairs.
acceleration
Carburetor Carburetor out of order –Replace or replace distributor.
Ignition system Defective distributor –Repair or replace distributor.
Defective spark plug –Replace spark plug.
Excessive Engine Engine out of order –Adjust of repair valves.

fuel
consumption Carburetor Defective carburetor –Repair or replace carburetor.
Clogged air bleeder –Clean or replace.
Damaged gaskets –Replace.
Improper idling speed –Adjust idling speed.
Ignition system Incorrect ignition timing –Adjust ignition timing.
Excessive Excessive engine

Engine out of order –Refer to p.189 and make repairs.
engine oil oil consumption
consumption
Oil leaks Engine out of order –Refer to p.189 and make repairs.

Base Engine
Valves and Poor idling Incorrect valve clearance –Cleaned or replace auto-lash adjuster.
related Valve not in close contact with valve seat –Reface seat surface.
components
Excessive clearance between valve stem –Replace valve and valve guide.
and valve guide
Incorrect valve clearance –Cleaned or replace auto-lash adjuster.

Abnormal
Valve binding –Disassemble, correct or replace.
combustion
Deteriorated valve spring –Replace spring.
Incorrect valve clearance –Cleaned or replace auto-lash adjuster.
Insufficient output Pressure leaks from valve seal –Reface.
Valve stem seizure –Repair or replace.

Excessive fuel
consumption Deteriorated or broken valve spring –Replace spring.
Valve damaged by heat –Reface or replace valve.

Engine Poor startability Intake manifold gasket not tight enough –Retighten set bolts or replace gasket.
Cylinder head gasket blow-by –Replace gasket.
Poor acceleration Valve damaged by heat or not properly –Adjust or replace.

serviced
Insufficient compression pressure –Disassemble and repair engine.
Cylinder head gasket blow-by –Replace gasket.
Excessive fuel
Pressure leaks from cylinder head gasket –Retighten cylinder head bolts and
consumption replace gasket.
Piston ring binding or worn –Replace ring.
Insufficient output Piston ring or ring worn –Disassemble and repair engine.
Oil leaks
Excessive oil Loose oil drain plug –Retighten plug.

consumption Loose oil pan set bolts –Retighten set bolts.
Damaged oil pan gasket –Replace gasket.
Loose timing gear cover or damaged gasket –Retighten set bolts or replace gasket.
Defective crankshaft front oil seal –Replace oil seal.
Defective crankshaft rear oil seal –Replace oil seal.
Damaged cylinder head gasket –Replace gasket.
Loose oil filter set bolt. –Retighten set bolts or replace oil filter
gasket.

Oil working its way up
Engine Excessive oil Piston ring gaps in improper positions –Adjust ring gap positions.
consumption
Piston rings or ring grooves worn or rings –Replace piston or rings.
seized in grooves
Carbon deposit in oil return hole of oil ring –Replace rings.
Worn piston and cylinder –Rebore and hone cylinder and install
oversize piston.
Excessive quantity of oil in oil pan –Oil quantity: 4.0 liter (1.1 U.S. gal).
Oil working its way down
Worn valve stem and valve guide –Replace valve and guide.
Defective valve stem oil seal –Replace oil seal
Excessive engine Excessive oil clearance due to worn –Replace bearing.

noise crankshaft bearing
Fusion in crankshaft bearing –Replace bearing and check lubrication

system.
Worn connecting rod bearing –Replace bearing.
Bent connecting rod –Repair bent connecting rod or replace.
Fusion in connecting rod bearing –Replace bearing and check lubrication

system.
Excessive clearance due to worn cylinder –Rebore and hone cylinder and install
oversize piston.
Worn piston or piston pin –Replace piston and piston pin.
Piston seizure –Replace piston.
Broken piston ring –Replace piston ring.
Excessive camshaft end play –Replace camshaft thrust plate.
Worn crankshaft thrust bearing –Replace bearing.
Worn timing gears –Replace.
Excessive valve clearance –Cleaned or replace auto-lash adjuster.

Carburetor
Poor engine Needle valve and valve seat not seating –Clean or replace
startability properly
Incorrect float level –Adjust
Worn float lip –Replace
Worn float level pin and related components –Replace level pin and its related parts
Malfunction choke valve –Repair
Idle rpm set out of adjustment –Adjust idling speed
Damaged idle adjust screw –Replace adjust screw
Clogged idle passage or idle port –Clean
Clogged bypass screw –Clean jet
Poor idle Worn throttle shaft –Replace shaft
Loose vacuum pipe union –Retighten union
Idling circuit not airtight –Clean
Incorrect float level –Replace
Too lean mixture –Clean or replace

Abnormal
Carburetor Inner dirty carburetor –Clean carburetor
combustion
Defective float level –Adjust float
Defective accelerating pump plunger –Disassemble or replace
Clogged pump jet –Clean or replace
Defective accelerating linkage –Replace linkage
Malfunction power piston –Replace power piston

Poor acceleration
Malfunction power valve –Replace
Clogged power jet –Clean or replace
Float level too low –Adjust float
Throttle valve not opening completely –Adjust valve
Clogged main jet –Clean
Incorrect float level –Adjust float
Malfunction power piston –Replace power piston
Insufficient output Malfunction power valve –Replace power valve
Worn throttle shaft –Replace shaft
Throttle valve not opening completely –Adjust valve
Choke valve stuck close –Repair or replace
Float level too high –Adjust float
Excessive fuel Defective power valve –Replace valve

consumption Choke valve not opening completely –Check linkage, replace
Improper idling speed –Adjust idling speed

Electrical components
Distributor Poor engine starting Cracked distributor cap and burnt or –Clean or replace.
contaminated cord insertion hole
Poor engine Centrifugal and vacuum advance device –Repair or replace.

acceleration malfunction
Insufficient engine
output
Excessive fuel
consumption
Spark plug Poor engine starting Improper spark plug gap –Adjust or replace.
Carbon deposit in spark plug –Clean or replace.

Abnormal
Improper heat range of spark plug –Replace spark plug with proper one.
combustion in
engine Loose or defective plug cord –Repair or replace.
Poor engine
acceleration
Insufficient engine
output
Ignition coil Poor engine staring Defective ignition coil –Replace ignition coil.
Poor engine
acceleration
Starter does not

Starter Improperly connected terminals –Repair.
rotate
Switch contacts in loose contact –Replace switch
Magnet switch contact plate burnt or in –Grind or replace contact plate.

loose contact
Magnet switch pull-in coil opencircuited –Replace.
Magnet switch holding coil opencircuited –Replace.
Brush in loose contact with commutator –Reface.

as a result of wear
Commutator burnt with consequent poor –Exchange or replace commutators.

conduction of electricity
High mica of commutator –Perform under-cutting
Field coil not properly grounded or –Replace.

short-circuited
Field coil not properly soldered –Repair.
Armature not properly grounded –Replace.
Armature short-circuited –Rewind or replace.
Brush spring broken or with inadequate tension –Replace spring.

Starter Starter does not Brush holder not properly insulated –Clean brush or replace holder.
rotate. Worn bearing bushing –Replace bushing.
Starter rotates but

slowly and Wires of armature coil about to be –Rewind or replace.
irregularly. shortcircuited or grounded
Field coil not properly connected or –Repair connections.

about to be short-circuited
Commutator heat-damaged with consequent –Replace armature.

poor conduction
Brush movement due to damaged or worn –Repair or replace.

commutator
Commutator vibrating, causing brush to –Repair or replace.

move
Lifted mica between commutator –Perform under-cutting

segments causing brush to move
One or two commutator segments –Repair or replace.

lifted causing brush to move
Commutator in loose contact due –Repair or replace.

to worn brush
Chipped brush –Repair or replace.
Pinion does not Worn starter clutch pinion end –Replace.

engage with ring
Clutch rotates always freely –Replace.
gear.
Deteriorated clutch drive spring –Replace.
Does not rotate in overrunning direction –Replace.
Poor sliding of splined section –Rub surfaces smooth, clean and repair.
Worn bushing –Replace.
Improper projecting position of magnet –Adjust with stud bolt.

switch pinion
Worn bearing bushing –Replace.
Motor continues to Magnet switch coil layer shorted-circuited –Replace.

rotate and does not
Magnet switch contact plate seizure –Replace.
stop.
Starter switch does not return properly –Replace switch.

Battery Run-down battery Drive belt slipping –Adjust belt.
Alternator
Stator coil grounded or open-circuited –Replace or repair.
Rotor coil open-circuited –Replace.
Brush and slip ring not properly connected –Replace brush if worn. (Clean holder.)
(Brush does not properly come down) –Polish slip ring.
Diode short-or open-circuited –Replace rectifier assembly.
Battery
Short or improper electrolyte –Add electrolyte and adjust specific gravity.
Defective plates (internal short circuit) –Replace.
Terminals in loose contact –Clean and then retighten.
Wiring
Open circuit or loose contact between –Repair.

key switch and alternator terminals L and R
Burnt fuse of above-mentioned circuits or –Replace fuse and repair contacting

holder in loose contact section of holder.
Open circuit or loose contact between –Replace.

battery and alternator terminal B
Burnt fuse of above-mentioned circuits –Replace fuse and repair contacting

or holder in loose contact section of holder.
Overcharged
battery Defective IC regulator –Replace.

SPECIAL TOOLS
Style Tool No. Tool name Use
MD998781 Flywheel stopper Holding flywheel
MD998785 Sprocket stopper Holding counterbalance shaft sprocket
MD998778 Crankshaft spocket puller Removal of crankshaft sprocket
MB990767 End yoke holder Holding camshaft sprocket

(Use with MD998719)
MD998719 Pulley holding pins Holding camshaft sprocket when

loosening or torquing bolt (Use
with MB990767)
MD998443 Lash adjuster holder Retainer for holding lash adjuster in

rocker arm at timer of removal and
installation of rocker arm and rocker
shaft assembly
MD998442 Air bleed wire Air bleeding of lash adjuster
MD998713 Camshaft oil seal installer Installation of oil seal
MB991654 Cylinder head bolt Removal and installation of cylinder

wrench(12) head bolt
G424 Service Manual 195 Special Tools

MD998772 Valve spring compressor Compression of valve spring
MD998729 Valve stem seal installer Installation of valve stem seal
MD998727 Oil pan remover Removal of the oil pan
MD998162 Plug wrench Removal and installation of front

case cap plug
MD998783 Plug wrench retainer Removal and installation of front case

cap plug
(Use with MD998162)
MD998375 Crankshaft front oil seal Installation of crankshaft front oil seal
installer
MD998285 Crankshaft front oil seal Guide for installation of crankshaft front
guide oil seal
MD998705 Silent shaft bearing Installation of counterblance shaft front

installer and rear bearing
MD998371 Silent shaft bearing puller Removal of counterblance shaft front

bearing

MD998372 Silent shaft bearing puller Removal of counterbalance shaft rear

bearing
MD998780 Piston pin setting tool Removal and installation of piston pin
MD998776 Crankshaft rear oil seal Installation of crankshaft rear oil seal
installer
MB990938 Handle Installation of crankshaft rear oil sear

(Use with MD998776)

ITK-1 Pressure Gauge Kit FSA-1000 Fuel System Analyzer
The IMPCO ITK-1 pressure gauge kit is designed See instructions for proper usage to check air/fuel
for testing and troubleshooting IMPCO gaseous mixture.
fuel systems. The kit contains the following:
● 0-160 psi gauge - For measuring fuel container

pressure or on dual fuel systems it may be used
to measure gasoline fuel system pressure.
● 0-5 psi gauge - For measuring IMPCO pressure
regulator, primary pressure.
● 0-10” H2O gauge - For measuring IMPCO
pressure regulator, secondary pressure.
● G2-2 lever gauge - For correct adjustment of the
IMPCO pressure regulator, secondary lever.
● Assorted fittings
● Hose
● Instructions

Service Manual: G424 Gasoline/LP Engine G424 LP Engine (Low Emission Version)

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Service Manual: G424 Gasoline/LP Engine G424 LP Engine (Low Emission Version)

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Service Manual: G424 Gasoline/LP Engine G424 LP Engine (Low Emission Version)

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Available Formats

SB2215E01

G20E-3, G25E-3, G30E-3

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GENERAL INFORMATION .......................................4 Alternator ............................................................47

G424 Service Manual 2 Index

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COOLING SYSTEM ...............................................110

BASE ENGINE SERVICE PROCEDURE .............120

ADJUSTMENT AND TROUBLESHOOTING ........169

G424 Service Manual 3 Index

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Maintenance and Servicing Procedures

(1) A diagram of the component parts is provided • Removal steps:

Classification of Major Maintenance/Service points

G424 Service Manual 4 General Information

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REMOVAL SERVICE POINTS

(1) Remove the all oil pan bolts.

G424 Service Manual 5 General Information

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Use specified brand of sealant.

Use of sealant other than specified sealant may cause

water or oil leaks.

G424 Service Manual 6 General Information

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Oil and Grease

G424 Service Manual 7 General Information

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Engine model Fuel type

Indication of engine model and number

Engine model Engine number

G424 Service Manual 8 General Information

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G424 Service Manual 9 General Information

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G424 Service Manual 10 General Information

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Standard Bolts and Nuts

Torque, kg•m (lb•ft) [N•m]

Torque, kg•m (lb•ft) [N•m]

New Tightening Method-By Use of Bolts to be Tightened in Plastic Area

•Area where the bolts are in use:

G424 Service Manual 11 General Information

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From in Place Gasket (FIPG)

From-in-place gasket Application

G424 Service Manual 12 General Information

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G424 Service Manual 13 Specifications

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Item Standard value Limit Remarks

Overall height 89.9 to 90.1 (3.539 to 3.547)

7.930 to 7.950 (0.31220 to 0.31299)

Free height 48.0 (1.89) 47.0 (1.85)

G424 Service Manual 14 Specifications

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No. 2 ring 0.45 to 0.60 (0.0177 to 0.0236) 0.8 (0.031)

Press-in load 7350 to 17160