Structurlam Design Guide FINAL Spreads

Mass Timber Design Guide
CrossLam® CLT | GlulamPLUS® | Mass Timber Building Systems

U.S. VERSION
Penticton Lakeside Resort, Penticton, BC, Canada

Mica Heli-Ski Lodge, Mica, BC, Canada
Beautifully engineered
to change an entire industry.
At Structurlam, it’s been our goal for more than 50 years to innovate and
push the boundaries of our industry in order to create new limits of what it
means to build with wood. Through our experience in bringing buildings to
life, we’ve been proud to be part of developing and producing structures in
exciting and efficient new ways.
In fact, as the industry moved toward evolved, Structurlam has pioneered the use
concrete and steel in commercial buildings, of cutting-edge technology and systems to
we stayed true to ourselves. We understood bring your project from concept to reality.
the advantages of building with wood and of From prefabrication of structural elements to
laminating lumber into beams that could be erection on-site, BIM modeling permits the use
used in larger structures. We embraced new of mass timber to be highly precise, efficient
technology, such as 3D modeling and robotic and cost competitive.
machinery, to fabricate complete mass timber
By working with us, you’re always assured
packages. This allowed us to introduce wood
engineering expertise and design efficiency that
into buildings where it was never considered
reduces time and cost on-site. No job is too
in the past.
simple or too complex, and we’ll always work to
The result is an array of high-performance mass help you build whatever you dream. So go out
timber structures that are environmentally there and be creative.
friendly, cost-effective and aesthetically
stunning. As the mass timber industry has
2 INTRODUCTION | U.S. Mass Timber Design Guide U.S. Mass Timber Design Guide | INTRODUCTION 3
Commercial Transportation Educational
Mission Office, Kelowna, BC, Canada Fort McMurray Airport, F. McMurray, AB, Canada Okanagan College, Kelowna, BC, Canada
Multi-Family Industrial
Virtuoso, Vancouver, BC, Canada BC Passive House Factory, Pemberton, BC, Canada
The Structurlam Advantage

Structurlam is more than a fabricator of the highest-quality CNC machines for fabrication. Finally, our 3D model is used
engineered wood products. We operate at the front lines of to develop a material list for efficient purchasing of steel and
innovation in mass timber design, engineering, 3D modeling hardware components. Loading diagrams are then created
and precision manufacturing. One of the biggest benefits with to optimize freight and assembly drawings are produced to Winner of 2016 Governor General’s Award for Architecture
mass timber buildings as compared to other types of structures provide instruction for quick and efficient installation.
is the ability to prefabricate the entire structure. This saves
precious time and money on-site because the installation Design teams who leverage our fabrication services receive Healthcare
process becomes more efficient. Since the 1990s, Structurlam aesthetically appealing buildings with optimized structural Ronald McDonald House, Vancouver, BC, Canada
has been leveraging state-of-the-art 3D modeling software performance and rapid assembly; where every piece fits
to virtually construct each building before it is produced. Our and no detail is missed. Because mass timber structures are
team begins with the two-dimensional drawings and creates relatively new, many of our first-time customers come to
a 3D model. This model includes all of our components: us with a concrete building already designed and ask us to
GlulamPLUS®, CrossLam® CLT, steel connections and associated offer an option with Structurlam Mass Timber solutions using
hardware. Virtual construction allows our highly-trained GlulamPLUS® and CrossLam® CLT. While this is possible, it is
detailers to detect potential problems and prevent issues in always better to design with the structural system of choice.
the field. The work to build the model often takes three times With CrossLam® CLT, optimum sizes are 7'10.5" x 40' and
longer than the actual time to produce the components, but 9'10.5" x 40'. This is the best way to ensure an efficient
it’s necessary for a smooth assembly process on-site. design, optimal panel spans and layout and the most cost-
effective structure.
Once the design work is complete, the model is used to create
manufacturing lists for CrossLam® CLT and GlulamPLUS®. Shop Structurlam brings cohesion and coordination to project
drawings for beams, columns, panels and steel connectors are teams, facilitating success from design to installation. Winner of 2016 Governor General’s Award for Architecture
generated from the 3D model, and digital files are sent to our
Carbon 12, Portland, OR , USA
Table of Contents
CROSSLAM® CLT MASS TIMBER BUILDING SYSTEMS
Introduction - Structurlam......................................................... 3 Introduction - Mass Timber Building Systems......................... 37

The Structurlam Advantage...................................................... 4 Design Development and Service Options.............................. 38
Introduction - CrossLam® CLT................................................... 8 CrossLam® CLT and GlulamPLUS®, Mass Timber Fabrication.... 39
Strengths of the CrossLam® CLT System................................... 9 CrossLam® CLT Delivery, Storage and Handling...................... 39
CrossLam® CLT Applications.................................................... 10 CrossLam® CLT Installation...................................................... 39
CrossLam® CLT Panel Characteristics...................................... 12 CrossLam® CLT vs. Concrete.................................................... 40
CrossLam® CLT Appearance Classification............................... 13 Benefits of Building with Structurlam's
Mass Timber Products............................................................. 41
The CrossLam® CLT Series........................................................ 14
Mass Timber System Design Considerations........................... 42
Table 1 - CrossLam® CLT Panel Layups .............................. 15
Structural Considerations of Multi-story
CrossLam® CLT Structural Panel Properties............................ 16
Timber Buildings...................................................................... 43
Table 2 - Allowable Design Capacities................................ 16
Post and Platform System........................................................ 45
Table 3 - Allowable Design Properties for Laminations..... 16
System Composition.......................................................... 45
Table 4 - Floor Panel Load Table . ...................................... 17
Benefits.............................................................................. 46
Table 5 - Floor Panel Load Table........................................ 18
Connections....................................................................... 47
Table 6 - Roof Panel Load Table......................................... 20
Typical Grids....................................................................... 49
Table 7 - Wall Panel Load Table (Axial Loading Only) ....... 21
Post-Beam-Panel System......................................................... 50
Table 8 - In-Plane Shear Loading Table.............................. 21
CrossLam® CLT Connection Details.......................................... 23
Benefits.............................................................................. 51
Floor to Roof Panel Joints.................................................. 23
Connections....................................................................... 52
Flat Roof to Beam to Wall Connections............................. 24
Typical Grids....................................................................... 52
Flat Roof to Wall Connections........................................... 25
Hybrid Light-Wood Frame........................................................ 53
Angled Roof to Wall Connections...................................... 26
Wall to Concrete Connections........................................... 27
Benefits.............................................................................. 54
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)........................................ 29
Connections....................................................................... 55
Fire Design Principles......................................................... 57
GlulamPLUS® Acoustic Design Principles................................................. 59
Introduction - GlulamPLUS®.................................................... 31 Acoustic Design Table........................................................ 61
Manufacturing......................................................................... 32 Structurlam Project Execution................................................. 63
Sizes . .................................................................................... 32 Design Development and Service Options........................ 63
Arches ...................................................................................... 32 Detailing............................................................................. 63
Finishes.................................................................................... 33 Fabrication......................................................................... 63
Structural Design Values and Grades...................................... 34 Delivery, Load Planning and Handling............................... 64
Storage, Installation and Handling........................................... 35 Installation......................................................................... 65
Quality Assurance and Standards............................................ 35 References............................................................................... 65
This publication is intended as a guide for those intending to construct a mass timber building system using Structurlam CrossLam® CLT and GlulamPLUS®. While the material in this publication is
believed to be technically correct and in accordance with sound practice at the time of publication, it should not be used without first obtaining professional advice with respect to the suitability
of the system and the information herein for any given use or application. Structurlam Mass Timber Corporation neither warrants nor assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy,
completeness or usefulness of any information contained herein, or for the suitability of CrossLam® CLT and GlulamPLUS® for any general or specific use or application. Structurlam Mass Timber
Corporation shall not be liable for any information or representations contained in this publication solely by reason of their publication herein. Structurlam Mass Timber Corporation shall not be
liable for any loss, damage or damages (including indirect and consequential damages) of any kind resulting directly or indirectly from the use of or reliance on this publication.
Strengths of the CrossLam® CLT System
CrossLam CLT ®
PREFABRICATION COST EFFICIENCY
CrossLam® CLT is manufactured with CNC machines in a Construction projects that leverage the CrossLam® CLT system
When it came to developing a CLT panel for the North American construction market, we wanted to factory environment where close tolerances and rigorous achieve cost efficiencies through the combination of material
create something revolutionary. As a North American manufacturer, we understand the construction quality control are easily achieved. Our efficient CAD and installation costs and the associated benefits of using
workflow ensures complete coordination between design, a prefabricated system that is structural and architectural.
process in our region and are uniquely suited to deliver solutions that serve it. So, we put our manufacturing and on-site construction. The compressed construction schedule of a well-designed
decades of experience to the test and the result is CrossLam® CLT, our proprietary CLT panel built Crosslam® CLT system provides a less expensive option to steel
and concrete. CrossLam® CLT can also be competitive with
specifically for North America using North American lumber. Engineered to be a direct replacement STANDARDIZED SIZING standard light wood framing systems in specific applications.
for concrete, but significantly lighter, CrossLam® CLT can be used for floors, walls and roofs. It spans Building efficiencies are achieved when the project is designed
from the beginning with standard CrossLam® CLT panel sizes
two directions with precision and accuracy, is carbon negative and uses wood from only sustainably such as 7’10.5” or 9’10.5” by 40’. This maximizes the utilization REDUCED CONSTRUCTION TIME
managed forests. In fact, CrossLam® CLT opens the door to a new, ecological way to construct the of CrossLam® CLT by reducing material costs and waste. In comparison to concrete structures, CrossLam® CLT projects
are installed in a shorter period of time due to the nature of
buildings of the 21st century. prefabrication and dry materials. Mass timber components
STRUCTURAL STRENGTH AND STABILITY arrive on-site as a kit of parts, require less storage and can be
When you conceive and design a project with CLT panels from the start, you can build truly efficient, The CrossLam® CLT system is structurally comparable to steel shipped for just-in-time scheduling to facilitate quick assembly
and concrete but lighter. Projects utilizing the CrossLam® CLT in dense urban areas.
affordable and environmentally sound structures. The technical information in this guide is compiled system can have smaller, less expensive foundations and are
to support you in developing designs that specify CrossLam® CLT. If you have questions and need ideally suited for poor soil conditions.
help, let our qualified team of technical representatives and support staff help you specify the right
panel for your project.
Architects and Designers Engineers receive a General Contractors Owners receive a green
Earth Sciences Building, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada can design with freedom. strong, stable building. receive a predictable building that is on budget
experience on-site. and on time.
LIGHT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CODE ACCEPTANCE

Life Cycle Assessment studies show that CrossLam® CLT has The 2015 International Building Code (IBC) and 2015 National
a lighter overall environmental footprint than other building Design Specification (NDS) recognize CLT as a structural system;
materials. CrossLam® CLT also stores carbon and produces however, it must be manufactured according to the ANSI/
fewer greenhouse gas emissions during manufacture. The APA PRG-320 2012 Standard for Performance Rated Cross-
wood fiber used in CrossLam® CLT is traceable from certified Laminated Timber. The IBC approves the use of CLT in exterior/
forests to the consumer. FSC and SFI Chain-of-Custody interior walls, floors and roofs for Type IV Construction and
Certifications are available from Structurlam should your Chapter 10 of the NDS references design values, design
project have this requirement. equations and overall engineering design specific to the use
of CLT. The Structurlam ICC-ES Report affirms “CrossLam® CLT
panels comply with requirements noted in Section 2303.1.4 of
STANDARDS the 2015 IBC for allowable stress design in accordance with IBC
CrossLam® CLT is certified to meet the requirements of the Section 2301.2(1) and Chapter 10 of the 2015 NDS.”
Standard for Performance Rated CLT ANSI/APA PRG-320 and
the APA Product Report PR-L314. These standards outline the
requirements and test methods for qualification and quality
assurance for CLT and are the same across North America.
8 CROSSLAM® CLT | U.S. Mass Timber Design Guide U.S. Mass Timber Design Guide | CROSSLAM® CLT 9
Shoreline Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
CrossLam® CLT Applications

FLOORS
CrossLam® CLT panels are ideally suited for modern floor
systems because they are two-way span capable and ship
to site as ready-to-install components, greatly simplifying
building construction and increasing job site productivity.
Our expanded array of CrossLam® CLT products helps to
ensure an optimized structural solution that allows you to
install up to 400 square feet per lift.
Mission Office, Kelowna, BC, Canada

ROOFS
CrossLam® CLT panels easily provide overhanging eaves while
efficiently spanning a variety of roof layouts. The enhanced
thermal properties of CLT contribute to a much more efficient
envelope assembly. Panels can be as thin as 3.43" and as
thick as 12.42", resulting in a maximum possible roof span
of 40' with appropriate loading. CrossLam® CLT roofs are
quickly installed, allowing projects to approach lockup and a
watertight state in a short amount of time.
Tall Tree Integrated Health, Victoria, BC, Canada

WALLS
CrossLam® CLT wall panels are cost-competitive alternatives
to precast concrete systems. They are lighter than precast
concrete and can be handled with greater ease. When used
as a system, CrossLam® CLT wall and roof panels allow more
flexibility and efficiency for all types of building design. As
vertical and horizontal load-bearing elements, CrossLam® CLT
panels extend the design envelope for industrial projects
and allow designers to use one structural system for their
entire project.
BC Passive House Factory, Pemberton, BC, Canada
SHEAR WALLS AND DIAPHRAGMS

CrossLam® CLT panels may be utilized as the lateral force-
resisting systems for both wind and seismic loads. The white
paper, Horizontal Diaphragm Design Example by Spickler, K.,
Close, M., Line, P., and Pohll, M., provides a design method
to determine the strength of a CLT horizontal diaphragm
and deflection due to lateral wind or seismic loads. Visit
structurlam.com to download a copy of this white paper.
More information about shear walls can also be found in the
Structurlam Mass Timber Corporation Factory Addition,
U.S. CLT Handbook.
Okanagan Falls, BC, Canada
CORES AND SHAFTS

CrossLam® CLT panel cores and shafts erect quicker and
easier than comparable steel and concrete designs while still
providing lateral bracing. Elevator and stair shafts can achieve
two-hour fire resistance ratings.
Elevator Core Shaft
CrossLam® CLT Panel Characteristics CrossLam® CLT Appearance Classification
VISUAL NON-VISUAL
INTENDED USE Where one or both faces are left exposed Where both faces are covered by another material
SPF #2& Btr “J” Grade (Appearance Grade),

FACE LAYER - V SERIES SPF #2& Btr
Douglas fir (#2 Square Edge)
FACE LAYER - E SERIES SPF MSR 2100 Square Edge SPF MSR 2100
80 grit
SANDED FACE Note: Final finishing prep work must be completed N/A
on-site, including cleaning and touch-up of panels
W
ALLOWABLE FIBER CHARACTERISTICS
MAXIMUM PANEL SIZE: 9’10.5" x 40' (3000 x 12192 mm) SHAKE AND CHECKS Several up to 24” long, none through As per NLGA #2, SPF #2& Btr
MAXIMUM THICKNESS: 12.42" (315 mm)
Up to a max of 5% blue stain, heart stain allowed
STAIN Allowed, not limited
MINIMUM THICKNESS: 3.43" (87 mm) Note: E Series panels have no blue stain restrictions
PRODUCTION WIDTHS: 7'10.5" and 9'10.5" (2400 mm and 3000 mm) KNOTS Firm & Tight (NLGA #2) NLGA #2
MOISTURE CONTENT: 12% (+/-3%) at time of manufacturing PITCH STREAKS Not limited Not limited
GLUE SPECIFICATIONS: Purbond polyurethane adhesive
WANE ON FACE None Allowed
GLUE TYPE: Weatherproof, formaldehyde-free foaming PUR
SIDE PRESSURE Yes None
SPECIES: SPF, Douglas fir
LUMBER GRADES: SPF #2& Btr, SPF MSR 2100, SPF #3, Dfir #2& Btr Square Edge
STRESS GRADES: V2M1.1, V2.1, E1M4, E1M5
MANUFACTURING CERTIFICATION: APA PRG-320 Product Report PR-L314
DENSITY: 30.3 lbs/ft3 (shipping weight at time of manufacturing)
DIMENSIONAL STABILITY: Longitudinal and Transverse 0.01% per % Δ in MC. Thickness 0.2% per % Δ in MC
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY: R value: 1.2 per inch (h·ft2·°F /Btu)
CO2 SEQUESTRATION: 37.4 lbs/ft³ (subject to local manufacturing and distances)
SPF J-GRADE SPF NON-VISUAL

DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES
SURFACE QUALITY
THICKNESS: 1/16" (2 mm) or 2% of CLT thickness, whichever is greater
WIDTH: 1/8" (3 mm) of the CLT width
LENGTH: 1/4" (6 mm) of the CLT length
SQUARENESS: Panel face diagonals shall not differ by more than 0.125" (3 mm)
STRAIGHTNESS: Deviation of edges from a straight line between adjacent panel corners shall not exceed 1/16" (2 mm)
DOUGLAS FIR SPF NON-VISUAL
The CrossLam® CLT Series Table 1 - CrossLam CLT Panel Layups ®
The V Series: Composed exclusively from #2& Btr structural lumber. MAJOR MINOR LAYER THICKNESS (in) PANEL
CROSSLAM® FACE LAYER LAYER DEPTH
GRADE
CLT SERIES LAYERS L T L T L T L T L
(L) (T) (in)
The E Series: Contains MSR E-rated lumber for all major strength direction layers. The lumber for the E series panels does cost slightly
87 V 1.38 0.67 1.38 3.43
more, but it allows a thinner panel to span further. This is more cost effective in certain spans. However, it is important to note that
139 V SPF 1.38 0.67 1.38 0.67 1.38 5.48
E1 panels are not available with a visual grade or with a Dfir face layer. This panel is recommended for non-visual uses only. V2.1 SPF #3&
191 V #2& Btr 1.38 0.67 1.38 0.67 1.38 0.67 1.38 7.53
Btr
243 V SPF 1.38 0.67 1.38 0.67 1.38 0.67 1.38 0.67 1.38 9.58
CrossLam® CLT Name Convention Panel Series Panel Finish Name Position# #2&
105 V J-Grade 1.38 1.38 1.38 4.14
Btr
191 V J-1 RP 16 175 V Dfir SPF 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 6.90
V2M1.1 L3 #2&
245 V Btr 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 9.66
J-1 : One Side SPF J Grade, Visual Grade
Panel Thickness in mm D-1 : One Side Dfir Lumber, Visual Grade 315 V 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 12.42
Grade Indicator J-2 : Two Sides SPF J Grade, Visual Grade
V = V series : V2M1.1, V2.1 87 E 1.38 0.67 1.38 3.43
D-2 : Two Sides Dfir Lumber, Visual Grade
E = E series : E1M4, E1M5 139 E SPF 1.38 0.67 1.38 0.67 1.38 5.48
No Label : Non-Visual Industrial Panel
E1M4 #3&
191 E Btr 1.38 0.67 1.38 0.67 1.38 0.67 1.38 7.53
MSR MSR
CrossLam® CLT Name Designations: EC - Elevator Core Panel RP - Roof Panel FP - Floor Panel WP - Wall Panel 243 E 2100 2100 1.38 0.67 1.38 0.67 1.38 0.67 1.38 0.67 1.38 9.58
105 E 1.8E 1.8E 1.38 1.38 1.38 4.14
SPF SPF
175 E SPF 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 6.90
Normal Panel Orientation E1M5 #2&
MAJOR STRENGTH DIRECTION (L) 245 E Btr 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 9.66
315 E 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 12.42
Primary Span
L = Longitudinal Layer (Major Layer) Spandrel panels cannot be produced in any layups with 0.67" thick lamellas.
MINOR STRENGTH DIRECTION (T)
T = Tangential Layer (Minor Layer) Note: For 3D Modeling please use metric thickness in mm per the panel name, or exact decimal inches converted from the metric value.
Secondary Span
Carbon 12, Portland, OR, USA
Spandrel Panel Orientation

(only available in 105, 175, 245 and 315 panels)
MINOR STRENGTH DIRECTION (T)
Secondary Span
MAJOR STRENGTH DIRECTION (L)
Primary Span
No side pressure available and visual application not recommended.
Structural Panel Properties Table 4 - CrossLam CLT Floor Panel Load Table, maximum span (ft)
®
Table 2 - CrossLam CLT Allowable Design Capacities (1) ®
FLOOR LIVE LOAD (psf)

MAJOR STRENGTH DIRECTION MINOR STRENGTH DIRECTION
CLT MAJOR WEIGHT CROSSLAM ® 40 50 75 100 150
GRADE LAYER lbs/ft2 FbSeff,0 Eleff,0 GAeff,0 Mallow,0 Vallow,0 FbSeff,0 EIeff,90 GAeff,90 Mallow,90 Vallow,90 CLT SERIES RESIDENTIAL OFFICE/CLASSROOM MECHANICAL ROOM ASSEMBLY/STORAGE LIBRARY
(lbs-ft/ft) (106lbs-in2/ft) (106lbs/ft) (lbs-ft/ft) (lbs/ft) (lbs-ft/ft) (106lbs-in2/ft) (106lbs/ft) (lbs-ft/ft) (lbs/ft)
DEFLECTION DEFLECTION DEFLECTION DEFLECTION DEFLECTION
VIBRATION VIBRATION VIBRATION VIBRATION VIBRATION
L/240 L/240 L/240 L/240 L/240
87 V 7.5 1444 56 0.5 1444 1220 37 0.4 0.30 32 240
139 V 11.9 3329 206 1.0 3329 1770 537 21 0.60 457 850 87 V 10.58 12.33 10.58 11.95 10.58 10.56 10.58 9.71a 10.58 8.18a
V2.1
191 V 16.3 5917 503 1.4 5917 2290 1216 83 0.91 1034 1080 87 E 11.37 13.33 11.37 12.67 11.37 11.43 11.37 10.55 11.37 9.33
243 V 20.8 9212 995 1.9 9219 2800 2133 209 1.20 1814 1320 105 V 12.04 14.58 12.04 13.86 12.04 12.51 12.04 11.48a 12.04 9.69a
105 V 9.0 2042 96 0.5 2042 1440 277 3.7 0.53 235 495 105 E 12.93 15.77 12.93 15.00 12.93 13.54 12.93 12.51 12.93 11.07
175 V 15.0 4701 366 1.1 4701 1980 2403 96 1.10 2042 1440
139 V 14.65 18.68 14.65 17.81 14.65 16.15 14.65 14.49a 14.65 12.27a
V2M1.1 139 E 15.75 20.17 15.75 19.24 15.75 17.47 15.75 16.19 15.75 14.41
245 V 21.0 8315 906 1.6 8315 2500 5531 366 1.60 4701 1970
SINGLE SPAN
315 V 27.0 12896 1806 2.1 12896 3025 9782 906 2.10 8315 2470 175 V 16.78 22.24 16.78 21.23 16.78 18.93a 16.78 17.01a 16.78 14.45a
87 E 8.2 3465 72 0.5 3465 1220 37 0.4 0.38 32 240 175 E 18.01 24.01 18.01 22.93 18.01 20.88 18.01 19.38 18.01 17.28
139 E 13.0 7983 264 1.0 7983 1770 537 21 0.77 457 945 191 V 18.30 24.65 18.30 23.56 18.30 21.10a 18.30 18.99a 18.30 16.16a
E1M4 191 E 19.65 26.58 19.65 25.43 19.65 23.21 19.65 21.58 19.65 19.29
191 E 17.8 14183 645 1.5 14183 2280 1216 83 1.10 1034 1200
243 E 22.7 22075 1278 2.0 22075 2800 2133 209 1.50 1814 1460
245 V 20.98 29.30 20.98 27.81a 20.98 24.48a 20.98 22.12a 20.98 18.91a
245 E 22.50 31.57 22.50 30.27 22.50 27.74 22.50 25.85 22.50 23.16
105 E 9.7 4900 123 0.5 4901 1430 277 3.7 0.66 235 495
243 V 21.68 30.34 21.68 29.08 21.68 25.79 21.68 23.30 21.68 19.92
175 E 16.1 11261 469 1.1 11261 1980 2403 96 1.30 2042 1590
E1M5 243 E 22.91 32.67 22.91 31.33 22.91 28.73 22.91 26.80 22.91 24.04
245 E 22.5 19897 1161 1.6 19897 2500 5531 366 2.00 4701 2180
315 V 24.86 35.47a 24.86 33.49a 24.86 29.69a 24.86 26.95a 24.86 23.18a
315 E 28.8 30837 2314 2.1 30838 3000 9782 906 2.60 8315 2750
315 E 26.66 38.72 26.66 37.23 26.66 34.29 26.66 32.07 26.66 28.86
87 V 10.58 13.59a 10.58 12.62a 10.58 10.88a 10.58 9.71a 10.58 8.18a
87 E 11.37 18.23 11.37 17.16 11.37 15.51 11.37 14.35 11.37 12.65a
Table 3 - CrossLam CLT Allowable Design Properties for Laminations (1)
® 105 V 12.04 15.98a 12.04 14.86a 12.04 12.85a 12.04 11.48 12.04 9.69
105 E 12.93 12.93 12.93 18.42 12.93 17.04 12.93 14.98a
MAJOR STRENGTH DIRECTION MINOR STRENGTH DIRECTION 139 V 14.65 19.96a 14.65 18.61a 14.65 16.17a 14.65 14.49a 14.65 12.27a
CLT GRADE Fb,0 E,0 Ft,0 Fc,0 FV,0 Fs,0 Fb,90 E90 Ft,90 Fc,90 FV,90 Fs,90
139 E 15.75 15.75 15.75 15.75 15.75 17.43b
DOUBLE SPAN
(psi) (106 psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (106psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) 175 V 18.93a 17.01a 14.45a
175 E
V2.1 875 1.4 450 1150 135 45 500 1.2 250 650 135 45
191 V 18.99a 16.16a
V2M1.1 875 1.4 450 1150 135 45 875 1.4 450 1150 135 45
191 E
E1M4 2100 1.8 1575 1875 160 50 500 1.2 250 650 135 45
245 V 18.91a
E1M5 2100 1.8 1575 1875 160 50 875 1.4 450 1150 135 45 MAXIMUM VALUE IS 20 FT
245 E
Span is governed by maximum panel length of 40 ft.
243 V
Notes: Use max value of 20 ft or design as simple span using table values above.
243 E
1. Tabulated values are allowable design values and not permitted to be increased for the lumber size adjustment factor in accordance with the NDS.
315 V a
Represents governing value Mr and b represents governing value Vr
2. The CLT grades are developed based on APA Product Report PR-L314. Please refer to specific grade layups for complete panel information. 315 E
3. The design values shall be used in conjunction with the section properties provided by the CLT manufacturer based on the actual layup used in manufacturing the CLT panel (see tables above).
Notes:
4. Values are calculated per one-foot wide section of panel. 1. For structural panel properties - see page 16. Span table assumes dry service conditions.
5. The panel weight is based on SPF lumber values in the 2015 NDS. 2. CLT is NOT an isotropic material. Presented values must only be used for bending of panels in the major strength axis.
3. Spans shown represent distance between the center lines of supports and are to be used for preliminary design only.
4. Span table above includes panel self weight, plus 15 psf miscellaneous dead load.
5. Engineer to ensure that L/240 deflection limit is appropriate for intended use.
6. Spans are assumed to be equal for double span panels.
7. Total panel length is limited to 40 ft due to fabrication process.
8. Values in BOLD SHADING correspond to a span governed by allowable bending stress, allowable shear stress or by vibration.
9. Table values are to be used for preliminary design only.
10. Values for double spans include a 20 percent increase based on CSA 086-14.
11. Deflection L/240 is considered for total load.
Table 5 - CrossLam CLT Floor Panel Load Table, ®
Duke University, Durham, NC , USA

with 2" concrete topping maximum span (ft)
FLOOR LIVE LOAD (psf)
CROSSLAM® 40 50 75 100 150

CLT SERIES RESIDENTIAL OFFICE/CLASSROOM MECHANICAL ROOM ASSEMBLY/STORAGE LIBRARY
DEFLECTION DEFLECTION DEFLECTION DEFLECTION DEFLECTION
VIBRATION VIBRATION VIBRATION VIBRATION VIBRATION
L/240 L/240 L/240 L/240 L/240
87 V 8.79 11.19 8.79 10.75 8.79 9.88 8.79 9.00a 8.79 7.75a
87 E 9.44 12.11 9.44 11.64 9.44 10.71 9.44 10.00 9.44 8.97
105 V 10.17 13.26 10.17 12.74 10.17 11.72 10.17 10.65a 10.17 9.18a
105 E 10.91 14.35 10.91 13.79 10.91 12.69 10.91 11.86 10.91 10.64
139 V 14.65 17.06 14.65 16.43 14.65 14.78a 14.65 13.46a 14.65 11.63a
139 E 15.75 18.45 15.75 17.77 15.75 16.42 15.75 15.38 15.75 13.87
SINGLE SPAN
175 V 16.78 20.38 16.78 19.39a 16.78 17.35a 16.78 15.83a 16.78 13.71a
175 E 18.01 22.02 18.01 21.24 18.01 19.65 18.01 18.43 18.01 16.64
191 V 18.30 22.64 18.30 21.62a 18.30 19.36a 18.30 17.69a 18.30 15.33a
191 E 19.65 24.44 19.65 23.59 19.65 21.87 19.65 20.55 19.65 18.59
245 V 20.98 26.32a 20.98 25.05a 20.98 22.53a 20.98 20.65a 20.98 17.97a
245 E 22.50 29.16 22.50 28.18 22.50 26.19 22.50 24.64 22.50 22.34
243 V 21.68 27.74a 21.68 26.39a 21.68 23.74a 21.68 21.75a 21.68 18.92a
243 E 23.28 30.19 23.28 29.19 23.28 27.14 23.28 25.56 23.28 23.19
315 V 24.86 31.80a 24.86 30.35a 24.86 27.44a 24.86 25.24a 24.86 22.06a
315 E 26.66 35.95 26.66 34.81 26.66 32.48 26.66 30.64 26.66 27.87
87 V 10.55 11.83a 10.55 11.17a 10.55 9.91a 10.55 9.00a 10.55 7.75a
87 E 11.33 16.42 11.33 15.80 11.33 14.55 11.33 13.41a 11.33 11.54a
105 V 12.20 13.95a 12.20 13.18a 12.20 11.72a 12.20 10.65a 12.20 9.18a
105 E 13.09 19.48 13.09 18.75 13.09 17.29 13.09 15.86a 13.09 13.67a
139 V 17.58 17.51a 17.58 16.58a 17.58 14.78a 17.58 13.46a 17.58 11.63a
139 E 18.90 18.90 18.90 18.90 18.90 15.67b
DOUBLE SPAN
175 V 19.39a 17.35a 15.83a 13.71a

175 E
191 V 19.36a 17.69a 15.33a
191 E
245 V 17.97a
245 E MAXIMUM VALUE IS 20 FT
243 V Span is governed by maximum panel length of 40 ft. 18.92a
243 E Use max value of 20 ft or design as simple span using table values above.
315 V a
315 E
Notes:
1. For structural panel properties - see page 16. Span table assumes dry service conditions.
2. CLT is NOT an isotropic material. Presented values must only be used for bending panels in the major strength axis.
3. Spans shown represent distance between the center lines of supports and are to be used for preliminary design only.
4. Span table above includes panel self weight, 20 psf for concrete topping, plus 15 psf miscellaneous dead load.
5. Engineer to ensure that L/240 deflection limit is appropriate for intended use.
6. Spans are assumed to be equal for double span panels.
7. Total panel length is limited to 40 ft due to fabrication process.
8. Values in BOLD SHADING correspond to a span governed by allowable bending stress, allowable shear stress or by vibration.
9. Table values are to be used for preliminary design only.
10. The non-structural flooring is assumed to provide an enhanced vibration effect on double spans. Values include a 20 percent increase.
11. Deflection L/240 is considered for total load.
12. For floors with concrete topping, where the concrete is applied directly to the CLT panel, weight of concrete is ignored in the calculation of vibration-controlled span limit, provided the area density Tall Tree Integrated Health Centre, Victoria, BC, Canada
of the topping is not greater than twice the bare CLT floor area density.
Table 6 - CrossLam CLT Roof Panel Load Table, maximum span (ft)
®
Table 7 - CrossLam CLT Wall Panel Load Table (Axial Loading Only)
®
125% NON-SNOW PR (kips) L (ft)

ROOF SNOW LOAD (PSF, UNFACTORED)
LOAD PANEL PANEL
CROSSLAM® 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
NAME SIZE (in)
CLT SERIES 20 30 40 55 100 20
87 V 3.43 36.80 35.13 30.69 23.28 16.77 12.32 9.34
L/180 L/240 L/180 L/240 L/180 L/240 L/180 L/240 L/180 L/240 L/180 L/240
87 E 3.43 58.64 54.15 43.26 30.61 21.62 15.81 11.97
87 V 16.21 14.69 14.95 13.55 14.01 12.68 12.62a 11.70 9.91a 9.88 16.21 14.69
105 V 4.14 37.07 36.24 34.36 30.52 24.81 19.31 15.06 11.95
87 E 17.51 15.87 16.17 14.65 15.15 13.72 14.00 12.67 11.85 10.70 17.51 15.87
105 E 4.14 59.35 57.21 52.11 42.94 32.92 25.04 19.38 15.33
105 V 19.10 17.31 17.66 16.00 16.57 15.00 14.86a 13.86 11.72a 11.72 19.10 17.31
105 E 20.62 18.68 19.09 17.29 17.92 16.22 16.58 15.00 14.06 12.69 20.62 18.68 139 V 5.48 55.94 55.17 53.58 50.51 45.09 37.78 30.63 24.79 20.26 16.79 14.10
139 V 24.18 21.92 22.48 20.38 20.74a 19.18 18.61a 17.80 14.78a 14.78a 24.18 21.92 139 E 5.48 90.04 88.15 83.99 75.83 63.41 50.55 40.04 32.08 26.11 21.59 18.11
139 E 26.04 23.61 24.25 21.98 22.86 20.71 21.24 19.24 18.15 16.42 26.04 23.61 175 V 6.90 56.13 55.73 54.98 53.72 51.65 48.36 43.64 38.03 32.52 27.69 23.66 20.35 17.64 15.41
26.15a 24.05a 21.68a 17.35a 17.35a
SINGLE SPAN
175 V 28.56 25.89 24.16 22.81 21.23 28.56 25.89

175 E 6.90 90.52 89.56 87.69 84.39 78.84 70.53 60.57 50.93 42.69 35.96 30.56 26.20 22.68 19.79
175 E 30.76 27.87 28.76 26.05 27.19 24.62 25.34 22.93 21.74 19.65 30.76 27.87
191 V 7.53 74.88 74.36 73.40 71.80 69.18 65.02 59.00 51.69 44.37 37.86 32.39 27.88 24.18 21.13 18.60
191 V 31.51 28.57 29.00a 26.73 26.72a 25.27 24.13a 23.56 19.36a 19.36a 31.51 28.57
191 E 33.86 30.70 31.74 28.77 30.06 27.24 28.07 25.43 24.17 21.87 33.86 30.70 191 E 7.53 120.83 119.61 117.24 113.09 106.11 95.53 82.51 69.64 58.48 49.33 41.94 35.98 31.14 27.18 23.91
245 V 36.12a 33.60 33.02a 31.60 30.61a 30.00 27.81a 27.81a 22.53a 22.53a 37.07 33.60 245 V 9.66 75.05 74.78 74.30 73.56 72.47 70.90 68.66 65.50 61.27 56.13 50.54 45.06 40.02 35.57 31.69
245 E 39.84 36.11 37.54 34.01 35.67 32.31 33.44 30.27 28.96 26.19 39.84 36.11 245 E 9.66 121.26 120.62 119.48 117.65 114.87 110.73 104.73 96.66 87.07 77.11 67.74 59.43 52.26 46.15 40.96
243 V 38.09a 34.79 34.81a 32.72 32.26a 31.06 29.31a 29.07 23.74a 23.74a 38.36 34.79
243 V 9.58 93.76 93.37 92.68 91.59 89.96 87.55 84.05 79.12 72.72 65.41 58.01 51.16 45.10 39.86 35.38
243 E 37.32 38.79 35.16 36.88 33.42 34.59 31.33 30.00 27.14 37.32
243 E 9.58 151.48 150.57 148.90 146.19 142.00 135.62 126.42 114.50 101.28 88.42 76.91 67.02 58.66 51.62 45.69
315 V 39.24a 38.55 36.60a 36.60a 33.49a 33.49a 27.44a 27.44a
315 E 39.55 37.23 35.91 32.48 315 V 12.42 93.93 93.73 93.37 92.84 92.10 91.09 89.75 87.95 85.57 82.46 78.50 73.73 68.39 62.82 51.62
315 E 12.42 151.90 151.42 150.58 149.31 147.49 144.95 141.45 136.69 130.35 122.36 113.06 103.14 93.34 84.16 75.84
87 V 17.55a 17.55a 15.59a 15.59a 14.17a 14.17a 12.62a 12.62a 9.91a 9.91a 18.30a 18.30a
87 E 19.79 18.56 18.93 17.16 15.31a 14.57 Notes:
1. For panel properties - see page 16.
105 V 18.26a 18.26a 16.64a 16.64a 14.86a 14.86a 11.72a 11.72a 2. Table assumes dry service conditions.
105 E 18.10a 17.29 3. Pr =FcAparallelCDCMCTCP, where the Pr values are not given, the slenderness ratio exceeds 50.
4. The following factors were used for calculations: CD=1.0, CM=1.0, CT=1.0.
139 V 18.61a 18.61a 14.78a 14.78a 5. Table values are to be used for preliminary design only.
139 E 6. Eccentricity of axial load and wind loading has not been included.
7. Axial load table assumes outer laminations to be vertical.
175 V 17.35a 17.35a
DOUBLE SPAN
8. For applications with loading different than what is indicated above, contact your Structurlam technical representative.
175 E
191 V 19.36a 19.36a
191 E
245 V
Table 8 - CrossLam CLT In-Plane Shear Loading ®
245 E MAXIMUM VALUE IS 20 FT

243 V Span is governed by maximum panel length of 40 ft. CROSSLAM® CLT SERIES
243 E Use max value of 20 ft or design as simple span using table values above.
315 V 87 V 87 E 105 V 105 E 139 V 139 E 175 V 175 E 191 V 191 E 245 V 245 E 243 V 243 E 315 V 315 E
a
315 E
Vr (lbs/ft)
Notes:
1. For structural panel properties - see page 16. Span table assumes dry service conditions. 10656 10656 15869 15869 15869 15869 23428 23428 23428 23428 23428 23428 23428 23428 23428 23428
2. CLT is NOT an isotropic material. Presented values must only be used for bending panels in the major strength axis.
3. Spans shown represent distance between the center lines of supports and are to be used for preliminary design only. Notes:
4. Span table above considers panel self weight and 10 psf for miscellaneous dead load. [Ref: International Building Code 2012 - art.1607.5]. 1. For panel properties - see page 16.
5. Ponding or ceiling finishes may require higher deflection limits. 2. Table values are to be used for preliminary design only.
6. Engineer to ensure that deflection limit is appropriate for intended use. 3. Table values for 87 V and 87 E are computed based on "In- Plane Shear Capacity and Verification Methods" by Prof. G. Schickhofer, University of Graz.
7. Spans are assumed to be equal for double span panels. 4. Other table values are based on the in-plane shear resistance test conducted by the Advanced Building Sytems Department at FPInnovations. The panels were tested according to the
8. Total panel length is limited to 40 ft due to the fabrication process. test requirements of the ICC/ES AC455 acceptance criteria (Section 4.3) that refers to the method of ASTM D5456-14.
9. Table values are to be used for preliminary design only. 5. Values are for CrossLam® CLT panel only, not for shear connectors.
10. L/180 is total load deflection limit; L/240 is snow load deflection limit. 6. For applications with loading different than what is indicated above, contact your Structurlam technical representative.
11. For applications with deflection limits or loading different than what is indicated above, contact your Structurlam technical representative.
Wesbrook Community Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
CrossLam® CLT Connection Details - Floor to Roof Panel Joints

Structurlam will work with your team to identify the most cost-effective connection system for your structure. The following details
show typical connection details used in CrossLam® CLT buildings.
ASSEMBLY TOLERANCE GAP
FULLY THREADED
TIMBER SCREW
BUTT JOINT CONNECTION
TOLERANCE GAP
PARTIALLY THREADED
TIMBER SCREW OR NAILS
TOLERANCE GAP
SPLINE CONNECTION
TOLERANCE GAP
FULLY THREADED
TIMBER SCREW PARTIALLY THREADED
FOR SHEAR REINFORCE- TIMBER SCREW
MENT ONLY
HALF LAP CONNECTION

TOLERANCE GAP
Flat Roof to Beam to Wall Connections Flat Roof to Wall Connections
PARTIALLY
PARTIALLY THREADED THREADED
TIMBER SCREW FULLY THREADED SHEAR TIMBER SCREW
PLANE SCREW
HIDDEN KNIFE
PLATE CONNECTION
PARTIALLY
Roof to Beam to Wall Connection THREADED
TIMBER SCREW
CLT PANEL AND THROUGH BEAM
ROOF CONNECTION
PARTIALLY THREADED
TIMBER SCREW
PARTIALLY THREADED
TIMBER SCREW
LEDGER BLOCK
RICON/MEGANT
STYLE CONNECTOR
PARTIALLY THREADED
TIMBER SCREW
FLOOR LEDGER CONNECTION CLT WALL AND FLOOR CONNECTION
PARTIALLY THREADED
TIMBER SCREW
SILL PLATE
ANCHOR
BOLT DUCTILE HOLD DOWN
WITH LARGE CONNECTION
TOLERANCES
SELF-TAPPING
MASONRY SCREW
SILL PLATE
ANCHOR ROD
CONCRETE HOLD DOWN
Post installed on-site to suit conditions. CLT HOLD DOWN CONNECTION
Allow tolerance for leveling sill plate or grout.
HIGH FORCE HOLD
DOWN CONNECTION
Angled Roof to Wall Connections FULLY THREADED Wall to Concrete Connections
TIMBER SCREW
PARTIALLY THREADED
TIMBER SCREW
PARTIALLY THREADED
TIMBER SCREW
FULLY THREADED
TIMBER SCREW
THREADED ROD
THROUGH BOLTS
ANGLED ROOF TO WALL

CONNECTION ANCHOR BOLT
GROUT &/OR
SILL PLATE
CLT TO CONCRETE
PARTIALLY THREADED BEARING CONNECTION
TIMBER SCREW
PRE-ENGINEERED L
BRACKET
KNIFE PLATE
TOLERANCE GAP
DRAG STRAP
NAIL CLIP & SPIRAL

PLATFORM FRAMED WALL AND SHANK NAIL ARRAY
FLOOR CONNECTION
PARTIALLY THREADED FULLY THREADED

TIMBER SCREW TIMBER SCREW
SITE WELD L
ANGLE
NELSON STUDS
CLT TO CONCRETE WALLS

EWP OR CORE BEARING SURFACE
NAIL TYPE
CLIP CONNECTORS CLT PANEL TO
GROUT
COLUMN
THREADED ROD
CONNECTIONS
SELF-TAPPING
MASONRY SCREW ANCHOR BOLT
EWP SILL LEVELLING PLATE
Crosslam® CLT Frequently Asked Questions
WHERE IS CLT REFERENCED IN THE WHAT IS THE INSULATION VALUE

1 6
BUILDING CODE? OF CLT?
CLT is now included as a structural system in both the 2015 The insulation value of CLT is as follows:
International Building Code (IBC) for Type IV Construction • R Value: 1.2 per inch (h·ft2· °F/Btu)
(Heavy Timber) and the 2015 National Design Specification
(NDS) for Wood Construction. Chapter 10 of the NDS applies to CLT also has significant thermal mass acting as a thermal
CLT manufactured to ANSI/APA standards which states battery for both heating and cooling loads.
“CLT shall be manufactured in accordance with ANSI/APA
PRG-320 2012 Standard for Performance Related Cross
CAN WE USE CLT IN EXTERIOR
Laminated Timber.” 7
APPLICATIONS?
The 2015 NDS states that CLT must only be used in dry
CAN CLT SPAN IN TWO DIRECTIONS? service conditions where the moisture content in service is
2
less than 16 percent. Soffits usually meet this requirement.
CLT is manufactured to span in two directions. The
unique structural properties of CrossLam® CLT give it strength
in both major and minor axis directions. The minor strength
CAN CLT BE USED IN SOFFIT
span direction needs to be calculated separately as CLT is 8
APPLICATIONS?
not isotropic.
A soffit application is considered to be a dry service
application, so this is an acceptable detail for CrossLam® CLT.
HOW ARE PANELS CONNECTED? Be sure to detail the ends of the panels with protective fascia
3
and metal flashing materials to protect CLT from the elements.
There are a variety of connection systems for CLT panels
Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
that provide excellent engineering solutions and are fast and
simple to use on the job site. Please refer to pages 23-27 in the
CAN WE EXPOSE THE PANEL EDGE?
CrossLam® CLT Design Guide for more connection information. 9
It is permissible to expose the CrossLam® CLT panel
edge when used in an interior dry service application. It
CAN WE RUN MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL is not permissible to expose the panel edge in an exterior
4
AND PLUMBING (MEP) THROUGH THE application detail. See FAQ #8. Edge sealer can be supplied as a
CLT PANEL? recommended additional surface protection.
Unlike concrete, the installation of MEP services is easy when
building with CLT panels. Services can be field located on-site
WHAT ARE THE FIRE RESISTANCE
and cut with power tools by the installer. Should MEP services 10 RATINGS OF CLT?
need factory prefabrication, locations must be determined
during the shop drawing phase before manufacturing of Please see Chapter 8 - Fire Performance of Cross Laminated
CLT begins. This information must be provided to Structurlam Timber Assemblies in the U.S. CLT Handbook published by the
in a fabrication-level 3D model with solid opening volumes to American Wood Council and FPInnovations. When used with
be cut out of the CLT model. glues compliant with PRG-320 2018 or newer CLT has the
same fire protection properties as solid wood. FRR is primarily
a function of the moment capacity of the panel based on load
CAN ALL CROSSLAM® CLT PANELS BE and span.
5
USED IN VISUAL APPLICATIONS?
No. E1 panels are not available with a visual grade or with a WHAT ARE THE ACOUSTIC RATINGS -
Dfir face layer. They cannot be used in visual applications in 11 STC, IIC, FSTC AND FIIC FOR CLT?
standard visual applications, but can be used understanding
their lower-quality grading requirement. Spandrel panels do not Currently, all assemblies are calculated according to the
have edge pressure on the laminations and are not tight at time specific application. Please see Chapter 9 - Sound Insulation
of manufacture. They cannot be used for visual applications. in the U.S. CLT Handbook published by the American Wood
Council and FPInnovations. Page 61 of this guide contains
possible demonstration sample values for CLT assembly
Mica Heli-Ski Lodge, Mica, BC, Canada
acoustic performance.
®
CAN CLT BE USED IN SHEAR WALL CAN WE DO OUR OWN

12 18
APPLICATIONS? SHOP DRAWINGS?
Yes. Shear walls and diaphragms must be designed in Yes, you can do your own shop drawings. Structurlam can Structurlam GlulamPLUS® uses the highest-quality, sustainably-harvested, interior-grown Douglas fir
accordance with ANSI/AWC SDPWS-2015, Special Design provide design standards that are compatible with our fiber, coupled with clear adhesive and a hand-sanded finish to create North America's most beautiful
Provisions for Wind and Seismic. manufacturing requirements. We accept single piece shop
drawings as well as the following file formats: IFC, STP, STL or glulam beams and columns. Combined with a wide size range, stringent QC process, CNC framing
3dz (CadWork).
CAN CLT PANELS BE USED AS A to exacting tolerances and other time-saving options like factory installed connections and factory
13
VAPOR BARRIER? applied stain, GlulamPLUS® beams and columns stand above all others.
The U.S. CLT Handbook Chapter 10 states that CLT panels may IS TRUCKLOAD SEQUENCING AVAILABLE
19
meet requirements for both vapor retarders and vapor barriers. BEFORE SHIPPING TO THE JOB SITE?
In the last few years, glulam has become a key component as the backbone of mass timber
These findings are subject to the thickness of CLT, properly Truckload sequencing is an added service that we offer. It is
sealed connections and lifelong movement of wood products. recommended for projects in urban areas where a staging area structures. One of the greatest advantages of GlulamPLUS® is that it can be manufactured in a wide
is not available. Load sequencing must be requested during the range of shapes, sizes and configurations to match your vision.
shop drawing process.
CAN OTHER BUILDING MATERIALS BE
14
APPLIED TO CROSSLAM® CLT PANELS? The strength and beauty of GlulamPLUS® allow you to expose the bones of your building. Our
Yes, but not during the CLT manufacturing process. Foam DOES STRUCTURLAM OFFER A
20 customers typically incorporate these structural elements as a high-grade visual component in
insulation, butyl peel and stick membranes (blue-skin), drywall, WARRANTY ON PANELS?
acoustic materials and many other building materials can be Yes, warranty information can be found in the impressive applications, such as vaulted ceilings and soaring open spaces. GlulamPLUS® beams and
applied to CrossLam® CLT panels in a post-manufacturing Structurlam Sales Terms & Conditions. Please refer to columns, when combined with mass timber systems such as CrossLam® CLT floors and roof decks,
environment. our website or contact your local Structurlam Mass
Timber specialist. can be a key component of an earth-friendly building that offers a beneficial indoor environment.
CAN COATINGS BE APPLIED TO
15 Structurlam has a long history of developing project delivery systems to help ensure your project
CROSSLAM® CLT?
Yes. Coatings are field applied. Coatings are NOT applied to is delivered on time and in full. GlulamPLUS® allows your project to be erected quicker on-site,
CrossLam® CLT during manufacturing. producing an economic and beautiful structure made from sustainable material.
DO YOU APPLY SEALER TO THE EDGE This guide was created to help you design and specify GlulamPLUS® for your project. If you have any
16
OF THE CROSSLAM® CLT PANELS TO
PREVENT CHECKING? questions, please reach out to our qualified team of technical Mass Timber Specialists and support
Applying a sealer to the end of CrossLam® CLT panels is not a staff to help you complete your project.
standard practice as it can affect other coating and finishing
systems. However, if desired, Structurlam does offer this
service at an additional cost.
GLULAMPLUS® ADVANTAGES:
IS YOUR CROSSLAM CLT PANEL ®
17
EDGE-GLUED? • North American code approved
No. Structurlam does not edge-glue CrossLam® CLT panels. Our • Range of shapes and sizes
state-of-the-art press technology has an edge pressure system • Superior wood fiber and appearance
to minimize gaps between the lamellas. This system also • Hand-sanded, high-quality finish
controls face checking on CrossLam® CLT panels.
• Prefabricated kit of parts, CNC-framed to tight tolerances
• Top-notch project delivery experience
• BIM modeling options
• Shop-assembled connections
Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Ballard Library, Seattle, WA, USA • Rigorous quality control process
30 CROSSLAM® CLT | U.S. Mass Timber Design Guide U.S. Mass Timber Design Guide | GLULAMPLUS® 31
SFI-01726
MANUFACTURING/FIBER AVAILABLE SIZES

Fiber: Interior Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) Max length standard: 60’ (18.3 m)
Glue: Melamine (standard) or Phenol Resorcinol (optional) Max length specialty: 110’ (33.5 m)
FSC Certification: Available upon request Max depth standard: 48” (1219 mm)
(Additional costs may apply) Max depth specialty: 96” (2438 mm)
SFI Certification: Available upon request Minimum depth: 4.5” (114 mm)
(Additional costs may apply)
Moisture Content: 7%-15%
Density: 34 lbs/ft3, 560 kg/m3
Certifications: ANSI/AITC 190.1, ANSI 117, CSA 0122, CSA-0177
and JAS program for glulam
ARCHITECTURAL
INDUSTRIAL FINISH WIDTH
FINISH WIDTH
NOMINAL SIZE IMPERIAL (IN) METRIC (MM) IMPERIAL (IN) METRIC (MM)
2x4 3 1/8 79 3 1/8 76 Note: Industrial-sized members are

industrial visual quality. They also carry
2x6 5 1/8 130 5 1/8 127 industrial framing tolerances and are
2x8 6 7/8 175 6 3/4 170 not squared to the same accuracy as
architectural finish members. Mass timber
2x10 SL 8 5/8 219 8 1/2 216 packages with specialty steel connections or
2x12 SL 10 3/8 263 10 1/4 260 pre-engineered connections must be quality Shane Homes YMCA at Rocky Ridge, Calgary, AB, Canada
finish and 1/4" (6.4 mm) undersized in width
2x14 SL 12 3/8 314 12 1/4 311 to properly fit on-site. GlulamPLUS® depth
2x16 SL 14 3/8 365 14 1/4 362 will also be undersized by 1/2" (13 mm) for
2x18 SL 16 406 15 7/8 403

architectural quality or tight tolerances for Finishes
pre-framed applications.
ARCHITECTURAL
Members may contain natural growth characteristics allowed in specified grades of lamstock.
Arches Sides shall be planed to specified dimensions and sanded smooth. Tight knots and stain are
permitted to appear on finished surface. Loose knots, knotholes, wane and pitch pockets shall be
GlulamPLUS® has the ability to be formed into many unique and complex shapes, resulting in stunning structures that tame complex replaced with sound stock or non-shrinking waterproof filling material (wood putty).
geometry to their form. Structurlam's GlulamPLUS® arches are custom made for each project and available in a variety of formats.
Arched Structurlam members are unique to glulam and provide a significant advantage over steel or concrete alternatives.
LAMINA THICKNESS TANGENT ENDS MINIMUM CURVED END MINIMUM INDUSTRIAL

IMPERIAL (IN) METRIC (MM) RADII (FT) RADII (M) RADII (FT) RADII (M) Members may contain natural growth characteristics allowed in specific grades of lamstock. Sides
shall be planed true to specified dimensions. Occasional planing misses are permitted. Wood
1.50 38 27.6 8.4 35.4 10.8
inserts and filling are not required.
0.75 19 9.2 2.8 12.5 3.8
Note: Any arch within 3 ft (1 m) radii of the minimum radii is subject to substantial spring back and will not exhibit perfect
geometry. Talk to your technical sales representative for more information.
32 GLULAMPLUS® | U.S. Mass Timber Design Guide U.S. Mass Timber Design Guide | GLULAMPLUS® 33
Structural Design Values and Grades Storage and Handling of GlulamPLUS® Building Products
QUALITY ASSURANCE AND STANDARDS DETAILS
Structurlam provides glulam products that meet the current Our GlulamPLUS® package incorporates full 3D BIM modeling
ALLOWABLE STRESSES (PSI)
ANSI/APA190.1 and Japanese standards through daily QC that is required for our precise CNC machines to frame
COMBINATION TEN./ F BX COMP./ F BX F VX EX E C// E C1 FT testing, bimonthly third-party audits and annual internal the glulam. This fully framed glulam is test fit with steel
reviews. However, QC is applied to a lot more than just the connections typically supplied by Structurlam for mass timber
Unbalanced Layups
products we make and the standards they are made to. It is to mass timber connections. This ensures a quick and simple
EWS 24F-V4/DF 2400 1850 265 1.8 x 106 1650 650 1100
also performed in all aspects of our Mass Timber packages installation on-site reducing risks and unknowns.
Balanced Layups as our Quality Assurance and Product Application Assurance
EWS 24F-V8/DF 2400 2400 265 1.8 x 106 1650 650 1100 (PAA) systems. The finished products all have a Quality
Assurance process to ensure that what has been included FINISHES
* SOURCE ANSI 190.1
in the 3D model perfectly matches what is sent to site. This Wood finishes are a necessary component of preserving your
includes QC checks when creating the model and multiple products at the most critical phase of service. Bare wood
steps as the product is manufactured. products highlight the natural beauty of wood, as wood
COLUMN LAYUP DESIGNATIONS AND DESIGN STRESSES* (PSI) behaves as the natural material it is, by checking, swelling and
SPECIES AND changing color over time. GlulamPLUS® beams and columns
LAM GRADE FC E F BX F BY F VX F VY
LAYUP COMBINATION are coated with a standard sealer, which, in addition to proper
DF – Comb. No. 2 12 1900 1.7 x 106 1700 1800 240 210 efforts for storage and handling during construction, can help
* All stress values are in psi and assume 4 or more laminations (up to 15 inches) without special tension laminations. Numerous other species and layup combinations are available. to account for these factors.
See Glulam Design Properties, Form Y117, for more information.
* SOURCE ANSI 190.1
CAMBER STANDARDS:
Four standard cambers are available. Any cambers falling
outside these standards are custom processed and carry Camber 1: Radius 1310'
additional fabrication costs as arches. Standard cambers carry Camber 2: Radius 1833'
no additional costs. Camber cannot be used with complex
multi-point connection or pre-engineered tight tolerance Camber 3: Radius 2620'
connections. Cambers should only be used when simple bucket Camber 4: Radius 3274'
or knife plate connections are used on each end of the beam.
BEAM CAMBER PARAMETERS
L = Span (ft.)
Cambered Beam
R = Radius of curvature (ft.) = Camber (in.)
Telus Gardens, Vancouver, BC, Canada

SOURCE APA: The Engineered Wood Association
34 GLULAMPLUS® | U.S. Mass Timber Design Guide U.S. Mass Timber Design Guide | GLULAMPLUS® 35
Elk Country Visitors Center
WEATHER CONDITIONS
Mass Timber Building Systems
CHECKING
Glulam beams, columns and arches are susceptible to The future of multi-story commercial and residential building is here and it's made from an organic
adverse weather conditions and precautions must be taken
to protect them. Rain and moisture will cause staining of End face compound that is as strong as steel, sequesters carbon dioxide and is 100 percent renewable. Nature's
glulam members. If bolts are used with steel connections, carbon fiber engineering dream, Wood, is the material of the future. For more than five decades,
End check
ensure they are free of oil. Otherwise this will cause staining.
Using galvanized bolts and connectors will prevent this. Any Structurlam has been at the forefront of engineered timber, developing systems that include products
unprotected structural steel that can rust could also drip onto and components like CrossLam® CLT and GlulamPLUS®, making mass timber structures possible.
the glulam members and cause staining. Ensure the protective
poly is kept on the glulam members until the roof is installed.
Structurlam is more than a fabricator of high-quality engineered wood products and building systems:
Side face
SUDDEN APPLICATION OF HEAT We’re an innovator of mass timber design, engineering, 3D modeling and precision manufacturing.
Side check By applying these technologies to wood—the only renewable structural material available—you can
Sudden application of heat to buildings can rapidly change
the moisture content of glulam beams, columns and arches, prefabricate your entire project. This saves precious time and money on-site, mitigating design risks and
producing an adverse affect on the structural integrity and
cause adverse checking to glulam building products. It is accelerating construction schedules. That is a benefit you won’t see with any other building material.
important that care is taken during transit, storage and
throughout all stages of construction to avoid rapid changes
The technical information presented in this guide describes a variety of structural systems commonly
in the moisture content of glulam building products. Ambient
building temperature should be gradually increased in the used in the construction of mass timber buildings and is intended to guide architects, engineers,
structure over a two- to three-week period, up to normal Bottom face
designers, contractors and developers in their designs. For further guidance and expertise, please
temperatures. This will ensure a gradual change in the
moisture content of the glulam building products. The slower Bottom check contact our qualified team of technical representatives and support staff. We would be happy to be
the moisture content in the wood equalizes with the moisture
of further assistance to your project.
content in the air, the better. It is important to not direct
In bending members (beams, rafters, girders, etc.),
any forced air heating systems onto the glulam structural checks are commonly observed in the face of the bottom
members. Regulate all heating units remembering that hot lamination, in the side of the members and at the end of
air rises and temperatures at the ceiling can reach much the members.
higher temperatures where glulam structural members are
often located. Adequate venting should also be provided to SOURCE APA: The Engineered Wood Association
maintain normal relative humidity in the building and monitor
if necessary. It is recommended to apply the final finish to
the glulam member before heat is applied as this will help to
regulate the change in moisture content.
CHECKING
Checking is a natural occurrence in glulam and is due to
dimensional changes and the internal release of fiber
stresses as the wood takes on or expels moisture from the
ambient air humidity. If you believe excessive checking is
occurring, please consult your Structurlam representative.
Allowing for gradual acclimation to the relative environmental
conditions to ensure slow humidity changes during
construction, occupation and throughout the building's
service life can help to mitigate checking.
36 GLULAMPLUS® | U.S. Mass Timber Design Guide UBC

U.S. Mass Timber Design Brock
Guide Commons,
| MASS TIMBERVancouver, BC, Canada
BUILDING SYSTEMS 37
Design Development and Service Options
Structurlam is a world-renowned fabricator of complex structural timber components. Our team of design and manufacturing
professionals carefully integrates 3D computer models with CNC controlled milling machines to produce world-leading projects.
Our goal is to help design teams make the most of their projects by leveraging the cost savings and structural advantages of
mass timber construction. We offer design and fabrication services at a variety of levels.
DESIGN SUPPLY MANUFACTURING TRADITIONAL BID FABRICATION CrossLam® CLT and GlulamPLUS®, Mass Timber Fabrication
DESIGN ASSIST ONLY
Structurlam’s Mass Timber package is fabricated using the latest optimized design alternatives to increase constructability
3D modeling software. Data is transferred directly to our CNC and reduce overall costs. Shop drawings for panels and steel
Full Engineering Assist the EOR and Complete detailing Supply of mass timber
or Specialty Engineering Architect with achieving and drafting services members per single machines—the most sophisticated milling machinery in North connectors are generated from the 3D model, and digital
cost optimization (steel connections piece shop drawing or America, allowing us to achieve tight fabrication tolerances. files are sent to our CNC machines for fabrication. Finally,
Partner with Architect and hardware) fully detailed 3D model our 3D model is used to develop a material list for efficient
to retain original Complete detailing
design intent and drafting services Supply of mass CrossLam® CLT projects begin with your drawings, from which purchasing, loading diagrams to optimize freight as well as
(steel connections timber members we develop a 3D BIM model that is used to design panels and assembly drawings for quick and efficient installation.
Complete detailing and hardware) per Structurlam connectors. Our model also allows our experts to identify
and drafting services shop drawings
(steel connections Supply of mass
and hardware) timber members
per Structurlam
Supply of mass shop drawings CrossLam® CLT Delivery, Storage and Handling
timber members
per Structurlam Structurlam takes every reasonable precaution to protect
shop drawings
your mass timber package components during shipment by
wrapping panels in 100 percent recyclable plastic. However,
when not properly handled and protected, panels and beams
are subject to surface marring and damage, water staining,
sun damage and checking. We recommend you follow the
guidelines outlined in our CrossLam® CLT and GlulamPLUS®
Storage and Handling Guide available on our website or
through our office.
CrossLam® CLT Installation

Detailed pre-construction planning can help to ensure
installation of CrossLam® CLT is easy, safe and efficient.
Depending on the project site, we recommend that sufficient
space be available to:
• Prepare panels or GlulamPLUS® system for installation

• Re-sort panels according to the install sequence
• If required, apply treatments
• If required, add on-site hardware
Truckload sequencing is a standard feature of the Structurlam
Mass Timber package. The exact sequencing is established
during the shop drawing process. In order to maintain safe
shipment, some panels may be delivered out of sequence in
order to properly balance the load. Please contact our office to
learn more about truckload sequencing. All lifting equipment,
rigging and hoisting devices are designed by the installer's
UBC Brock Commons, Vancouver, BC, Canada erection engineer taking into account all site conditions.
Shoreline Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
38 MASS TIMBER BUILDING SYSTEMS | U.S. Mass Timber Design Guide U.S. Mass Timber Design Guide | MASS TIMBER BUILDING SYSTEMS 39
CrossLam® CLT Floor Vibration Benefits of building with Structurlam’s
vs. Concrete Control Comparison Mass Timber Products
Mass timber systems produce a lighter-weight structure and Floor vibration performance depends on the application and
a lighter carbon footprint than concrete. CrossLam® CLT is up the expectations of the user. As such, floor vibration should EASE AND SPEED OF CONSTRUCTION FIRE AND ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE
to five times lighter than concrete and can be installed three be designed accordingly. The preferred design method to
times faster than cast-in-place concrete, with many erectors controlling vibrations in CLT floors is found in NDS 2015 and Due to the nature of prefabrication, mass timber components Due to the mass of heavy timber products, impact, airborne
installing up to 15,000 square feet per day with a team of 4-6 the US CLT Handbook. The chart below compares the thickness arrive on-site as a kit of parts, require less storage and can be and flanking sound transfer can be controlled effectively
people. CrossLam® CLT is also cost comparative to concrete of CrossLam® CLT floors against concrete and at what level we shipped for just-in-time scheduling to facilitate quick assembly creating adequate acoustic performance in your building. Mass
and allows for construction in areas with poor soil conditions. are able to better control our vibration with CrossLam® CLT in dense urban areas. Prefabrication in Structurlam’s facility timber also performs exceptionally well in fire events due
As CLT replaces concrete in buildings, the overall weight of the versus concrete. allows complex cuts to be made with high precision and small to its slow charring and self-insulating properties. Our Mass
structure is reduced, allowing for a reduced amount of rebar tolerances, effectively reducing custom work on-site. Timber products char at the same rate as solid wood products,
and lower total cost. providing effective fire protection.
CONCRETE VIBRATION STRUCTURAL STRENGTH AND STABILITY

CrossLam® CLT sequesters CO2 and allows a building to serve CROSSLAM® CLT PANEL COST EFFICIENCY
SLAB CONTROLLED Thanks to the high strength-to-weight ratio of timber,
CLT SERIES (IN)
as a carbon sink over its lifetime. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (IN) SPAN (FT)
projects utilizing mass timber systems typically have smaller, Mass timber buildings, when designed effectively, have
of building materials shows the carbon footprint of wood is
87 V 3.43 5.31 10.5 less expensive foundations and are ideally suited for poor similar material costs to concrete and steel alternatives. Cost
lower than steel or concrete when compared with seven key
soil conditions. CrossLam® CLT is made up of a series of efficiencies must be implemented via:
environmental measures (see chart “Environmental Impact of 105 V 4.14 5.91 12.1
perpendicular layers, adding strength to the system in • Reduced schedule/financing
Wood, Steel and Concrete”). 139 V 5.48 7.48 14.8 multiple directions. As a result, CrossLam® CLT is an exemplary
• Reduced foundation design, lightweight materials
175 V 6.90 8.46 16.7 product compared to other mass timber products, making it
To learn more about the environmental footprint of • Mitigated on-site risks/issues
191 V 7.53 9.25 18.4
ideal for both regular and architecturally complex structures.
Structurlam products, contact us for a copy of our Life
Due to the rigidity of CrossLam® CLT, panels create an effective • Simplified fit and finish
Cycle Assessment and Environmental Product Declaration 243 V 9.58 10.24 21.0
lateral load-resisting system with exceptional performance • Ease of MEP installation
documents. You can read more about the LCA of wood 245 V 9.66 10.83 21.6 in high seismic and wind events. The design principles
by visiting http://www.naturallywood.com/wood-design/ • Use of prefabrication and industrialized industry 4.0
315 V 12.42 12.40 24.9 for both GlulamPlus® and CrossLam® CLT can be referenced
responsible-choice/life-cycle-assessment construction practices
50 psf live load plus self weight plus 21 psf miscellaneous dead load in NDS 2015 in the U.S. or CSA o86 in Canada.
Indicates CrossLam® CLT thickness advantage ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

THERMAL AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE
Timber-based building materials contain many environmental
The material properties of mass timber help to manage the
benefits when compared to conventional materials such as
transfer of thermal energy through the building envelope
steel and concrete. A major benefit of mass timber is that it
by resisting air transfer, creating a highly insulated space.
sequesters CO2 over its life and, therefore, acts as a carbon
Due to the tight tolerances and precision of prefabrication in
sink, ultimately helping to mitigate one of the most pressing
Structurlam’s state-of-the-art manufacturing facility,
issues impacting our society today: global warming. If the
Environmental Impact of Wood, Steel and Concrete joints between panels and members tend to fit together
harvesting, processing and replanting of trees is conducted
tighter, resulting in the improved energy efficiency of your
responsibly, more CO2 can be stored and less greenhouse gases
building. The mass in the mass timber also acts as a thermal
Three hypothetical buildings are produced during the manufacturing process. In response
6 battery, helping the structure better regulate internal
Normalized to wood value = 0.75
(wood, steel and concrete) to this pressing issue, Structurlam ensures that all wood fiber
environmental conditions.
5 Wood of identical size and used in GlulamPlus® and CrossLam® CLT is traceable from
Steel configuration are compared. certified and sustainably managed forests.
4 Concrete In all cases, impacts are lower
for the wood design.
3
Source: Dovetail Partners
2 using the Athena
Eco-Calculator (2014)
1
0
Fossil Resource GWP Acidification Eutrophi- Ozone Smog
Energy Use cation Depletion Potential
Prince George Airport, Prince George, BC, Canada
Mass Timber System Design Considerations Structural Considerations of Multi-Story Timber Buildings
DEFLECTION Typically, multi-story mass timber buildings require that all Light-Wood Frame systems. Structures with load paths that
The deflection limits of CLT are specified in IBC Table 1604.3. loading paths are vertically and uniformly aligned throughout do not align will require transfer slabs and transfer beams.
Calculating deflection should conform to the U.S. CLT all stories of the structure. Any walls and columns that remain While possible, these types of design are not cost-effective
Handbook, 2013, Chapter 2. Creep is a critical factor that aligned in the same vertical plane throughout the building can and add significant complication to mass timber structures.
should be accounted for in any structural design. Please see be used to brace the building. This is important to consider in Base designs and concepts should always avoid these types of
the approach outlined in Chapter 6 of the U.S. CLT Handbook. all mass timber building systems described in this guidebook, design situations, if possible.
The 2015 NDS contains design information on calculating including the Post and Platform, Post-Beam-Panel and Hybrid
deflection limits. Generally, the CLT floor plate will be
governed by performance-based vibration analysis. outlined in Chapter 7 of the U.S. CLT Handbook. Different
system configurations of bearing walls or beam types will also
SERVICE INTEGRATION affect the overall system vibration performance.
Building penetrations for mechanical electrical and plumbing
(MEP) services are easier and more economical to install if ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE
their locations can be included in the design of the CLT panel. CLT walls and floors contribute to the overall sound isolation
Penetrations can be cut in the factory, saving installation characteristics of the completed building. Sound transmission
time and expense. MEP services not included before the is affected by the components in wall and floor assemblies.
manufacture of the panel can still be incorporated on-site Airtight construction and specifically engineered connections
using standard construction tools. can help reduce sound transmission by mitigating flanking
transmission (sound energy that passes around, not through,
MATERIAL OPTIMIZATION panels). Chapter 9 of the U.S. CLT Handbook addresses sound
Involving Structurlam in the early stages of your project is insulation in CLT construction.
the best way to ensure efficient utilization of CrossLam®
CLT panels. To achieve material optimization, we suggest
designing in full billet sizes, 9'10.5" x 40'. Incorporating
standard panel sizes into your design will most certainly Elkford Community Conference Centre, Elkford, BC, Canada
reduce your product waste.
Ideal structural layout with walls and columns Unsuitable structural layout with complicated
VIBRATION
vertically aligned and staggered wall and column alignment
Maximum floor vibrations for CLT slab elements must be
carefully analyzed when designing with CrossLam® CLT.
Research in this area is ongoing; however, the proposed
design method for controlling vibrations in CLT floors is
UBC Brock Commons, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Jones Residence, Seattle, WA, USA Wood Innovation + Design Centre Model
Courtesy of
Michael Green Architects
UBC Brock Commons, Vancouver, BC, Canada UBC Brock Commons, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Post and Platform System
The Post and Platform system is a common SYSTEM COMPOSITION

type of mass timber structural system made up The Post and Platform system is made up of the following
components (See figure on page 46):
of CrossLam® CLT floor panels resting directly
above GlulamPLUS® columns. This system does • GlulamPLUS® columns
• CrossLam® CLT panels
not use any beams or secondary supporting
• Steel connectors (plates, screws, etc.)
members for the CrossLam® CLT panels. The
panels work in a full two-way span system point
supported on bearing columns. This system
is ideal for many types of buildings including
multi-story residential and office buildings. It
can effectively be used in both hybrid material
systems as well as full timber-based structures.
This type of structure allows easy MEP routing,
clear head heights and rapid deployment. It is
ideally suited for hotels or smaller residential
uses such as dormitories or micro apartments.
Benefits
The Post and Platform System has been is ideal for the construction of hotels, dormitories, offices and CONNECTIONS
multi-family residential buildings, among a variety of other Butt joints are advantageous because they are relatively simple
successfully used in high-profile mass timber The following sections show typical connection details used in
suitable applications. in design, do not require much prefabrication and produce
Post and Platform buildings. Structurlam will be happy to work
projects due to a variety of benefits including with your team to identify the most economical and effective highly rigid connections with ductile failure modes; however,
the following: STRAIGHTFORWARD AND DEPENDABLE connection system for your building. they require many timber screws, leading to more time and
STRUCTURAL DESIGN effort spent on-site.
EASE AND SPEED OF CONSTRUCTION The Post and Platform System is highly advantageous due Spline connections have become one of the most common
FLOOR PANEL JOINTS
to its proven structural details, simplicity and its potential panel connection systems because they are simple to frame
Connection design is typically less complex than other for consistency throughout the building if considered early In the construction of mass timber buildings, the CrossLam® and prefabricate and lead to simple installation on-site. Splines
commonly used systems, making this a very advantageous in the architectural design of the building. An important CLT panels can be joined using a variety of connections, are typically cut from 3/4" (19 mm) or 1" (25 mm) plywood,
system. The simple connections help to speed up and simplify consideration in the structural design of Post and Platform including spline or butt joint connections as detailed below. In with a width of around 5 1/2"-6" (140-150 mm), as determined
the construction process and allow for less experienced systems is the two-way span of the CrossLam® CLT. Due to its the case of both systems, the cutouts are prefabricated and by an engineer. They can be used with self-tapping timber
builders to succeed in the construction of this type of building. cross laminations, CrossLam® CLT is able to provide strength in prepared at Structurlam’s manufacturing facility to simplify screws or with nailed splines that tend to be more cost-
Commonly used connections are discussed in further detail in two directions and therefore is a superior mass timber building installation on-site. effective if the loads are appropriate.
on pages 47-48. system, which is ideal for this type of application.
ARCHITECTURAL VALUE AND FLEXIBILITY

COST EFFICIENCY
The Post and Platform system provides high architectural value
due to the high quality of natural timber materials used as well Due to the ease and speed of construction of a Post and ASSEMBLY TOLERANCE GAP
as its ability to construct open spaces. This system is made up Platform System, construction costs can be reduced
of a series of typical grids, allowing for the simple design of considerably since this system has proven to take weeks, or
open concept living and workspaces. As a result, this system even months, off the construction schedule.
FULLY THREADED
TIMBER SCREW
Typical Post and Platform System Construction
GlulamPLUS® Columns BUTT JOINT CONNECTION
CrossLam® CLT Panels

TOLERANCE GAP
PARTIALLY THREADED
TIMBER SCREW
OR NAILS
Steel Connectors
TOLERANCE GAP
SPLINE CONNECTION
Foundation
COLUMN TO PANEL CONNECTION TYPICAL GRIDS
10 - 14 ft (3 - 4.5 m)
Typically, columns arrive on-site prefabricated with the steel are commonly used in the construction of Post and The figure to the right shows the typical grid sizes used for Post
connectors already in place. These columns can then be Platform systems. and Platform mass timber building systems. The optimal grid
8 - 10 ft (2.4 - 3 m)
erected allowing the CrossLam® CLT panels to immediately The column-to-column connection also incorporates the CLT sizes for this type of system are 7'10.5" and 9'10.5" (2.4 m-3 m)
be installed above, quickly creating a working surface for bearing connection and must be checked for punching shear wide since this maximizes the utilization of CrossLam® CLT by
subsequent floors. The figure below shows typical CrossLam® on the CLT panel, which tends to be a governing value in this reducing material costs and waste. Other sizes can be used;
CLT to GlulamPLUS® column connections that type of connection. however, they may result in significant cost increases due to
high waste. Due to the nature of pressing CrossLam® CLT, the
maximum length of panel that can be pressed is 40' (12.19 m)
THREADED ROD and the maximum width that can be pressed is 7'10.5" (2.4 m) FPO
THROUGH BOLTS
and 9'10.5" (3 m). This results in grid layouts that are ideal for NEED IMAGE
hotels, micro-condos or student housing.
Typical Post and Platform System Grids
KNIFE PLATE
BEARING SURFACE
CLT PANEL TO
COLUMN THREADED ROD
CONNECTIONS
Carbon 12, Portland, OR, USA First Tech Credit Union, Hillsboro, OR, USA
Benefits ARCHITECTURAL VALUE AND FLEXIBILITY

Due to the nature of the system, it is simple to expose
The Post-Beam-Panel mass timber structural the bones of the mass timber structure, providing high
Post-Beam-Panel System systems are often used for office, commercial architectural value to the building. If it is desired to expose
the GlulamPLUS® beams and/or CrossLam® CLT ceiling, MEP
or residential applications. This type of equipment is typically installed in the floor buildup of the
panels rather than the ceiling side.
construction method shows benefits in many
POST-BEAM-PANEL SYSTEM SYSTEM COMPOSITION areas including the following:
The Post-Beam-Panel system is another common type of This system is made up of the following components:
mass timber structural system composed of CrossLam® CLT • GlulamPLUS® beams EASE AND SPEED OF
floor panels resting directly above GlulamPLUS® beams and
• GlulamPLUS® columns CONSTRUCTION GlulamPLUS® Beams
columns. The beams and columns form the load-bearing
structure of the building upon which the panels can be placed, Much like the Post and Platform
• CrossLam® CLT panels
effectively forming a platform for construction on subsequent system, this system leads to a
• Steel connectors (plates, screws, etc.) GlulamPLUS® Columns
floors. This system has been used effectively in several types relatively simple construction,
of buildings including multi-story residential buildings, office helping to accelerate the erection
All are prefabricated to provide the highest degree of accuracy
buildings, industrial buildings and large assembly halls, and of the building. Depending on
and to simplify and accelerate construction on-site.
its principles can be used in both hybrid material and full the connection system used, CrossLam® CLT Panels
timber-based structures. prefabrication can drastically
help simplify construction and meet
precise tolerance requirements.
Commonly used connections are
discussed in further detail on
page 52. Steel Connectors
Foundation
STRAIGHTFORWARD AND DEPENDABLE The use of augmented grids can create amazing structural
STRUCTURAL DESIGN efficiencies. An example would be a 30" (9.1 m) primary
beam span in the Y direction and 15' (4.5 m) bay spacing in
An additional benefit to this system is that the panels are
the X direction. Located on exterior bays of the building, this
required only to span in one direction, thus drastically
produces a large functional space.
simplifying the design of the structure. The beams also provide
extra support to the panels, allowing thinner panels to span
farther. It is beneficial to allow panels to span over several
grids because it increases the stiffness of the panels, thus
reducing vibration and deflection concerns.
COST EFFICIENCY
Material costs can be substantially reduced by using thinner
panels in conjunction with the beams in the system. Also,
simple pre-engineered or custom steel connectors can be used
for the GlulamPLUS® beams and columns, which can help to
simplify construction on-site, thus reducing installation time
on-site. By accelerating the construction process, costs can be
reduced dramatically.
Installation of beam using concealed pre-engineered

beam connectors
Connections
BEAM TO COLUMN CONNECTIONS
There are several types of beam to column connections, which
can be used in the design of Post-Beam-Panel systems including
pre-engineered connectors and custom steel systems.
PRE-ENGINEERED CONNECTORS
Hybrid Light-Wood Frame
Pre-engineered connectors are often preferred systems
because they are typically time-saving for installation, as the
connections can be factory installed and are simple to design
using design tables or standardized values. There are different This system is a hybrid between typical light-
types of beam hangers such as concealed beam hangers,
which help to achieve high fire-rating requirements and meet wood frame and mass timber construction.
rotational compatibility during seismic and wind events. Typically, only the shear walls and horizontal
Concealed pre-engineered beam to column connectors structure (floor and roof) are constructed
CUSTOM STEEL
using CrossLam® CLT while the rest of the
In certain applications, where pre-engineered connectors may
not be feasible, custom steel connections are typically used. 20 - 30 ft (6.1 - 9.1 m)
structure is made up of typical light-wood frame
Custom steel connections are often required when there are construction principles. This is typically used for
common shapes and geometries. These types of connections
may require more in-depth design and are less predictable residential structures.
than tested, pre-engineered connections.
20 - 30 ft (6.1 - 9.1 m)
SYSTEM COMPOSITION
TYPICAL GRIDS The Hybrid Light-Wood Frame system is made up of the
The figure to the right shows typical grid sizes used for Post- following components:
Beam-Panel mass timber building systems. Due to the nature of
pressing CrossLam® CLT, the maximum length of panel, which • Light-wood frame walls
can be pressed is 40' (12.19 m) and the maximum width that can • CrossLam® CLT floor/roof panels
be pressed is 7'10.5" (2.4 m) and 9'10.5" (3 m). • GlulamPLUS® beams as required
Typical Post-Beam-Panel System Grids
1 52
1 52 30
30
2
105 V Floor panel TYP. 105 V Floor panel TYP.
Benefits 2
2
Designed Tolerance Gap
Sample Connections
Designed Tolerance Gap for Assembly
The Hybrid Light-Wood Frame system shows
2 for Assembly
ACOUSTIC AND FIRE PERFORMANCE
Stud bearing connection nails to be applied similar to detail 5 or detail 8 as applicable Mass timber connections in hybrid panel configurations on light frame or steel frame are easier than you think, and are generally
superiority over conventional light-wood frame
Stud bearing connection nails to be applied similar to detail 5 or detail 8 as applicable
CrossLam® CLT has been proven to perform exemplary in fire comprised of self-tapping screws or nailed connections to other structural elements.
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performance to be improved compared to conventional

Detail applies when two ends of panels butt together Combined with Dconstruction
02 - spline if at least one edgdue e is parallto el to the material properties of CrossLam® CLT. Detail 2, or Detail 5 as applicable
Combined with D02 -EASE
spline if at least oAND
ne edge is paraSPEED
llel to OF CONSTRUCTION
8X120 ASSY VG CSK @45 DEG. 300 O/C panel face lamellas ASSY ECO 8X200 @15 DEG. 400 O.C. Detail 2, or Detail 5 as applicable
panel face lamellas ASSY ECO 8X200 @15 DEG. 400 O.C. Continuous solid CrossLam® CLT helps increase performance in A SS Y E CO 8 x1 60 @ 300 O . C. ASSY ECO 8X160 @300 O.C.
ASSY ECO 8x160 @300 O.C. STAGG ASSERY ECO 8X160 @300 O.C.
By using a hybrid light-wood frame TOTALsystem in your
SCREWS NEEDED = 20 building, the both fire and acoustical 61 applications.STAGGER See pages 57-59 to learn
LIGHT SCREW INDICATES STAGGERED PATTERN
8X120 ASSY VG CSK @45 DEG. 300 O/C
ASSY ECO 8X
LIGHT SCREW INDICATES STAGGERED PATTERN ASSY ECO 8X160 @300 O.C.
ease and speed 6of 1 construction can be improved drastically
more about the benefits of mass timber with respect to both 8X120 ASSY VG CSK @45 DEG. 300 O/C
4 5. 0 °
compared to a conventional 4 5. 0 ° 2 light-wood frame building system. acoustic and fire performance principles. 4 5. 0 °
This is due to the nature of the installation of CrossLam® CLT.
CrossLam® CLT can be easily installed, typically using a
crane, and reduces time spent on installing joists and other STRAIGHTFORWARD AND DEPENDABLE
components. This quickly allows access to subsequent floors STRUCTURAL DESIGN
0.141"X3" NAILS @6" O/C NAILS BY OTHERS TYP. 3" COMMON NAILS @200 O.C.
for further construction to begin, ultimately accelerating the By using the Hybrid Light-Wood Frame construction system, 3" COMMON NAILS @200 O.C. BY OTHERS TYP.
3" COM
3" COMMON NAILS @200 O.C. BY OTH
total construction schedule of your building. Experienced the building performance is improved drastically compared
BY OTHERS TYP.
BY OTHERS TYP.
crews typically install more than 15,000 square feet of to typical light-wood frame construction. The CrossLam® CLT
CrossLam® floor system per day.
Butt joint connection replaced with Spline when applicable, see detail 2
helps to improve the robustness of the building, ultimately Butt joint connection replaced with Spline when applicable, see detail 2
F0 5 Fgvcln 5 - Scpgn vr Scpgn Cdrxg Dgctlpi acnn - Ugevlrp Ylgy leading
F06 Fgvto cln 6an- Simprovement
cpgn vr Scpgn Cdrin
xg Dlateral
gco- Ug(seismic
evlrp Ylgyand wind) and Butt joint connection replaced with Spline when applicable, see detail 2
F08 Fgvcln 8 - Scpgn Cdrxg Ftrssgf Dgco - Ugevlrp Ylgy F09 Fgvcln 9 - EOV Dwvv Frwdng Dgctlpi acnn - Ugevlrp Ylgy F0A Fgvcln A - Scpgn Cdrxg Frwdng Dgctlpi acn
- F06 Fgvcln 6 - Scpgn vr Scpgn Cdrxg Dgco- Ugevlrp Ylgy n 8 - Scpgndesign
F0U8O4 Fgvclloading trssgf Dgco - UgeDesign
Cdrxg Fperformance. vlrp Ylgyprocesses are UO4 Fgvcln 9 - EOV Dwvv Frwdng DgctlPlatform pi acnn - Ugframe evlrp Ylglight
y frame wall to floor toFU0Awall
O4 FVrgconnection
csslnnlgAf y-kgS
dvg c tgcerppfglvlnrpCgzd u, VxbSg. Frwdng Dgctlpi acnn - Ugevlrp Ylgy
luvr -
vertical F09 Vr dg cssnlgf ykgtg erpflvlrp gzluvu, VbS.
MEP INSTALLATION
U O4 U O4 UO4 Vr dg cssnlgf ykgtg erpflvlrp gzluvu, VbS. - Vr dg cssnlgf ykgtg erpflvlrp gzluvu, VbS.
simple when slab edge plans are provided and bearing points 139
Due to the buildup of139light-wood frame systems, most of the are clearly identified. 139
MEP infrastructure can be installed within the wall assembly.
This is ideal for contractors and designers who are less familiar RP 31"OX
ASSY ECO 8X160 @0.4100
1/2" PLYWOOD SPLINE SUPPLIED BY SMTC
with mass Upper levetimber
l core construction because conventional practices COST EFFICIENCY RP ASSY ECO 8X160 @400 O.C.
2 MM TOLLERANCE EACH SIDE
45 DEG. EACHSIDEBY OTH
TYP PANEL TO PANEL TOLERANCE 45 DEG. EACHSIDE
can be used. MEP penetrations coordinated ASSY ECO 8X160 @400 O.Cvia
. 3D model can Due to the extra robustness and improved performance of TO
1 52
also
TIGHT FIT VERTI CALbe cut
BEARING in Structurlam's factory, if desired, and the relevant
45 DEG. EACH SIDE
light-wood frame construction using mass timber elements,
TOTAL SCREWS NEEDED = 96
30
8X
ASSY ECO 8X1808X@160
300AOSS.CY. VG CSK
information is supplied in time.
2
overall lifespan is expected to be improved, therefore reducing ASSY ECO 8X180 @300 O.C. TYP. ROOF PANEL TO CORE 105 V Floor panel TYP.
TYP. ROOF PANEL TO CORE 105 V Floor panel TYP.
long-term maintenance costs. Also, due to the ability to expose EC
55
mass timber, this system can be a key selling feature for EC 105 V Floor panel TYP. ASSY ECO 8X110605 V@Fl300
oorO
ASSY ECO 8X160 @300 O.C.
Lower level core building occupants and create greener, healthier living spaces.
TOTAL SCREWS NEEDED = 82
Installation time is reduced with a completely prefabricated 2 Designed Tolerance Gap
product in comparison to traditional light framing methods. 2 for Assembly
Stud bearing connection nails to be applied similar to detail 5 or detail 8 as a
F10 Fgvcln 10 - Ertg acnn vr Ertg acnn - Ugevlrp Ylgy F11 Fgvcln 11 - Cpingf Trrh EOV rp Dgco - Ugevlrp Ylgy F12 Fgvcln 12 - GE acnn vr Sgts GE acnn - Sncp Ylgy F01F13 FgF vcglvnc1ln-1S3c-pTgrr n vrh SSccppggnn VvrrnGgntgcxpcevgrt- ESrnctpg Ylgy FF1402 FFggvcvclnln124 -- SGcEpa
gn cvnnr vSrcEprgnpUvlspnwlprgwNurHlpnrr
v -tUgev
w sgpvaccinlgn a1nd3st-aggTerr
UO4 F13 ScreF tionGinntgPlatform
surceppegnen trvar
r to ehnS grtainErtg frame
o xedcgevr CLT wall to floor to wall connection
ge fgv-clnCpingf Trrh EOV rp Dgco - Ugevlrp Ylgy
GRvTcvrlnus11 ge2fgv-clnGE acnn vr Sgts GE acnn - Sncp Ylgy
GRvTcvrlnus1 U O4 cpg-n vrGSE
U O 4 Fg
F11 F1U2O4 Fg F14 - FgUvvccpflcntf1S4 n vrngctcnnpegvhr
cpga rt cEnn krrtpl�rvplvp
cn hwnrrrt uwncudu VHbnSrr
. t UOU4O3 Uvcpfctf Scpgn vr Scpgn vrngtcpeg hrt cnn krtl�rpvcn hnrrt uncdu VbS.
UO4 GRT vr usge fgvcln UO4 Screw spacing and stagger to ensure penetration into edge grain U O4 U O4
89 CrossLam® CLT Panels
89
Detail applies when two ends of panels butt together Combined with D02 - spline if at least one edge is parallel to
8X120 ASSY VG CSK @45 DEG. 300 O/C panel face lamellas ASSY ECO 8
ASSY ECO 8X160 @300 O.C. ASSY ECO 8X160 @300 O.C. TOTAL SCREWS NEEDED = 20
ASSY ECO 8X160 @300 O.C. ASSY ECO 8X160 @300 O.C. 61
4 5. 0 ° 2
Light-wood Frame
3" COMMON NAILS @200 O.C. 3" COMMON NAILS @200 O.C. 0.141"X3" NAILS @6" O/C NAILS BY OTHERS TYP.
3" COMMON NAILS @200 O.C. 3" BY
COOMMTHER TYPS.@200 O.C.
ON SNAIL BY OTHERS TYP.
BY OTHERS TYP. BY OTHERS TYP.
Foundation
Butt joint connection replaced with Spline when applicable, see detail 2
14 0
140 89
89 Panel to panel diaphragm over bearing
F05connection
Fgvcln 5 - Scpgn vr Scpgn Cdrxg Dgctlpi acnn - Ugevlrp Ylgy F06 Fgvcln 6 - Scpgn vr Scpgn Cdrxg Dgco- Uge
F15 Fgvcln 15 - EOV Hnrrt vr Hnwuk Dgco - Ugevlrp Ylgy F16 Fgvcln 16 - Erpvlpwrwu Scpgn rxgt ulping dgctlpi - Ugevlrp Ylgy F18 Fgvcln 18 - Scpgn Sgtlogvgt Vgtolpcvlrp - Ugevlrp Ylgy -
F19 Fgvcln 19 F1A FgUOv4cln 19
U O4
F16 Fgvcln 16 - Erpvlpwrwu Scpgn rxgt ulping dgctlpi - Ugevlrp Ylgy F18- Fg
Appvcliesln o1ve8r a-ll bSeacripnggsntudSwgatllslo 4 lpcvlrp - Ugevlrp Ylgy
notgshvogwtn oVn gSLto F1U9O4 FAgppvclieslno1ve9r all bearing perimeter walls not shown on SL4 F1A FgUOv4cln 19 U O6
- Applies over all bearing stud walls not shown on SL4 UO4 Applies over all bearing perimeter walls not shown on SL4 U O4 U O6
139
6 3 DETAILER This drawing is the property of SMTC and cannot be used PROJECT
urlam.com
6 3 5 2 DETAILER This drawing is the property of SMTC and cannot be used PROJECT SHEET or copied without their written permission.
.com
Upper level core

UBCO The Hangar, Kelowna, BC, Canada Churchill Avenue 4-plex, Penticton, BC, Canada
Fire Design Principles
Fire resistance can be described as the ability for a material

to continue to provide structural strength and resistance to
heat or vapor transfer during a fire event. A fire resistance
rating (FRR) refers to the time that a building component can
withstand fire or heat and integrity failure. It is important to
note that requirements regarding fire safety vary depending
on building occupancy type and location; therefore, the
specific requirements must be confirmed when designing the
system. Mass timber systems can be designed using various
performance principles to meet the required criteria including Images Courtesy: Beam Craft
the following two methods:
• The Encapsulation Method

• The Char Method
Type X Gypsum Board
THE ENCAPSULATION METHOD

GlulamPLUS® Column
This method encapsulates all structural mass timber
components using Type X Gypsum Board and is the more
conservative option between the two. Each additional board
of 5/8" (16 mm) gypsum board adds approximately 30 minutes
of extra fire resistance to the timber components. This system
is designed for performance as it does not allow the mass
Encapsulation method with two-hour fire rating.
timber to char.
THE CHAR METHOD CROSS SECTION OF FIRE-EXPOSED CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER Acoustic Principles
The char method allows mass timber to be directly exposed to UNEXPOSED SURFACE
fire. Since the timber is fully exposed, extra lumber is added
during the design phase to meet the fire resistance rating (FRR). ACOUSTIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES
y
This system is designed by determining the approximate depth NA
Sound and vibration control are directly associated with the
to which the fire would penetrate and the remaining structural Db
Dchar comfort of building occupants. There are several different
strength of the member after a certain exposure time. D
types of sound including airborne sound, impact sound and
db flanking sound that must be minimized and optimized to
d char
CrossLam® CLT and GlulamPLUS® behave as mass timber and provide maximum comfort and livability within your building.
have a predictable charring rate of 1.5"/hr (0.65 mm/min). Reverberation sound affects sound quality in a room but not
Fully intact Heated Charred
The char layer, which is formed during combustion, acts as rating values.
mass timber zone zone
an insulating layer for the inner layers thus protecting the
FIRE EXPOSED SURFACE
structural members from a further loss of strength. The FRR
of CrossLam® CLT and GlulamPLUS® is dependent on several AIRBORNE SOUND (STC RATING) Impact Sound
factors including the member depth, span, applied loading Cross Section of Fire Exposed CrossLam® CLT Panel
Airborne sound is transmitted through the air such as through
and exposure. The most vulnerable components of this speech, televisions and stereo systems. These airborne waves
type of system tend to be the steel connectors due to the cause the structural components to vibrate and therefore
rapid reduction in steel’s strength at high temperatures. To transmit sound to adjacent spaces.
counteract this, it is required that all connectors be covered by IMPACT SOUND (ICC RATING)
FIRE STOPS AND SERVICE PENETRATIONS
a layer of timber or intumescent paint to protect the steel. Impact sound is a structure-borne sound, which is transmitted
A number of commercially available fire rated joint systems for Airborne Sound Mitigation:
through a direct impact on solid elements such as through the
concrete can achieve the same FT ratings when used in mass In order to mitigate the intensity of airborne sound from walls and floors of a building. Examples of impact sound in a
FRR performance is designed according to the local and NDS
timber up to 2 hours. Detailing and fire caulking needs to be being transmitted into adjacent building spaces, architectural building include footsteps, falling objects and other sounds
2015 codes. Extensive testing has been completed to allow a
applied appropriately around the fire sleeve. This allows solid outfitting can be used. Fire, thermal and acoustic insulation from your upstairs neighbors.
codified approach to cover a variety of use scenarios.
mass timber panels such as CrossLam® CLT to be a superior can typically be combined where appropriate such as for
part of your fire protection system. walls, doors and windows. Techniques to reduce airborne
Type IV Heavy Timber Construction of the 2015 IBC Chapter sound often include the use of dense materials which tend to Impact Sound Mitigation:
6: CLT is allowed in the IBC 2015 under Type IV Construction – attenuate sound waves effectively such as: To reduce the transmission of impact sound between building
602.4 Type IV construction (Heavy Timber, HT). The hourly fire areas, it is effective to install damping materials on the impact
resistance rating requirements for walls, floors and roofs are • Floor: acoustic mat floor underlays or dropped ceilings surface such as some of the following:
found in Table 601 of the IBC.
• Walls: dense wall insulation (i.e. rock mineral wool)
• Carpet flooring
Char calculation method of the 2015 NDS: The NDS • Resilient underlay beneath flooring surface
methodology uses wood-engineering-based mechanics • Suspended ceiling or raised floors
to calculate the fire resistance of wood members and is
referenced in Section 721.1 of the IBC. Effective charring rates
calculated using the NDS methodology are also included in SOUND REVERBERATION
Section 721.2 of the IBC.
Reverberation is a longer lasting and degrading sound caused
by the reflection from surfaces inside of a building. Varied
Execution of proprietary ASTM E-119 testing that is specific surface shapes such as fluting or soft absorbing surfaces
to the project assemblies: Standard Test Methods for Fire can help change the sound quality of a room and mitigate
Tests of Building Construction Materials or UL 263, Standard reverberation. This
for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials evaluate Wall assembly after testing showing the depth of charring on should not be confused
the duration for which CLT will contain a fire and maintain its the exposed side. NRC (2014) Fire Endurance of Cross-Laminated with IIC (Impact) or STC
structural integrity during exposure to fire. Timber Floor and Wall Assemblies for Tall Wood Buildings. (Sound Transmission)
ratings.
Airborne Sound
Sound Reverberation
First Tech Credit Union, Hillsboro, OR, USA Estimated Airborne (STC-rating) and Impact (IIC-rating, in brackets)
Sound Insulation of 175 V CLT with Various Floor Design Samples
GYPSUM BOARD CEILING:

2 LAYERS 1/2 in (12.7 mm) THICK TYPE X GYPSUM BOARD
CLT FLOOR 175 V

[THICKNESS: 6.90 in (175 mm),
MASS/AREA: 18.7 lb/ft 2 (91.4 kg/m2)]
BARE DIRECTLY ATTACHED TO CLT
AND ADDITIONAL ACOUSTIC
STC (IIC) 1-1/2 in (38 mm) WOOD AS HUNG CEILING ON METAL
HUNG CEILING WITH 5/8 in
DIRECTLY ATTACHED FURRING @ 24 in GRILLAGE 6 in (150 mm) BELOW
(15.9 mm) THICK TYPE X ON
(600 mm) CLT SURFACE
METAL GRILLAGE 6 in (150 mm)
UNDERNEATH
BARE 41 (25) 42 (25) 50 (36) 68 (56) 67 (55)
1-1/2 in (38 mm)

CONCRETE TOPPING ON
3/8 in (9.5 mm) CLOSED
53 (36) 53 (40) 59 (50) 76 (66) 74 (64)
CELL FOAM
1-1/2 in (38 mm)

CONCRETE TOPPING ON
1/2 in (12.7 mm) WOOD
52 (35) 53 (38) 59 (47) 76 (64) 73 (63)
FIBER BOARD
1-1/2 in (38 mm)

CONCRETE TOPPING ON
3/4 in (19 mm) RECYCLED
59 (42) 59 (46) 63 (45) 77 (61) 75 (60)
FIBER FELT
1-1/2 in (38 mm)

CONCRETE TOPPING ON
1/2 in (12.7 mm) RUBBER
53 (46) 53 (44) 59 (49) 73 (65) 70 (63)
FLOOR TOPPINGS
NUGGETS ON FOIL
FLANKING SOUND (STC AND ICC RATING) 1-1/2 in (38 mm)

CONCRETE TOPPING ON
Flanking sound occurs due to the transmission of both 5/16 in (8 mm) SHREDDED
52 (38) 52 (38) 58 (48) 76 (66) 74 (64)
airborne and impact sound or vibration through building RUBBER MAT
components into other non-intended portions of the building 1-1/2 in (38 mm)
via uninsulated and indirect sound paths. For example, flanking CONCRETE TOPPING ON
54 (44) 54 (43) 60 (51) 76 (67) 73 (65)
2/3 in (17 mm) SHREDDED
sound transmission paths include windows and doors, ducts RUBBER MAT
and shared structural building components such as floor
panels. Conventional flanking sound mitigation techniques 1-1/2 in (38 mm)
commonly see a 2-5 dB increase in field STC/ICC ratings.

CONCRETE TOPPING 49 (28) 49 (32) 56 (41) 75 (60) 74 (60)
NOT BONDED TO CLT
Flanking Sound Mitigation: 2 LAYERS 1/2 in (12 mm)

CEMENT BOARD ON
Flanking sound must be mitigated on a project-specific basis 1/2 in (12.7 mm) WOOD
48 (46) 48 (38) 54 (47) 69 (63) 68 (60)
and is minimized using sound insulation techniques such FIBER BOARD
as window placement and building component insulation 1-1/2 in (38 mm)

developed during the design stage. A certain degree of GYPSUM CONCRETE ON
3/8 in (9.5 mm) CLOSED
50 (41) 50 (41) 58 (49) 72 (63) 73 (63)
flanking sound can typically not be avoided; however, it can be CELL FOAM
minimized through:
Direct Path (red arrow) vs. Flanking Path (blue arrows)
• Design of less direct (i.e., longer and more complex) on floor surface Notes:
sound transmission paths 1. For all hung gypsum board ceilings: Cavity between furring and above hung ceiling filled with glass fiber batts (thickness 38 mm
• Prioritization of discontinuity between units and building for furring and 5-1/2 in (140 mm) for hung ceiling).
elements (i.e., avoid using one panel for more than one
living unit without adding acoustic barriers) 2. White cells are measured STC ratings.
• The buildup of multiple layers in the structural component 3. Blue cells are the predicted STC ratings from measured TL of bare element and measured TL improvement due to adding
cross-section extra layers.
• Sound encapsulation techniques to remove direct Source:
structural paths (i.e., dropped ceilings)
Acoustics: Sound insulation in mid-rise wood buildings (Report to Research Consortium for wood and wood-hybrid mid-rise
buildings); Schoenwald, S.; Zeitler, B.; King, F.; Sabourin, I.
Structurlam Project Execution
Our team of design and manufacturing specialists at Structurlam take pride in all their projects from
preliminary consultation and design through to the manufacturing, shipment and installation of our
products. We understand the many challenges of design and construction and make it our primary
goal to ensure that all processes run as smoothly as possible.
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
AND SERVICE OPTIONS SCHEDULE PROCESS:
Structurlam offers design and fabrication services at a variety 1 3D Geometry Modelling

of levels in order to ensure that our customers’ needs and
preferences are met to the highest standard. If engineering 2 [Optional] 2D Geometry Approval drawings
services are required, Structurlam can provide specialty
structural engineering services through well-respected, Issued for Fabrication (IFF) Steel model required
award-winning engineering firms. If such services are not 3.A
(client to provide)
required, based on decades of experience and expertise
as a high-quality engineered wood product manufacturer, 3.B 3D Connection modeling
Structurlam is able to provide input on manufacturing
optimization to improve constructability. Issued for Fabrication (IFF) MEP model required
3.C
for penetrations (client to provide)
UBC Earth Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada Offered for Approval (OFA) 2D Assembly drawings -
4
Client Review
5 3D Fabrication model completion
6 Issued for Fabrication (IFF/IFC) 2D Assembly drawings
7 IFF/IFC Production Lists and metadata
8 IFF/IFC Single Piece Shop Quality Assurance Drawings
9 CLT panel Truck Load plans
DETAILING
10 CNC Coding
As part of the Structurlam advantage, 3D modeling software is
used to virtually construct each building before it is produced. 11 Fabrication processes
This allows for the early detection of potential challenges and
problems by our qualified detailers, effectively helping to
ensure that installation on-site runs smoothly.
FABRICATION
Structurlam’s products are fabricated using cutting-edge 3D
We begin by receiving 2D architectural and structural
modeling software. Data is transferred directly to our CNC
drawings or 3D models. From there, an accurate 3D model
machines allowing precise fabrication processes to proceed.
is made including all GlulamPLUS®, CrossLam® CLT, steel
connections and associated hardware. Using these models,
shop drawings for CrossLam® CLT panels, GlulamPLUS® and
steel connectors are generated. Digital files are then sent to
our CNC machines for fabrication. Finally, our 3D model is used
Ronald McDonald House - Vancouver, BC CANADA to develop material lists for efficient purchasing of steel and
Structurlam Manufacturing
Winner of 2016 Facility, Award
Governor General’s Okanagan Falls, BC, Canada
for Architecture hardware components.
Structurlam Project Execution Installation
ON-SITE STORAGE ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS

Detailed pre-construction planning can help to ensure Load plan assembly drawings are produced using our 3D
installation of Structurlam products is easy, safe and efficient. modeling software to provide instruction for fast and efficient
Depending on the project site, we recommend that sufficient erection on-site.
space be available to:
• Prepare panels for installation REFERENCES

• Re-sort panels according to the install sequence CLT Handbook - Chapter 8, Canada, 2014.
• Apply treatments if required CLT Handbook - Chapter 9, U.S., 2013.
• Install on-site hardware if required
LIMITED STORAGE
If on-site storage space is limited to re-sort panels, Structurlam
must be notified during the shop drawing process to provide
DELIVERY, LOAD PLANNING AND HANDLING Vehicle weight and dimensions must conform to jurisdictional truckload sequencing services. In this case, CrossLam® CLT
limitations along the route of travel to site and therefore must panels are sequenced on trucks such that they can be directly
An important consideration to make when designing your
be considered during the load planning stage. lifted into place off the truck in the shortest amount of time.
mass timber building is the transportation and delivery
method of the prefabricated elements. Structurlam’s family It is important to ensure that suitable lifting equipment is
of mass timber products are typically shipped to site on flat available on-site. In order to safely transport the load, some
HANDLING/FREIGHT PROTECTION panels may be out of sequence.
deck semitrucks.
When not properly handled and protected, panels and
members are subject to surface marring and damage, water
LOAD PLANNING staining, sun damage and checking. As a result, Structurlam
takes every reasonable precaution to protect our products
Typically, the panels and members will require sorting and
during shipment by individually wrapping panels in 100
staging on-site as the exact load order will not usually follow
percent recyclable materials. The panels are strapped together
the exact installation order. If requested at the time of sale, Structurlam has seen exceptional growth in mass timber construction in recent years
in bundles of two to three pieces stacked on top of each other.
Structurlam will create load-sequencing plans as determined
These bundles are separated by dunnage and panel protection and expects these changes to continue as part of a construction paradigm shift. Mass
through the shop drawing approval process, with the sequence
on the truck for safe unloading using a forklift or crane. Please
typically following the installation order. In order to safely timber in North America has slowly shifted from high-end, boutique, award-winning
refer to the guidelines provided in our CrossLam® CLT Storage
transport the load, some panels may be out of sequence.
and Handling Guide available on our website or through our prefabricated structures to schedule-, cost- and quality-driven rectilinear office and
Using our detailed 3D modeling software, truck loading
office for more information.
diagrams are created to optimize freight and shipment to site. residential structures.
Considerations that are important during this stage include:
• Vehicle width and length Using wood as a renewable, structural material paired with advanced Industry 4.0
• Vehicle weight
manufacturing systems, we see these prefabricated and fully coordinated structures
• Allowable load that can be transported on route to site
create beautiful spaces that not only reflect the natural environment but also
• Installation sequence (this must be requested
during the shop drawing process) compete on costs and excel on schedules. Structurlam’s Mass Timber systems with
CrossLam® CLT and GlulamPLUS® will expand as market disrupters, representing a
renewed frontier for construction.
Our service and product experience is ever-evolving to be the best in the industry.
How can we help build your next project?
3D truck loading diagram
Blue Mountain Golf Clubhouse, Hunest, South Korea
Structurlam’s family of Mass Timber building products.

CrossLam® CLT: Cross-laminated timber panels used in floor, wall
and roof structures
GlulamPLUS®: Structural EWP beam and column system
Steel Connections
3D BIM Models
Contact us to learn more.

250 492 8912 or [email protected]
structurlam.com
CANADA
HEAD OFFICE TEXAS/
Structurlam Mass USA OREGON SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Timber Corporation Kris Spickler Alese Ashuckian Cory Scrivner
2176 Government St.
4120 Douglas Blvd. #306-502 1355 NW Everett St. #100 600 Congress Ave., 14th Floor
Penticton, BC
Granite Bay, CA 95746 Portland, OR 97209 Austin, TX 78701
Canada V2A 8B5
t: 250 492 8912 t: 916 797 5588 t: 503 597 9825 t: 512 539 7881
| U.S. Mass Timber Design Guide [email protected]
[email protected]
66 INTRODUCTION
03/2019 [email protected] [email protected]

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Mass Timber Design Guide

CrossLam® CLT | GlulamPLUS® | Mass Timber Building Systems

Penticton Lakeside Resort, Penticton, BC, Canada

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SPF #2& Btr “J” Grade (Appearance Grade),

ALLOWABLE FIBER CHARACTERISTICS

STRESS GRADES: V2M1.1, V2.1, E1M4, E1M5

MANUFACTURING CERTIFICATION: APA PRG-320 Product Report PR-L314

DENSITY: 30.3 lbs/ft3 (shipping weight at time of manufacturing)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY: R value: 1.2 per inch (h·ft2·°F /Btu)

CO2 SEQUESTRATION: 37.4 lbs/ft³ (subject to local manufacturing and distances)

SPF J-GRADE SPF NON-VISUAL

WIDTH: 1/8" (3 mm) of the CLT width

LENGTH: 1/4" (6 mm) of the CLT length

DOUGLAS FIR SPF NON-VISUAL

Carbon 12, Portland, OR, USA

Spandrel Panel Orientation

No side pressure available and visual application not recommended.

Table 2 - CrossLam CLT Allowable Design Capacities (1) ®

FLOOR LIVE LOAD (psf)

Duke University, Durham, NC , USA

FLOOR LIVE LOAD (psf)

CROSSLAM® 40 50 75 100 150

175 V 19.39a 17.35a 15.83a 13.71a

125% NON-SNOW PR (kips) L (ft)

175 V 28.56 25.89 24.16 22.81 21.23 28.56 25.89

245 E MAXIMUM VALUE IS 20 FT

CrossLam® CLT Connection Details - Floor to Roof Panel Joints

ASSEMBLY TOLERANCE GAP

BUTT JOINT CONNECTION

HALF LAP CONNECTION

FLOOR LEDGER CONNECTION CLT WALL AND FLOOR CONNECTION

ANGLED ROOF TO WALL

NAIL CLIP & SPIRAL

PARTIALLY THREADED FULLY THREADED

CLT TO CONCRETE WALLS

EWP SILL LEVELLING PLATE

WHERE IS CLT REFERENCED IN THE WHAT IS THE INSULATION VALUE

CAN CLT BE USED IN SHEAR WALL CAN WE DO OUR OWN

MANUFACTURING/FIBER AVAILABLE SIZES

2x4 3 1/8 79 3 1/8 76 Note: Industrial-sized members are

2x18 SL 16 406 15 7/8 403

LAMINA THICKNESS TANGENT ENDS MINIMUM CURVED END MINIMUM INDUSTRIAL

* SOURCE ANSI 190.1

BEAM CAMBER PARAMETERS

R = Radius of curvature (ft.) = Camber (in.)

Telus Gardens, Vancouver, BC, Canada

36 GLULAMPLUS® | U.S. Mass Timber Design Guide UBC

CrossLam® CLT Installation

• Prepare panels or GlulamPLUS® system for installation

CONCRETE VIBRATION STRUCTURAL STRENGTH AND STABILITY

Indicates CrossLam® CLT thickness advantage ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY