Republic of the Philippines

President Ramon Magsaysay State University

San Marcelino, Zambales, Philippines
LABORATORY HIGH SCHOOL

Learning Module
MATH 10
(2nd Quarter)

_______________________
Name of Learner

Kenn Lesley M. Gagasa

Instructor

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 MODULE 4: Circles
Lesson Schedule

LESSON Periods Schedule

1 Definition of Circles 2 January 7-8
Lines related to circles
2 Arcs and central angles 3 January 11-13
Theorems on Central Angles, Arcs
and Chords
3 Sector and Segment of a circle 2 January 14-15
4 Arcs and Inscribed Angles 4 January 18-21
Theorems on Inscribed Angles
5 Tangents and Secants 3 January 22, 25-6
Theorems on Angles formed by
tangent and Secants
6 Tangent and Secant Segment 3 January 27-29
Theorems on two Intersecting chords
Theorems on Secant Segments,
Tangent Segments and External
Secant Segments
Reflective Journal

Module Map (DepEd, 2015)

2
LESSON 4.1 Circles

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. Describe a chord, a secant, a tangent, an arc and an angle.

2. Illustrate a chord, a secant, a tangent, an arc and an angle.

Learning Activity
Circles are found everywhere.

Definition of a circle
A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed point in the
plane.

Terms Related to a Circle

1. The fixed point in the plane is the center of the circle and the fixed distance is
the radius.
2. Radius is a segment that joins the center of the circle to a point on the circle.
3. A chord is a segment whose endpoints are any two points on the circle.
4. A diameter is a chord which passes through the center of a circle. It is twice the
length of the radius.
5. A secant is a line that contains a chord.
6. A tangent to a circle is a line, a ray, or a segment in the plane of a circle that
intersects the circle at exactly one point. This point is called the point of
tangency.
7. A central angle is an angle formed by two radii of a circle with its vertex in the
center of the circle.
8. An inscribed angle is an angle whose vertex is on the circle and whose sides
are chords of the circle.
9. An arc is a portion of a circle.
10. If it is half a circle, it is called a semicircle.
11. If an arc is less than half a circle, it is called a minor arc.
12. If an arc is more than a half a circle, it is called a major arc.
3
 The name of the circle is Circle C.
 The point C is the center of the circle.
 The line segment AB or ̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝐵 is the diameter.
 The line segments 𝐶𝐷̅̅̅̅, 𝐴𝐶
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐶𝐵̅̅̅̅ are the radii of the circle. (Radii - plural form
of radius.)
 The line segment DE or 𝐷𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ is the chord.
 ⃡ is the secant.
The line DE or 𝐷𝐸
 The line FG or ⃡𝐹𝐺 is the tangent.
 The point F is the point of tangency.
 The arc AD or 𝐴𝐷̂ is an example of minor arc.
 ̂ is an example of major arc.
The arc ABD or 𝐴𝐵𝐷
 The angle ACD or ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 is the central angle of the circle.
 The angle CDE or ∠𝐶𝐷E is the inscribed angle of the circle.

4
Name: ___________________________Date: ______________ Score: ____________
Learning Task
Indicate whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE.
1. All radii of a circle is congruent. ___________
2. A radius is a chord of a circle. ___________
3. A line may intersect a circle at exactly one point. ___________
4. A circle and a line may have three points in common. ___________
5. Every chord of a circle contains two points of the circle. ___________
6. A chord is not a diameter. ___________
7. A secant contains a chord. ___________
8. A tangent pass through the center of the circle. ___________
9. A tangent to a circle intersects a radius. ___________
10. All radii have the same measure. ___________

Identify the terms related to circle.

1. A - ___________________
2. K - ___________________ J
3. ̅̅̅̅ - ___________________
𝐴𝑁 N
4. ̅̅̅ - ___________________
𝐽𝐸
5. ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑁 - ___________________ K
A
6. ⃡𝑁𝐸 - ___________________
C
7. ⃡𝐾𝐶 - ___________________
̂ - ___________________
8. 𝐽𝑁𝐸 E
̂ - ___________________
9. 𝐾𝐸𝑁
̂ - ___________________
10. 𝐽𝐾
11. ∠𝐽𝐸𝐾 - ___________________
12. ∠𝑁𝐴𝐽 - ___________________

Draw or paste a picture that represents circle in real life.

5
LESSON 4.2 Theorems on Arcs and Central Angles

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to :

1. Describe the relationship of central angle and intercepted arc

2. Determine the degree measure of the minor arc, major arc and semicircle.

Learning Activity

The Central Angle

A central angle separates a circle into arcs.

The central angle is ∠𝐻𝐽𝐼.

The minor arc is 𝐻𝐼 ̂ . The minor arc is the union of points H and I and all points of the
circle in the interior of ∠𝐻𝐽𝐼.
̂ . Notice that the major arc is named using three capital letters.
The major arc is 𝐻𝐾𝐼

Degree Measure of the Arc

The degree measure of a minor arc is the degree measure of its central angle.
The degree measure of a major arc is 360° minus the degree measure of the
minor arc.
The degree measure of a circle is 360°, that of a semicircle is 180°.

6
Example

The measure of angle OMP or m∠𝑂𝑀𝑃=90°.

Determine the measure of the following
1.) m∠𝑃𝑀𝑁 = 90°
Why is it 90 degrees? Since line segment ON is a diameter, we can say that the
measure of the angle PMN is 180 minus the measure of the angle OMP.
̂ = 90°
2.) m𝑂𝑃
Why is the minor arc equal to 90 degrees? It is because the minor arc is intercepted by
the angle OMP. Since the measure of angle OMP is 90°, the measure of intercepted
̂ has a measure of 90°.
arc 𝑂𝑃
̂ = 180°
3.) m𝑂𝑁
Why is it 180 degrees? It is because this arc is a semicircle.
̂ = 270°
4.) m𝑂𝑁𝑃
Why is it 270 degrees? There are two ways:
The measure of a circle minus the measure of the minor arc OP
360°- 90° = 270°
The measure of arc ON plus the measure of arc NP
180° + 90° = 270°

Sum of Central Angles

The sum of the measures of the central angles of a circle with no common
interior points is 360 degrees.

7
Name: ___________________________Date: ______________ Score: ____________
Learning Task

In the figure identify the following:

1.) ∠𝑅𝑉𝑇 ______________
̅̅̅̅̅
2.) 𝑅𝑊 ______________
3.) ̅̅̅̅
𝑉𝑅 ______________
̂
4.) 𝑆𝑇 ______________
̂
5.) 𝑅𝑊𝑇 ______________

̂ = 50° what is the measure of the following:

If m∠𝑆𝑉𝑇 = 60° and m𝑇𝑊
̂=
1.) m𝑆𝑇 ________
̂ =
2.) m𝑅𝑊 ________
3.) m∠𝑇𝑉𝑊 = ________
̂=
4.) m𝑆𝑅𝑇 ________
5.) m∠𝑆𝑉𝑅 = ________

Real-world Application. Use a separate bond paper A4 and attach herewith.

Make a circle graph showing the monthly expenses of your family. Ask your parents
about your family income and expenses. Make sure you apply your knowledge of
central angle of a circle in preparing the graph. The measure of the angles should be
accurate. Use a protractor.
Refer to next page for a sample of the circle graph.

8
Name: ___________________________Date: ______________ Score: ____________

Soriano Family’s Monthly Expenses

Monthly Income - Php 36,000.00 - 100% - 360 degrees

Food - Php 9,000.00 - 25% - 90 degrees
Education - Php 12,000.00 - 33.33% - 120 degrees
Utilities (Electric Bill) - Php 4,500.00 - 12.5% - 45 degrees
Other expenses - Php 6,000.00 - 16.67% - 60 degrees
Savings - Php 4,500.00 - 12.5% - 45 degrees

9
LESSON 4.3 Sector and Segment of a Circle

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to :

1. Describe a sector and segment of a circle

2. Determine the measure of the sector and segment of a circle

Learning Activity
A sector of a circle is the region bounded by an arc of the
circle and the two radii to the endpoints of the arc.
A segment of a circle is the region bounded by an arc and
the segment joining its endpoints.

To find the area of a sector of a circle, get the product of the ratio
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑐
360
and the area of the circle.

EXAMPLE:
To find the area of the sector LES:
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑐 90 1
= =
360 360 4
Area of the circle = 𝜋𝑟 2
= 𝜋(10 𝑐𝑚)2
= 100𝜋𝑐𝑚2
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑐
Area of a sector = (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒)
360

1
= (100𝜋𝑐𝑚2 )
4

= 25𝜋 𝑐𝑚2
To find the area a segment of circle, subtract the area of the triangle from the
area of the sector.

10
EXAMPLE:
To find the area of the shaded segment of the
circle:
1
Area of the triangle = 2 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

1
= (10𝑐𝑚)(10𝑐𝑚)
2
= 50 𝑐𝑚2
Area of the segment = area of sector – area of the
triangle
Area of the segment = 25𝜋 𝑐𝑚2 –50 𝑐𝑚2
It is approximately 28.54 square centimeters.

Learning Task
Find the area of the shaded region of each circle.

11
LESSON 4.4 Theorems on Arcs and Inscribed Angles

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. Describe the relationship of inscribed angle and intercepted arc

2. State the theorems on arcs and inscribed angles

Learning Activity
An inscribed angle is an angle whose vertex is on a circle and whose sides contain
chords of the circle.
The arc that lies in the interior of an inscribed angle and has endpoints on the angle is
called the intercepted arc of the angle.

Inscribed Angle Theorem

The measure of an inscribed angle is half the measure of its intercepted arc.

The angle XYZ or ∠𝑋𝑌𝑍 is called an inscribed angle

because the vertex Y is on the circle and the sides of the
angle are chords of the circle.
̂ and is inscribed in 𝑋𝑌𝑍
The ∠𝑋𝑌𝑍 intercepts 𝑋𝑍 ̂.

̂ = 150°, what is the measure of its

Case 1: If measure of the intercepted arc 𝑋𝑍
inscribed angle ∠𝑋𝑌𝑍?
The measure of ∠𝑋𝑌𝑍 is half of its intercepted arc. The half of 150 is 75.
1
̂)
m∠𝑋𝑌𝑍 = 2 (𝑚𝑋𝑍
1
m∠𝑋𝑌𝑍 = 2 (150)

m∠𝑋𝑌𝑍 = 75°

12
 ̂ and is inscribed in
The angle DTA or ∠𝐷𝑇𝐴 intercepts 𝐴𝐷
̂.
𝐷𝑇𝐴
Case #2. If 𝑚∠𝐷𝑇𝐴 = 63°, find the measure of the intercepted
arc.

The intercepted arc is twice the measure of the inscribed angle.

̂ = 2 (𝑚∠𝐷𝑇𝐴)
m𝐴𝐷
̂ = 2 (63)
m𝐴𝐷
̂ = 126°
m𝐴𝐷

The following corollaries resulted from the Inscribed Angle Theorem. We will just
state them without proof.
 Inscribed angles that intercept the same arc or equal arcs are equal.
 An angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle.
 If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then it’s opposite angles are
supplementary.
 If two arcs of a circle are included between parallel segments, then the
arcs are congruent.

Name: ___________________________Date: ______________ Score: ____________

Learning Task
What is the intercepted arc of the following inscribed
angles?

1.) ∠𝑉𝐸𝑆
2.) ∠𝐴𝐸𝑉
3.) ∠𝑆𝐴𝐸
4.) ∠𝐴𝑉𝐸
5.) ∠𝐸𝑆𝐴

Answer the following:

6.) If the measure of ∠𝑉𝐴𝐸 is 74°, what is the measure of 𝐸𝑉 ̂ ? ______________

̂ ? ________________
7.) If the measure of ∠𝑆𝐸𝐴 is 33°, what is the measure of 𝑆𝐴
̂ is a semicircle, what is the measure of ∠𝐴𝑉𝐸? ____________________
8.) If 𝐸𝐴
̂ ? ___________________
9.) If ∠𝐴𝑆𝐸 is a right angle, what is the measure of 𝐸𝑉𝐴
13
 ̂ ? ______________________
10.) If 𝑚∠𝑆𝐴𝑉 = 145°, what is the measure of 𝑉𝐸𝑆
Problem Solving: PHOTOGRAPH (Adapted from PEAC and DepEd, 2015)
You are a professional photographer. Your camera has a 90 field of vision and you
want to photograph the front of a statue. You move to a spot where the statue is the
only thing captured in your picture, as shown. You want to change your position.
Where else can you stand so that the statue is perfectly framed?

14
LESSON 4.5 Theorems on Tangent and Secants

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to :
1. State the theorems on angles formed by tangents and secants
2. Determine the measure of the angle formed by tangents and secants

Learning Activity
A tangent to a circle is a line coplanar with the circle and intersects it in one and
only one point. The point of intersection of the line and the circle is called the point
of tangency.

Postulate on Tangent Line

At a given point on a circle, one and only one line can be drawn that is tangent to
the circle.

In the figure, there is one and only one line can be

drawn through F that is tangent to the circle.

Theorems on Tangent line

1.) If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is perpendicular to the radius
drawn to the point of tangency.
2.) If a line is perpendicular to a radius of a circle at its endpoint that is on
the circle, then the line is tangent to the circle.

If 𝑍𝐿
⃡ is tangent to Circle E, then its perpendicular
to radius ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐴 drawn through point A.

If 𝑍𝐿
⃡ is perpendicular to radius ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐴 at A, then it is
tangent to Circle E.

15
The chain and gears of bicycles or motorcycles or belt around two pulleys are some
real-life illustrations of tangents and circles (DepEd, 2015).

A secant to a circle is a line which intersects the circle at two distinct points.
The picture below shows a bridge in the form of an arc. It also shows how secant is
illustrated in real life (DepEd, 2015).

Theorems on Angle formed by Tangents and Secants

The measure of an angle formed by two secants intersecting on the circle

equals one half the measure of the intercepted arc.

If m∠𝑇𝑅𝑌 = 76°, what is the measure of

minor arc TY? what is the measure of
major arc TRY?
m𝑇𝑌
̂ = 2 (𝑚∠𝑇𝑅𝑌)

m𝑇𝑌
̂ = 2 (56)

m𝑇𝑌
̂ = 112°

The measure of arc TRY is 360 minus the

measure of the minor arc TY.
Since arc TY is 152°, the measure of arc TRY is 360 – 112 = 248°

16
 If a secant and a tangent intersect at the point of tangency, then the measure
of each angle formed is one-half the measures of its intercepted arc.

In the figure, ⃡𝐿𝐴 is a secant and ⃡𝐸𝐷 is a

tangent.
̂ is the intercepted arc of ∠𝐸𝐴𝐿
𝐴𝐿
1
If 𝑚𝐴𝐿
̂ = 170, then 𝑚∠𝐸𝐴𝐿 = (170) = 85
2

̂ is the intercepted arc of ∠𝐿𝐴𝐷

𝐴𝑆𝐿
1
If 𝑚𝐴𝑆𝐿
̂ = 190, then 𝑚∠𝐿𝐴𝐷 = (190) = 95
2

If two secants intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the
angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.

The measure of an angle formed by two secants intersecting outside a circle equals
one-half the absolute value of the difference of the measures of the intercepted arcs.

If the measure of arc 𝐺𝐸

̂ = 170° and 𝑅𝐶
̂ = 25°.
What is the measure of ∠𝐸𝐴𝐺?
1
m∠𝐸𝐴𝐺 = 2 (170 − 25)
1
m∠𝐸𝐴𝐺 = 2 (145)

m∠𝐸𝐴𝐺 = 72.5°

If a secant and a tangent intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the

measure of the angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measure
of the intercepted arcs.

17
 In this figure, line WO is a tangent and line
DO is a secant intersecting outside the circle
at point O. The two intercepted arcs of ∠𝑊𝑂𝐷
are 𝑊𝐷
̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑊𝑅 ̂.

Example: 𝑚𝑊𝐷
̂ = 110 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑊𝑅
̂ = 36.
1
𝑚∠𝑊𝑂𝐷 = ̂ − 𝑚𝑊𝑅
(𝑚𝑊𝐷 ̂)
2
1
= 2 (110 − 36)
1
= 2 (74)

𝑚∠𝑊𝑂𝐷 = 37 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠

If two tangents intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the
angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.

In the figure, 𝐶𝑅
⃡ and 𝑂𝑅⃡ are tangents intersecting
outside the circle at point R. 𝐶𝑆𝑂 ̂ are the
̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑂
intercepted arcs of ∠𝐶𝑅𝑂.

Example: 𝑚𝐶𝑆𝑂
̂ = 261

̂ = 99 since the total of the two arcs should be

𝑚𝐶𝑂
360
1
̂ − 𝑚𝐶𝑂
𝑚∠𝐶𝑅𝑂 = (𝑚𝐶𝑆𝑂 ̂)
2
1
= 2 (261 − 99)
1
= 2 (162)

𝑚∠𝐶𝑅𝑂 = 81 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠

18
 If two secants intersect in the interior of a circle, then the measure of the
angle formed is one-half the sum of the measures of the arcs intercepted by
the angle and its vertical angle.

If the measure of arc FI = 44° and arc HT =

27°. What is the measure of ∠𝐻𝐴𝑇?
1
m∠𝐻𝐴𝑇 = 2 (𝑚𝐹𝐼
̂ + 𝑚𝐻𝑇
̂)

1
m∠𝐻𝐴𝑇 = 2 (44 + 27)

m∠𝐻𝐴𝑇 = 2 (71)
m∠𝐻𝐴𝑇 = 142°

Name: ___________________________Date: ______________ Score: ____________

Learning Task (Adapted from DepEd 2015)
Use the figure and the given information to determine the measure of the unknown.

19
20
LESSON 4.6 Tangent and Secant Segment

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to :
1. State the theorems on tangent and secant segments
2. Name the secant segment and the external secant segment
3. Determine the measure of the tangent or secant segment.

Learning Activity
Theorem on two intersecting chords
If two chords of a circle intersect, then the product of the measures of the segments
of one chord is equal to the product of the measures of the segments of the other
chord.

̅̅̅
𝑰𝑺 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒔 ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑵𝑷 𝒂𝒕 𝑹.
̅̅̅̅ ∙ 𝒎𝑹𝑺
𝒎𝑰𝑹 ̅̅̅̅ = 𝒎𝑵𝑹
̅̅̅̅̅ ∙ 𝒎𝑹𝑷
̅̅̅̅

External Secant Segment

An external secant segment is the part of a secant segment that is outside a circle.

⃡𝑮𝑶 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ⃡𝒀𝑶 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔.

̅̅̅̅ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑹𝑶
𝑳𝑶 ̅̅̅̅ 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒔𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔.

21
Theorems on Secant Segments, Tangent Segments and External Secant Segments

If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an exterior point, then the product of the
lengths of one secant segment and its external secant segment is equal to the product of
the lengths of the other secant segment and its external secant segment.

̅̅̅̅
𝑩𝑳 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ̅̅̅̅
𝑽𝑳 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒔𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
̅̅̅̅ ∙ 𝒎𝑬𝑳
𝒎𝑩𝑳 ̅̅̅̅ = 𝒎𝑽𝑳
̅̅̅̅ ∙ 𝒎𝑰𝑳
̅̅̅

If a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn to a circle from an exterior point,
then the square of the length of the tangent segment is equal to the product of the lengths
of the secant segment and its external secant segment.

̅̅̅̅
𝑺𝑹 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒔𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕.
̅̅̅̅
𝑻𝑹 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒔𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕.
̅̅̅̅𝟐 = 𝒎𝑺𝑹
𝒎𝑻𝑹 ̅̅̅̅ ∙ 𝒎𝑼𝑹
̅̅̅̅

Learning Task

Name the external secant segment in each of the following figures.

1.___________________ 2. ___________________ 3. ___________________

Find the length of the unknown segment x in each of the following figures.

4.

22
5.

6.

7.

Problem Solving: GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (Adapted from PEAC & DepEd, 2015)

GPS satellites orbit about 11,000 miles above earth. The mean radius of Earth is about
3959 miles. Because GPS signals cannot travel through Earth, a satellite can transmit
signals only as far as points A and C from point B, as shown. Find BA and BC to the
nearest mile.

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 MODULE 5 : Plane Coordinate Geometry

Lesson Schedule

LESSON Periods Schedule

1 Distance Formula 3 February 1-3
2 Midpoint Formula 2 February 4-5
3 Equation and Graph of Circle 4 February 8-11
Reflective Journal

Module Map (DepEd, 2015)

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LESSON 5.1 Distance Formula

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
Determine the distance between two points in a coordinate plane.

Learning Activity
Distance Between Two Points
The distance between two points is always nonnegative. It is positive if the two
points are different and zero if the points are the same.
Determine the distance between Point A to Point B.

The coordinates of A are (2,-1) and the coordinates of B are (2, -

8).
The distance between the points is 7 units.
Since the points lie on the same vertical line, we can simply get
the absolute value of the difference of the coordinates of y.
𝑑𝐴𝐵 = |𝑦1 − 𝑦2 |
= |−1 − (−8)|
= |7|
𝑑𝐴𝐵 = 7

Determine the distance between Point C and Point D

The coordinates of C are (-4,2) and the

coordinates of D are (5, 2).
The distance between the points is 9
units.
Since the points lie on the same horizontal
line, we can simply get the absolute value
of the difference of the coordinates of x.

𝑑𝐶𝐷 = |𝑥1 − 𝑥2 |
= |−4 − (5)|
= |−9|
𝑑𝐶𝐷 = 9

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Determine the distance between the Point E and the Point F.

The coordinates of E are (1,6) and the

coordinates of D are (5, -2).

The distance can be determined using the

formula
𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
𝑑𝐸𝐹 = √(1 − 5)2 + (6 − (−2))2
𝑑𝐸𝐹 = √(−4)2 + (8)2
𝑑𝐸𝐹 = √16 + 64
𝑑𝐸𝐹 = √80
𝑑𝐸𝐹 = √16(5)
𝑑𝐸𝐹 = 4√5

Name: ___________________________Date: ______________ Score: ____________

Learning Task

The map shows the locations of different houses and landmarks. Each unit on the
coordinate plane is equivalent to 1 kilometer.

Adapted from DepEd (2015)

1.) How far is Emilio’s house (E) to the plaza (P)?

26
 2.) How far is Jose’s house (J) to the city hall (C)?

3.) How far is Diego’s house (D) to the gasoline station (G)?

4.) How far is Emilio’s house (E) to Diego’s house (D)?

5.) How far is Jose’s house (J) to the plaza (P)?

Use a graphing paper. Plot each of the following in a Cartesian Plane. Then connect
the consecutive points by a line segment to form the figure. Describe the figure.
(Adapted from DepEd, 2015). Use your knowledge of distance between two points to
describe the figure.
1.) A (6, 11), B (1, 2), C (11, 2)
2.) L (–4, 4), O (3, 9), V (8, 2), E (1, –3)
3.) D (–4, 6), A (8, 6), T (8, –2), E (–4, –2)
4.) B (1, 6), E (13, 7), A (7, –2), T (–5, –3)

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LESSON 5.2 Midpoint Formula

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to :
Determine the midpoint between two points

Learning Activity

Midpoint Formula
If 𝐿(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 )𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) are the endpoints of a segment and M is the midpoint,
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
then the coordinates of 𝑀 = ( , )
2 2

L (-3, 2)
N (0, -8)
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
𝑀=( , )
2 2

−3+0 2+(−8)
𝑀=( , )
2 2

−3 −6
𝑀=(2 , )
2

−3
𝑀 = ( 2 , −3)

Name: ___________________________Date: ______________ Score: ____________

Learning Task
Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the segment whose endpoints are given
below
1.) 𝐴(6, 8) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵(12,10)

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 2.) 𝑃(– 3, 10) and 𝑇(– 7, – 2)

3.) 𝑅(– 5, – 1) and 𝑄(−8, −6)

A study shed will be constructed midway between two school buildings. On a school
map drawn on a coordinate plane, the coordinates of the first building are (10, 30)
and the coordinates of the second building are (170, 110).
a. Why do you think the study shed will be constructed midway between the two
school buildings?

b. What are the coordinates of the point where the study shed will be constructed?

c. If each unit on the coordinate plane is equivalent to 2 m, what is the distance

between the two buildings?

How far would the study shed be from the first building? Second building? Explain
your answer.

29
LESSON 5.3 Equation and Graph of Circle

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Identify the radius and center of the circle given the equation
2. Write the equation of the circle given the radius and center
3. Draw the graph of circle given an equation or given the radius and center

Learning Activity
Equation of Circle
The distance formula is used in developing an equation for the graph of a circle

Every circle whose center is at the origin has an equation of the form
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2

Find the equation of the circle whose center is (0, 0) and whose radius is 3 units
long.
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 32
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 9

The standard equation of a circle whose center is at (h, k) and with radius r is
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2

Find the standard equation of the circle whose center is (-1, 2) and whose radius is
4 units.

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
(𝑥 − (−1))2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 42
(𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 16

30
 The general equation of a circle whose center is at (h, k) and with radius r is
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0

Find the general equation of the circle whose center is (-1, 2) and whose radius is 4
units long
(𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 16
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1) + (𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4) = 16 Get the square of the binomials
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 1 + 4 = 16 Arrange the terms according to degrees
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 5 − 16 = 0 Subtract 16 to both sides of the equation
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 9 = 0

Identifying the Center and Radius of a Circle

1.) Find the center and radius of the standard equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 64
(𝑥 − 0)2 + (𝑦 − 0)2 = 82
The center of the circle is (0, 0).
The radius of the circle is 8. It is the square root of 64.

2.) Find the center and radius of the standard equation (𝑥 − 4)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 12
The center of the circle is (4, 5).
To find the radius of the circle, we get the square root of 12.
𝑟 2 = 12
√𝑟 2 = √12
𝑟 = √4 × 3
𝑟 = 2√3
The radius of the circle is 2√3.

3.) Find the center and radius of the general equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 15 = 0

We arrange the terms according to the variables
(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + ___) + (𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + ___) =15
We complete the squares
(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9) + (𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1) = 15 + 9 + 1
6
How do we get 9? We get half of the middle term 6, then square it. (2)2 = 32 = 9
2
How did we get 1? We get half of the middle term 2, then square it. (2)2 = 12 = 1
(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9) + (𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1) = 15 + 9 + 1
(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = 25
The center of the circle is (-3, -1).
The radius of the circle is 5. It is the square root of 25.

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Application of circles, center and radius in real life situation

Source: https://www.quora.com/How-close-do-cell-phone-towers-have-to-be-between-each-other-to-complete-a-strong-signal-chain

Name: ___________________________Date: ______________ Score: ____________

Learning Task
Write the standard equation of the circle whose center and length of radius are
given.
1.) 𝐶: (0, 0) 𝑟 = 1 ____________________________
2.) 𝐶: (0, 10) 𝑟 = 13 ____________________________
3.) 𝐶: (−2, −2) 𝑟 = 2 ____________________________
4.) 𝐶: (6, −7) 𝑟 = √5 ____________________________
3
5.) 𝐶: (−3,8) 𝑟 = 4 ____________________________

Identify the center and radius of each circle whose equation is given below.
1.) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 121 center _______ radius ________
2.) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 20 center _______ radius ________
3.) (𝑥 − 9)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 36 center _______ radius ________
4.) (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦)2 = 81 center _______ radius ________
1 25
5.) (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 49 center _______ radius ________

32
Write each equation of a circle into general form
1.) (𝑥 + 5)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 100

2.) (𝑥 − 8)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 27

Write the standard from (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2 of the following general equation.
Then, Identify the center and radius.
1.) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 18 = 0

2.) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 8 = 0

GRAPH OF CIRCLE
In a graphing paper, draw 2 circles: center at the origin (0,0) and center at (h,k)
Label the center with coordinates and label the length of its radius
Write the standard form and general form of the equation of the circle

33
Problem Solving.
The Provincial Disaster and Risk Reduction Management Committee (PDRRMC)
advised the residents living within the 14 km radius critical area to evacuate due to
eminent eruption of Taal Volcano. On the map that is drawn on a coordinate plane,
the coordinates corresponding to the location of the volcano is (3, 4). (DepEd, 2015)

a. If each unit on the coordinate plane is equivalent to 1 km, what is the

equation of the circle enclosing the critical area?

b. Suppose you live at point (11, 6). Would you follow the advice of the
PDRRMC? Why?

c. In times of eminent disaster, what precautionary measures should you take

to be safe?

34