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    Carnot Engine

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    Arjan Lingaya
    The Carnot cycle is the most efficient heat engine cycle theoretically possible. It consists of two isothermal and two adiabatic processes that operate between two temperature reservoirs. The Carnot cycle establishes the maximum possible thermal efficiency for a heat engine based on the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs. The efficiency is equal to 1 - (cold temperature/hot temperature).

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    Carnot Engine

    Uploaded by

    Arjan Lingaya
    207 views24 pages
    The Carnot cycle is the most efficient heat engine cycle theoretically possible. It consists of two isothermal and two adiabatic processes that operate between two temperature reservoirs. The Carnot cycle establishes the maximum possible thermal efficiency for a heat engine based on the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs. The efficiency is equal to 1 - (cold temperature/hot temperature).

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    CARNOT ENGINE

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    The Carnot cycle is the most efficient heat engine cycle theoretically possible. It consists of two isothermal and two adiabatic processes that operate between two temperature reservoirs. The Carnot cycle establishes the maximum possible thermal efficiency for a heat engine based on the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs. The efficiency is equal to 1 - (cold temperature/hot temperature).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    207 views24 pages

    Carnot Engine

    Uploaded by

    Arjan Lingaya
    The Carnot cycle is the most efficient heat engine cycle theoretically possible. It consists of two isothermal and two adiabatic processes that operate between two temperature reservoirs. The Carnot cycle establishes the maximum possible thermal efficiency for a heat engine based on the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs. The efficiency is equal to 1 - (cold temperature/hot temperature).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 24

    CARNOT CYCLE

    The most efficient ever but Ideal


    Introduction
    • The most powerful and efficient heat cycle consisting of two
    isothermal and two adiabatic processes.
    • This actually is the idealization because in order to approach its
    efficiency the processes involved must be reversible and involves no
    change in entropy.
    • A system undergoing carnot cycle is called “carnot engine”.
    History
    • Proposed by Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot in 1824
    • He was a French Engineer
    • Founder of the Science of Thermodynamics
    • First one to recognize the relationship between work and heat
    STAGES OF CARNOT CYCLE (TSTS)
    • STEP 1 TO 2: REVERSIBLE ISOTHERMAL EXPANSION
    • A gas at temperature Th is allowed to expand slowly causing a decrease in temperature
    • Heat is transferred from the reservoir into the gas thus maintaining its temperature T h.
    • STEP 2 TO 3: REVERSIBLE ADIABATIC EXPANSION
    • The cylinder was insulated and the gas was allowed to expand slowly until its temperature
    becomes TL
    • Piston was assumed frictionless and the process was assumed quasi – equilibrium
    • STEP 3 TO 4: REVERSIBLE ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSION
    • The insulation of the cylinder and the removed and the gas was compressed causing an
    increase in temperature.
    • Heat is transferred from the gas to the sink thus maintaining the gas temperature at T L
    • STEP 4 TO 1: REVERSIBLE ADIABATIC COMPRESSION
    • The cylinder was again insulated and the gas was compressed slowly until its temperature
    returned to TH.
    P – V DIAGRAM
    T – S DIAGRAM
    Carnot Cycle Efficiency
    • In general, the thermal efficiency, of any heat engine is defined as the
    ratio of the net work it does, W, to the heat input at high
    temperature, QH.
    • 𝜂𝑡ℎ= 𝑊
    𝑄𝐻

    • 𝜂𝑡ℎ=𝑄𝐻−𝑄𝐿
    𝑄𝐻

    • 𝜂𝑚𝑎𝑥=1− 𝑇𝐿
    𝑇𝐻
    REVERSE CARNOT CYCLE
    • Reversing the Carnot cycle does reverse the directions of heat and
    work interactions.
    • A refrigerator or heat pump that operates on the reverse Carnot cycle
    is called a Carnot Refrigerator or a Carnot Heat Pump
    • The reverse Carnot cycle is the most efficient refrigeration cycle
    operating between two specified temperature levels.
    • It sets the highest theoretical COP.
    Sample Problem 1
    If heat is absorbed by the engine
    Q1 = 10,000 J, what is the work
    done by the Carnot Engine?
    Sample Problem 2

    Based on the graph, what is the


    efficiency of the Carnot Engine?
    Sample Problem 3
    Based on graph below, the heat engine’s high
    temperature is 600 K and low temperature is 400 K.
    If the work done by engine is W, what is the heat
    output?
    Sample Problem 5
    • An Carnot engine absorbs heat at high temperature 800 Kelvin and
    efficiency of the Carnot engine is 50%. What is the high temperature
    to increase efficiency to 80% if the low temperature kept constant?
    Sample Problem 6
    • An engine following the Carnot Cycle produces power at 90,000 kW.
    Find the rate at which the heat is absorbed into the system from the
    hot reservoir and leaves the system to the cold reservoir for an
    engine operating between the reservoirs at 750 K and 300 K.

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