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    Various Methods of Length Measurements: Parallax Method

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    Masihur Sk
    The document discusses three methods of length measurement: 1) Parallax method measures distance by observing the apparent shift in an object's position from different observation points. It can measure distances to planets, stars, and their diameters. 2) Sonar method uses ultrasonic waves to measure distances underwater. It is divided into active, passive, and communication categories. 3) Radar method uses radio waves to measure distances, such as to nearby planets. It calculates distance from the time delay between transmission and reception of the reflected waves.

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    Various Methods of Length Measurements: Parallax Method

    Uploaded by

    Masihur Sk
    46 views12 pages
    The document discusses three methods of length measurement: 1) Parallax method measures distance by observing the apparent shift in an object's position from different observation points. It can measure distances to planets, stars, and their diameters. 2) Sonar method uses ultrasonic waves to measure distances underwater. It is divided into active, passive, and communication categories. 3) Radar method uses radio waves to measure distances, such as to nearby planets. It calculates distance from the time delay between transmission and reception of the reflected waves.

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    Project on Physics Unit and measurements chapter

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    The document discusses three methods of length measurement: 1) Parallax method measures distance by observing the apparent shift in an object's position from different observation points. It can measure distances to planets, stars, and their diameters. 2) Sonar method uses ultrasonic waves to measure distances underwater. It is divided into active, passive, and communication categories. 3) Radar method uses radio waves to measure distances, such as to nearby planets. It calculates distance from the time delay between transmission and reception of the reflected waves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    46 views12 pages

    Various Methods of Length Measurements: Parallax Method

    Uploaded by

    Masihur Sk
    The document discusses three methods of length measurement: 1) Parallax method measures distance by observing the apparent shift in an object's position from different observation points. It can measure distances to planets, stars, and their diameters. 2) Sonar method uses ultrasonic waves to measure distances underwater. It is divided into active, passive, and communication categories. 3) Radar method uses radio waves to measure distances, such as to nearby planets. It calculates distance from the time delay between transmission and reception of the reflected waves.

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    of 12

    VARIOUS METHODS

    OF LENGTH
    MEASUREMENTS

    PARALLAX METHOD
    • SONAR METHOD
    • RADAR METHOD
    PARALLAX METHOD

     What is Parallax Method?


     How do we measure distance of moon
    or any planet using parallax method?
     How do we measure the diameter of
    moon or any planet using parallax
    method?
     How do we measure distance of a
    nearby star by parallax method?
    WHAT IS PARALLAX METHOD?

    Parallax is the apparent shift in


    the position of an object with
    respect to another when we shift
    our eye sidewise.
     The closer object always
    appears to move in the Distance between two points of observation
    direction opposite to that of is called basis.
    LR= b = basis
    our eye. AngleLOR = theta = Parallax angle or
    Parallactic angle
    HOW DO WE MEASURE DISTANCE OF MOON OR ANY PLANET
    USING PARALLAX METHOD?
     P = Planet
     AB = Observatories
     S’ = distant star whose position
    and direction can be taken
    approximately same from A and
    B
     Angle PAS’ = theta(1) measured
    from A
     Angle PBS’ = theta(2) measured
    from B
    HOW DO WE MEASURE DISTANCE OF MOON OR ANY PLANET
    USING PARALLAX METHOD?

     As b « S': we can take


    AB as an are of length b
     Now theta = Angle(APB)
    = theta(1) + theta(2) =
    Parallactic angle
     theta = Arc length /
    Radius = b / s
     s = b / theta
    HOW DO WE MEASURE THE DIAMETER OF MOON OR
    ANY PLANET USING PARALLAX METHOD?

    AB = D = diameter?
     O = observatory
     Angle(AOB) = theta =
    angle subtended by
    diameter D on O
     As theta = Arc Length /
    Radius = AB / OB = D / S
     Or D = S × theta
    HOW DO WE MEASURE DISTANCE OF A NEARBY STAR
    BY PARALLAX METHOD?
     Angle(NAF) = theta(1) = Parallax angle
    between distant star F and nearby star N
    when earth is at position A
     Angle(NBF) = theta(2) = Parallax angle
    between distant star F and nearby star N
    when earth is at position B
     Total parallax angle subtended by N on the
    earth’s orbital diameter AB is theta =
    theta(1) + theta(2)
     As theta = Arc Length / Radius = AB / D

    SONAR METHOD

     What is Sonar Method


     Classification of Sonar
    Method
    WHAT IS SONAR METHOD

    The word SONAR stands for sound Exa navigation and


    ranging. On a sonar, ultrasonic waves (sound waves
    having frequencies greater than 20,000 Hz) secc are
    transmitted through the ocean. They are reflected by
    the submerged rock or submarines and received by the
    receiver. By measuring the time delay t of the receipt of
    the echo, the distance S of the submerged rock or
    submarine can be determined as S = (v × t) / 2 where v
    is the speed of the ultrasonic waves in water
    CLASSIFICATION OF SONAR METHOD
    Sonar systems are divided into three categories and they
    are:
    Active sonar: In this system, sound waves are generated
    such that they spread out and gets reflected by the target
    object. A receiver is used for analyzing these reflected
    signals.
    Passive sonar: Here, only receivers are used so as to analyze
    the characteristics of the reflected waves.
     The last category of the sonar system is used in the
    communication system which includes a projector as well
    as a receiver.
    RADAR METHOD
    WHAT IS RADAR METHOD

    The word RADAR stands for radio detection and ranging. A radar
    can be used to measure accurately the distance of a nearby
    planet (such as Venus). Here radiowaves are sent from a
    transmitter which after reflection from the planet are detected by
    the receiver. By measuring the time interval (t) between the
    instants the radiowaves are sent and received, the distance of
    the planet can be determined as S = (c × t) / 2, where c is the
    speed of the radiowave. This method can also be used to
    determine the distance of an aeroplane.

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