nd

Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 9

Chapter 9 The Mole

Test Yourself 9.1 and 9.2 (page 139)

1. (a) 56
(b) 331
(c) 96
(d) 172
(e) 88

2. Sum of relative atomic masses of 4 N atoms

= 4 × 14
= 56

Ar of X
= 56 – 16
= 40

From the Periodic Table, X is calcium.

Quick Check (page 141)

No.

Number of moles of oxygen atoms in 0.5 mol of oxygen gas

= 2 × 0.5
= 1.0 mol

Number of oxygen atoms

23
= 1.0 × 6 × 10
23
= 6 × 10

Number of moles of iron

= 0.5 mol

Number of iron atoms

23
= 0.5 × 6 × 10
23
= 3 × 10

Test Yourself 9.3 (page 145)

1. (a) Number of moles of silicon

mass of silicon
=
molar mass of silicon
42
=
28
= 1.5 mol

(b) Number of moles of lithium

number of atoms of lithium
=
6 ! 1023
3.6 ! 1024
=
6 ! 1023
= 6 mol
© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

9.1
 nd
Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 9

(c) Number of moles of Cl2 gas

mass of Cl 2
=
molar mass of Cl 2
1.42
=
71
= 0.02 mol

(d) Number of moles of sodium chloride

number of ions of sodium chloride
=
6 ! 1023
22
6 ! 10
=
6 ! 1023
= 0.1 mol

2. (a) Number of NH3 molecules

23
= 2 × 6 × 10
24
= 1.2 × 10

Number of atoms in 2 mol of NH3

24
= 4 × 1.2 × 10
24
= 4.8 × 10

(b) Number of moles of oxygen atoms

mass of oxygen gas
=2×
molar mass of oxygen gas
32
=2×
32
= 2 mol

Number of oxygen atoms

23
= 2 × 6 × 10
24
= 1.2 × 10

(c) Number of moles of sulfur

mass of sulfur
=
molar mass of sulfur
64
=
32
= 2 mol

Number of sulfur atoms

23
= 2 × 6 × 10
24
= 1.2 × 10

© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

9.2
 nd
Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 9

(d) Number of moles of water

mass of water
=
molar mass of water
0.5
=
(2 ! 1) + 16
= 0.0278 mol

Number of molecules of water

23
= 0.0278 × 6 × 10
22
= 1.67 × 10

Number of atoms in 0.5 g of water

22
= 3 × 1.67 × 10
22
= 5.01 × 10

3. C

4. (a) Mass of oxygen gas

= number of moles of oxygen gas × molar mass of oxygen gas
= 0.25 × (2 × 16)
=8g

(b) Mass of carbon dioxide gas

= number of moles of carbon dioxide gas × molar mass of carbon dioxide gas
= 0.5 × (12 + 2 × 16)
= 22 g
–
(c) Mass of NO3 ions
– –
= number of moles of NO3 × molar mass of NO3
= 0.25 × (14 + 3 × 16)
= 15.5 g

(d) Mass of Ca(OH)2

= number of moles of Ca(OH)2 × molar mass of Ca(OH)2
= 0.3 × (40 + 2 × 16 + 2 × 1)
= 22.2 g

Test Yourself 9.4 (page 147)

(a) Percentage of nitrogen in potassium nitrate

A of nitrogen
= r ! 100%
Mr of KNO3
14
= ! 100%
39 + 14 + (3 ! 16)
= 13.9%

(b) Percentage of chlorine in ammonium chloride

A of chlorine
= r ! 100%
Mr of NH4Cl
35.5
= ! 100%
14 + (4 ! 1) + 35.5
= 66.4%

© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

9.3
 nd
Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 9

(c) Percentage of calcium in calcium carbonate

A of calcium
= r ! 100%
Mr of CaCO3
40
= ! 100%
40 + 12 + (3 ! 16)
= 40%

Percentage of oxygen in calcium carbonate

A of oxygen
= r ! 100%
Mr of CaCO3
3 ! 16
= ! 100%
40 + 12 + (3 ! 16)
= 48%

Test Yourself 9.5 (page 151)

1. (a)
Element C H O N
Percentage in
49.5 5.1 16.5 28.9
compound/%
Relative atomic
12 1 16 14
mass
Number of 49.5 5.1 16.5 28.9
moles/mol = 4.13 = 5.1 = 1.03 = 2.06
12 1 16 14
Mole ratio 4.13 5.1 1.03 2.06
= 4.01 = 4.95 =1 =2
1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03
Simplest ratio 4 5 1 2

Empirical formula of caffeine = C4H5ON2

(b) Let the molecular formula be (C4H5ON2)n

relative molecular mass of caffeine
n=
Mr of caffeine from empirical formula
195
=
(4 ! 12) + (5 ! 1) + 16 + (2 ! 14)
=2

Molecular formula of caffeine

= C8H10O2N4

2. (a)
Element Si O
Mass of element/g 15.48 – 15.20 = 0.28 15.80 – 15.48 = 0.32
Relative atomic mass 28 16
Number of moles/ mol 0.28 0.32
= 0.01 = 0.02
28 16
Mole ratio 0.01 0.02
=1 =2
0.01 0.01
Simplest ratio 1 2

Empirical formula of the oxide of silicon is SiO2.

© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

9.4
 nd
Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 9

(b) Let the molecular formula be (SiO2)n

relative molecular mass of the oxide of silicon
n=
Mr of the oxide of silicon from empirical formula
60
=
28 + (2 ! 16)
=1

Molecular formula of the oxide of silicon is SiO2.

3. (a) Mass of water

= 124.8 – 31.8 – 48.0
= 45 g

Number of moles of water

mass of water
=
molar mass of water
45
=
(2 ! 1) + 16
= 2.5 mol

Number of water molecules

23
= 2.5 × 6 × 10
24
= 1.5 × 10

(b)
2+ 2–
Substance Cu SO4 H 2O
Mass/g 31.8 48.0 45.0
Relative
64 96 18
atomic mass
Number of
3.18 48 45
moles/mol = 0.5 = 0.5 = 2.5
64 96 18
Mole ratio 0.5 0.5 2.5
=1 =1 =5
0.5 0.5 0.5
Simplest ratio 1 1 5

Thus, the formula of hydrated copper(II) sulfate is CuSO4.5H2O.

Test Yourself 9.6 (page 154)

1. (a) Number of moles of sulfur dioxide

volume of sulfur dioxide in dm3
=
24 dm3
1.2
=
24
= 0.05 mol

© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

9.5
 nd
Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 9

(b) Number of moles of methane

volume of methane in dm3
=
24 dm3
0.24
=
24
= 0.01 mol

(c) Number of moles of carbon dioxide

volume of carbon dioxide in cm3
=
24 000 cm3
120
=
24 000
= 0.005 mol

2. (a) Number of moles of methane

volume of methane in cm3
=
24 000 cm3
120
=
24 000
= 0.005 mol

Number of molecules of methane

23
= 0.005 × 6.0 × 10
21
= 3.0 × 10

(b) Number of moles of chlorine gas

42
=
24
= 1.75 mol
3
Mass of 42 dm of chlorine gas
= 1.75 × (35.5 × 2)
= 124.25 g

3. Number of moles of carbon dioxide produced

80
=
24 000
= 0.00333 mol

Number of molecules of carbon dioxide

23
= 0.00333 × 6 × 10
21
= 2.00 × 10

© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

9.6
 nd
Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 9

4. Number of moles of chlorine

volume of chlorine in cm3
=
24 000 cm3
192
=
24 000
= 0.008 mol

Number of moles of M
mass of M
=
molar mass of M
0.52
=
65
= 0.008 mol

Mole ratio of metal to chlorine = 1:1

∴ The formula of the compound is MCl.

Test Yourself 9.7 (page 157)

3
1. Concentration of NaOH in g/dm
3
= concentration of NaOH in mol/dm × molar mass of NaOH
= 0.10 × (23 + 16 + 1)
3
= 4 g/dm

2. Number of moles of KOH

mass of KOH
=
molar mass of KOH
14
=
39 + 16 + 1
= 0.25 mol

3
Concentration of KOH in mol/dm
number of moles of KOH
=
volume of solution in dm3
0.25
=
100
( )
1000
3
= 2.5 mol/dm

3. If the solution is evaporated to dryness, only water is removed.

Number of moles of sodium chloride that remains = 1.0 mol

Mass of NaCl
= number of moles of NaCl × molar mass of NaCl
= 1.0 × (23 + 35.5)
= 58.5 g

© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

9.7
 nd
Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 9

Get it Right (page 159)

(a) False. Not all relative atomic masses are whole numbers.
(b) True
(c) False. The relative formula mass of MgSO4.7H2O is 246.
(d) True
(e) False. The number of moles of an element is the number of particles of the element divided by
Avogadro’s number.
(f) False. 10 g of helium gas does not contain the same number of atoms as 10 g of chlorine gas.
(g) True
(h) True
(i) False. The molar volume of a gas depends on its temperature.
(j) True

Let’s Review (pages 159–160)

Section A: Multiple-Choice Questions

1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. D

Section B: Structured Questions

1. (a) (i) Number of moles of TiCl3

mass of TiCl3
=
molar mass of TiCl3
38.6
=
48 + (3 ! 35.5)
= 0.25 mol
(ii) Percentage mass of Ti in TiCl3
Ar of Ti
= × 100%
Mr of TiCl3
48
= × 100%
48 + (3 ! 35.5)
= 31.1%

Mass of Ti in the sample

= 31.1% × 38.6
= 12.0 g
–
(b) Number of moles of Cl ions
= 3 × number of moles of TiCl3
= 3 × 0.5
=1.5 mol
–
Number of Cl ions
23
= 1.5 × 6 × 10
23
= 9 × 10

© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

9.8
 nd
Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 9

2. Mr of ammonia (NH3) = 14 + (3 × 1) = 17
Molar mass of ammonia = 17 g/mol

Mass of ammonia
= number of moles of ammonia × molar mass of ammonia in g/mol
= 130 × 17
= 2210 g
–3
= 2.21 × 10 tonnes

3. (a)
Element C H
Percentage in
84.2 100 − 84.2 = 15.8
compound/%
Relative atomic mass 12 1
Number of moles/mol 84.2 15.8
= 7.02 = 15.8
12 1
Mole ratio 7.02 15.8
=1 = 2.25
7.02 7.02
Simplest ratio 4 9

Empirical formula of octane is C4H9.

(b) (i) Molar mass of octane

mass of octane
=
number of moles of octane
2.964 ! 1000
=
26.0
= 114
(ii) Let the molecular formula be (C4H9)n.
relative molecular mass of octane
n=
Mr of octane from empirical formula
114
=
(4 ! 12) + (9 ! 1)
=2

Molecular formula of octane is C8H18.

(c) Mass of octane needed to complete 61 laps

= 2.964 × 61
= 181 kg

Volume of octane
181
=
700
3
= 0.258 m
3
= 258 dm

© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

9.9
 nd
Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Full Solutions to Textbook Questions Chapter 9

Section C: Free-Response Questions

1. (a) (i) Bromine is poisonous. Bromine vapour may be released during the
experiment.
(ii) To stop reactants and products from vaporising.
(b) Mass of flask + copper; mass of flask + copper bromide
(c) (i)
Element Cu Br
Mass/g 64 160
Relative atomic
64 80
mass
Number of 64 160
moles/mol =1 =2
64 80
Mole ratio 1 2

Empirical formula is CuBr2.

(ii) Relative molecular mass of CuBr2
3
2. (a) Number of moles of MgCl2 in 500 cm of solution
2.38
=
95
= 0.025 mol
3
(b) (i) Concentration of MgCl2 in mol/dm
0.025
=
0.5
3
= 0.05 mol/dm
– 3
(ii) Concentration of Cl ions in g/dm
= 0.05 × 2 × 35.5
3
= 3.55 g/dm

© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

9.10