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    Mirpur University of Science and Technology (Must), Mirpur Deparment Software Engineering

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    This document discusses discrete and continuous systems in modeling and simulation. It defines a discrete system as one where state variables change at discrete points in time, like a bank, while a continuous system changes state variables continuously over time, like water levels behind a dam. It also discusses three levels of models - conceptual, specification, and computational. Finally, it distinguishes between model verification, which checks if the computational model matches its specifications, and validation, which checks if the model sufficiently represents the real system.

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    Mirpur University of Science and Technology (Must), Mirpur Deparment Software Engineering

    Uploaded by

    ali
    23 views11 pages
    This document discusses discrete and continuous systems in modeling and simulation. It defines a discrete system as one where state variables change at discrete points in time, like a bank, while a continuous system changes state variables continuously over time, like water levels behind a dam. It also discusses three levels of models - conceptual, specification, and computational. Finally, it distinguishes between model verification, which checks if the computational model matches its specifications, and validation, which checks if the model sufficiently represents the real system.

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    S&M Lecture 3

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    This document discusses discrete and continuous systems in modeling and simulation. It defines a discrete system as one where state variables change at discrete points in time, like a bank, while a continuous system changes state variables continuously over time, like water levels behind a dam. It also discusses three levels of models - conceptual, specification, and computational. Finally, it distinguishes between model verification, which checks if the computational model matches its specifications, and validation, which checks if the model sufficiently represents the real system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views11 pages

    Mirpur University of Science and Technology (Must), Mirpur Deparment Software Engineering

    Uploaded by

    ali
    This document discusses discrete and continuous systems in modeling and simulation. It defines a discrete system as one where state variables change at discrete points in time, like a bank, while a continuous system changes state variables continuously over time, like water levels behind a dam. It also discusses three levels of models - conceptual, specification, and computational. Finally, it distinguishes between model verification, which checks if the computational model matches its specifications, and validation, which checks if the model sufficiently represents the real system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    MIRPUR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (MUST), MIRPUR

    DEPARMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING


    Simulation & Modeling

    Lecture 3: Discrete and Continues Systems

    Engr. Samiullah Khan

    Date: 03 May, 2021


    Modeling-Recap

    • Modeling is the process of producing a model


    • A model is a representation of the construction and working of some system of
    interest

    • A model is similar to but simpler than the system it represents

    • One purpose of a model is to enable the analyst to predict the effect of changes
    to the system

    • On the one hand, a model should be a close approximation to the real system
    and incorporate most of its main features

    Software Project Management 3


    Model of a System

    • To study the system


    • It is sometimes possible to experiments with system
    • This is not always possible (bank, factory,…)

    • A new system may not yet exist

    • Model: A conceptual framework that describes a system


    • It is necessary to consider those aspects of systems that affect the problem under
    investigation (unnecessary details must remove)

    Software Project Management 4


    Simulation-Recap

    • An important issue in modeling is model validity

    • Model validation techniques include:


    i. Simulating the model under known input conditions
    ii. Comparing model output with system output

    • A simulation of a system is the operation of a model of the system

    • The model can be reconfigured and experimented with


    • Usually, this is impossible, too expensive or impractical to do in the actual system it
    represents

    Software Project Management 5


    Discrete and Continues Systems

    • A discrete system is one in which the state variables change only at a


    discrete set of points in time : Bank example

    Software Project Management 6


    Discrete and Continues Systems (Contd…)

    • A continues system is one in which the state variables change


    continuously over time: Head of water behind the dam

    Software Project Management 7


    Types of Model

    Software Project Management 8


    Three Model Levels

    Conceptual
    • Very high level
    • How comprehensive should the model be?
    • What are the state variables, which are dynamic, and which are important?
    Specification
    • On paper
    • May involve equations, pseudocode, etc
    • How will the model receive input?
    Computational
    • A computer program
    • General-purpose PL or simulation language?

    Software Project Management 9


    Verification vs. Validation

    Verification
    • Computational model should be consistent with specification
    model
    • Did we build the model right?
    Validation
    • Computational model should be consistent with the system
    being analyzed
    • Did we build the right model?
    • Can an expert distinguish simulation output from system
    output?
    • Interactive graphics can be valuable

    Software Project Management 10


    THANKS

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