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    Classification of Viruses

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    hely shah
    There are two main systems for classifying viruses: ICTV classification and Baltimore classification. ICTV classification is overseen by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and organizes viruses into a taxonomic hierarchy from order down to species. Baltimore classification categorizes viruses into one of seven groups based on their nucleic acid composition and structure. Specifically, it considers whether their genome is DNA or RNA, single- or double-stranded, and positive- or negative-sense. This classification system provides insight into viral behavior and replication methods.

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    Classification of Viruses

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    hely shah
    105 views2 pages
    There are two main systems for classifying viruses: ICTV classification and Baltimore classification. ICTV classification is overseen by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and organizes viruses into a taxonomic hierarchy from order down to species. Baltimore classification categorizes viruses into one of seven groups based on their nucleic acid composition and structure. Specifically, it considers whether their genome is DNA or RNA, single- or double-stranded, and positive- or negative-sense. This classification system provides insight into viral behavior and replication methods.

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    There are two main systems for classifying viruses: ICTV classification and Baltimore classification. ICTV classification is overseen by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and organizes viruses into a taxonomic hierarchy from order down to species. Baltimore classification categorizes viruses into one of seven groups based on their nucleic acid composition and structure. Specifically, it considers whether their genome is DNA or RNA, single- or double-stranded, and positive- or negative-sense. This classification system provides insight into viral behavior and replication methods.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    105 views2 pages

    Classification of Viruses

    Uploaded by

    hely shah
    There are two main systems for classifying viruses: ICTV classification and Baltimore classification. ICTV classification is overseen by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and organizes viruses into a taxonomic hierarchy from order down to species. Baltimore classification categorizes viruses into one of seven groups based on their nucleic acid composition and structure. Specifically, it considers whether their genome is DNA or RNA, single- or double-stranded, and positive- or negative-sense. This classification system provides insight into viral behavior and replication methods.

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    Classification of viruses

    Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a
    taxonomic system. Similar to the classification systems used for cellular
    organisms, virus classification is the subject of ongoing debate and proposals.
    Viruses do not fit into the established biological classification system in place
    for cellular organisms. There are two systems for the classification of viruses;
    1. ICTV classification
    2. Baltimore classification

    ICTV classification

    The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses began to devise and


    implement rules for the naming and classification of viruses early in the 1970s,
    an effort that continues to the present. The ICTV is the body that has the task
    of developing, refining and maintaining a universal taxonomy of viruses.
    Viral classification starts at the level of order and continues as follows, with the
    taxonomic suffixes in parentheses;
    Order (virales)
    Family (viridae)
    Subfamily (virinae)
    Genus (virus)
    Species
    Species names often take the form of virus or disease

    Baltimore classification

    Baltimore classification (first defined in 1971) is a classification system that


    places viruses into one of seven groups depending on their;
    1. Type of nucliec acid (DNA or RNA)
    2. strandedness (single-stranded or double-stranded)
    3. sense (positive sense or negative sense
    This classification was named after the name of David Baltimore, a Nobel Prize-
    winning biologist, these groups are designated by Roman numerals. In
    addition, viral structures are often difficult to determine under the microscope.
    Classifying viruses according to their genome means that those in a given
    category will all behave in a similar fashion, offering some indication of how to
    proceed with further research. Viruses can be placed in one of the seven
    following groups;
     I: dsDNA viruses (e.g. Adenoviruses, Herpesviruses, Poxviruses)
     II: ssDNA viruses (+ strand or "sense") DNA (e.g. Parvoviruses)
     III: dsRNA viruses (e.g. Reoviruses)
     IV: (+)ssRNA viruses (+ strand or sense) RNA (e.g. Coronaviruses,
    Picornaviruses, Togaviruses)
     V: (−)ssRNA viruses (− strand or antisense) RNA (e.g. Orthomyxoviruses,
    Rhabdoviruses)
     VI: ssRNA-RT viruses (+ strand or sense) RNA with DNA intermediate in
    life-cycle (e.g. Retroviruses)
     VII: dsDNA-RT viruses DNA with RNA intermediate in life-cycle (e.g.
    Hepadnaviruses)

    Positive sense RNA


    Positive-sense viral RNA means that a particular viral RNA sequence may be
    directly translated into viral proteins (e.g., those needed for viral replication).
    Therefore, in positive-sense RNA viruses, the viral RNA genome can be
    considered viral mRNA, and can be immediately translated by the host cell.
    Some viruses (e.g. Coronaviridae) have positive-sense genomes that can act as
    mRNA and be used directly to synthesize proteins without the help of a
    complementary RNA intermediate. Because of this, these viruses do not need to
    have an RNA polymerase enzyme packaged into the virus.

    Negative sense RNA


    Negative-sense viral RNA is complementary to the viral mRNA, thus a positive-
    sense RNA must be produced by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from it
    prior to translation. Like DNA, negative-sense RNA has a nucleotide sequence
    complementary to the mRNA that it encodes; also like DNA, this RNA cannot be
    translated into protein directly. Instead, it must first be transcribed into a
    positive-sense RNA that acts as an mRNA. Some viruses (e.g. influenza viruses)
    have negative-sense genomes and so must carry an RNA polymerase inside the
    virus.

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