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    Chapter 1

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    Engr Ibad Razzak
    1) A current-carrying conductor produces a magnetic field around it. 2) Changing magnetic fields induce voltages in nearby coils of wire according to Faraday's law of induction, which is the operating principle of transformers, motors, and generators. 3) Ferromagnetic materials like iron and steel have non-linear and variable permeability, producing different magnetic flux densities for a given magnetic field strength. This property is important for devices like transformers.

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    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Engr Ibad Razzak
    49 views37 pages
    1) A current-carrying conductor produces a magnetic field around it. 2) Changing magnetic fields induce voltages in nearby coils of wire according to Faraday's law of induction, which is the operating principle of transformers, motors, and generators. 3) Ferromagnetic materials like iron and steel have non-linear and variable permeability, producing different magnetic flux densities for a given magnetic field strength. This property is important for devices like transformers.

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    1) A current-carrying conductor produces a magnetic field around it. 2) Changing magnetic fields induce voltages in nearby coils of wire according to Faraday's law of induction, which is the operating principle of transformers, motors, and generators. 3) Ferromagnetic materials like iron and steel have non-linear and variable permeability, producing different magnetic flux densities for a given magnetic field strength. This property is important for devices like transformers.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    49 views37 pages

    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Engr Ibad Razzak
    1) A current-carrying conductor produces a magnetic field around it. 2) Changing magnetic fields induce voltages in nearby coils of wire according to Faraday's law of induction, which is the operating principle of transformers, motors, and generators. 3) Ferromagnetic materials like iron and steel have non-linear and variable permeability, producing different magnetic flux densities for a given magnetic field strength. This property is important for devices like transformers.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 37

    Magnetic Field

    Magnetic field due to current


    Magnetic field is produced by the moving charge i.e. current, so a current
    carrying conductor carries a magnetic field around it .
    Principle of Transformer, Motor and
    Generator
    Transformer
    A time changing magnetic field induces a voltage in a coil of wire when passes
    through it.
    Motor’s Principle
    A current carrying wire in the presence of the magnetic field has a force
    induced on it.
    Generator's Principle
    A moving wire in the presence of the magnetic field has a voltage induced in
    It.
    How the Magnetic Field is Produced
    • According to Ampere’s Law

     H dl  I net

    CSA

    N turns

    mean path length, lc

    Hlc  Ni
    Ni
    H 
    lc
    Permeability
    • permeability is a material property that describes the ease
    with which a magnetic flux is established in a component

    OR

    • permeability is the magnetization capability of a material


    which it obtains in response to an applied magnetic field.
    Electric and Magnetic Flux
    Electric and magnetic line of forces are called electric and magnetic flux
    Magnetic Circuits
    Like an electric circuit a magnetic circuit, indicating the direction of the
    magnetic flux and offering opposition to it can be built.
    Continued….
    Ferromagnetic Materials
    As, We know that the magnetic flux density ”B” is
    B  H

    Where µ is the permeability of the material.

    Ferromagnetic materials are those which offer different or inconstant and


    non linear permeability .e.g. Steel, Iron etc
    Magnetization Curve
    Continued……
    Continued….
    Continued….
    Magnetic Domains
    In ferromagnetic materials, the atoms are magnetic and groups of them form
    magnetic arrays, known as domains
    Hysteresis
    Hysteresis Loss
    • In an ac current situation, to realign the magnetic field in each domain
    during the opposite cycle would require extra m.m.f known as coercive
    m.m.f.

    • This extra energy required to accomplish the reorientation of domains


    during each cycle of AC is called hysteresis loss.

    • The larger the material, the more energy is required hence the higher the
    hysteresis loss.

    • Area enclosed in the hysteresis loop formed by applying an ac current to


    the core is directly proportional to the energy lost in a given ac cycle.
    Core loss is extremely important in practice, since it
    greatly affects operating temperatures, efficiencies,
    and ratings of magnetic devices.
    Faraday’s Law
    “If a flux passes through a turn of a coil of wire, a
    voltage will be induced in it, that is directly
    proportional to the rate of change of flux.”

    d
    eind 
    dt

    d
    eind  N
    dt
    Lenz’s Law
    Eddy Current
    Continues……
    Induced Force on a Wire

    F  i l  B 
    F  ilB sin 
    Induced Voltage on a Conductor Moving in a
    Magnetic Field

    ein = (v x B) l

    eind = (v x B)l cosθ


    The Linear DC Machine
    Switch B
    R
    +

    VB eind
    -

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