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    Indirect Speech VIII

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    Madalina Dumitrut
    Indirect speech is a way of reporting someone's words or message using one's own words rather than repeating the exact words spoken. There are specific rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech, such as changing verb tenses, pronouns, time/place words, and converting exclamatory sentences. Some modal verbs and conjunctions do not change form. Indirect speech also uses reporting verbs that indicate what was said or asked.

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    Indirect Speech VIII

    Uploaded by

    Madalina Dumitrut
    65 views5 pages
    Indirect speech is a way of reporting someone's words or message using one's own words rather than repeating the exact words spoken. There are specific rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech, such as changing verb tenses, pronouns, time/place words, and converting exclamatory sentences. Some modal verbs and conjunctions do not change form. Indirect speech also uses reporting verbs that indicate what was said or asked.

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    Indirect speech is a way of reporting someone's words or message using one's own words rather than repeating the exact words spoken. There are specific rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech, such as changing verb tenses, pronouns, time/place words, and converting exclamatory sentences. Some modal verbs and conjunctions do not change form. Indirect speech also uses reporting verbs that indicate what was said or asked.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    65 views5 pages

    Indirect Speech VIII

    Uploaded by

    Madalina Dumitrut
    Indirect speech is a way of reporting someone's words or message using one's own words rather than repeating the exact words spoken. There are specific rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech, such as changing verb tenses, pronouns, time/place words, and converting exclamatory sentences. Some modal verbs and conjunctions do not change form. Indirect speech also uses reporting verbs that indicate what was said or asked.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Indirect speech

     Direct Speech- reporting the message of the speaker in exact


    words as spoken by him.
     Indirect Speech – reporting the message of the speaker in our own
    words.
    Reguli:
    1. Various factors: - reporting verbs
    - Modal verbs
    - Time expressions
    - Pronouns
    - Verb tenses
    2.Tenses Changes
    Direct Speech - Indirect Speech( Reported Speech)
    Present Simple Past Simple
    (S+vb+ term: s,es) (S+vb+ term:ed/ II forma vb nereg,)
    Present Continuous Past Continuous
    (S+”To Be/is, are”+term.ing) (S+”To Be/was,were”+term.ing)
    Present Perfect Past perfect
    (S+ has/have+ term.ed/past part.) (S+ had+ ter.ed/past part.)
    Past Simple Past Perfect
    (S+vb+ term:ed/ II forma vb nereg,) (S+ had+ ter.ed/past part.)
    Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
    (S+”To Be/was/were+vb+ term.ing) (S+had+been+vb+term.ing)
    Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
    (S+has/have+been+vb+term.ing) (S+had+been+vb+term.ing)
    Future/Will Conditional/ Would+ Present
    Future Continuous Conditional Continuous
    Can Could
    May Might
    Must Had To
    Have to Had To
    Timpurile verbal nu se schimba in vorbirea indirectă dacă verbele
    de raportare sunt la viitor sau present.
    EXEMPLU: D: She says/will say”she is going” to the party.
    I: She says/will say she is going to the party.
     Present-Past
    EXEMPLU: D: She said: “I am happy”
    I: She said that she was happy.
     Present Perfect- Past Perfect
    EXEMPLU: D: “I have been to Boston”, she told me.
    I: She told me that she had been to Boston.
    D: He said, “she has finished her homework.”
    I: He said that she had finished her homework.
     Present Cont.- Past Cont.
    EXEMPLU: D: “I am playing the guitar”, she explained.
    I: She explained that she was playing the guitar.
     Past Simple- Past Perfect
    EXEMPLU: D: She said, “Mary arrived on Sunday”
    I: She said that Mary had arrived on Sunday.
     Past Cont- Past Perfect Cont
    EXEMPLU: D: “We were playing basketball”, they told me.
    I: They told me that they had been playing
    basketball.
     Future – Conditional
    EXEMPLU: D: She said, “I will be in Scotland tomorrow.”
    I: She said that she would be in Scotland the next day.”
     Future Continuous- Conditional Continuous
    EXEMPLU: D: He said,”I’ll be disposing the old computer next
    Tuesday”.
    I: He said that he would be disposing the old
    computer next Tuesday.
     Modal verbs
    EXEMPLU: D: She said, “She can dance”.
    I: She said that she could dance.
    EXEMPLU: D: She said,”I may buy a dress.”
    I: She said that she might buy a dress.
    EXEMPLU: D: George said,”I must complete the assignment”.
    I: George said that he had to complete the
    assignment.
    !!!! THERE ARE MODALS THAT DO NOT CHANGE:
    ( COULD, WOULD, SHOULD, MIGHT, OUGHT TO)
    EXEMPLU: D: She said, “I should clean the house”
    I: She said that she should clean the house.

    3.Conversion Sentences
    NO CONJUCTION IS USED if the sentence in DIRECT
    SPEECH begins with a question:
    (WHAT/WHERE/WHEN/WHY..), the question word acts
    like a joining clause( propozitie de conectare).
    EXEMPLU: D: “Where do you live?” asked the boy.
    I: The boy enquired( a întrebat) where I lived.
     Direct Speech begins with an auxiliary verb or helping verb,
    the joining clause should be introduced by IF or WHETHER.
    EXEMPLU: D: She said, “ Will you come for the party?”
    I: She asked whether we would come for the
    party.
     REPORTING VERBS SUCH AS: SAID, ASKED,
    ENQUIRED, DEMANDED, se schimbă în funcție de
    contextul din vorbirea directă.
    EXEMPLU: D: He said to me” What are you wearing?”
    I: He asked me that I was wearing.

    4.Pronoun Conversion
     SUBJECT PRONOUNS
    Direct Speech Indirect Speech
    I/YOU HE/SHE
    YOU I/HE/SHE/WE/THEY
    WE THEY
    HE/SHE HE/SHE
    THEY THEY
     OBJECT PRONOUNS
    Direct Speech Indirect Speech
    ME HIM/HER
    YOU HIM/HER/US/THEM
    US THEM
     POSSESIVE ADJECTIVE
    Direct Speech Indirect Speech
    MY HIS/HER
    YOUR MY/HIS/HER/OUR/THEIR
    OUR THEIR
     POSSESIVE PRONOUNS
    Direct Speech Indirect Speech
    MINE HIS/HERS
    YOURS MINE/HIS/HERS/OURS/THEIRS
    OURS THEIRS
     DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
    Direct Speech Indirect Speech
    THIS THAT
    THESE THOSE

    5. Vorbirea indirectă este sustinută de câteva verbe precum:


    requested, ordered, suggested , advised, forbid-forbade( pentru
    propoziții negative). Așadar MODUL IMPERATIV în vorbirea
    direct se va transforma alături de aceste verbe la MODUL
    INFINITIV în vorbirea indirectă.
     EXEMPLU: D: She said to her, “Please complete the quiz”.
    I: She requested her to complete the quiz.
    D: The teacher said to Jane, “Sit down”
    I: The teacher ordered Jane to sit down.
    6. În propoziția EXCLAMATIVĂ în vorbirea directă sunt exprimate
    sentimente( fericire, amărăciune, tristețe), interjecțiile fiind
    eliminate în vorbirea indirectă și propoziția transformându-se din
    exclamativă în ENUȚIATIVĂ.
     EXEMPLU: D: She said, “ Tom! I am undone!”.
    I: She exclaimed sadly that she was broke.
    7. Time change
    În vorbirea directă cuvintele care exprimă apropiere temporală
    sau locală sunt schimbate în vorbirea indirectă în cuvinte care
    exprima depărtare.
    Direct Speech Indirect Speech
    NOW THEN
    HERE THERE
    AGO BEFORE
    THUS SO
    TODAY THAT DAY
    TOMORROW THE NEXT DAY
    YESTERDAY THE DAY BEFORE
    NEXT WEEK THE FOLLOWING WEEK

    EXEMPLU: D: He said,” His girlfriend came yesterday.”


    I: He said that his girlfriend had come the day
    before.

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