2021

S K Mondal
23. Superheated steam at 1500 kPa, has a specific volume of 2.75 m3 kmol and compressibility factor (Z)
of 0.95. The temperature of steam is ____________°C (round off to the nearest integer).
(A) 249 (B) 471 (C) 522 (D) 198
Key: (A)
Sol: P
We know that compressibility factor (z) =
RT
R  8.3143kJ/k mol K
500  103  2.75
0.95 =
8.3143 T  103
T  522.24K  249.24C

28. A rigid insulated tank is initially evacuated. It is connected through a valve to a supply line
that carries air at a constant pressure and temperature of 250 kPa and 400 K respectively. Now the valve
is opened and air is allowed to flow into the tank until the pressure inside the tank reaches to 250 kPa at
which point the valve is closed. Assume that the air behaves as a perfect gas with constant properties
(cp  1.005 kJ kg.K, cv  0.718 kJ kg.K, R  0.287 kJ kg.K) . Final temperature of the air inside the
tank is _____ K (round off to one decimal place).
Key: (559.89)—(555-565)
Sol:
For charging tank, m p h p  m 2 u 2  m1u1 Since the tank is initially empty, m1  0

Since, m p h p  m 2 u 2
Cp Tp  CV T2
mp  m2
C   1.005 
  400   559.89K
hp  u2 T2  Tp   P  Tp  
 CV   0.718 

35. An air-conditioning system provides a continuous flow of air to a room using an intake duct and an exit
duct, as shown in the figure. To maintain the quality of the indoor air, the intake duct supplies a mixture
of fresh air with a cold air stream. The two streams are mixed in an insulated mixing chamber located
upstream of the intake duct. Cold air enters the mixing chamber at 5°C, 105 kPa with a volume flow rate
of 1.25 m3 s during steady stage operation. Fresh air enters the mixing chamber at 34°C and 105 kPa.
The mass flow rate of the fresh air is 1.6 times of the cold air stream. Air leaves the room through the
exit duct at 24°C.

Cold Air Intake

Duct
Room
Exit Duct
Mixing
Fresh Air
Chamber
 2021
S K Mondal
Assuming the air behaves as an ideal gas with c p  1.005 kJ kg.K and R  0.287 kJ/kg.K, the rate of
heat gain by the air from the room is _________kW (round off to two decimal places).
Key: (4.93) --- (4.9-5.1)
Sol: Using ideal gas mass flow rate of cold air  m
 c  will be find out as follows
 m
PC VC
 C RTC 105 10  1.25  m  0.287  10   278
3
C
3
mC  1.64 kg / sec

Mass flow rate of fresh air  m̂F   1.6  m
 C 1.6  1.64  2.624kg/sec
Heat lost of fresh air = Heat gained by cold air
 F CP  TF  Tf   m
 C C P  Tf  TC  307  Tf  0.625Tf  173.75
m
1.625Tf  480.75
 2.624 1.005 307  Tf   1.64 1.005 Tf  278
Tf  298.85K
 307  Tf    0.625 Tf  278
Final mass flow rate of air from the mixed chamber
 f  m
m  F   4.264 kg/sec
C m

Exit temperature of air,  TE   24C  297K

 m
Heat gain by air from room Q  
 f Cp  TE  Tf    4.264 1.005 297  295.85   4.93kW

45. The fundamental thermodynamic relation for a rubber band is given by dU  TdS  dL, where T is the
absolute temperature. S is the entropy,  is the tension in the rubber band, and L is the length of the
rubber band. Which one of the following relations is CORRECT?
 T      T      U   U 
(A)      (B)      (C)     (D) T   
 S L  L S  L S  S L  S L  S 
Key: (B)
Sol: dU  Tds  dL
'dU' is exact differential like dz  Mdx  Ndy
 T    
 M   N  Based on above condition  L    S 
The condition for exact differential is     S L
 dy  x  dx  y
 2021
S K Mondal
50. In the vicinity of the triple point, the equation of liquid-vapour boundary in the P – T phase
diagram for ammonia is In P = 24.38 – 3063/T, where P is pressure (in Pa) and T is temperature (in K).
Similarly, the solid-vapour boundary is given by In P = 27.92 – 3754/T. The temperature at the triple
point is ___________ K (round off to one decimal place.)
Key: (195.2)—(195.1-195.3)
3063
Sol: Liquid-vapour boundary in the P-T phase diagram for ammonia is n P  24.38 
T
3754
Solid-vapour boundary in the P-T phase diagram for ammonia is n P  27.92 
T
At triple point same pressure & Temperature will be there for solid, liquid and vapour phases.
3063 3754 3754  3063 3754  3063
 24.38   27.92     27.92  24.38  T 195.2K
T T T 27.92  24.38
 2021
S K Mondal
2. An adiabatic vortex tube, shown in the figure given below is supplied with 5 kg/s of air (inlet 1) at
500kPa and 300K. Two separate streams of air are leaving the device from outlets 2 and 3. Hot air
leaves the device at a rate of 3 kg/s from outlet 2 at 100 kPa and 340 K, while 2 kg/s of cold air stream is
leaving the device from outlet 3 at 100 kPa and 240 K.

High pressureairinlet
1

Low pressurehot air outlet Low pressurecoldair outlet

2 3

Consider constant specific heat of air is 1005 J/kg.K and gas constant is 287 J/kg.K. There is no work
transfer across the boundary of this device. The rate of entropy generation is _______ kW/K (round off
to one decimal places).
Key: (2.24)
Sol: C p  1005J kgK ; gas constant  R   287J / kgK  1  5 kg sec, P1  500 kPa, T1  300K
m
 2  3kg sec, P2  100 kPa, T2  340K
m
R  cp  c v  c v  cp  R  1005  287  718 J kgK
 3  2kg sec, P3  100 kPa, T3  240K
m
Since tube is maintained in adiabatic condition
No entropy transfer from the vortex tube

Entropy generation = Entropy change – Entropy transfer

Entropy generation = Entropy change  entropy transfer  0 
Entropy change of hot air
 T   P 
 2 c p n  2   Rn  2     3 1005  n  340    287  n  100    1763.1 W K
m
  T1   P1     300   500  

Entropy change of cold air

 T   P 
 3 c p n  3   Rn  3     2  1005  n  240    287  n  100    475.30 W K
m     
  T1   P1     300   500  

 
Entropy generation sgen  Total entropy change  1763.1  475.30  2238.4 W K  2.24 kW K
 2021
S K Mondal
20. Consider an ideal vapour compression refrigeration cycle working on R-134a refrigerant. The COP of
the cycle is 10 and the refrigeration capacity is 150 kJ/kg. The heat rejected by the refrigerant in the
condenser is ______________ kJ/kg. (round off to the nearest integer).
Key: (165)
COP = 10
Refrigeration capacity = 150 kJ/kg TH
Work input to refrigeration (W) = ? Q1  Heat rejected by refreigerator
W   Q1  Q 2 
Q1
Q2
COP 
W Ref 15  Q1  150
150 Q1  150  15  165 kJ kg
10  W
W Q2
150
W  15 kJ kg TL
10

36. A rigid tank of volume 50 m3 contains a pure substance as a saturated liquid vapour mixture at 400 kPa.
Of the total mass of the mixture, 20% mass is liquid and 80% mass is vapour. Properties at 400 kPa
are: Saturation temperature, Tsat  143.61C; Specific volume of saturated liquid, v g  0.001084 m 3 /kg;
Specific volume of saturated vapour, v g  0.46242 m3 / kg. The total mass of liquid vapour mixture in
the tank is _________kg (round off to the nearest integer).

Key: (135.16)
Vapour
Sol: V  50 
Mass of vapour  m v      108.13kg
Vg  0.46242 
Liquid

Mass of vapour  m v  + mass of liquid  m L   Total mass (m) of liquid vapour mixture.

108.13  m L  m
1081.13   0.2m   m
108.13  0.8m
m  135.16 kg
 2020
S K Mondal
7. A closed vessel contains pure water, in thermal equilibrium with its vapour at 25°C (Stage #1), as
shown.
Isothermal oven at 80C
The vessel in this stage is then kept inside an isothermal oven Not to scale
which is having an atmosphere of hot air maintained at 80°C. Valve A Valve A
The vessel exchanges heat with the oven atmosphere and Water vapour
attains a new thermalequilibrium (Stage #2). If the Valve A
is now opened inside the oven, what will happen immediately Water
after opening the valve?
(A) Water vapor inside the vessel will come out of the Valve A Ambient air
25C
(B) Hot air will go inside the vessel through Valve A at 25C, 1 atm
Air at 80C, 1 atm
(C) All the vapor inside the vessel will immediately condense
(D) Nothing will happen - the vessel will continue to remain in
equilibrium

Key: (B)
Sol: In stage ‘1’, water vapour is present means pressure is not atmosphere pressure,
definitely less than atmospheric pressure. In stage ‘2’, we kept this vessel in 80°C air
oven and vessel receives heat from it
becomesuper heated and this heating done at constant volume, hence pressure use
will alsoincreases. The new pressure will be find as follows.
it is
Since V = C
P1 = Pressure water vapour + waterhence
mixturethein stage
waterI vapour in the vessel will
P1 P2
= = saturated vapour pressure corresponding to 25°C  0.03 bar
T1 V2

T1 = Initial temperature of water vapour and water mixture = 25° = 25 + 273 = 298°K
P2 = Pressure of water vapour and water mixture in stage II after reacting thermal equilibrium with hot
air, which is at 80°C.
T2 = Temperature of water vapour and water after reaching thermal equilibrium with hot air = 80°C
= 80 + 273= 353°K

0.03 P2
 = P2 = 0.0355 bar  1 bar ( Atmospheric pressure )
298 353

Since the pressure inside the vessel (0.0355 bar) is less than outside air (1 bar). Hence hot air will go
inside the vessel when the valve is opened. So answer is option ‘B’.
 2020
S K Mondal
25. If a reversed Carnot cycle operates between the temperature limits of 27°C and –3°C, then the ratio of
the COP of a refrigerator to that of a heat pump (COP of refrigerator/COP of heat pump) based on the
cycle is __________ (round off to 2 decimal places).
Key: (0.9)
Sol: Given that, T2 = −30C = 273 − 3 = 270K T1 = 27C = 273 + 27 = 300K
T1 300
( COP ) =
T2
=
270
=9 ( COP ) = = = 10
Re f
T1 − T2 ( 300 − 270 )
Heat pump
( T − T ) ( 300 − 270 )
1 2

( COP ) 9
Re f
= = 0.9
( COP ) Heat pump
10

38. One kg of air in a closed system undergoes an irreversible process from an initial state of p1 = 1 bar
(absolute) and T1 = 27°C, to a final state of p2 = 3 bar (absolute) and T2 = 127°C. If the gas constant of
air is 287 J/kg.K and the ratio of the specific heats γ = 1.4, then the change in the specific entropy (in
J/kg.K) of the air in the process is
(A) 172.0 (B) 28.4
(C) –26.3 (D) indeterminate, as the process is irreversible
Key: (C)
Sol:  400   3
(S2 − S1 ) = (1004.5) n   − ( 287 ) n   = −26.3 J kgK
 300  1

51. Air is contained in a frictionless piston-cylinder arrangement as shown in the figure.

The atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa and the initial pressure of air in the Stop

cylinder is 105 kPa. The area of piston is 300 cm2. Heat is now added and
the piston moves slowly from its initial position until it reaches the stops. 8 cm
The spring constant of the linear spring is 12.5 N/mm. Considering the
8 cm
air inside the cylinderas the system, the work interaction is ________ J.
(round off to the nearest integer).
Key: (544) Air
Q
Sol: ( dW )1−2 = ( P )( change in volume from '1' to '2')
( dW )1−2 = ( P )  Area of piston 
8  −4 8
 = 105  10  300  10 
3
= 252 Joules
 100  100

( dW )2−3 = ( P )( change in volume from '2' to '3') + ( strain energy stored in the spring )
 8  1 2
= ( P )  Area of piston   + kx
 100  2
8  1   8  
2

= 105 10 3 300 10 −4   +  12,500     = 292 Joules
 100  2   100  

( dW )1−3 = ( dW )1− 2 + ( dW )2−3 = 252 + 292 = 544 Joules

 2020
S K Mondal
12. For an ideal gas, a constant pressure line and a constant volume line intersect at a
point, in the Temperature (T) versus specific entropy (s) diagram, Cp is the specific heat at
constant pressure and C V is the specific heat at constant volume. The ratio of the slopes
of the constant pressure and constant volume lines at the point of intersection is
C C − CV C C − CV
(A) V (B) P (C) P (D) P
CP CP CV CV
Key: (A)
Sol: We know that, for closed system T
For open system P=C

dQ = du + dw dQ = dh − vdp V=C

Tds = c p dT − vdp .. ( 2 )
 Tds = Cv dT + Pdv ... (1)
S

When volume is constant, then When pressure is constant, when

pdv = 0  Tds = C v dT vdp = 0  Tds = C p dT
 dT   T   dT   T 
  =     =  
 ds  V = C  C p   ds  p = c  C p 

 dT   T 
   
 ds  p = c  C p  = Cv
=
 dT   T  Cp
   
 ds v =c  Cv 

21. For an ideal gas, the value of the Joule-Thomson coefficient is

(A) zero (B) negative (C) positive (D) indeterminate
Key: (A)
 T 
Sol: We know that joule Thomson’s coefficient (  j ) =  
 P h
  V  
for Real gas, ( u j ) =  V 
1
 ( u j )ideal gas =
1
T  T  − V  T  T  − V  = 0
Cp   P  Cp    
 2020
S K Mondal
29. One kg of air, initially at a temperature at 127°C, expands reversibly at a constant pressure until
the volume is doubled. If the gas constant of air is 287 J/kg.K, the magnitude of work
transfer is ___________kJ (round off to 2 decimal places).
Key: (114.8)
Sol: Given that, mass of gas (m) = 1kg
Initial temperature ( T1 ) = 127C = 127 + 273 = 400K

Gas constant ( R ) = 287 J kgK

Initial volume = V1 , Final volume = V2 = 2V1

Work done by system ( dW ) =  PdV

= P ( V2 − V1 )( P = constant ) = P ( 2V1 − V1 )

= PV1 = P1V1 ( P1 = P2 = P )

According to ideal gas equation,

P1V1 = mRT1
 dW = mRT1 = (1)( 287 )( 400 ) = 114.8kJ
 2019
S K Mondal‟s
6. During a non-flow thermodynamic process (1-2) executed by a perfect gas, the heat interaction

is equal to the work interaction  Q1 2  W12  when the process is

(A) Isentropic (B) Isothermal (C) Polytropic (D) Adiabatic

Key: (B)
1
Sol: First law of thermodynamics for non flow (closed) system,
dQ  du  dW T  Constant
P
 dQ   mc dT   dW
v  1 2

When process is isothermal, dT = 0  Q12  W12

Shaded area shows equal amount of heat & work. V

13. Air of mass 1 kg, initially at 300K and 10 bar, is allowed to expand isothermally till it reaches a
pressure of 1 bar. Assuming air as an ideal gas with gas constant of 0.287 kJ/kg.K, the change in
entropy of air (in kJ/kg.K, round off to two decimal places) is __________.
Key: (0.66)

Sol: Given that for Air, initially m  1kg, T1  300K, P1  10 bar

T2  300K  Isothermal  P2  1 bar

Since T2  T1 S  mR n P2  1  0.287  n 1 S  0.66084

P1 10
30. A gas is heated in a duct as it flows over a resistance heater. Consider a 101 kW electric heating
system. The gas enters the heating section of the duct at 100 kPa and 27°C with a volume flow
rate of 15m3/s. If heat is lost from the gas in the duct to the surroundings at a rate of 51kW, the
exit temperature of the gas is
(Assume constant pressure, ideal gas, negligible change in kinetic and potential energies and
constant specific heat; Cp = 1 kJ/kg.K; R = 0.5 kJ/kg.K).
(A) 53°C (B) 32°C (C) 37°C (D) 76°C
Key: (B)
P1V1
Sol: Now, mass flow rate m 
RT1 Q  m  h 2  h1   W 10  h 2  h1   50  h 2  h1  5
51  m  h 2  h1   101 Cp  T2  T1   5  T2  27  5  32 C
100  15
m  10 kg s
0.5  300 m  h 2  h1   50
 2019
S K Mondal‟s
47. If one mole of H2 gas occupies a rigid container with a capacity of 1000 liters and the
temperature is raised from 27°C to 37°C, the change in pressure of the contained gas (round off
to two decimal places), assuming ideal gas behavior, is _____ Pa. (R = 8.314 J/mol.K).
Key: (83.14)

Sol: Initially T1  27C  300K n1  1 mole R  8.314 KJ mol  K V1  1000 litres  1m 3

Finally, T2  37C  310K P2  ?
From ideal Gas relation Now since the volume of container is constant hence.
P1V1   nR  T1 V1  V2
 R  TP1   nR  TP2
P1  8.314  300 pascal 1 2

P1  300 R P2  P1
T2
 300R 
310
 P2  310R  Pascal 
T1 300

 Change in pressure,  P2  P1    310  300  R  10R  10  8.314

P  83.14 pascal

13. For a simple compressible system, v, s, p and T are specific volume, specific entropy, pressure
 v 
and temperature, respectively. As per Maxwell’s relation,   is equal to
 s  P

 T   T   s   p 
(A)   (B)    (C)   (D)  
 p  s  p p  T  P  v T
Key: (A)

 V   T 
Sol:    
 S  P  P S
dh  Tds  Vdp
dx  Mdy  Ndz
Maxwell’s relation can be obtained by using
 M   N   T   V 
       
 Z  y  y z  P s  S  p
 2019
S K Mondal‟s
38. Water flowing at the rate of 1 kg/s through a system is heated using an electric heater such that
the specific enthalpy of the water increases by 2.50 kJ/kg and the specific entropy increases by
0.007 kJ/kg K. The power input to the electric heater is 2.50 kW. There is no other work or heat
interaction between the system and the surroundings, Assuming an ambient temperature of 300
K, the irreversibility rate of the system is _______kW (round off to two decimal places).
Key: (2.1)

Sol: m  1kg s
h 2  h1  2.5 kJ kg , S2  S1  0.007 kj kg k
w  2.5kW, T0  300K
irreversibility  I   T0  S   300  0.007  2.1 kJ kg
 I  m  2.1  1  2.1  2.1 kW

47. The figure shows a heat engine (HE) working between two reservoirs. The amount of heat
 Q 2  rejected by the heat engine is drawn by a heat pump (HP). The heat pump receives the

entire work output (W) of the heat engine. If temperatures, T1  T3  T2 , then the relation

between the efficiency   of the heat engine and the coefficient and the coefficient of
performance (COP) of the heat pump is

(A) COP   (B) COP  1  1 T1 T3

(C) COP  1 (D) COP  1  

Q1 Q3
Key: (C) W
HE HP
Sol: T1  T3  T2  Given 
Q3 Q2 Q2
COPH.P 
W
W  Q1  Q 2  Q 2  Q1  W T2
W Q
 or 1  2  W   Q1
Q1 Q1
Also Q3  Q 2  W
Q2  W
COPH.P 
W
Q Q W Q
 2 1  1 1  1 11
W W W
1
 COP  
 2018
S K Mondal‟s
1. An ideal gas undergoes a process from state 1 (T 1 = 300 K, p1 = 100 kPa) to state 2 (T2 = 600K,
p2 = 500 kPa). The specific heats of the ideal gas are: cp = 1 kJ/kg-K and cv = 0.7 kJ/kgK. The
change in specific entropy of the ideal gas from state 1 to state 2 (in kJ/kg-K) is _____ (correct to
two decimal places).
Key: (0.21)
Sol: R  Cp  Cv  1  0.7  0.3kJ/kg-k
T  P   600   500 
Changein Entropy  s 2  s1  per unit mass  Cp n  2   R n  2   1 n   0.3 n  
 T1   P1   300   100 
s 2  s1  0.21kJ/kg-K

44. A tank of volume 0.05 m3 contains a mixture of saturated water and saturated steam at 200°C. The
mass of the liquid present is 8 kg. The entropy (in kJ/kgK) of the mixture is _____ (correct to two
decimal places)
Property data for saturated steam and water are:
At 200°c, Psat = 1.5538 MPa
vf = 0.001157 m3/kg, vg = 0.12736 m3/kg sfg = 4.1014 kJ/kgK, sf = 2.3309 kJ/kgK

Key: (2.49)
Sol: Given container has both water vapor & liquid v vapour  v  vf  liquid   0.05  0.01  0.04m3
i.e., it is in wet-vapour region, v vapour 0.04
mv    0.31kg
In that case entropy of mixture is s  sf  xsfg vg 0.12736
0.31
x  0.04
Where x=dryness fraction=
mv
  8
0.31
m v  mL
 s  2.3309  0.04  4.1014   2.49 kJ/kgK
vf  liquid   m L vf   8  0.001157   0.01

8. For an ideal gas with constant properties undergoing a quasi-static process, which one of the
following represents the change of entropy  s  from state 1 to 2?
T  P  T  V 
(A) s  Cp ln  2   R ln  2  (B) s  Cv ln  2   Cp ln  2 
 T1   P1   T1   V1 
T  P  T   V1 
(C) s  Cp ln  2   Cv ln  2  (D) s  Cv ln  2   R ln  V 
 T1   P1   T1   2
Key: (A)
Exp: For an ideal gas undergoing a quasi static process,
T  P 
Change in entropy, s  Cp n  2   R n  2 
 T1   P1 
 2018
S K Mondal‟s

46. Air is held inside a non insulated cylinder using a piston (mass M=25kg and area A=100 cm2) and
stoppers (of negligible area), as shown in the figure. The initial pressure Pi and temperature Ti of
air inside the cylinder are 200kPa and 400°C, respectively. The ambient pressure P and
temperature T are 100kPa and 27°C, respectively. The temperature of the air inside the cylinder
(°C) at which the piston will begin to move is ________ (correct to two decimal places).
Key: (147.63)
P  100kPa
Exp: Total pressure on the piston =
T  27C
P  pressure due to weight of piston PISTON
stops M  25kg
 mg   100   25  10  10   125kPa
3
 P      A  100cm2
 A   100  104  AIR
Internal pressure of air =200kPa g  10m / s 2
Pi  200kPa
The pressure at which the piston can move is 125kPa
Ti  400C
Let T2 the temperature corresponding to P2=125KPa
PV P V
 From 1 1  2 2
T1 T2
200 125
  volume of air constant 
673 T2
T2  420.625K
 147.625C  147.63C
 2017
S K Mondal‟s
7. The molar specific heat at constant volume of an ideal gas is equal to 2.5 times the universal
gas constant (8.314 J/mol.K). When the temperature increases by 100K, the change in molar
specific enthalpy is _______________ J/mol.
Key: 2908 to 2911
Exp: H  Cp T Cp  C v  R v [Cp  3.5R v ]

So, H  3.5  8.314 100 [H  2909.9 J mol]

10. A heat pump absorbs 10 kW of heat from outside environment at 250 K while absorbing 15
kW of work. It delivers the heat to a room that must be kept warm at 300K. The Coefficient of
Performance (COP) of the heat pump is ___________.
Key: 1.66 to 1.70

Exp:
300K

25kW  QH QH 25
COP    1.66
Wi/ p 15
H.P 15kW

10kW

250K

30. One kg of an ideal gas (gas constant, R = 400 J/kg.K; specific heat at constant volume,
c  1000J/kg.K) at 1 bar, and 300 K is contained in a sealed rigid cylinder. During an
adiabatic process, 100kJ of work is done on the system by a stirrer. The increase in entropy of
the system is _________ J/K.
Key: 286 to 288
Adiabatic wall, Q  0
Exp: Q  du  W
0  mCV  T2  T1   100  103  du  mC V  T2  T1  
mCV  T2  T1   100  103 still Q work
given  100 kJ
1  1000  T2  300   100  10 3

100  103
T2   300  400K
1000

T  V 
Entropy increase  S2  S1   mCV n  2   mR n  2  Since V2  V1
 T1   V1 
 400 
 S2  S1   1  1000   n    287.6821 J K
 300 
 2017
S K Mondal‟s
1. A mass m of a perfect gas at pressure p1 and volume V1 undergoes an isothermal process. The
final pressure is p2 and volume is V2. The work done on the system is considered positive. If R
is the gas constant and T is the temperature, then the work done in the process is
V2 p1 V2 p2
(A) p1V1 ln (B) p1V1 ln (C) RT ln (D) mRT ln
V1 p2 V1 p1
Key: (B)
Exp: Isothermal work done, W   pdV
For isothermal, pV= C
V  p 
p1V1  pV  C  constant  W  p1V1 n  2   p1V1 n  1  ( p1V1  p 2 V2 )
V2  V1   p2 
dV
so, W  p1V1 
V1
V

32. The volume and temperature of air (assumed to be an ideal gas) in a closed vessel is 2.87 m3
and 300K, respectively. The gauge pressure indicated by a manometer fitted to the wall of the
vessel is 0.5bar. If the gas constant of air is R = 287 J/kg. K and the atmospheric pressure is 1
bar, the mass of air (in kg) in the vessel is
(A) 1.67 (B) 3.33 (C) 5.00 (D) 6.66
Key: (C)
Exp: Patm  1 bar PV  mRT
Pabs  Pg  Patm  1.5bar PV 1.5  105  2.87
So, m    5kg
RT 287  300

37. A calorically perfect gas (specific heat at constant pressure 1000 J/kg.K) enters and leaves a gas
turbine with the same velocity. The temperatures of the gas at turbine entry and exit are 1100 K
and 400 K. respectively. The power produced is 4.6 MW and heat escapes at the rate of 300 kJ/s
through the turbine casing. The mass flow rate of the gas (in kg/s) through the turbine is.
(A) 6.14 (B) 7.00 (C) 7.50 (D) 8.00
Key: (B)
V12 V2 So, h1  h 2  Q L  P
Exp: h1   gz1  h 2  2  gz 2  Q L  P  V1  V2 , Z1  Z2
2 2

m Cp  T1  T2   Q L  P 
m
 300 10    4.6 10 
3 6 
m  7kg / sec
1000  1100  400 

41. One kg of an ideal gas (gas constant R = 287 J/kg.K) undergoes an irreversible process from
state-1 (1 bar, 300 K) to state -2 (2 bar, 300 K). The change in specific entropy (s2 – s1) of the
gas (in J/kg. K) in the process is ___________
Key: –201 to –197
Exp: Same Temperature S2  S1  Rn  P P   287n  21   198.93J / kgK
2
1
 2016
S K Mondal‟s
16. Which of the following statements are TRUE with respect to heat and work?
(i) They are boundary phenomena
(ii) They are exact differentials
(iii) They are path functions
(A) both (i) and (ii) (B) both (i) and (iii) (C) both (ii) and (iii) (D) only (iii)
Key: (B)

45. For water at 25oC, dps / dTs  0.189kPa / K (ps is the saturation pressure in kPa and Ts is the saturation
temperature in K) and the specific volume of dry saturated vapour is 43.38 m3/kg. Assume that the
specific volume of liquid is negligible in comparison with that of vapour. Using the Clausius- Clapeyron
equation, an estimate of the enthalpy of evaporation of water at 25oC (in kJ/kg) is ______.
Key: 2443.24
dPs h fg h fg
Exp:   0.189   h fg  2443.248kJ kg
dTs Ts  g   f   25  273 43.38  0 

46. An ideal gas undergoes a reversible process in which the pressure varies linearly with volume. The
conditions at the start (subscript 1) and at the end (subscript 2) of the process with usual notation are:
p1  100kPa, V1  0.2m3 and p 2  200 kPa, V2  0.1m3 and the gas constant, R = 0.275 kJ/kg-K. The
magnitude of the work required for the process (in kJ) is .
Key: 15
Exp: Pressure varies linearly with volume. P = a + bv Solving (1) & (2)
P1  a  bv1  100  a  b  0.2      (1)
100
100  0.1b  b   1000
P2  a  bv2  200  a  b  0.1      (2) 0.1

Substituting in any of the equations to get „a‟.  100  a   1000  0.2   a  300

2 2 2
 v 2  v12 
W   pdv    a  bv  dv    300  1000v  dv  300  v2  v1   1000  2 
1 1 1  2 
  0.12   0.2 2 
 300  0.1  0.2   1000    30   15  15kJ
 2 
 
 Magnitude of work required is 15 kJ.
 2016
S K Mondal‟s
17. The internal energy of an ideal gas is a function of
(A) temperature and pressure (C) entropy and pressure
(B) volume and pressure (D) temperature only

Key: (D)
Exp: According to Joule‟s law,
Internal energy of an ideal gas is a function of temperature only.

18. The heat removal rate from a refrigerated space and the power input to the compressor are 7.2 kW and
1.8 kW, respectively. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the refrigerator is .
Key: 4
Source
Q 7.2
Exp: C.O.PR  2  4 Q1
W 1.8
W  1.8kW
R
Q2  7.2kW

Refrigerated
Sink
space

44. A piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.4 m3 of air (to be treated as an ideal gas) at 100 kPa and
80oC. The air is now isothermally compressed to 0.1 m3. The work done during this process is
kJ.
(Take the sign convention such that work done on the system is negative)
Key: -55.45
Exp:
Ideal gas & process is isothermal.
V 
 W  P1V1 ln  2   100  0.4ln  0.1   55.45kJ
 V1   0.4 

45. A reversible cycle receives 40 kJ of heat from one heat source at a temperature of 127 ℃ and 37 kJ from
another heat source at 97 ℃. The heat rejected (in kJ) to the heat sink at 47 ℃ is .
Key: 64
Exp: Reversible cycle. T  127  273
1 T  97  273 2
 400K  370K

Q
 0
T Q1  40kJ Q2  37kJ

Q1 Q2 Q3 40 37 Q3
  0   0 E
T1 T2 T3 400 370 320
Q3 1 320
  Q3   64kJ
Q3

320 5 5
T3  47  273
 320K
 2016
S K Mondal‟s
17. The INCORRECT statement about the characteristics of critical point of a pure substance is
that
(A) there is no constant temperature vaporization process
(B) it has point of inflection with zero slope
(C) the ice directly converts from solid phase to vapor phase
(D) saturated liquid and saturated vapor states are identical
Key: (C)
Exp: The process of conversion from solid phase to vapour phase is called sublimation and this
does not happen at critical point. All the other statements are true at Critical point.

44. Steam at an initial enthalpy of 100 kJ/kg and inlet velocity of 100 m/s, enters an
insulated horizontal nozzle. It leaves the nozzle at 200 m/s. The exit enthalpy (in kJ/kg)
is .
Key: 85 1 2
Exp: h1  100kJ / kg
C1  100m / s
C1 C2
C2  200m / s
h1 h2
C2 C2
h1  1  h 2  2
2000 2000
2
100 2002
h 2  100    85kJ / kg
2000 2000
 2015
S K Mondal‟s
8. For an ideal gas with constant values of specific heats, for calculation of the specific enthalpy,
(A) it is sufficient to know only the temperature
(B) both temperature and pressure are required to be known
(C) both temperature and volume are required to be known
(D) both temperature and mass are required to be known
Answer: (A)

9. A Carnot engine (CE-1) works between two temperature reservoirs A and B, where TA = 900
K and TB = 500 K. A second Carnot engine (CE-2) works between temperature reservoirs B
and C, where TC = 300 K. In each cycle of CE-1 and CE-2, all the heat rejected by CE-1 to
reservoir B is used by CE-2. For one cycle of operation, if the net Q absorbed by CE-1 from
reservoir A is 150 MJ, the net heat rejected to reservoir C by CE-2 (in MJ) is _________.
Answer: 50
1  T1 1  500 900
Exp: 1    4.44
T1 900 Q1
Q 2  1  1   Q1  53.33 MJ HE W
Q2
1  T3 300
2  1  0.4 500
T2 500
Q2
Q3  1  2   Q 2  50 MJ
HE W
Q3
300

30. Temperature of nitrogen in a vessel of volume 2 m3 is 288 K. A U-tube manometer connected

to the vessel shows a reading of 70 cm of mercury (level higher in the end open to
atmosphere). The universal gas constant is 8314 J/kmol-K, atmospheric pressure is 1.01325
bar, acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/s2 and density of mercury is 13600 kg/m3. The mass
of nitrogen (in kg) in the vessel is _______.
Answer: 4.55
Exp: p  gh  0.7  1360  9.81  9339.12pa
Actual pressure  atmospheric pressure  110664.12 pa
110664.12  2
pv  mrT  m  pv RT   4.5539kg
288  8314

44. A well insulated rigid container of volume 1 m3 contains 1.0 kg of an ideal gas [Cp = 1000
J/(kg.K) and Cv = 800 J/(kg.K)] at a pressure of 105 Pa. A stirrer is rotated at constant rpm in
the container for 1000 rotations and the applied torque is 100 N-m. The final temperature of
the gas (in K) is _________.
Answer: 628.31

Exp: Work  T.  100  100  2 Cp T T  628.3105K

 2015
S K Mondal‟s
 a 
12. The Vander Waals equation of state is  p  2   v  b   RT, where p is pressure, v is
 v 
specific volume, T is temperature and R is characteristic gas constant. The SI unit of a is
 A J kg.K  B m kg  C m5 kg  s2  D Pa kg
Answer: (C)
2
a N  kg 
Exp: p both term should gave same unit since they are getting added  2  a  3 
 2
m m 
m6 m m5 kg m5
 a  unit   .kg.  
kg 2 s 2 m 2 kg 2s 2 kg s 2

15. The COP of a cannot heat pump operating between 6OC and 37OC is ___________
Answer: (10)
T1 310
Exp:  COP c.p.    10
T1  T2 31

34. One kg of air (R = 287 J/kg.K) undergoes an irreversible process between equilibrium state 1
 
20O C, 0.9m3 and equilibrium state 2 (20 OC, 0.6m3). The change in entropy S2 – S1 (in
J/kg.K) is _________
Answer: -116.36 1

V2 0.6
Exp: s 2  s1  mR ln  287 ln  116.368J / kgK
V 0.9

36. Work is done on an adiabatic system due to which its velocity changes from 10 m/s to 20 m/s,
elevation increases by 20 m and temperature increases by 1 K. The mass of the system is 10
kg. CV  100J  kg.K  and gravitational acceleration is 10 m/s2. If there is no change in any
other component of the energy of the system, the magnitude of total work done (in kJ) on the
system is________
Answer: 4.5
Exp: Using SFEE
 v 2 v  2 
m  1  2    z1  z 2  g   h1  h 2    W
 2 2  

102 202 
10    (20) 10  100  1   W
 2 2 
W  4.5kJ
 Work done on the system is 4.5 kJ.
 2015
S K Mondal‟s
9. A rigid container of volume 0.5 m3 contains 1.0 kg of water at 120°C (vf = 0.00106
m3/kg, vg = 0.8908 m3/kg). The state of water is
(A) Compressed liquid
(B) Saturated liquid
(C) A mixture of saturated liquid and saturated vapor
(D) Superheated vapor
Answer: (C)
0.5 3
Exp: V m / kg  0.5m3 / kg
1
Since Vf  V  Vg the state of water is mixture of saturated water and saturated vapour.

44. Steam enters a turbine at 30 bar, 300°C (u = 2750 kJ/kg, h = 2993 kJ/kg) and exits the
turbine as saturated liquid at 15 kPa (u = 225 kJ/kg, h = 226 kJ/kg). Heat loss to the
surrounding is 50 kJ/kg of steam flowing through the turbine. Neglecting changes in
kinetic energy and potential energy, the work output of the turbine (in kJ/kg of steam) is
_______.
Answer: 2717
Exp: Work output  (2993  226.50)kJ / kg =2717 kJ/kg

51. Refrigerant vapor enters into the compressor of a standard vapor compression cycle at –
10°C (h = 402 kJ/kg) and leaves the compression at 50°C(h = 432 kJ/kg). It leaves the
condenser at 30°C (h = 237 kJ/kg). The COP of the cycle is __________.
Answer: 5.5
Exp: work done=432-402=30 kJ/kg
Refrigerating effect =402-237=165 kJ/kg.
165
COP   5.5
30
53. A mixture of ideal gases has the following composition by mass: N2 O2 CO2
60% 30% 10%
If the Universal gas constant is 8314 J/mol-K, the characteristic gas constant of the mixture
(inJ/kg.K) is _________.
Answer: 274.99
Universal gas constant
Exp: gas constant of mixture, R m 
Average molar mass
8314
100 Rm   274.996J / kg  K
Average molar mass   30.233 kg / kmol 30.233
60 30 10
 
28 32 44
 2015
S K Mondal‟s
55. One side of a wall is maintained at 400 K and the other at 300 K. The rate of heat transfer
through the wall is 1000 W and the surrounding temperature is 25°C. Assuming no
generation of heat within the wall, the irreversibility (in W) due to heat transfer through the
wall is ________.
Answer: 0.833
Exp: Q = 1000W 
Q 
ds wall  
 Stransfer  Sgen, wall
0  T
 Sgen, wall

dt 1000 1000  Sgen, wall  0.833W / K
   Sgen, wall
400 300
 2014
S K Mondal‟s
13. The maximum theoretical work obtainable, when a system interacts to equilibrium with a reference
environment, is called
(A) Entropy (B) Enthalpy (C) Exergy (D) Rothalpy

Answer: (C)

41. 1.5 kg of water is in saturated liquid state at 2 bar (vf = 0.001061 m3/kg, uf = 504.0 kJ/kg, hf = 505 kJ/kg).
Heat is added in a constant pressure process till the temperature of water reaches 400°C

(v = 1.5493 m 3 / Kg , u = 2967.0 kJ/kg, h = 3277.0 kJ/kg). The heat added (in kJ) in the process is _______

Answer: (4155 to 4160)

o ^h - h f h= 1.5 ^3277 - 505h = 4158 kJ
Head added = m

48. A reversible heat engine receives 2 kJ of heat from a reservoir at 1000 K and a certain amount of heat
from a reservoir at 800 K. It rejects 1 kJ of heat to a reservoir at 400 K. The net work output (in kJ) of the
cycle is
(A) 0.8 (B) 1.0 (C) 1.4 (D) 2.0

Answer: (C)
2 + 1
1000 800Q - 400 = 0
Q
= 1 - 1 = 800 = 8
800 400 500 2000 20
Q = 0.4 kJ
Now balancing the energy
2 + Q - 1 = Work ^W h
W = 2 + 0.4 - 1
W = 1.4 kJ

A pure substance at 8 MPa and 400cC

kJ/kg and a specific volume of 0.03432 m3 /kg
_____.
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S K Mondal‟s
13. Which one of the following pairs of equations describes an irreversible heat engine?

Q Q
 A  Q  0 and  0  B  Q  0 and  0
T T

Q Q
 C  Q  0 and  0  D  Q  0 and  0
T T

Answer: (A)
# dq
T
= 0; The cycle is reversible

# dq
T
1 0; The cycle is irreversible and possible

# dq
T
2 0; The cycle is impossible
For an irreversible process heat transfer for a thermodynamic cycle is always
greater than zero so entropy always increases in irreversible cycle so # dq 2 0 .
16. A source at a temperature of 500 K provides 1000 kJ of heat. The temperature of environment is 27 OC.
The maximum useful work (in kJ) that can be obtained from the heat source is_______

Answer: (399 to 401)

41. A certain amount of an ideal gas is initially at a pressure P1 and temperature T1. First, it undergoes a
constant pressure process 1-2 such that T2 = 3T1/4. Then, it undergoes a constant volume process 2-3 such
that T3 = T1/2. The ratio of the final volume to the initial volume of the ideal gas is
(A) 0.25 (B) 0.75 (C) 1.0 (D) 1.5

Answer: (B)

For process (1)-(2)

P1 V1 = P2 V2 (from ideal gas equation)
T1 T2
P1 = P2 constant pressure
V1 = V2
T1 3T
4 2
3
V2 = V1
4
For process (2)-(3) constant volume process
V3 = V2
V3 = V2
V1 V1
= 3 = 0.75
4
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S K Mondal‟s
42. An amount of 100 kW of heat is transferred through a wall in steady state. One side of the wall is
maintained at 127OC and the other side at 27OC. The entropy generated (in W/K) due to the heat transfer
through the wall is _______.

Answer: (80 to 85)

^s2 - s1h = dq + Ts
T ^ hgen
2
Entropy generation # ^Ts hgen = 100 ; 300
1 - 1 E
400
1

^Ts hgen = 0.083 kW/K

0 = b 100 - 100 l + ^Ts hgen
400 300 ^Ts hgen = 83 WaH/K

13. A reversed Carnot cycle refrigerator maintains a temperature of -5OC. The ambient air temperature is
35OC. The heat gained by the refrigerator at a continuous rate is 2.5 kJ/s. The power (in watt) required to
pump this heat out continuously is _______.

Answer: (370 to 375)

TL = 273 + ^- 5h
COP of reversed carnot cycle =
TH - TL ^273 + 35h - ^273 + ^- 5hh

= 268 = 6.7
40
Refrigeration effect
COP =
Power required
2.5 kJ/ sec
= = 6.7
Power
Power = 2.5 # 103 J/ sec = 373.1343 watt
6. 7

41. A closed system contains 10 kg of saturated liquid ammonia at 10°C. Heat addition required to convert
the entire liquid into saturated vapour at a constant pressure is 16.2 MJ. If the entropy of the saturated
liquid is 0.88 kJ/kg.K, the entropy (in kJ/kg.K) of saturated vapour is _______.

Answer: (6.4 to 6.7)

Heat added per kg of ammonia = 16.2 # 1000 kJ = 1650 kJ

10
TQ
^Ts hgen = T = 1620 = 1620 = 5.724 kJ/kg - k
0 ^273 + 10h 283
Entropy of saturated vapour of ammonia
= entropy generation + entropy of saturated liquid ammonia = 5.724 + 0.88
S vap = 6.6043 kJ/kg - k
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S K Mondal‟s

46. Two identical metal blocks L and M (specific heat = 0.4 kJ/kg.K), each having a mass of 5 kg, are initially
at 313 K. A reversible refrigerator extracts heat from block L and rejects heat to block M until the
temperature of block L reaches 293 K. The final temperature (in K) of block M is _______.

Answer: (333 to 335)

For reversible process total entropy change must be zero.

Total entropy change = TS block L + TS block M = 0
T
dq T
dq
c # T m +c # # T m
2 2

T 1L T M 1

T2
293
MCP dT + MCP dT = 0
#
313 T #
313 T T2 = 313 # 313
293
ln T 293
+ ln T T2
=0
313 313 T2 = 334.3651 K
ln 293 + ln T2 = 0
313 313

47. Steam with specific enthalpy (h) 3214 kJ/kg enters an adiabatic turbine operating at steady state with a
flow rate 10 kg/s. As it expands, at a point where h is 2920 kJ/kg, 1.5 kg/s is extracted for heating
purposes. The remaining 8.5 kg/s further expands to the turbine exit, where h = 2374 kJ/kg. Neglecting
changes in kinetic and potential energies, the net power output (in kW) of the turbine is _______.

Answer: (7580 to 7582)

net power output from turbine will be total enthalpy drop of the steam which is
passed through turbine
P =M o 1 6h2 - h1@ + M
o 2 6h 3 - h2@
= 10 63214 - 2920@ + 8.5 62920 - 2374@
= 7581 kJ/ sec
P = 7581 kW
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20. A cylinder contains 5m3 of ideal gas at a pressure of 1 bar. This gas is
compressed in a reversible isothermal process till its pressure increases to 5 bar.
The work in kJ required for this process is
(A) 804.7 (B) 953.2 (C) 981.7 (D) 1012.2
Answer: (A)
P2
Explanations:- P1 V1 ln = wD
P1

5
⇒ wD = 105 × 5 ln   = 804718.95 = 804.71 kJ
1

28. Specific enthalpy and velocity of steam at inlet and exit of a steam turbine,
running under steady state, are as given below:
Specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) Velocity(m/s)
Inlet steam condition 3250 180
Exit steam condition 2360 5
The rate of heat loss from the turbine per kg of steam flow rate is 5 kW.
Neglecting changes in potential energy of steam, the power developed in kW by
the steam turbine per kg of steam flow rate, is
(A) 901.2 (B) 911.2 (C) 17072.5 (D) 17082.5

Answer: (C)
Explanation:
V12 V2
h1 + + dQ = h2 + 2 + dw
2 2

dw = (3250 − 2360 ) +
(180 2
− 52 ) +5
2
= 17072.5 kW

44. The pressure, temperature and velocity of air flowing in a pipe are 5 bar, 500 K
and 50 m/s, respectively. The specific heats of air at constant pressure and at
constant volume are 1.005 kJ/kgK and 0.718 kJ/kgK, respectively. Neglect
potential energy. If the pressure and temperature of the surroundings are 1 bar
and 300 K, respectively, the available energy in kJ/kg of the air stream is
(A) 170 (B) 187 (C) 191 (D) 213
Answer: (B)