Additional Practice Problem (Mid-Sem)

Basic Thermodynamics
Spring (2023-24), Section-4

Practice Problem Set (Mid-sem)
1. The “Mariana Trench” is the deepest oceanic trench on Earth. The maximum known depth is
10,984 metres from sea level. Determine the temperature at which water boils at this depth.
(Assume atmospheric pressure as 101.325 kPa, g = 9.81 m/s2, density of water = 1000 kg/m3)
2. Water at “critical point” is cooled inside a rigid container till the final temperature is 120°C. What
is the final pressure (kPa) and specific volume (m3/kg)?
3. R134a refrigerant exits an insulated throttling valve at temperature, T = -5°C and dryness fraction,
x = 0.3. At the inlet of this valve, the pressure is 1318.1 kPa. What is the temperature of refrigerant
at the inlet of this valve?
4. An ideal gas (molar mass 44 g/mol and γ = 1.3) is kept inside a piston-cylinder assembly at P =
500 kPa and T = 30°C. This gas is expanded isothermally till the final pressure is 100 kPa. What
is the specific work (kJ/kg) and heat transfer (kJ/kg) in this process?
5. 2 kg water at P = 500 kPa and T = 30°C is isothermally heated inside a piston-cylinder assembly
till the final volume is twice the initial volume. Determine the work done (kJ) and heat transfer
(kJ) in this process.
6. Water vapor initially at 10 bar and 400°C is contained within a piston–cylinder assembly. The
water is cooled at constant volume until its temperature is 150°C. This water is then condensed
isothermally to saturated liquid. For the water as the system, evaluate the specific work (kJ/kg).
7. Figure of an insulated converging-diverging

nozzle is shown here. Steam enters this
converging–diverging nozzle operating at steady
state with P1 = 40 bar, T1 = 400°C with a velocity
of 10 m/s. Nozzle is well insulated. At the exit,
P2 = 15 bar and the velocity is 665 m/s. The mass
flow rate is 2 kg/s. Determine the exit area of the
nozzle in m2.
8. Steam enters the condenser of a vapor power plant at 0.1

bar with a quality of 0.95 and exits at 0.1 bar and 45°C.
Cooling water enters this condenser in a separate stream as
a liquid at 20°C and 100 kPa and exits as a liquid at 35°C.
For steady-state operation, determine the ratio of the mass
flow rate of the cooling water to the mass flow rate of the
steam.
9. An air pistol contains compressed air in a small
cylinder, as shown in Fig. Assume that the
volume is 1 cm3, the pressure is 1 MPa, and the
temperature is 27°C when armed. A bullet, with
m = 15 g, acts as a piston initially held by a pin
(trigger); when released, the air expands in an isothermal process (T = constant). If the air
pressure is 0.1 MPa in the cylinder as the bullet leaves the gun, find:
a. the final volume and the mass of air
b. the work done by the air and work done on the atmosphere
c. the work done to the bullet and the bullet exit velocity
10. Two rigid tanks are as shown in figure. Tank A is 0.2 m3 and filled with water at 100 kPa,
50°C and tank B is 0.3 m3 and completely evacuated. The tanks are connected by a pipe with
a closed valve. The valve is opened and water comes to a single uniform state while enough
heat is transferred to both tanks to have a final pressure of 300 kPa. Determine the final
temperature and find the total heat transfer (taking tank A and B as system).
11. Consider two identical piston/cylinder

assemblies (see figure) with air filled inside
them. Initial temperature (T0 ) and volume (V0 )
of air is identical in both cylinders. The piston for
cylinder-1 is initially held in equilibrium by one
block of mass M whereas for cylinder-2 it is
held in equilibrium by two identical blocks each
of mass M . Air in cylinder-1 is slowly expanded
by heating such that the final volume is 3V0 .
During this entire process the block of mass M
was kept on the piston. Air inside cylinder-2 is
expanded suddenly by removing one of the block
of mass M and allowing the piston to come to rest
at equilibrium. The final volume of air in cylinder-2 is also 3V0 . Neglect atmospheric pressure
and assume the piston to be massless. Area of piston for both cases is A. Determine the final
temperature of air and derive mathematical expressions for heat transfer in both cases in terms
of M , A, V0 , γ .
ANSWER KEY:
1. As the hydrostatic pressure of water at the depth of 10,984 m is 1078 bar > Pcrit, phase change
will not occur (supercritical pressure). Hence, boiling point cannot be defined.
2. P = 198.5 kPa, v = vcrit = 0.003155 m3/kg
3. T ≈ 38°C
4. δw = δq = 92.14 kJ/kg
5. δW = 0.00892 kJ, δQ = 0.30892 kJ
6. δw = -145.38 kJ/kg
7. 4.89×10-4 m2
8. 36.297
9. a. 1.16×10-5 kg, b. 2.302 J, c. 13.6 m/s
10. T = 133.55C, δQ = 70475.7 kJ
2 MgVo 2 MgVo
=
11. Cylinder-1 Final temperature: 3T0 , δQ + ,
A ( γ − 1) A
3T0 MgVo 2 MgVo

Cylinder-2 Final temperature: = , δQ +
2 A ( γ − 1) A

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Basic Thermodynamics

Spring (2023-24), Section-4

7. Figure of an insulated converging-diverging

8. Steam enters the condenser of a vapor power plant at 0.1

11. Consider two identical piston/cylinder

2. P = 198.5 kPa, v = vcrit = 0.003155 m3/kg

5. δW = 0.00892 kJ, δQ = 0.30892 kJ

9. a. 1.16×10-5 kg, b. 2.302 J, c. 13.6 m/s

10. T = 133.55C, δQ = 70475.7 kJ

3T0 MgVo 2 MgVo

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