Republic of the Philippines

Cagayan State University

www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

Lesson 8 -Sports in society: Issues and Controversies

Introduction
Learning objectives
Discussion
Sports Are Social Phenomena
 Sports are related to the social and cultural contexts in which we
live
 Sports provide stories & images used to explain & evaluate these
contexts
 Sports provide a window into culture and society

SOCIOLOGY is a tool for studying sports in society

 Sociology provides useful

 Concepts

 Theories

 Research methods

 These tools enable us to “see” behavior as it connected with

history, politics, economics, and social life

CULTURE

Consists of the “ways of life” people create in a group or society

 These ways of life are created and changed as people interact with
each other, as they come to terms with, and even struggle over how
to

 Do things and organize their lives

 Relate to each other

 Make sense out of their experiences

SOCIETY
1| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

A collection of people

 Living in a defined geographical territory

 United through

 a political system

 A shared sense of self-identification that distinguishes them

from other people.

SOCIOLOGY Vs. PSYCHOLOGY

 Psychologists study behavior in terms of attributes & processes that

exist inside individuals

 Sociologists study behavior in terms of the social conditions and

cultural contexts in which people live their lives

SOCIOLOGY may lead to controversial recommendations

 Sociological research may produce findings that suggest changes in

the organization of sports and the organization of social life

 Those who benefit from the status quo may be threatened by these
research findings

Why study sports as social phenomena?

 Sports activities and images are part of people’s lives

 Sports are connected with ideologies in society

 i.e., the “viewpoints” that underlie people’s feelings, thoughts,

and actions

 Sports are connected with major spheres of social life such as:

 family, economy, media, politics, education, & religion

The characteristics of Ideologies are:

2| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

 They are never established “once and for all time”

 They emerge as people struggle over the meaning and organization

of social life

 They are complex and sometimes inconsistent

 They change as power relationships change in society

“Dominant Ideology”

 Represents the perspectives and ideas favored by people who have

power and influence in society

 Dominant ideologies serve the interests of people with power and

influence

Gender Ideology refers to

 A set of interrelated ideas about masculinity, femininity, and

relationships between men and women

 Dominant Gender ldeology consists of prevailing notions of

“common sense” about maleness and femaleness in a group or
society

Why study sports as social phenomena?

Sports are connected with major spheres of social life

 Family

 Economy

 Media

 Politics

 Education

 Religion
3| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

Major Professional Organizations in the Sociology of Sport :

 The International Sociology of Sport Association (ISSA)

 The North American Society for the Sociology of Sport (NASSS)

Disagreements in the Sociology of Sport

 Scholars in the field see themselves as

 Sport sociologists concerned with sport science issues

 Sociologists concerned with social and cultural issues

 Scholars may see themselves as

 professional experts (interested in consulting and the

application of knowledge to improve sports)

 critical sociologists (interested in social & cultural

transformation), or

 knowledge builders (interested in using research to

accumulate knowledge about social life)

SPORT Is Defined by Some Scholars As Activities That Are

 Physical

 Competitive

 Institutionalized

 Motivated by a combination of internal & external rewards

Institutionalization Occurs When

 Rules become standardized

 Official agencies enforce rules

 Organizational & technical aspects of the activity become important

4| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

 Learning game skills becomes formalized

Play vs. Dramatic Spectacle

 Play involves expressive activity done for its own sake; it is often
spontaneous and guided by informal, emergent norms

 Dramatic Spectacle involves performances to entertain an audience

for the purpose of obtaining rewards

An Alternative Approach to Defining Sports:

 Determine what activities are identified as sports in a society

 Determine whose sports count the most when it comes to obtaining

support and resources

SPORTS are contested activities

This means that there are struggles over:

 The meaning, purpose, & organization of sports

 Who will participate and the conditions under which sport

participation occurs

 How sports will be sponsored, and what the reasons for sponsorship
will be

Enrichment activities
Name:______________________________________________Date:______________
Year and section: _______________________________ Score: ______________
Enumeration/Identification: answer what is asked below.

1. __________ study behavior in terms of attributes & processes that

exist inside individuals

2. __________ study behavior in terms of the social conditions and

cultural contexts in which people live their lives

5| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

These ways of life are created and changed as people interact with
each other, as they come to terms with, and even struggle over how
to

3. __________

4. __________

5. __________

The characteristics of Ideologies are:

1. __________

2. __________

3. __________

4. __________

Sports are connected with major spheres of social life

5. __________

6. __________

7. _________

8. _________

9. _________

10. _________

Major Professional Organizations in the Sociology of Sport :

11. __________

12. ___________

Self-Assessment Question
Essay: read the questions and put the answer in space provided.

6| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

1. Identify & understand social problems and social issues associated
with sports

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2. Look beyond scores to see sports as social phenomena

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13. Make informed choices about sport participation and the place
of sports in our lives

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7| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
 Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
www.csu.edu.ph

COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS

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14. Transform sports in progressive ways

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Note: Enrichment activity and self assessment question, Follow this

outline write the questions and answer in a short bond paper write
eligibly deduction in score if not. Take a clear photo of it and submit it
to me!

References:

1. Coakley Jay, (2004). Sports in Society: Issues and Controversies

8th Edition, Pennsylvania State University, McGraw-Hill, 2004

8| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus