DETAIL OF COURSES

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SEMESTER-I

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 DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY (DPT) PROGRAM

SEMESTER-I

SUBJECTS AND STUDY HOURS/SEMESTER

18 weeks

Course Credit
Subjects
Number Hours

DPT-301 ANATOMY – I 3+1

DPT-303 PHYSIOLOGY-I 2+1

DPT-305 KINESIOLOGY-I 2+1

DPT-307 ENGLISH-I (FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH) 3+0

DPT-309 PAKISTAN STUDIES 2+0

DPT-311 BIOSTATISTICS-I 3+0

Total 18

*Semester examination: After a week

*Semester break: Two weeks

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 DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY (DPT) PROGRAM

Semester-I

Distribution of Marks

Course
Subjects Marks
Number

ANATOMY – I (Theory) 100

DPT-301
ANATOMY – I (Viva) 100
PHYSIOLOGY-I (Theory) 100
DPT-303
PHYSIOLOGY-I (Viva) 100
KINESIOLOGY-I (Theory) 100
DPT-305
KINESIOLOGY-I (Viva) 100

DPT-307 ENGLISH-I (FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH) 100

DPT-309 PAKISTAN STUDIES 100

DPT-311 BIOSTATISTICS-I 100

Total 900

Minimum Passing Marks: 50% of the Maximum Marks

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DETAIL OF COURSES
SEMESTER-I

5
 DPT-301 ANATOMY- I CREDIT HOURS 3+1

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
The focus of this course is an in-depth study and analysis of the regional and
systemic organization of the body. Emphasis is placed upon structure and function of
human movement. A comprehensive study of human anatomy with emphasis on the
nervous, musculoskeletal, and circulatory systems is incorporated. Introduction to
general anatomy lays the foundation of the course. Dissection and identification of
structures in the cadaver supplemented with the study of charts, models, prosecuted
materials and radiographs are utilized to identify anatomical landmarks and
configurations of the upper limb and thoracic region.

CELL BIOLOGY
GENERAL ANATOMY:
 Terms related to position and movements
 The skin and subcutaneous tissues
 Layers of skin
 Integuments of skin
 Glands associated with hair follicle
 Microscopic picture of skin

BONES AND CARTILAGES:

 Osteology
 Functions of Bone
 Classification of bones
 Parts of developing long bones
 Blood supply of bones
 Lymphatic vessels & nerve supply
 Rule of direction of nutrient foramen
 Gross structure of long bone
 Surface marking
 Cartilage
 Development of bone and cartilage
 Microscopic picture of cartilage and bone

THE MUSCLE:
 Introduction
 Histological Classification
 Functions of muscles in general
 Type of skeletal muscles
 Parts of skeletal muscle and their action
 Nomenclature.
 Microscopic picture of muscle

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STRUCTURES RELATED TO MUSCLES & BONES:
 Tendons
 Aponeurosis
 Fasciae
 Synovial bursae
 Tendon Synovial sheaths
 Raphaes
 Ligaments
 Condyle
 Epicongyle
 Ridge
 Tuberosity
 Tubercle
 Foramen
 Canal
 Groove
 Process
 Spur

THE JOINTS:
 Introduction
 Functional classifications
 Structural classification
 Structures comprising a Synovial joint
 Movements of joints
 Blood supply of Synovial joints, their nerve supply and lymphatic drainage
 Factors responsible for joint stability.
 Development of joints

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
 Definition
 Division of circulatory system into pulmonary & systemic
 Classification of blood vessels and their microscopic picture
 Heart and its histology
 Function of the Heart
 Anastomosis

NERVOUS SYSTEM:
 Definition
 Outline of cellular architecture
 Classification of nervous system
 Parts of the central nervous system
 Microscopic picture of cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord
 Functional components of a nerve
 Typical spinal nerve
 Microscopic picture of nerve
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  Introduction of autonomic nervous system
 Anatomy of neuromuscular junction

UPPER LIMB
OSTEOLOGY:
 Detailed description of all bones of upper limb and shoulder girdle along their
musculature and ligamentous attachments.
MYOLOGY:
 Muscles connecting upper limb to the axial skeletal
 Muscles around shoulder joint
 Walls and contents of axilla
 Muscles in brachial region
 Muscles of forearm
 Muscles of hand.
 Retinaculam
 Palmar apouenrosis
 Flexor tendon dorsal digital expansion
NEUROLOGY:
 Course, distribution and functions of all nerves of upper limb
 Brachial plexus
ANGIOLOGY (CIRCULATION):
 Course and distribution of all arteries and veins of upper limb.
 Lymphatic drainage of the upper limb
 Axillary lymph node
 Cubital fossa
ARTHROLOGY:
 Acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints
 Shoulder joint
 Elbow joint
 Wrist joint
 Radioulnar joints
 Inter carpal joints
 Joints MCP and IP
 Surface Anatomy of upper limb
 Surface marking of upper limb
DEMONSTARIONS:
 Demonstration on Shoulder joint, attached muscles and articulating surfaces.
 Demonstration on Elbow joint
 Demonstration on Wrist joint
 Demonstration on Radioulnar joint
 Demonstration on MCP and IP joints
 Demonstration on acromioclavicular joint
 Demonstration on sternoclavicular joint
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  Demonstration on Brachial plexus
 Demonstration of blood supply of brain
 Demonstration on Structure of bones

THORAX
STRUCTURES OF THE THORACIC WALL:
 Dorsal spine (Vertebrae)
 Sternum
 Costal Cartilages & Ribs
 Intercostal Muscles
 Intercostal Nerves
 Diaphragm
 Blood supply of thoracic wall
 Lymphatic drainage of thoracic wall
 Joints of thorax

THORACIC CAVITY:
 Mediastinum
 Pleura
 Trachea
 Lungs
 Bronchopulmonary segments
 Pericardium
 Heart – Its blood supply, venous drainage & nerve supply
 Large veins of thorax, superior and in-ferior vena cava., pulmonary veins
brachiocephalic veins
 Large Arteries – Aorta & its branches

PRACTICAL/LABS:
Labs. pertaining to the above topics.
During study of Gross Anatomy, emphasis should be given on applied aspect,
radiological anatomy, surface anatomy and cross-sectional anatomy of the region
covered in the respective semester /year

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Gray’s Anatomy by Prof. Susan Standing 40 th Ed., Elsevier.
2. Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students by Richard Snell. 3rd Ed.
3. Clinically Oriented Anatomy by Keith Moore. 6th Ed.
4. Clinical Anatomy by R. J. Last, 11th Ed.
5. Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy by G. J. Romanes, 15th Ed.,
Vol-III.
6. The Developing Human. Clinically Oriented Embryology by Keith L. Moore,
6th Ed.
7. Wheater’s Functional Histology by Young and Heath, 3rd Ed.
8. Medical Histology by Prof. Laiq Hussain.
9. Neuroanatomy by Richard S. Snell. 6th Ed.
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 DPT-303 PHYSIOLOGY- I CREDIT HOURS 2+1

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

The course is designed to study the function of the human body at the molecular,
cellular, tissue and systems levels. The major underlying themes are: the
mechanisms for promoting homeostasis; cellular processes of metabolism,
membrane function and cellular signaling; the mechanisms that match supply of
nutrients to tissue demands at different activity levels; the mechanisms that match the
rate of excretion of waste products to their rate of production; the mechanisms that
defend the body against injury and promote healing.

These topics are addressed by a consideration of nervous and endocrine regulation

of the cardiovascular, hematopoietic, pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, and
musculoskeletal systems including the control of cellular metabolism. The integrative
nature of physiological responses in normal function and disease is stressed
throughout the course. This course will sever as pre requisite for the further courses
i.e. exercise physiology, pathology, etc.

COURSE OUTLINE:

BASIC AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY:

 Functional organization of human body
 Homeostasis
 Control systems in the body
 Cell membrane and its functions
 Cell organelles and their functions
 Genes: control and function

NERVE AND MUSCLE:

 Structure and function of neuron
 Physiological properties of nerve fibers
 Physiology of action potential
 Conduction of nerve impulse
 Nerve degeneration and regeneration.
 Synapses
 Physiological structure of muscle,
 Skeletal muscle contraction,
 Skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle contraction.
 Neuromuscular junction and transmission,
 Excitation contraction coupling,
 Structure and function of motor unit

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Clinical Module:
1. Perform nerve conduction studies and explain their clinical importance
2. Myopathies and neuropathies
3. Peripheral nerve injuries

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
 Heart and circulation
 Function of cardiac muscle
 Cardiac pacemaker and cardiac muscle contraction
 Cardiac cycle
 ECG: recording and interpretation
 Common arrhythmias and its mechanism of development
 Types of blood vessels and their function
 Haemodynamics of blood flow (local control systemic circulation its
regulation and control). Peripheral resistance its regulation and effect on
circulation
 Arterial pulse
 Blood pressure and its regulation
 Cardiac output and its control
 Heart sounds and murmurs Importance in circulation and control of venous
return.
 Coronary circulation
 Splanchnic, pulmonary and cerebral circulation
 Triple response and cutaneous circulation
 Foetal circulation and circulatory changes at birth

Clinical Module:
1. Clinical significance of cardiac cycle, correlation of ECG and heart sounds to
cardiac cycle
2. Clinical significance of cardiac cycle, interpretation of ischemia and
arrhythmias
3. Effects of hypertension
4. Clinical significance of heart sounds
5. Effects of ischemia
6. Shock
Cardiovascular System examination
 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
 Examination of arterial pulse
 ECG recording and interpretation
 Arterial blood pressure
 Effects of exercise and posture on blood pressure
 Apex beat and normal heart sounds

PRACTICAL/LABS:
Labs. pertaining to the above topics.

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BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Textbook of Physiology by Guyton and Hall, 12th Ed.
2. Review of Medical Physiology by William F. Ganong, 24th Ed.
3. Physiology by Berne and Levy, 6th Ed.
4. Human Physiology: The Basis of Medicine by Gillian Pocock, Christopher D.
Richards Latest Ed.
5. Physiological Basis of Medical Practice by John B. West and Taylor, Latest
Ed.

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 DPT-305 KINESIOLOGY- I CREDIT HOURS 2+1

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course covers the definition of kinesiology as well as its importance in physical
therapy. It identifies the scope of kinesiology and studies its application. It covers the
types of human motions as well as plane and relative axis of motion. It also explains
the inter-relationship among kinematic variables and utilizes this knowledge to
describe and analyze motion. This course additionally covers the classification of the
joints and muscles along their distinguishing characteristics; group action of muscles
arthrokinematics and osteokinematics of human movement.

COURSE OUTLINE:
INTRODUCTION TO KINESIOLOGY
 Definition of kinesiology
 Definition of rehabilitation

MECHANICS:
Mechanical Principles and Mechanics of Position
 Force - force system – Description of units.
 Gravity: Center of gravity and line of gravity
 Level of gravity
 Equilibrium
 Fixation and Stabilization

Mechanics of movement
 Axes /Plane
 Speed
 Velocity
 Acceleration
 Momentum
 Inertia
 Friction
 Lever - types - application
 Pulley - types - application
 Anatomical application of lever system and other pulley system application
 Angle of pull

INTRODUCTION TO MOVEMENT:
 The body levers
 Forces applied to the body levers
 Types of movement and posture
 Patterns of movement
 Timing in movement
 Rhythm of movement
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  The nervous control of movement
STARTING POSITIONS:
 Definition
 Fundamental positions
 Standing
 Kneeling
 Sitting
 Lying
 Hanging
 The pelvic tilt
POSTURE:
 Inactive postures
 Active postures
 The postural mechanism
 The pattern of posture
 Principles of Re- Education
 Techniques of Re-Education
 Prevention of muscles wasting
 The initiation of muscular contraction
 Strengthening methods
 Abnormal postures
MUSCLE STRENGTH AND MUSCLE ACTION:
 Types of Muscles contraction
 Muscles tone
 Physiological application to postural tone
 Group action of muscles
 Overview of muscle structure
 Types of muscle work
 Range of muscle work
 Group action of muscles
 Two joint muscle work
 Active and passive insufficiency
 Group movement of joints
 Muscular weakness and paralysis

PRACTICAL TRAINING/ LAB WORK:

Labs. pertaining to the above topics.
 Fundamentals of muscle testing
 Methods of muscle recording
 Basic muscle grading system
 Evaluation of posture
 Regional upper limb muscle testing as the region is covered in Anatomy I
 Practical demonstrations of muscles work and its ranges
 Practical demonstrations of various fundamental positions and posture
analysis.
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BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Practical exercise therapy by Margaret Hollis 4th Ed.
2. Brunnstrom’s Clinical Kinesiology 5th Ed.
3. Clinical kinesiology and anatomy by Lynn S Lippert
4. Joint structure and function: a comprehensive analysis by: Pamela. K.
Levangie and Cynthia. 3rd Ed.
5. Muscle function testing by: Daniels and Worthingham's. 8th Ed.
6. Human Movement Explain By Kim Jonas And Karenbaker 1st Ed.
7. The principles of exercise therapy by: M. Dena Gardiner, 4th Edition.

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DPT-307 ENGLISH (FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH) CREDIT HOURS 3+0

Objectives:
Enhance language skills and develop critical thinking.

COURSE CONTENTS:
 Basics of Grammar
 Parts of speech and use of articles
 Sentence structure, active and passive voice
 Practice in unified sentence
 Analysis of phrase, clause and sentence structure
 Transitive and intransitive verbs
 Punctuation and spelling.

Comprehension
 Answers to questions on a given text

Discussion
 General topics and every-day conversation (topics for discussion to be at the
discretion of the teacher keeping in view the level of students)

Listening
 To be improved by showing documentaries/films carefully selected by
subject teachers

Translation skills
 Urdu to English

Paragraph writing
 Topics to be chosen at the discretion of the teacher

Presentation skills
 Introduction

Note: Extensive reading is required for vocabulary building.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Practical English Grammar by A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet. Exercises
2.Third edition. Oxford University Press. 1997. ISBN 0194313492
3. Writing. Intermediate by Marie-Christine Boutin, Suzanne Brinand and
Francoise Grellet. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Fourth Impression 1993.
ISBN 0 19 435405 7 Pages 20-27 and 35-41.
4. Reading. Upper Intermediate. Brain Tomlinson and Rod Ellis. Oxford
Supplementary Skills. Third Impression 1992. ISBN 0 19 453402 2.

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DPT-309 PAKISTAN STUDIES CREDIT HOURS 2+0

Introduction/Objectives:
Develop vision of historical perspective, government, politics, contemporary Pakistan,
ideological background of Pakistan. Study the process of governance, national
development, issues arising in the modern age and posing challenges to Pakistan.

COURSE OUTLINE:
Historical Perspective
 Ideological rationale with special reference to Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama
Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
 Factors leading to Muslim separatism
 People and Land
 Indus Civilization
 Muslim advent
 Location and geo-physical features.
 Government and Politics in Pakistan

Political and constitutional phases:

 1947-58
 1958-71
 1971-77
 1977-88
 1988-99
 1999 onward
Contemporary Pakistan
 Economic institutions and issues
 Society and social structure
 Ethnicity
 Foreign policy of Pakistan and challenges
 Futuristic outlook of Pakistan

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Burki, Shahid Javed. State & Society in Pakistan, The Macmillan Press Ltd
1980.
2. Akbar, S. Zaidi. Issue in Pakistan’s Economy. Karachi: Oxford University
Press, 2000.
3. S. M. Burke and Lawrence Ziring. Pakistan‘s Foreign policy: An Historical
analysis. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1993.
4. Mehmood, Safdar. Pakistan Political Roots & Development. Lahore, 1994.
5. Wilcox, Wayne.The Emergence of Banglades., Washington: American
Enterprise, Institute of Public Policy Research, 1972.
6. Mehmood, Safdar. Pakistan Kayyun Toota, Lahore: Idara-e-Saqafat-e-
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 Islamia, Club Road, nd.
7. Amin, Tahir. Ethno - National Movement in Pakistan, Islamabad: Institute of
Policy Studies, Islamabad.
8. Ziring, Lawrence. Enigma of Political Development. Kent England:
WmDawson & sons Ltd, 1980.
9. Zahid, Ansar. History & Culture of Sindh. Karachi: Royal Book Company,
1980.
10. Afzal, M. Rafique. Political Parties in Pakistan, Vol. I, II & III. Islamabad:
National Institute of Historical and cultural Research, 1998.
11. Sayeed, Khalid Bin. The Political System of Pakistan. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin, 1967.
12. Aziz, K.K. Party, Politics in Pakistan, Islamabad: National Commission on
Historical and Cultural Research, 1976.
13. Muhammad Waseem, Pakistan Under Martial Law, Lahore: Vanguard,
1987.
14. Haq, Noor ul. Making of Pakistan: The Military Perspective. Islamabad:
National Commission on Historical and Cultural Research, 1993.

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 DPT-311 BIOSTATISTICS-I CREDIT HOURS 3+0

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
To provide the students with the necessary concepts of statistics to enable them to
realize a research project in the field of Physiotherapy. It involves selection of
appropriate statistical techniques to address questions of medical relevance; select
and apply appropriate statistical techniques for managing common types of medical
data; use various software packages for statistical analysis and data management;
interpret the results of statistical analyses and critically evaluate the use of statistics
in the medical literature; communicate effectively with statisticians and the wider
medical community, in writing and orally through presentation of results of statistical
analyses; explore current and anticipated developments in medical statistics. It is
designed to teach entry-level physical therapy students the fundamentals of reading
and understanding research methods, design, and statistics.
COURSE OUTLINE:

 WHAT IS STATISTICS?
Definition of Statistics, Population, sample Descriptive and inferential Statistics,
Observations, Data, Discrete and continuous variables, Errors of
measurement, Significant digits, Rounding of a Number, Collection of primary
and secondary data, Sources, Editing of Data. Exercises.

 PRESENTATION OF DATA:
Introduction, basic principles of classification and Tabulation, Constructing of a
frequency distribution, Relative and Cumulative frequency distribution,
Diagrams, Graphs and their Construction, Bar charts, Pie chart, Histogram,
Frequency polygon and Frequency curve, Cumulative Frequency Polygon or
Ogive, Historigram, Ogive for Discrete Variable. Types of frequency curves.
Exercises.

 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY:

Introduction, Different types of Averages, Quantiles, The Mode, Empirical
Relation between Mean, Median and mode, Relative Merits and Demerits of
various Averages. properties of Good Average, Box and Whisker Plot, Stem
and Leaf Display, definition of outliers and their detection. Exercises.
Application in Clinical Research

 MEASURES OF DISPERSION:
Introduction, Absolute and relative measures, Range, The semi-Inter-quartile
Range, The Mean Deviation, The Variance and standard deviation, Change of
origin and scale, Interpretation of the standard Deviation, Coefficient of
variation, Properties of variance and standard Deviation, Standardized
variables, Moments and Moments ratios. Exercises. Application in Clinical
Research

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  PROBABILITY AND PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS.
Discrete and continuous distributions: Binomial, Poisson and Normal
Distribution. Exercises. Application in Clinical Research

 SAMPLING AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS:

Introduction, sample design and sampling frame, bias, sampling and non
sampling errors, sampling with and without replacement, probability and non-
probability sampling, Sampling distributions for single mean and proportion,
Difference of means and proportions. Exercises. Application in Clinical
Research

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Walpole, R. E. 1982. ―Introduction to Statistics, 3 rd Ed., Macmillan
Publishing Co., Inc New York.
2. Statistics for Health Care Research: A Practical Workbook, 1 st Edition,
Saunder Publishers.

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