Report and Infographic: Title: Flow Regime
Report and Infographic: Title: Flow Regime
Report and Infographic: Title: Flow Regime
Title:
FLOW REGIME
A fluid is a substance that continually deforms under an applied shear stress, or external force. Fluids are a
phase of matter and include liquids, gases and plasmas. They have two main properties;
FLOW REGIME
Flow regimes are associated with different boundary conditions. Three flow regimes are usually
identified: steady state, pseudosteady state, and transient state. In single-phase flows, flow regime
indicates the velocity distribution of the flow. There are two main types of flow; Laminar Flow and
Turbulent Flow. This type of flow occurs depending on the flow velocity, fluid viscosity and roughness of
the layer above which it flows (Bed roughness).
Addition to these laminar flow does not form eddies and transfer of energy and momentum occurs across
streamlines by molecular diffusion.
In a turbulent flow the fluid undergoes irregular fluctuations. This generates fluid transport that is
perpendicular to the main flow direction. Extremely turbulent masses of water with a very high velocity
form swirling regions in fluid called eddies. Properties of turbulent flow are:
In order to determine whether a fluid is laminar or turbulent Reynolds Number is used. Osborne Reynolds
discovered that the flow regime depends mainly on the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces in the fluid.
This ratio is called the Reynolds number and is expressed for internal flow in a circular pipe as
Re = ρVD/μ
where:
Because of, the kinematic viscosity ν = μ/ρ, the Reynolds number can also be expressed as
R=VD/ν
where:
For flow through non-circular pipes, the Reynolds number is determined based on the hydraulic diameter:
Dh= 4Ac/p
Where:
p: wetted perimeter
FLOW IN PIPES
where,
2Vavg= u maximum
• Hydrodynamically fully developed region- region where velocity profile is fully developed and
remains unchanged.
APPLICATIONS OF FLOW REGIME