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    Lecture #28 Agenda: - Cascade Loop Tuning

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    mathew zep
    The document discusses: 1) Topics for an upcoming lecture including cascade loop tuning, block diagram problems, homework problems, and typical choices for controlling loops. 2) Root locus diagrams and what to look for in them such as symmetric branches and poles and zeros. 3) Examples of tuning a simple feedback loop and cascade loop for a preheater system.

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    Lecture #28 Agenda: - Cascade Loop Tuning

    Uploaded by

    mathew zep
    27 views8 pages
    The document discusses: 1) Topics for an upcoming lecture including cascade loop tuning, block diagram problems, homework problems, and typical choices for controlling loops. 2) Root locus diagrams and what to look for in them such as symmetric branches and poles and zeros. 3) Examples of tuning a simple feedback loop and cascade loop for a preheater system.

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    lecture 12

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    The document discusses: 1) Topics for an upcoming lecture including cascade loop tuning, block diagram problems, homework problems, and typical choices for controlling loops. 2) Root locus diagrams and what to look for in them such as symmetric branches and poles and zeros. 3) Examples of tuning a simple feedback loop and cascade loop for a preheater system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views8 pages

    Lecture #28 Agenda: - Cascade Loop Tuning

    Uploaded by

    mathew zep
    The document discusses: 1) Topics for an upcoming lecture including cascade loop tuning, block diagram problems, homework problems, and typical choices for controlling loops. 2) Root locus diagrams and what to look for in them such as symmetric branches and poles and zeros. 3) Examples of tuning a simple feedback loop and cascade loop for a preheater system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Lecture #28 Agenda

    • Cascade loop tuning


    – Block diagram problem (like homework)
    – Homework problem
    • Typically deadtime diminishes stability
    • Final words about cascade control
    • Typical choices for controlling loops
    • Troubleshooting

    1
    2
    Root locus diagrams for
    preheater example

    3
    What to look for in root locus
    • The root locus diagram is symmetric about
    the real axis.
    • The number of branches of the root locus is
    equal to the order of the characteristic
    equation.
    • The root locus begins at the poles (X) (roots
    of denominator) and ends at the zeroes (O)
    (roots of numerator).

    Simple Feedback Loop Overall


    KCU=4.28; ωU=0.503 rad/sec

    4
    Cascade Loop Overall
    KCU=7.35; ωU=1.52 rad/sec

    15

    10
    15

    5
    Tuning a Cascade Implementation
    • Cascade loop tuning uses our existing skills:
    – Begin: both controllers in manual mode
    – P-Only controller for the inner secondary loop
    – Tune the secondary P-Only controller for set point
    tracking and test it to ensure satisfactory
    performance
    – Leave secondary controller in automatic. Select a
    PI or PID controller for the primary loop, tune it
    for disturbance rejection and test it
    – With both controllers in automatic, tuning is
    complete

    Exploring the Jacketed Reactor


    Process
    • Well mixed vessel with exothermic
    (heat producing) reaction
    • Residence time is constant so
    conversion of feed to product can
    be inferred from the reactor exit
    stream temperature
    • Objective  maintain constant
    measured reactor exit stream
    temperature in spite of jacket inlet
    temperature disturbances

    6
    The Jacketed Reactor
    • To control reactor exit stream
    temperature, the vessel is
    enclosed with a cooling jacket
    • If the exit stream temperature
    (and thus conversion) is high,
    the controller opens a valve to
    increase cooling liquid flow rate
    • This cools the reactor, slowing
    the heat producing reaction
    • The disturbance variable of
    concern is the cooling jacket
    inlet temperature

    Disturbances and the Jacketed


    Reactor
    • Scenario: the temperature of the cooling liquid
    entering the jacket fluctuates, changing the ability of
    the cooling jacket to remove heat
    • If the cooling liquid temperature becomes colder just
    as the reactor temperature starts to fall, the controller
    can lower the cooling liquid flow rate yet be removing
    more heat than before
    • A contradictory result can confound the controller and
    effect disturbance rejection performance

    7
    Cascade Architecture for the
    Jacketed Reactor

    • Outer primary variable remains reactor exit stream temperature


    • Inner secondary variable is cooling jacket outlet temperature

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