1.

  What is a redox reaction?

2.  What is corrosion? Explain its advantage and disadvantage.
3.  What is rancidity? How can we reduce the problem of rancidity?
4.  How is corrosion different from rusting?
5.  What is meant by endothermic and exothermic reactions? Give suitable example for each.
6.  Define different types of chemical reaction and give examples for each.
7.  Why is photosynthesis considered as an endothermic reaction?
8.  In electrolysis of water, why is the volume of gas collected over one electrode double that of the
other electrode?
9.  What happens when water is added to solid calcium oxide taken in a container? Write a chemical
formula for the same.
10.  Give one use of quick lime.
11.  Give three types of decomposition reaction.
2
12.  Name the compound used for testing CO  gas.

1.  The chemical formula of lead sulphate is

     (a)  Pb2SO4
(b)  Pb(SO4)2
(c)  PbSO4
(d)  Pb2(SO4)3
2.  Which information is not conveyed by a balanced chemical equation?
     (a)  Physical states of reactants and products
     (b)  Symbols and formulae of all the substances involved in a particular reaction
     (c)  Number of atoms/molecules of the reactants and products formed
     (d)  Whether a particular reaction is actually feasible or not
3.  Chemically rust is
     (a)  hydrated ferrous oxide
(b)  only ferric oxide
(c)  hydrated ferric oxide
(d)  none of these
4.  Both CO2 and H2 gases are
     (a)  heavier than air
(b)  colourless
(c)  acidic in nature
(d)  soluble in water
5.  Which of the following gases can be used for storage of fresh sampel of an oil for a long time?
     (a)  Carbon dioxide or oxygen
(b)  Nitrogen or helium
     (c)  Helium or oxygen
(d)  Nitrogen or oxygen
6.  The electrolytic decomposition of water gives H2 and O2 in the ratio of
     (a)  1 : 2 by volume
(b)  2 : 1 by volume
(c)  8 : 1 by mass
(d)  1 : 2 by mass
7.  In the decomposition of lead (II) nitrate to give lead (II) oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen gas,
the coefficient of nitrogen dioxide (in the balanced equation) is
     (a)  1
(b)  2
(c)  3
(d)  4
8.  Fatty foods become rancid due to the process of
     (a)  oxidation
(b)  corrosion
(c)  reduction
(d)  hydrogenation
9.  We store silver chloride in a dark coloured bottle because it is
     (a)  a white solid
(b)  undergoes redoc reaction
     (c)  to avoid action by sunlight
(d)  none of the above
10.  Silver article turns black when kept in the open for a few days due to formation of
     (a)  H2S
(b)  AgS
(c)  AgSO4
(d)  Ag2S
11.  When crystals of lead nitrate are heated strongly in a dry test tube
     (a)  crystals immediately melt
(b)  a brown residue is left
     (c)  white fumes appear in the tube
(d)  a yellow residue is left
12.  Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to granulated zinc taken in a test tube. The following
observations are recorded. Point out the correct observation.
     (a)  The surface of metal becomes shining
     (b)  The reaction mixture turns milky
     (c)  Odour of a pungent smelling gas is recorded
     (d)  A colourless and odourless gas is evolved
13.  When carbon dioxide is passed through lime water,
     (a)  calcium hydroxide is formed
(b)  white precipitate of CaO is formed
     (c)  lime water turns milky
(d)  colour of lime water disappears.
14.  When a magnesium ribbon is burnt in air, the ash formed is
     (a)  black
(b)  white
(c)  yellow
(d)  pink
15.  In which of the following, heat energy will be evolved?
     (a)  Electrolysis of water
     (b)  Dissolution of NH4Cl in water
     (c)  Burning of L.P.G.
     (d)  Decomposition of AgBr in the presence of sunlight
16.  Rancidity can be prevented by
     (a)  adding antioxidants
(b)  storing food away from light
     (c)  keeping food in refrigerator
(d)  all of these
17.  The reaction of H2 gas with oxygen gas to form water is an example of
     (a)  combination reaction
(b)  redox reaction
(c)  exothermic reaction
(d)  all of these reactions
18.  The reaction in which two compound exchange their ions to form two new compounds is called
     (a)  displacement reaction
(b)  combination reaction
     (c)  double displacement reaction
(d)  redox reaction
19.  On immersing an iron nail in CuSO4 solution for few minutes, you will observe
     (a)  no reaction takes place
     (b)  the colour of solution fades away
     (c)  the surface of iron nails acquire a black coating
     (d)  the colour of solution changes to green
20.  An element X on exposure to moist air turns reddish-brown and a new compound Y is formed.
The substance X and Y are
     (a)  X = Fe, Y = Fe2O3
(b)  X = Ag, Y = Ag2S
(c)  X = Cu, Y = CuO
(d)  X = Al, Y = Al2O3
Answers
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (b)
10.
6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (c)
(d)
11. 12. 13. 14.
15. (c)
(b) (d) (c) (b)
16. 18. 19.
17. (a) 20. (a)
(d) (c) (d)

Q1.  What happens chemically when quick lime is added to water?

Q2.  How will you test for the gas which is liberated when HCL reacts with an active metal?
Q3.  What is an oxidation reaction? Is it exothermic or endothermic? Give one example of oxidation
Reaction.
Q4.  Give an example of photochemical reaction.
Q5.  Give an example of a decomposition reaction. Describe any activity to illustrate such a reaction
by heating.
Q6.  Why is respiration considered as exothermic process?
Q7.  Balance the following chemical equation.
           Fe(s) +H2O(g) = Fe3O4 + H2(g)
           MnO2 + HCL = MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
           HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 = Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
Q8.  On what basis is a chemical equation balanced?
Q9.  State any two observations in an activity suggesting the occurrence of a chemical reaction.
Q10.  Name a reducing agent which may be used to obtain manganese from manganese dioxide.
Q11.  What change in colour is observed when silver chloride is left exposed to sunlight? Also
mention the type of chemical reaction.
Q12.  Define a combination reaction. Give one example of an exothermic combination reaction.
Q13.  What is observed when a solution of potassium iodide is added to lead nitrate solution?
              What type of reaction is this? Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
Q14.  Distinguish between an exothermic and an endothermic reaction.
Q15.  Distinguish between a displacement and a double displacement reaction.
Q16.  Identify the type of reaction in the following:
              Fe + CuSO4(aq) = FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
              2H2 + O2 = 2H2O
Maximum time- 45 minutes
1.  Explain the process of corrosion and rusting. (2 marks)
2.  How is exothermic reaction different from an endothermic reaction? (3 marks)
3.  Explain four different types of chemical reaction with suitable examples. (8 marks)
4.  How do we balance a chemical equation? (4 marks)
5.  Why are oil and fat containing food items flushed with nitrogen? (3 marks)
6.  What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reaction? Give suitable
chemical equations for the same. (3 marks)
7.  Give two uses of quick lime. (2 marks)
8.  What is electrolytic decomposition? (2 marks)
9.  Identify the following type of reactions:-
               ▪  Na2SO4 + BaCL2 = BaSO4 + 2NaCL
               ▪  CaCO3 = CaO + CO2
               ▪  Fe + CuSO4 = FeSO4 + Cu (3 marks)

SYLLABUS
Their definitions in term of furnishing of H+ and OH- ions, General properties, examples and uses,
Concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not required), Importance of pH in everyday life;
Preparation and uses of Sodium hydroxide, Bleaching powder, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris.
Facts that Matter
Acids : Acids are sour in taste, turn blue litmus to red, dissolve in water to release H+ ions.
E.g., vinegar, hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid.
            •   Reaction with Metal
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
e.g., 2HCl + Zn → ZnCl2 + H2
            •   Reaction with Metal carbonate
Acid + Metal carbonate → Salt + CO2 + H2O
e.g., 2HCl + Na2CO3 → 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
            •   Reaction with Metal hydrogen carbonate
Acid + Metal hydrogen carbonate Salt + CO2 + H2O
e.g. HCl + NaHCO3 → NaCl + H2O + CO2
            •   Reaction with Metallic oxide
Acid + Metal oxide → Salt + Water
e.g. 2HCl + CuO → CuCl2 + H2O
            •   Acids in water:
Acids produce H+ ions when dissolved in water. H+ ions cannot exist alone. They combine with water
molecule (H2O) to form H3O+ (hydronium ions). It conducts electricity.
            •   Decrease in H30+ ions concentration per unit volume results in formation of dilute acids.
            •   It is a highly exothermic reaction.
Acids when dissolved in water release large amount of heat. If water is added to concentrated acid
then the heat generated may cause the mixture to splash out and cause bums. Hence to avoid burns
acid must be added drop wise into water with constant stirring. So that the heat generated spreads
over in water.
strong acids → release more H+ ions → HCl
weak acids → releases less number of H+ ions → acetic acid
strong base → give more OH– ions → NaOH
weak base → gives less OH– ions → CH3COOH
Bases: Bases are bitter in taste, turns red litmus to blue and when dissolved in water releases OH–
ions;
e.g., NaOH and KOH.
            •   Reaction with metal
            Base + Metal → Salt + H2 gas
e.g., 2NaOH + Zn → Na2ZnO2 + H2
This reaction is possible only with reactive metals like sodium and potassium.
            •   Reaction with non-metallic oxide
            Base + Non-metallic oxide → Salt + H2O
Bases in water → Bases produce OH– ions when dissolved in water. Bases soluble in water are
called alkalis. It conducts electricity.
            •   Decrease in OH– ions single concentration per unit volume results in formation of dilute
bases.
            •   It is a exothermic reaction.
To make basic solution, base must be added drop wise into water with constant stirring, so that the
heat generated spreads over in water.
Indicators: Indicators are those substances which tell us whether a substance is acidic or basic by
change in colour. For e.g., litmus solution.
            •   Olfactory indicators: Those substances whose odour changes in acidic or basic media are
called lfactory indicators. For e.g., clove, vanilla, onion.
            •   Natural indicators: Turmeric, litmus (obtained from lichen)
            •   Synthetic indicators: Methyl orange, phenolphthalein.
Indicator Acids Bases
remains turns
1. Red litmus
red blue
remain
2. Blue litmus turns red
s blue
3.
colourles
Phenolphthalei pink
s
n
4. Methyl
red yellow
orange
1.  Why is Plaster of Paris stored in a moisture proof container?
2.  What do you mean by neutralization reaction? Give two examples.
3.  Mention two uses of baking soda and washing soda.
4.  Why does a milkman add a small amount of baking soda to fresh milk to shift the pH of fresh milk
from 6 to slightly alkaline?
5.  Why do acids not show acidic behavior in the absence of water?
6.  Rain water conducts electricity but distilled water does not. Why?
7.  Why don’t we keep sour substances in brass and copper vessels?
8.  What is the common name of CaOCl2?
9.  Name the compound used for softening hard water.
10.  What happens when baking soda is heated?
11.  Give the properties and uses of bleaching powder.
12.  Give a few uses of acids, bases and salts respectively.
1.  Which one of the following is acidic?
(a) Lemon juice    (b) Tomatoes    (c) Milk    (d) All
2.  Which one of the following will turn red litmus blue?
(a) Vinegar    (b) Baking soda solution    (c) Lemon juice    (d) Soft drinks
3.  Which one of the following will turn blue litmus red?
(a) Vinegar    (b) Lime water    (c) Baking soda solution    (d) Washing soda solution
4.  Methyl orange is
(a) Pink in acidic medium, yellow in basic medium
(b) Yellow in acidic medium, pink in basic medium
(c) Colourless in acidic medium, pink in basic medium
(d) Pink in acidic medium, colourless in basic medium.
5.  Lime water is
(a) CaO    (b) Ca(OH)2    (c) CaCO3    (d) CaCI2
6.  The nature of calcium phosphate is present in tooth enamel is
(a) Basic    (b) Amphoteric    (c) Acidic    (d) Neutral
7.  Which of the following salts has no water of crystallization?
(a) Blue vitriol    (b) Washing soda    (c) Baking soda    (d) Gypsum
8.  The function of quick lime in soda lime mixture is to
(a) Absorb moisture present in soda lime
(b) Increase the efficiency of soda lime
(c) Increase the pH of soda lime
(d) Take part in reaction with NaOH
9.  The Ph of a solution of HCL is 4. This shows that the molarity of the solution is
(a) 4.0M    (b) 0.4M    (c) 0.0001M    (d) 0.001M
10.  The difference of molecules of water in gypsum and PoP is
(a)5/2    (b) 2b    (c) 3/2    (d) ½
11.  Which of the following does not form an acidic salt?
(a) Phosphoric acid    (b) Carbonic acid    (c) Hydrochloric acid    (d) Sulphuric acid
12.  The chemical formula of caustic potash is
(a) NaOH    (b) Ca(OH)2    (c) NH4OH    (D) KOH
ANSWERS
    1.    (d)
    2.    (b)
    3.    (a)
    4.    (a)
    5.    (b)
    6.    (a)
    7.    (c)
    8.    (a)
    9.    (a)
    10. (c)
    11. (b)
    12. (d)

1.  How will you test for a gas which is liberated when HCL reacts with an active metal?      (CBSE
2008)
2.  What is baking powder? How does it make the cake soft and spongy?      (CBSE 2008)
3.  When fresh milk is changed into curd will its pH value increase or decrease? Why?
4.  Give Arrhenius definition of an acid and a base.      (CBSE 2009)
5.  What happens chemically when quick lime is added to water?      (CBSE 2008)
6.  Name the gas evolved when dilute HCL reacts with Sodium hydrogen carbonate. How is it
recognized?      (CBSE 2008)
7.  How does the flow of acid rain water into a river make the survival of aquatic life in the river
difficult?      (CBSE 2008)
8.  How is the pH of a solution of an acid influenced when it is diluted?      (CBSE 2008 F)
9.  How does the pH of the solution change when a solution of base is diluted?      (CBSE 2008 F)
10.  Arrange these in increasing order of their pH values- NaOH, blood, lemon juice.      (CBSE 2008
F)
11.  Two solutions of A and B have pH values of 5 and 8. Which solution will be basic in
nature?      (CBSE 2008 C)
12.  Why does tooth decay start when pH of mouth is lower than 5.5?      (CBSE 2009)
13.  What would be the colour of litmus in a solution of sodium carbonate?      (CBSE 2009)
14.  Name the products obtained when sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated. Write the chemical
equation for the same.      (AI CBSE 2009)
15.  Write the chemical formula of washing soda and baking soda. Which one of these two is an
ingredient of antacids? How does it provide relief in stomachache?      (CBSE 2008 F)
16.  What do you mean by �water of crystallization� of a substance? Describe an activity to show
that blue copper sulphate crystals contain water of crystallization.      (CBSE 2009 F)
17.  How can washing soda be obtained from baking soda? Name an industrial use of washing soda
other than washing clothes.      (AI CBSE 2008)
18.  Why does 1 M HCL solutions have a higher concentration of H+ ions than 1M CH3COOH
solution?      (AI CBSE 2009)
1.  Name two constituents of baking power.      (1 mark)
2.  What is universal indicator?      (1 mark)
3.  Name the chemicals that can be made of common salt      (1 mark)
4.  Why does cake become fluffy after adding baking soda?      (1 mark)
5.  Write the pH value, after which teeth start decaying?      (1 mark)
6.  State some uses of baking soda?      (2 marks)
7.  How is the concentration of hydroxide ions      (OH-) affected when excess base is dissolved in a
solution of sodium hydroxide?      (2 mark)
8.  Name the gas evolved when dilute sulphuric acid acts on sodium carbonate.Write the chemical
equation for the reaction involved.      (2 mark)
9.  What are the properties and uses of bleaching powder?(3 marks)
10.  Write a chemical formula to represent the action of atmospheric CO2 gas on bleaching powder
when left exposed in open.      (2 marks)
11.  What happens when quick lime is added to water?      (2 marks)
12.  Write any two properties of acids.      (2 marks)