BIM and GIS for the Built Environment

Lifecycle standard as an integrating framework

Dr Väino Tarandi
Professor, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

Stockholm 2016-05-19
Agenda
• The Lab – goals
• BIM and GIS – how they integrate
• Integration of actors, processes and information
o Standardization
o Collaboration
o Concepts, topology and life cycle
o Heterogeneous models
• Standards
o IFC – buildings, alignment, roads, bridges, ….
o PLCS – life cycle support
• Applying PLCS
o Import of multiple heterogeneous models
o Export of selected parts
• Case studies / experiments
• Conclusions
The Lab
Sustainable Urban Collaboration Hub - SUCH

Source: Pouryia Parsanezhad, KTH

Purpose, goals and challenges (Lab)
The main purpose with establishing the BIM
Collaboration Lab is to perform advanced
research and development on through life
support
• The vision of the unbroken information-
flow when using BIM and GIS
• open data – i.e.
o Computable
o Object oriented, structured
o Understandable – common concepts!
o Standardized – international if possible
 BIM, what is that?
BIM (Building Information Model / Modeling)

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is defined as a technology to create,

communicate and analyse Building Information Models (BIM).
• Building models contain digital objects representing
buildings and infrastructural complexes with related
spaces, building elements and components.
• The objects can be associated with computable
geometry, spatial information, data attributes and
parametric rules.
• The digital objects contain data that describe all
relevant characteristics for analyses and work
processes needed to perform controls and simulations
of the functions and processes of the represented
construction entities over their whole lifecycle.
(Eastman, et al. 2011, p 16).

BIM Handbook, second edition, Chuck Eastman, et al., John Wiley (2011)
 Information for a building element
Identification (and Classification) Locations
IfcWall: Basiswand:MW 17.5:98046
GUID: 3G_7N62zbD$BUYR_Q8WHAt

Properties

Documents(link)

Relations
Geometry
 Why standards? - Rates of Change

Life of Operating System: 18 months

Life of Computer: 3 years

Time between CAD Versions: 6 months

Life of CAD System: 10 years

Life of Product: 70 years +

time

3. Our view on Req Mgmt, CM and PLM

Collaboration - Principles
Single system environment
+ Configuration management, tracing, etc
− High initial cost
− No room for best of breed
− Impossible to impose in collaboration
Separate systems joined in point-to-point transfer
+ Low initial cost for integration
+ Best of breed system selection Std-

−
format
Impossible configuration management, tracing, etc
− No information control and assurance
− High cost of ownership
Separate systems joined in via information hub
+ Configuration management, tracing, etc
+ Low initial cost
+ Information control and Std-format
assurance also across the EE
+ Best of breed system selection

Source: Tarandi, V., 2010, http://www.inpro-project.eu/publications.asp

Building Information Modelling

Data creation Data exchange Data management

Object-based Model-based

Network-based

0 1 2 3
Source: Bilal SUCCAR, Building Information Modelling Framework
Interoperability through standards

Building Information Model

“open BIM”

Digital Storage - IFC

(ISO 16739) PLCS (ISO 10303-239)
CityGML
LandXML

Source: buildingSMART, http://www.ifd-library.org

Lifecycle + breakdown with topology

Objectified topological relation

(with effectivity)

Life cycle phases

Through life support

(incl. versioning)
Product breakdown [PLCS ISO 10303:239]
[ISO 12006-2]
Integration of standards for buildings and
infrastructure

Through Life Support - PLCS

Alignment InfraGML
Ifc, simple ifcXML,
LandXML

Net-work LandXML
ISO 191xx Common
based concepts
(NVDB, Inspire,
etc.)
Ifc,
simple ifcXML

XML…. XML….
Heterogeneous data models mapped to PLCS

InfraGML
Alignment
Road, Railway
Bridge
 Using PLCS and IFC (& more)

PLCS IFC

» ISO 10303-239 » ISO 16739:2013

− Change Management − Building element
− Versioning − Material
− Consolidation − Property
− Requirement − Geometry
− Product as realized − Placement
− Maintenance

Other domain specific stds

- LandXML. CityGML, …
openBIM

» No single software can manage all the necessary information

» For information sharing open standards and standardized
interfaces are needed
» IFC is today the only available open and international
standard for BIM
IFC2x3
Geometry (explicit) Relations between
B-rep Building Elements
CSG
Wall Connections
Holes
Chases
Geometry (Sweep) Zones
volume - extrusion, rotation
areas - extrusion, rotation Spaces and
Spatial Structure
Space
Topology Building Storey
element connectivity, Building
schematic design Building Site

Building Elements Site and Terrain

Walls, Openings, Doors Model
Roofs, Stairs, Ramps, etc. Site
Site attributes

Source: buildingSMART, http://buildingsmart.be.no:8080/buildingsmart.com/organization

Product Life Cycle Support (PLCS)
Introduction
»A joint industry and government
initiative to accelerate development of
new standards for product support
information
»An international project to produce an
approved ISO standard within 4 years
− Commenced November 1999
− PLCS, Inc closed down 2004
− Standard published in 2005
»PLCS will ensure support information
is aligned to the evolving product
definition over the entire life cycle
»PLCS extends ISO 10303 STEP - the
STandard for Exchange of Product
model data
 The PLCS way: PDM core (from STEP)
The Product i.e. Its version(s) The context/view
» Notions the thing to (displipline + life cycle
− Product: manage stage)

» A “thing”, something to
manage
» Product / version / definition

Wall 231 v1 “Architecture Design”

v2 “Architecture Design”

“Structural
Design”

Product
Ex: The Wall with the identifier 231 has 2 versions
Product_version v1 and v2.
V1 exists in the architure design view, v2 exists in
Product_view_definition
the architecture design and structural design views

COPYRIGHT EUROSTEP GROUP

 The PLCS way: PDM core (from STEP)
» Notions
Wall 231 v1 “Architecture Design”
− Assembly / structure / breakdowns
− Effectivity controlled

”parent”
relating
Assembly_usage
can be classified as
“IfcRelNests” for instance

Opening v2 “Architecture
ABC Design”

Effectivity
start_date
(end_date)
Dated_effectivity

• Assembly relationships in PLCS are subtypes of view_definition_

View_definition_relationship
relationship. This enable to define assembly in the context of a view.
Product
• In this example, the version v1 of the Wall 231 is nested by the
version v2 of the Opening ABC in the “Architecture Design” view
Product_version
• If we now assign an effectivity on the assembly relationship, we
Product_view_definition can control the validity of this structure.
• It could be a proposed start date to indicate a proposal.
COPYRIGHT EUROSTEP GROUP
The PLCS high level model
 SPECIFICATIONS
• R1: Productivity
• R2: Low Energy Consumption
• R3: Equipment Energy Consumption

BRIEFS &
• R4: Heating Energy Consumption – 90 [kWh/m2]

Req

R1
R2
R3
R4

Share-A-space (PLCS)

DECISIONS
VIEWER & CHECKER LOGGING &
(Solibri Model Checker) TRACKING

Function Physical
Requirement System Zone
Element
 • R2: Low Energy Consumption
SYSTEMS
• F3: Ventilation
ENGINEERING
• Vent1: Ventilation system

Req Func Sys

R1 F1 Vent1
R2 F2 Stru 1
R3 F3 Vert 1
R4 F4 Hor 1

Share-A-space (PLCS)

DECISIONS
VIEWER & CHECKER LOGGING &
(Solibri Model Checker) TRACKING

Function Physical
Requirement System Zone
Element
 CAD
CAD
• Building A: Import of Arch early design
• Slabs: Import of Structural early design

DRAWINGS
2D
NEUTRAL
FORMAT (IFC)

Type
Req Func Sys Proj 1 Walls

Build A Wall 1
R1 F1 Vent1 Wall 2
Floor A:1
R2 F2 Stru 1 Door 1
Floor A:2
R3 F3 Vert 1
Room 1
Slabs
R4 F4 Hor 1
Slab 1
Slab 2
Share-A-space (PLCS)

DECISIONS
VIEWER & CHECKER LOGGING &
(Solibri Model Checker) TRACKING

Function Physical
Requirement System Zone
Element
 CAD
CAD
CONSTRUC-
TION & FM

DRAWINGS
2D
NEUTRAL

DOCUMENTS
IFC ++
FORMAT (IFC)

Type
Req Func Sys Proj 1 Walls

Build A Wall 1
R1 F1 Vent1 Wall 2
Floor A:1
R2 F2 Stru 1 Door 1
Floor A:2 Individual
R3 F3 Vert 1
Room 1
Slabs
R4 F4 Hor 1
Slab 1
Slab 2
Share-A-space (PLCS)

DECISIONS
VIEWER & CHECKER LOGGING &
(Solibri Model Checker) TRACKING

Function Physical
Requirement System Zone
Element
LINKING REQUIREMENTS • Linking R4: Heating Energy
TO DESIGN Consumption – 90 [kWh/m2] to Room 1

Type
Req Func Sys Proj 1 Walls

Build A Wall 1
R1 F1 Vent1 Wall 2
Floor A:1
R2 F2 Stru 1 Door 1
Floor A:2 Individual
R3 F3 Vert 1
Room 1
Slabs
R4 F4 Hor 1
Slab 1
Slab 2
Share-A-space (PLCS)

DECISIONS
VIEWER & CHECKER LOGGING &
(Solibri Model Checker) TRACKING

Function Physical
Requirement System Zone
Element
 • Climate and Energy simulation SIMULATIONS

Type
Req Func Sys Proj 1 Walls

Build A Wall 1
R1 F1 Vent1 Wall 2
Floor A:1
R2 F2 Stru 1 Energy= 87 Door 1
Floor A:2 Individual
R3 F3 Vert 1
Room 1
Slabs
R4 F4 Hor 1
Slab 1
Slab 2
Share-A-space (PLCS)

DECISIONS
VIEWER & CHECKER LOGGING &
(Solibri Model Checker) TRACKING

Function Physical
Requirement System Zone
Element
VALIDATION • R4: Heating Energy Consumption – 90 [kWh/m2]

Type
Req Func Sys Proj 1 Walls

Build A Wall 1
R1 F1 Vent1 Wall 2
Floor A:1
R2 F2 Stru 1 Energy= 87 Door 1
Floor A:2 Individual
R3 F3 Vert 1
Room 1
Slabs
R4 F4 Hor 1
Slab 1
Slab 2
Share-A-space (PLCS)

DECISIONS
VIEWER & CHECKER LOGGING &
(Solibri Model Checker) TRACKING

Function Physical
Requirement System Zone
Element
Mapping of instances of data model X to PLCS
and linking them to existing structure
 BIM Collaboration Hub
Business processes

Information
systems Train
Train
Portal System A System B System C System D System E MateX
System
Mate

Information
Standardized interfaces
modells
Information
Document BIM Coll Hub data Reference
Mgmt System database

City
Block
Building
Room
Road
.....
Case studies / experiments

• The BIM Collaboration Hub is now built to

support collaboration research based on
both input from academia and industry.
• Experiments will be used to simulate a situation
where organizations collaborate with
integrated lifecycle support.
• First tests of experiments have been carried
out
Solibri Model Checker

IFC

Swedish network std

IFC

LandXML
Swedish Road and
Railroad Network std

LandXML

All geometry mapped to IFC/STEP-std

Detailed Designed Building Roof Version 1
Detailed Designed Building Roof Version 2
Planned construction

Klick on figure for video

Master Thesis 2015 - Eskilstuna
From the Municipality
Analyses

Teknisk analys
» Hur kommuner kan effektivisera detaljplaneprocessen med
hjälp av Share-A-space och integrerad information
» Fördelar med att kunna se hur området förändras över tid

Social analys
» Underlätta social analyser i kommunal planering genom att
integrera information i Share-A-Space och göra kopplingar
som i ett tidigare skede indikerar eventuella risker och
kritiska aspekter.
The Munktell city
Links and nodes
Structures in the city
Extra material – a short animation

Klick on figure for video

Conclusion
• These slides present the functionalities of the
recently developed BIM Collaboration Lab at KTH
• It proposes a collaboration model for
sustainable information practices
• The whole built environment will be in the
scope of the lab research, and use cases /
experiments supporting new processes will be
identified.
 Thank you!

For more information:

[email protected]

[email protected]