CONSTRUCTION OF

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

IMPLANT TRAINING REPORT

Submitted by

ABDUL BASITH P
(16103112)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the

degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

CIVIL ENGINEERING

HINDUSTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Accredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC

An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai.

COIMBATORE 641 032

OCTOBER 2019
CHAPTER NO. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i

INSTITUTION LETTER ii

CERTIFICATE FROM INDUSTRY iii

ABSTRACT iv

LIST OF FIGURES v

1. INTRODUCTION 6

Profile of the Industry About the ongoing Project.

2. TRAINING DETAILS 8

2.1 Day to Day Activities

3. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 22

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are greatly bounded to our chairman, Thiru. T.S.R.Khannaiyan

secretary and correspondent Tmt. Sarasuwathy Khannaiyan for having
provided us with ample facilities to fulfill this task.

A word of special thanks is extended to our respected Advisor,

Dr. S. Annadurai, M.E., Ph.D., for Hindusthan College of Engineering and

Technology, Coimbatore, for approving this implant training.

We also express our heartily thanks to our adored principal

Dr. T. Kannadasan, M.Tech., Ph.D., for his heart full advices and carte
blanche to do this project in our college.

The tribute of our crew is honoured to our adorded Head of Civil

Engineering Department Dr. K. Akil, M.E., Ph.D., and we acknowledge with
pleasure the constant encouragement and moral supporting during the course of
implant training.

We are delighted and pleasure to extend our sincere gratitude to our

implant training coordinators Mr. V. Suresh, M.E., and
Mr. R. Partha Saarathi, M.E., Assistant Professor in department of Civil
Engineering for this enduring guidance with full fledged support of this implant
training work with his astonishing view and paved the way for our prosperous
future life.

i
INSTITUTION LETTER

ii
CERTIFICATE FROM INDUSTRY

iii
 ABSTRACT

 The main aim of the report is to present the fundamental aspects of

practical requirements and method of construction.
 This report consists of brief study and description of planning and
execution of residential building.
 During the period of industrial training , I learned about all sections
in planning, estimation, execution methods and safety precautions.

 This report is an im-plant report submitted in requirements for the

B.E. civil engineering as per norms of Hindusthan College of
engineering and technology Coimbatore.

 The report consists of brief study and description of materials,

equipment, procedures used at the site.

 The main objective of the report is to present the fundamental

aspects of practical requirements.

iv
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIG NO. TITLE PAGENO

1.1 PLAN 7

2.1 PLINTH 8

2.2 BELT CONCRETE 10

2.3 CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING WALL 12

2.4 LINTEL WORK 15

2.5 CENTERING WORK 18

2.6 ROOF SLAB CONCRETING 20

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 22

\ v
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

PROFILE OF THE INDUSTRY

The company's name is METRO TECH ENGINEERING AND

CONTRACTORS, the company is running by Kunjalan.A (PWD Engineer) kulathur via
Malappuram, Kerala pin: 679338 the project is on villas project.

ABOUT THE ONGOING PROJECT

It is a residential building project at Malappuram . The metro tech builders started this
project of making four villas for a gated community. The project is at Malappuram district of
Kerala state.

Each villa is consist of 2350 sqft which is of 10 cent each, the villas are contemporary style in
nature

They project complete duration is 6 months.

The construction is done by using bricks and metals

6
LAYOUT OF A VILLA

FIG .1.1.PLAN

7
 CHAPTER 2
TRAINING DETAILS:
DAY 1:

The construction started by clearing the land surface and builded a plinth using rocks

After finishing the plinth work they will fill the soil back to the plinth gaps it will take almost
one week for settlement of soil

FIG .2.1 PLINTH

Cement mortar is used to build basement. Fill gaps from both sides. After completing this, fill
inner space of rooms with read earth. During all construction stages watering is a must. This will
help curing of cement. Pour water on the earth filled portion also. This will help to set the earth
properly. It is good if there is rain on this stage. Give a gap of one or two weeks to start next
works.

8
FIG.2.1.1

9
DAY 5:

FIG.2.2 BELT CONCRETE

After finishing foundation and basement, we have to give a concrete belt on the top of basement.
Here use steel bars. This will redistribute weight of the whole building towards all over the
basement and foundation. We construct this on 1.5 feet wide basement. We have to give 9 inches
width for this. I am going to use 6 inches cement block, so the width of belt is 9 inches. See the
photo below to know how to put steel bars and wooden construct for filling concrete.

10
 FIG .2.2.1

FIG.2.2.2

No need to fill earth up to the level of belt concrete. But put some more earth and after pouring
water this level become down.

11
DAY 12:

They used solid cement blocks. There are merits and demerits. Cement block have 6
inches width while clay bricks (ishtika) have 9 inches. Felt 6 inches is very thin for the wall. It is
better to have 9 inches minimum. Wall constructed at a height of 7 feet. Since river sand is very
difficult and expensive to buy I used Pobsons Msand. This type of sand is very good for
concreting. But to make cement mortar, (chaanth) mix it with river sand. Msand have more big
grains along with small ones. Masons are usually reluctant to touch cement with hands, as it may
damage their skin. What they do is add less water to cement mortar. This is not recommendable.
Tell them to use appropriate wooden pieces to touch cement instead of using fingers.

FIG .2.3. CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING WALL

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.

FIG.2.3.1

A lintel is a beam placed across the openings like doors, windows etc. in buildings to support the
load from the structure above. The width of lintel beam is equal to the width of wall, and the
ends of it is built into the wall. Lintels are classified based on their material of construction.

13
FIG.2.3.2

14
DAY 14:

FIG .2.4 LINTEL WORK

Types of Lintel used in Building Construction

Lintels are classified based on the material of construction as:

1. Timber Lintel

In olden days of construction, Timber lintels were mostly used. But now a days they are replaced
by several modern techniques, however in hilly areas these are using. The main disadvantages
with timber are more cost and less durable and vulnerable to fire.

15
If the length of opening is more, then it is provided by joining multiple number of wooden pieces
with the help of steel bolts which was shown in fig (a). In case of wider walls, it is composed of
two wooden pieces kept at a distance with the help of packing pieces made of wood. Sometimes,
these are strengthened by the provision of mild steel plates at their top and bottom, called as
flitched lintels.

2. Stone Lintel

These are the most common type, especially where stone is abundantly available. The thickness
of these are most important factor of its design. These are also provided over the openings in
brick walls. Stone lintel is provided in the form of either one single piece or more than one piece.

The depth of this type is kept equal to 10 cm / meter of span, with a minimum value of 15 cm.
They are used up to spans of 2 meters. In the structure is subjected to vibratory loads, cracks are
formed in the stone lintel because of its weak tensile nature. Hence caution is needed.

3. Brick Lintel

These are used when the opening is less than 1m and lesser loads are acting. Its depth varies
from 10 cm to 20 cm, depending up on the span. Bricks with frogs are more suitable than normal
bricks because frogs when filled with mortar gives more shear resistance of end joints which are
known as joggled brick lintel.

4. Reinforced Brick Lintel

These are used when loads are heavy and span is greater than 1m. The depth of reinforced brick
lintel should be equal to 10 cm or 15 cm or multiple of 10 cm. the bricks are so arranged that 2 to
3 cm wide space is left length wise between adjacent bricks for the insertion of mild steel bars as
reinforcement. 1:3 cement mortars is used to fill up the gaps.

Vertical stirrups of 6 mm diameter are provided in every 3rd vertical joint. Main reinforcement is
provided at the bottom consists 8 to 10 mm diameter bars, which are cranked up at the ends.

16
5. Steel Lintel

These are used when the superimposed loads are heavy and openings are large. These consist of
channel sections or rolled steel joists. We can use one single section or in combinations
depending up on the requirement.

When used singly, the steel joist is either embedded in concrete or cladded with stone facing to
keep the width same as width of wall. When more than one units are placed side by side, they are
kept in position by tube separators.

FIG.2.4.1

17
DAY 17:

FIG.2.5 CENTERING WORK

Putting wooden pieces (shuttering) to give support for roof concrete. Instead of laying wooden
pieces completely, we put wooden planks like this and lay thick iron sheets. That is the new
trend. Do not forget to give enough support below with supporting posts (centering).

18
 FIG.2.5.1

Put PVC pipes for electrical lines which is used for electrification on ceilings..

19
DAY 28:

Roof concreting is considered as one of the main work regarding building construction. Whole
part of decided concreting should be finished at a stretch without break. So every materials
required should be collected prior to the concreting. Enough workers should be there. Concrete
mixer and vibrator is needed. Enough water should be collected in water tanks.

FIG.2.6 ROOF SLAB CONCRETING

For a right roof slab concreting, we have to prepare proper concrete mix.

The main point to bear in mind is, keep the ratio between fine aggregate and coarse
aggregate should be 1:2. In case of single or two story house the ration of concrete mix will be
1:2:4

20
Never ever add excess water to mix concrete. The correct proportion of water should be like this:
When we take concrete mix in a plate, it should become like a scoop. This type of mix makes the
roof slab strong. If a worker tries to add more water for work-ability do not allow it.

Make sure concrete mix is properly covered around and near to the iron reinforcement. Use
vibrator to move concrete everywhere evenly.

FIG.2.6.1

After concreting, on the next day morning watering is a must. For this we have to divide roof top
into small portions by putting cement sand mix as seen in the photo. Retain water continuously
for 7 to 10 days. In corners with slanting areas it is not able to retain water. In such areas put jute
bags (gully bags) and wet jute bags. As we are using rock sand it will take more time to cure
cement as concrete. So watering should be done very seriously to avoid concrete cracks in future.

21
 CHAPTER 3
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

It gave me lots of benefit and positive changes that enable me to enter into the working
environment. Through this training I was able to gain new insights and more comprehensive
understanding about the real industry working condition and practice.

The training has provided me the opportunities to develop and improve my soft and functional
skills.

In this training I studied about planning, estimation and execution. All of this valuable
experience knowledge that I have gained were not only acquired through the direct involvement
in task given but also through other aspect of the training such as work observation, interaction
with the staffs and local people.

22