Antennas Types Use in 5G

Real Life Applications part – 400 words
Real Life Applications

5G IoT Applications for Drones
Drones have a vast and growing set of use cases today beyond the consumer use for filming and
photography. For example, utilities are using drones today for equipment inspection. Logistics and
retail companies are looking at drone delivery of goods. The trend will continue, and together with
5G we will be able to push limits of drones that exist today, especially in range and interactivity.
Today drones are limited to line of site and distance of the controller. If you can’t see the drone or it
is out of range, you cannot see where it’s going and maintain control. With 5G, however, you will be
able to put on goggles to “see” beyond current limits with low latency and high resolution video. 5G
will also extend the reach of controllers beyond a few kilometers or miles. These advances will have
implications for uses cases in search and rescue, border security, surveillance, drone delivery
services and more.
Massive IoT Use Cases for 5G
One of the upcoming challenges of IoT will be its explosive growth. Statistica/IHS predicts that the
ratio of worldwide, IoT connected devices per human on the planet will increase from the 2 per
person today to 10 per person by 2025. The projected number of connected devices requiring a data
connection places significant demands on the communications infrastructure – e.g. cellular towers.
While 4G is addressing this need pretty well today in areas with relatively good cell density, this will
improve even more with 5G.
The minimum requirements documentation for the IMT-2020 standard — the standard that is
associated with 5G — requires minimum connection density of 1 million devices for square
kilometer (roughly 0.38 square miles). In comparison, the 4G LPWA standard supports 60,680
devices at the same size of coverage—a far cry from what 5G can deliver.
5G IoT Applications in Industrial Automation
The key benefits of 5G in the industrial automation space are wireless flexibility, reduced costs and
the viability of applications that are not possible with current wireless technology.
Industrial automation is in use today, and most likely you have seen videos showing synchronized
robotics at work in factories and supply chain applications. Today these applications require cables,
as Wi-Fi does not provide the range, mobility and quality of service required for industrial control,
and the latency of today’s cellular technology is too high. With 5G, industrial automation
applications can cut the cord and go fully wireless, enabling more efficient smart factories.
As stated by the 5G ACIA, “Industry 4.0 integrates the IoT and related services in industrial
manufacturing, and delivers seamless vertical and horizontal integration down the entire value chain
and across all layers of the automation pyramid. Connectivity is a key component of Industry 4.0 and
will support the ongoing developments by providing powerful and pervasive connectivity between
machines, people and objects.”
For example, with Industry 4.0, humans and robots will be able to interact and work together; a
machine can lift heavy parts and the worker can attach them. For this to work, the robot needs to be
in constant communication with the factory and its surroundings. It has to be mobile, have complete
physical range of motion, and environmental sensors. These advances will enable symbiotic human-
machine partnerships where each plays the role it does best.
Antennas types part – 350 words
Antennas types use in 5G
MASSIVE MIMO (mMIMO)
multiple element base station - greater capacity, multiple users, faster data
5G will use ‘massive’ MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) antennas that have very large numbers
of antenna elements or connections to send and receive more data simultaneously. The benefit to
users is that more people can simultaneously connect to the network and maintain high throughput.
The overall physical size of the 5G massive MIMO antennas will be similar to 4G, however with a
higher frequency, the individual antenna element size is smaller allowing more elements (in excess
of 100) in the same physical case.
5G User Equipment including mobile phones and devices will also have MIMO antenna technology
built into the device for the mmWave frequencies.
4G sector base station and 5G base station with a new multi element massive MIMO antenna array.
The overall physical size of the 5G base station antenna is expected to be similar to a 4G base station
antenna.
MIMO - Beam Steering

Beam steering is a technology that allows the massive MIMO base station antennas to direct the
radio signal to the users and devices rather than in all directions. The beam steering technology uses
advanced signal processing algorithms to determine the best path for the radio signal to reach the
user. This increases efficiency as it reduces interference (unwanted radio signals).
Massive MIMO antenna and advanced beam steering optimises EMF and increases efficieny.
Active & Passive Antennas
Active antennas differ from passive antennas in that active control of the phase and amplitude to the
antenna elements or subarrays allows for beamforming. Beamforming is control of RF energy that
drives an antenna array in such a way that the antenna pattern of the array is controlled and shaped
as desired. Beamforming offers additional freedom and granular control over electrical tilting, in that
advanced enough beamforming can generate multiple antenna lobes (beams) directed toward target
communications devices.
Further advancements of beamforming can include both elevation, or vertical beamforming, and
azimuthal, or horizontal beamforming. Both azimuthal and elevation control of beams combined
with MIMO capability is referred to as full dimension MIMO (FD-MIMO), which would allow for UE
and fixed-wireless devices used as customer premise equipment (CPE) to receive optimal signal
strength and quality be limiting interference and more efficiently directing signal energy.
Passive antenna only require electronic components that need to be adjustment either manually or
electrically periodically, or just during installation. On the other hand, active antennas require
continuous electronic (active) adjustment of the phase and amplitude of the signals sent to each
antenna element, which is why there has been an increasing trend toward integrating RF and digital
technology to enable smaller footprint and lower cost antenna systems.
Conclusion -350words
References
http://www.emfexplained.info/?ID=25916#:~:text=5G%20will%20use
%20'massive'%20MIMO,network%20and%20maintain%20high%20throughput.
https://www.digi.com/blog/post/5g-applications-and-use-cases
https://www.highfrequencyelectronics.com/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=2335:antennas-evolve-to-meet-5g-
requirements&catid=202&Itemid=189
https://www.5gamericas.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/5G-Americas_Advanced-Antenna-
Systems-for-5G-White-Paper.pdf

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Real Life Applications part – 400 words

Real Life Applications

Massive IoT Use Cases for 5G

5G IoT Applications in Industrial Automation

Antennas types part – 350 words

Antennas types use in 5G

MASSIVE MIMO (mMIMO)

MIMO - Beam Steering

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