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    MTH101: Calculus I Lecture 4: Limits Involving Infinity

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    lu cucu
    1) The document discusses limits involving infinity through examples of limits as x approaches positive or negative infinity or a number. It defines limits that approach positive or negative infinity and vertical/horizontal asymptotes. 2) Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating limits as x approaches numbers like 1 from the left or right, as well as positive/negative infinity. Special limits like the natural log at 0 are also examined. 3) The shortcut method for finding limits of rational functions as x approaches positive/negative infinity is outlined, involving comparing the degrees of the numerator and denominator polynomials.

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    MTH101: Calculus I Lecture 4: Limits Involving Infinity

    Uploaded by

    lu cucu
    53 views8 pages
    1) The document discusses limits involving infinity through examples of limits as x approaches positive or negative infinity or a number. It defines limits that approach positive or negative infinity and vertical/horizontal asymptotes. 2) Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating limits as x approaches numbers like 1 from the left or right, as well as positive/negative infinity. Special limits like the natural log at 0 are also examined. 3) The shortcut method for finding limits of rational functions as x approaches positive/negative infinity is outlined, involving comparing the degrees of the numerator and denominator polynomials.

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    1) The document discusses limits involving infinity through examples of limits as x approaches positive or negative infinity or a number. It defines limits that approach positive or negative infinity and vertical/horizontal asymptotes. 2) Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating limits as x approaches numbers like 1 from the left or right, as well as positive/negative infinity. Special limits like the natural log at 0 are also examined. 3) The shortcut method for finding limits of rational functions as x approaches positive/negative infinity is outlined, involving comparing the degrees of the numerator and denominator polynomials.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    53 views8 pages

    MTH101: Calculus I Lecture 4: Limits Involving Infinity

    Uploaded by

    lu cucu
    1) The document discusses limits involving infinity through examples of limits as x approaches positive or negative infinity or a number. It defines limits that approach positive or negative infinity and vertical/horizontal asymptotes. 2) Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating limits as x approaches numbers like 1 from the left or right, as well as positive/negative infinity. Special limits like the natural log at 0 are also examined. 3) The shortcut method for finding limits of rational functions as x approaches positive/negative infinity is outlined, involving comparing the degrees of the numerator and denominator polynomials.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    MTH101: Calculus I

    IBU Lecture 4: Limits Involving


    International Burch University
    Infinity

    Lecture 4: Limits Involving Infinity (Section 1.6)

    1
    Example 1: Graph f (x) = , and use its graph to find lim− f (x)
    x −2 x→2
    and lim+ f (x).
    x→2

    x f(x)
    2.5
    2.1
    2.01
    2.001
    x f(x)
    1.5
    1.9
    1.99
    1.999

    We see that absolute value of f(x) becomes

    2 / 16
    Definition
    Let f be defined on both sides of a, except possibly at a. Then

    lim f (x) = ∞
    x→a

    means that the values of f(x) can be made arbitrarily large by taking x
    sufficiently close to a, but not equal to a.

    lim f (x) = ∞ is read f(x) becomes infinite as x approaches a.


    x→a

    Definition
    Let f be defined on both sides of a, except possibly at a. Then

    lim f (x) = −∞
    x→a

    means that the values of f(x) can be made arbitrarily large negative by
    taking x sufficiently close to a, but not equal to a.

    Similarly, we can define

    lim f (x) = ∞ and lim f (x) = ∞


    x→a+ x→a−

    lim f (x) = −∞ and lim f (x) = −∞


    x→a+ x→a−

    In our example
    1 1
    lim− = and lim+ =
    x→2 x −2 x→2 x −2
    Definition
    The line x=a is called a vertical asymptote of the curve y=f(x) if at
    least one of the following is true:

    lim f (x) = ∞ lim f (x) = ∞ lim f (x) = ∞


    x→a x→a+ x→a−

    lim f (x) = −∞ lim f (x) = −∞ lim f (x) = −∞


    x→a x→a+ x→a−

    1
    x = 2 is a vertical asymptote to f (x) = (Example 1).
    x −2

    5 / 16

    x +2 x +2
    Example 2: Find lim+ and lim−
    x→1 x −1 x→1 x − 1

    x +2
    lim+ =
    x→1 x −1
    x +2
    lim =
    x→1− x −1

    6 / 16
    Example 3: y = ln x is defined for x > 0. From the graph of y = ln x,

    we can see that


    lim+ ln x =
    x→0

    7 / 16

    x2 x2
    Example 4: Find lim 2 and lim
    x→∞ x + 3 x→−∞ x 2 + 3

    x f(x)
    10 0.9709
    20
    30
    40
    50
    60
    70
    80
    90
    100

    8 / 16
    x f(x)
    -10 0.9709
    -20
    -30
    -40
    -50
    -60
    -70
    -80
    -90
    -100

    9 / 16

    Definition
    Let f be a function defined on (a, ∞), for some a. Then

    lim f (x) = L
    x→∞

    means that that the values of f can be made arbitrarily close to L by


    taking x sufficiently large.

    Definition
    Let f be a function defined on (−∞, a), for some a. Then

    lim f (x) = L
    x→−∞

    means that that the values of f can be made arbitrarily close to L by


    taking x sufficiently large negative.

    10 / 16
    Definition
    The line y = L is called a horizontal asymptote of the curve y = f (x) if
    either
    lim f (x) = L or lim f (x) = L
    x→∞ x→−∞

    1 1
    Example 5: Find lim , and lim
    x→∞ x x→−∞ x
    x f(x)
    10 0.1
    102
    103
    104 1
    lim =
    x→∞ x
    105
    1
    x f(x) lim =
    x→−∞ x
    -10 -0.1
    -102
    -103
    -104

    Theorem
    If r > 0 is a rational number, then
    1
    lim =0
    x→∞ x r

    If r > 0 is a rational number such that x r is defined for all x, then


    1
    lim =0
    x→−∞ x r

    x3 + 1
    Example 6: Find lim
    x→∞ x 3 + x 2

    12 / 16
    Shortcut for finding limits at infinity for rational
    functions:

    p(x)
    Let f (x) = , where
    q(x)

    p(x) =an x n + an−1 x n−1 + . . . + a1 x + a0


    q(x) =bm x m + bm−1 x m−1 + . . . + b1 x + b0

    are of degree n and degree m, respectively. Then

    1 If n < m, then
    2 If n = m, then
    3 If n > m, then

    x2
    Example 7: Find all horizontal asymptotes of y =
    x2 + 3

    14 / 16
    p
    Example 8: Find lim ( x 2 + 1 − x)
    x→∞

    15 / 16

    sin 2x
    Example 9: Find lim
    x→∞ x

    16 / 16

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