Simple Mass Spring System

SIMPLE MASS-SPRING
SYSTEM & DAMPED

VIBRATION SYSTEM
NAME: ARINDAM MONDAL
REG. NO: 200301190006
BRANCH: MI 1 SEM
st
Guided By-----
Balaji Padhay Sir

CONTENTS
► 2nd order linear non homogeneous

differential equations
► Mass-Spring Mechanical System
► Problem
► Conclusion
2nd order linear non homogeneous differential equations
Non-homogeneous D.E: Standard form of linear D.E. of 2nd order with constant coefficients is,
𝑦 ′′ + 𝑃(𝑥)𝑦 ′ + 𝑞(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑅(𝑥)------ (1)
Here, P (x), Q(x) and 𝑅(𝑥), are either functions of x or constants . P and Q are known
as coefficients of D.E. (1).
If, 𝑅(𝑥) ≠ 0 then equation (1) itself represents Non-homogeneous differential
Equation.
Solution of Non-homogeneous D.E: y(x)= C.F.+P.I.
Steps for solving Complementary Function(C.F):
Step-1: Find the auxiliary equation.
Step-2: Find the roots of the equation by solving step (1)
Step-3: There are three cases arises like
Case-1: Roots are real and distinct (different) like 𝑚1 ≠ 𝑚2 , then its solution form is,
)
Case-2: Roots are real and equal i.e = , then its solution form is,
Case-3: Roots are complex conjugate type i.e = , = ,then its solution form is ,
)
Rules for Finding Particular Integral(P.I.):
Case-I: Let, where a is a constant .Then,
= , Provided .
If, then, = , Provided .
If, then, = , Provided and so on.
Case-II: Let,= )/), where a and b are constants. Then,
) = ) , Provided )Here
If, ) then, ) = ) , Provided).
If, ) then, ) = ) , Provided)and so on.
Similerly, we obtain,
) = ) , Provided )
If, ) then, ) = ) , Provided ).
If, ) then, ) = ) , Provided )and so on.
Mass-Spring Mechanical System

The simplest mechanical system is the mass-spring system which consists of a coil spring of natural length L,
suspended vertically from a fixed point support (such as a ceiling or beam). A constant mass‘m’ attached to the
lower end of the spring, stretches the spring to a length (L + e) and comes to rest which is known as the static
equilibrium position. Here e > 0 is the static deflection due to the hanging the mass on the spring. Now the mass
is set in motion either by pushing or pulling the mass from equilibrium position and/or by imparting a non-zero
velocity (downward or upward) to the mass (in the equilibrium position). Since the motion takes place in the
vertical direction, we consider the downward direction as positive.
In order to determine the displacement x(t) of the massfrom the static equilibrium position, we use Newton’s
second law and Hooke’s law.
The mass m is subjected to the following forces:
(a) a gravitational force mg acting downwards.
(b) a spring restoring force −k(x(t) + e) due to displacement of the spring from rest (equilibrium) position.
(c) a frictional (or damping or resistance) force of the medium, opposing the motion and of magnitude- −c(t).
(d) an external force F(t).
The differential equation (D.E.) describing the motion
the mass is obtained by Newton’s of second law as
m(t) = mg − k(x(t)+ e) − c (t) + F(t)
Forced damped mass-spring system

Here k > 0 is known spring constant or stiffness of the spring, c ≥ 0 is known as damping constant, g is
gravitational constant. Since the force on the mass exerted by the spring must be equal and opposite to the
gravitational force on the mass, we have ke = mg. Thus the D.E. modeling the motion of mass is
m(t) + c(t) + kx(t) = F(t)
which is a second order linear non-homogenous equation with constant coefficients. The displacement (or
motion) of the mass at any time t is x(t) which is the solution of D.E.
Example
Q. A 32 lb weight is suspended from a spring having constant 4 lb/ft. Prove that the motion is one of resonance
if a force 16 sin 2t is applied and damping force is negligible. Assume that initially the weight is at rest in the
equilibrium position.
A. As per the question the D.E. is,
The roots of the auxiliary equation are complex conjugate ±2i. The complementary function is,
The particular integral is,
Then the general solution is,
Using
.1+=0
Differentiating x(t) w.r.t. ‘t’, we get,
Using
2.1-4.1=2
The position of weight at any time is,
And the velocity is,

Frequency of the external force is = cycles/sec. Natural frequency (of the free undamped) system is =
cycles/sec. Therefore resonance occurs in the system because the frequency of the external force equals to the
natural frequency of the system.
Conclusion
By using 2nd order linear non homogeneous differential equations in mass spring system we can find
the solution of various real life applications. Also it is useful in in modern sciences as well as
engineering field.
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SIMPLE MASS-SPRING

SYSTEM & DAMPED

Balaji Padhay Sir

► 2nd order linear non homogeneous

Mass-Spring Mechanical System

Forced damped mass-spring system

A. As per the question the D.E. is,

Then the general solution is,

And the velocity is,

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