First A. Author, Second B. Author, and Third C.

Author, Member, IAENG

Preparation of Papers for the Journal
Engineering Letters

II.PROCEDURE FOR PAPER SUBMISSION
Abstract—These instructions give you guidelines for
preparing papers for EL. Use this document as a template if A. Review Stage
you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or later. Otherwise, use this Please check with your editor on whether to submit your
document as an instruction set. The electronic file of your manuscript as hard copy or electronically for review. If
paper will be formatted further at IAENG. Define all symbols
hard copy, submit photocopies such that only one column
used in the abstract. Do not cite references in the abstract. Do
not delete the blank line immediately above the abstract; it appears per page. This will give your referees plenty of
sets the footnote at the bottom of this column. room to write comments. Send the number of copies
specified by your editor (typically four). If submitted
Index Terms—About four key words or phrases in electronically, find out if your editor prefers submissions
alphabetical order, separated by commas, for example, on disk or as e-mail attachments.
visual-servoing, tracking, biomimetic, redundancy, degrees- If you want to submit your file with one column
of-freedom electronically, please do the following:
--First, click on the View menu and choose Print
Layout.
I. INTRODUCTION
--Second, place your cursor in the first paragraph. Go

T HIS document is a template for Microsoft Word

versions 6.0 or later. If you would prefer to use
LATEX, download IAENG’s LATEX style and sample
to the Format menu, choose Columns, choose one column
Layout, and choose “apply to whole document” from the
dropdown menu.
files from the same Web page. Use these LATEX files for --Third, click and drag the right margin bar to just
formatting, but please follow the instructions. over 4 inches in width.
When you open this file, select “Page Layout” from the The graphics will stay in the “second” column, but you
“View” menu in the menu bar (View | Page Layout), can drag them to the first column. Make the graphic wider
which allows you to see the footnotes. Then, type over to push out any text that may try to fill in next to the
sections of the file or cut and paste from another document graphic.
and use markup styles. The pull-down style menu is at the
left of the Formatting Toolbar at the top of your Word B. Final Stage
window (for example, the style at this point in the When you submit your final version (after your paper
document is “Text”). Highlight a section that you want to has been accepted), print it in two-column format,
designate with a certain style, then select the appropriate including figures and tables. You must also send your final
name on the style menu. The style will adjust your fonts manuscript via e-mail, or through a Web manuscript
and line spacing. Do not change the font sizes or line submission system as directed by the society contact. You
spacing to squeeze more text into a limited number of may compress files using Winzip, Pkzip, Stuffit, or Gzip.
pages. Use italics for emphasis; do not underline. C. Figures
To insert images in Word, position the cursor at the
Format and save your graphic images using a suitable
insertion point and either use Insert | Picture | From File or graphics processing program that will allow you to create
copy the image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit | the images as PostScript (PS), Encapsulated PostScript
Paste Special | Picture (with “float over text” unchecked). (EPS), or Tagged Image File Format (TIFF), sizes them,
and adjusts the resolution settings. If you created your
source files in one of the following you will be able to
submit the graphics without converting to a PS, EPS, or
TIFF file: Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint,
Manuscript received June XX, 20XX; revised July XX, 20XX. (Write
 Microsoft Excel, or Portable Document Format (PDF).
the date on which you submitted your paper for review.) This work was
supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant
BS123456 (sponsor and financial support acknowledgment goes here). D. Electronic Image Files (Optional)
Paper titles should be written in uppercase and lowercase letters, not all
uppercase. Avoid writing long formulas with subscripts in the title; short Import your source files in one of the following:
formulas that identify the elements are fine (e.g., "Nd–Fe–B"). Do not write Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel,
“(Invited)” in the title. Full names of authors are preferred in the author
field, but are not required. Put a space between authors’ initials. or Portable Document Format (PDF); you will be able to
F. A. Author is with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, submit the graphics without converting to a PS, EPS, or
Boulder, CO 80305 USA (corresponding author to provide phone: 303- TIFF files. Image quality is very important to how yours
555-5555; fax: 303-555-5555; e-mail: author@ boulder.nist.gov).
S. B. Author was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He is graphics will reproduce. Even though we can accept
now with the Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort graphics in many formats, we cannot improve your
Collins, CO 80523 USA (e-mail: [email protected]). graphics if they are poor quality when we receive them. If
T. C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering Department, University
of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the National your graphic looks low in quality on your printer or
Research Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]).
 monitor, please keep in mind that cannot improve the definition. In Word, paste your figure into a new document.
quality after submission. Print to a file using the PostScript printer driver. File
If you are importing your graphics into this Word names should be of the form “fig5.ps.” Use Open Type
template, please use the following steps: fonts when creating your figures, if possible. A listing of
Under the option EDIT select PASTE SPECIAL. A the acceptable fonts are as follows: Open Type Fonts:
dialog box will open, select paste picture, then click OK. Times Roman, Helvetica, Helvetica Narrow, Courier,
Your figure should now be in the Word Document. Symbol, Palatino, Avant Garde, Bookman, Zapf Chancery,
If you are preparing images in TIFF, EPS, or PS format, Zapf Dingbats, and New Century Schoolbook.
note the following. High-contrast line figures and tables
should be prepared with 600 dpi resolution and saved with Print Color Graphics Requirements
no compression, 1 bit per pixel (monochrome), with file IAENG accepts color graphics in the following formats:
names in the form of “fig3.tif” or “table1.tif.” EPS, PS, TIFF, Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and PDF. The
Photographs and grayscale figures should be prepared resolution of a RGB color TIFF file should be 400 dpi.
with 300 dpi resolution and saved with no compression, 8
bits per pixel (grayscale). Web Color Graphics
IAENG accepts color graphics in the following formats:
Sizing of Graphics EPS, PS, TIFF, Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and PDF. The
Most charts graphs and tables are one column wide (3 resolution of a RGB color TIFF file should be at least 400
1/2 inches or 21 picas) or two-column width (7 1/16 inches, dpi.
43 picas wide). We recommend that you avoid sizing Your color graphic will be converted to grayscale if no
figures less than one column wide, as extreme separate grayscale file is provided. If a graphic is to appear
enlargements may distort your images and result in poor in print as black and white, it should be saved and
reproduction. Therefore, it is better if the image is slightly submitted as a black and white file. If a graphic is to
larger, as a minor reduction in size should not have an appear in print or on IAENG web site in color, it should be
adverse affect the quality of the image. submitted as RGB color.

Size of Author Photographs Graphics Checker Tool

The final printed size of an author photograph is exactly The authors should check their graphic files against the
1 inch wide by 1 1/4 inches long (6 picas × 7 1/2 picas). set of rules for compliance with IAENG requirements.
Please ensure that the author photographs you submit are These requirements are designed to ensure sufficient image
proportioned similarly. If the author’s photograph does not quality so they will look acceptable in print.
appear at the end of the paper, then please size it so that it
is proportional to the standard size of 1 9/16 inches wide by
2 inches long (9 1/2 picas × 12 picas). E. Copyright
The copyright to the Contribution identified above is
How to create a PostScript File transferred to International Association of Engineers,
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necessary steps to protect these rights against infringement
by third parties. It will have the copyright notice inserted
into all editions of the Work according to the provisions of
the Universal Copyright Convention (UCC) and dutifully
take care of all formalities in this connection, either in its
own name or in that of the Author.
If the Author is an employee of the U.S. Government
and performed this work as part of his employment, the
Contribution is not subject to U.S. copyright protection.
The Author transfers the publishing rights to IAENG to the
extent transferable.

Fig. 1. Magnetization as a function of applied field. Note that “Fig.” is

abbreviated. There is a period after the figure number, followed by two
spaces. It is good practice to explain the significance of the figure in the
caption.
 The Author retains the right to republish the TABLE I
UNITS FOR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Contribution in any collection consisting solely of the
Conversion from Gaussian and
Author’s own works without charge and subject only to Symbol Quantity
CGS EMU to SI a
ensuring that the publication by IAENG is properly  magnetic flux 1 Mx  108 Wb = 108 V·s
credited and that the relevant copyright notice is repeated B magnetic flux 1 G  104 T = 104 Wb/m2
verbatim. density
H magnetic field 1 Oe  103/(4) A/m
The Author warrants that the Contribution is original strength
except for such excerpts from copyrighted works (including m magnetic moment 1 erg/G = 1 emu
illustrations, tables, and text quotations) as may be  103 A·m2 = 103 J/T
M magnetization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
included with the permission of the copyright holder 4M magnetization 1 G  103/(4) A/m
thereof, in which case(s) the Author is required to obtain  specific 1 erg/(G·g) = 1 emu/g  1
written permission and to indicate the precise source. magnetization A·m2/kg
j magnetic dipole 1 erg/G = 1 emu
IAENG has the right to permit others to use individual moment  4  1010 Wb·m
illustrations within the usual limits. The Author warrants J magnetic 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
that the Contribution has not heretofore been published in polarization  4  104 T
whole or in part, that it contains no libelous statements and ,  susceptibility 1  4
 mass susceptibility 1 cm3/g  4  103 m3/kg
does not infringe on any copyright, trademark, patent,  permeability 1  4  107 H/m
statutory rights or proprietary rights of others; and that he = 4  107 Wb/(A·m)
will indemnify IAENG against any cost, expenses or r relative permeability  r
w, W energy density 1 erg/cm3  101 J/m3
damages for which IAENG may become liable as a result N, D demagnetizing 1  1/(4)
of any breach of this warranty. factor
Vertical lines are optional in tables. Statements that serve as
captions for the entire table do not need footnote letters.
F. Consent to Publish a
Gaussian units are the same as cgs emu for magnetostatics; Mx =
maxwell, G = gauss, Oe = oersted; Wb = weber, V = volt, s = second, T
By submitting your paper, authors are responsible for = tesla, m = meter, A = ampere, J = joule, kg = kilogram, H = henry.
obtaining any security clearances and agree to follow the
above copyright notice.
the tables. If your figure has two parts, include the labels
“(a)” and “(b)” as part of the artwork. Please verify that the
III. MATH figures and tables you mention in the text actually exist.
Please do not include captions as part of the figures. Do
If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation
not put captions in “text boxes” linked to the figures. Do
Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com)
not put borders around the outside of your figures. Use
for equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New |
the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the beginning of a sentence.
Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). “Float over
Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables are numbered with
text” should not be selected.
Roman numerals.
Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use
words rather than symbols. As an example, write the
IV. UNITS
quantity “Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units “M.” Put units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with
are strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as units. As in Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization
secondary units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in
data storage. For example, write “15 Gb/cm 2 (100

(A/m)” or “Magnetization (A m1),” not just “A/m.” Do
not label axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For
Gb/in2).” An exception is when English units are used as example, write “Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.”
identifiers in trade, such as “3½-in disk drive.” Avoid Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write
combining SI and CGS units, such as current in amperes “Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (10 3 A/m).” Do
and magnetic field in oersteds. This often leads to not write “Magnetization (A/m)  1000” because the reader
confusion because equations do not balance dimensionally. would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant
If you must use mixed units, clearly state the units for each 16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible,
quantity in an equation. approximately 8 to 12 point type.
The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m.
However, if you wish to use units of T, either refer to B. References
magnetic flux density B or magnetic field strength Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1].
symbolized as µ0H. Use the center dot to separate The sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple
compound units, e.g., “A·m2.” references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate
brackets [1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please
give the relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer
V.HELPFUL HINTS simply to the reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref.
[3]” or “reference [3]” except at the beginning of a
A. Figures and Tables sentence: “Reference [3] shows ... .” Please do not use
Large figures and tables may span both columns. Place automatic endnotes in Word, rather, type the reference list
figure captions below the figures; place table titles above
at the end of the paper using the “References” style. Avoid dangling participles, such as, “Using (1), the
Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert | potential was calculated.” [It is not clear who or what used
Footnote). 1 Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the (1).] Write instead, “The potential was calculated by using
column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the (1),” or “Using (1), we calculated the potential.”
reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use
Table I). “cm 3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm 
Please note that the references at the end of this 0.2 cm,” not “0.1  0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for
document are in the preferred referencing style. Give all “seconds” is “s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings
authors’ names; do not use “et al.” unless there are six and abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m 2” or “webers per
authors or more. Use a space after authors’ initials. Papers square meter,” not “webers/m 2.” When expressing a range
that have not been published should be cited as of values, write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”
“unpublished” [4]. Papers that have been accepted for A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is
publication, but not yet specified for an issue should be punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A
cited as “to be published” [5]. Papers that have been parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the
submitted for publication should be cited as “submitted for parentheses.) In American English, periods and commas
publication” [6]. Please give affiliations and addresses for are within quotation marks, like “this period.” Other
private communications [7]. punctuation is “outside”! Avoid contractions; for example,
Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for write “do not” instead of “don’t.” The serial comma is
proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published in preferred: “A, B, and C” instead of “A, B and C.”
translation journals, please give the English citation first, If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or
followed by the original foreign-language citation [8]. plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We
C. Abbreviations and Acronyms observed that ...” instead of “It was observed that ...”).
Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are
English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to
used in the text, even after they have already been defined
carefully proofread your paper.
in the abstract. Abbreviations such as IAENG, SI, ac, and
dc do not have to be defined. Abbreviations that VI. SOME COMMON MISTAKES
incorporate periods should not have spaces: write
“C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.” Do not use abbreviations in The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for
the title unless they are unavoidable (for example, the permeability of vacuum µ0 is zero, not a lowercase
“IAENG” in the title of the article). letter “o.” The term for residual magnetization is
“remanence”; the adjective is “remanent”; do not write
D. Equations “remnance” or “remnant.” Use the word “micrometer”
Number equations consecutively with equation numbers instead of “micron.” A graph within a graph is an “inset,”
in parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First not an “insert.” The word “alternatively” is preferred to the
use the equation editor to create the equation. Then select word “alternately” (unless you really mean something that
the “Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write alternates). Use the word “whereas” instead of “while”
the equation number in parentheses. To make your (unless you are referring to simultaneous events). Do not
equations more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the use the word “essentially” to mean “approximately” or
exp function, or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to “effectively.” Do not use the word “issue” as a euphemism
avoid ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations for “problem.” When compositions are not specified,
when they are part of a sentence, as in separate chemical symbols by en-dashes; for example,
“NiMn” indicates the intermetallic compound Ni 0.5Mn0.5
r2
whereas “Ni–Mn” indicates an alloy of some composition
 0 F ( r,  ) dr d  [ r2 / (2 0 )] NixMn1-x.

 exp(   | z j  zi | )  J 1 (  r2 ) J 0 (  ri ) d . Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones
1
0 “affect” (usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun),
(1) “complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and
“discrete,” “principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and
Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been “principle” (e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not
defined before the equation appears or immediately confuse “imply” and “infer.”
following. Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature, Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and
but T is the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or “ultra” are not independent words; they should be joined to
“equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence: the words they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is
“Equation (1) is ... .” no period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.” (it
E. Other Recommendations is also italicized). The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,”
and the abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example” (these
Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate
abbreviations are not italicized).
complex modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.”
An excellent style manual and source of information for
science writers is [9].
It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the
1

unnumbered footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to
integrate the footnote information into the text.
 VII. EDITORIAL POLICY IX. CONCLUSION
Submission of a manuscript is not required for A conclusion section is not compulsory. Although a
participation in a conference. Do not submit a reworked conclusion may review the main points of the paper, do not
version of a paper you have submitted or published replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might
elsewhere. Do not publish “preliminary” data or results. elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest
The submitting author is responsible for obtaining applications and extensions.
agreement of all coauthors and any consent required from
sponsors before submitting a paper. IAENG strongly APPENDIX
discourage courtesy authorship. It is the obligation of the Appendixes, if needed, appear before the
authors to cite relevant prior work. acknowledgment.
Reviews are required for every paper submitted. For
conference-related papers, the decision to accept or reject a ACKNOWLEDGMENT
paper is made by the conference editors and publications
The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in
committee; the recommendations of the referees are
American English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the
advisory only. Undecipherable English is a valid reason for
singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments.
rejection. Authors of rejected journal papers may revise
Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like
and resubmit them to the IAENG conferences as regular
to thank ... .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks ... .”
papers, whereupon they will be reviewed by referees.
Sponsor and financial support acknowledgments are
placed in the unnumbered footnote on the first page, not
here.
VIII.PUBLICATION PRINCIPLES
The contents of IAENG journals and conference REFERENCES
proceedings are peer-reviewed and archival. They publish [1] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics (Book style
scholarly articles of archival value as well as tutorial with paper title and editor),” in Plastics, 2nd ed. vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed.
expositions and critical reviews of classical subjects and New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15–64.
[2] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems (Book style). Belmont,
topics of current interest. CA: Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135.
Authors should consider the following points: [3] H. Poor, An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation. New
1) Technical papers submitted for publication must York: Springer-Verlag, 1985, ch. 4.
[4] B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms (Unpublished work
advance the state of knowledge and must cite relevant style),” unpublished.
prior work. [5] E. H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays (Periodical style—Accepted
2) The length of a submitted paper should be for publication),” Engineering Letters, to be published.
[6] J. Wang, “Fundamentals of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers arrays
commensurate with the importance, or appropriate to (Periodical style—Submitted for publication),” IAENG International
the complexity, of the work. For example, an obvious Journal of Applied Mathematics, submitted for publication.
[7] C. J. Kaufman, Rocky Mountain Research Lab., Boulder, CO, private
extension of previously published work might not be communication, May 1995.
appropriate for publication or might be adequately [8] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, “Electron
treated in just a few pages. spectroscopy studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate
interfaces (Translation Journals style),” IEEE Transl. J. Magn.Jpn.,
3) Authors must convince both peer reviewers and the
vol. 2, Aug. 1987, pp. 740–741 [Dig. 9th Annu. Conf. Magnetics
editors of the scientific and technical merit of a paper; Japan, 1982, p. 301].
the standards of proof are higher when extraordinary or [9] M. Young, The Techincal Writers Handbook. Mill Valley, CA:
University Science, 1989.
unexpected results are reported. [10] J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An assessment of
4) Because replication is required for scientific progress, feasibility (Periodical style),” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-
papers submitted for publication must provide 11, pp. 34–39, Jan. 1959.
[11] N. Meghanathan and G. W. Skelton, “Risk Notification Message
sufficient information to allow readers to perform Dissemination Protocol for Energy Efficient Broadcast in Vehicular
similar experiments or calculations and use the Ad hoc Networks,” IAENG International Journal of Computer
reported results. Although not everything need be Science, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 1–10, Jul. 2010.
[12] R. W. Lucky, “Automatic equalization for digital communication,”
disclosed, a paper must contain new, useable, and fully Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 547–588, Apr. 1965.
described information. For example, a specimen’s [13] S. P. Bingulac, “On the compatibility of adaptive controllers
(Published Conference Proceedings style),” in Proc. 4th Annu.
chemical composition need not be reported if the main Allerton Conf. Circuits and Systems Theory, New York, 1994, pp. 8–
purpose of a paper is to introduce a new measurement 16.
technique. Authors should expect to be challenged by [14] G. R. Faulhaber, “Design of service systems with priority
reservation,” in Conf. Rec. 1995 IEEE Int. Conf. Communications, pp.
reviewers if the results are not supported by adequate 3–8.
data and critical details. [15] W. D. Doyle, “Magnetization reversal in films with biaxial
5) Papers that describe ongoing work or announce the anisotropy,” in 1987 Proc. INTERMAG Conf., pp. 2.2-1–2.2-6.
[16] G. W. Juette and L. E. Zeffanella, “Radio noise currents n short
latest technical achievement, which are suitable for sections on bundle conductors (Presented Conference Paper style),”
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appropriate for publication in a T RANSACTIONS or 27, 1990, Paper 90 SM 690-0 PWRS.
[17] J. G. Kreifeldt, “An analysis of surface-detected EMG as an
JOURNAL. amplitude-modulated noise,” presented at the 1989 Int. Conf.
Medicine and Biological Engineering, Chicago, IL.
[18] J. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer (Thesis or Dissertation style),”
Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA,
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[19] N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical
nonequilibrium nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Osaka
Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993.
[20] J. P. Wilkinson, “Nonlinear resonant circuit devices (Patent style),”
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[21] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems (Standards style), IEEE
Standard 308, 1969.
[22] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.
[23] R. E. Haskell and C. T. Case, “Transient signal propagation in lossless
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Cambridge, MA Rep. ARCRL-66-234 (II), 1994, vol. 2.
[24] E. E. Reber, R. L. Michell, and C. J. Carter, “Oxygen absorption in the
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[25] (Handbook style) Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed.,
Western Electric Co., Winston-Salem, NC, 1985, pp. 44–60.
[26] Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola Semiconductor
Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ, 1989.
[27] (Basic Book/Monograph Online Sources) J. K. Author. (year, month,
day). Title (edition) [Type of medium]. Volume (issue). Available:
http://www.(URL)
[28] J. Jones. (1991, May 10). Networks (2nd ed.) [Online]. Available:
http://www.atm.com
[29] (Journal Online Sources style) K. Author. (year, month). Title.
Journal [Type of medium]. Volume(issue), paging if given.
Available: http://www.(URL)
[30] R. J. Vidmar. (1992, August). On the use of atmospheric plasmas as
electromagnetic reflectors. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. [Online]. 21(3).
pp. 876–880. Available:
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First A. Author (M’76–SM’81–F’87) and the other authors may include

biographies at the end of regular papers. Biographies are often not included
in conference-related papers. This author became a Member (M) of IAENG
in 1976, a Senior Member (SM) in 1981, and a Fellow (F) in 1987. The
first paragraph may contain a place and/or date of birth (list place, then
date). Next, the author’s educational background is listed. The degrees
should be listed with type of degree in what field, which institution, city,
state, and country, and year degree was earned. The author’s major field of
study should be lower-cased.
The second paragraph uses the pronoun of the person (he or she) and
not the author’s last name. It lists military and work experience, including
summer and fellowship jobs. Job titles are capitalized. The current job must
have a location; previous positions may be listed without one. Information
concerning previous publications may be included. Try not to list more
than three books or published articles. The format for listing publishers of a
book within the biography is: title of book (city, state: publisher name,
year) similar to a reference. Current and previous research interests end the
paragraph.
The third paragraph begins with the author’s title and last name (e.g., Dr.
Smith, Prof. Jones, Mr. Kajor, Ms. Hunter). List any memberships in
professional societies other than the IAENG. Finally, list any awards and
work for IAENG committees and publications. If a photograph is provided,
the biography will be indented around it. The photograph is placed at the
top left of the biography. Personal hobbies will be deleted from the
biography.