Centre Candidate

Surname
Number Number
Other Names 0

GCSE
4462/02
SCIENCE A/CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY 1
HIGHER TIER

A.M. THURSDAY, 12 June 2014

1 hour For Examiner’s use only
Maximum Mark
Question
Mark Awarded
1. 7
2. 4
3. 7

020 0 01
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4. 6
5. 6
6. 5

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS 7. 11

In addition to this paper you will need 8. 4

a calculator and a ruler. 9. 4
10. 6
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Total 60
Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
Do not use gel pen or correction fluid.
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. If you run out of space, use the additional
page(s) at the back of the booklet, taking care to number the question(s) correctly.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.
You are reminded that assessment will take into account the quality of written communication used
in your answer to questions 4 and 10.
The Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of the examination paper and the formulae for some
common ions on the inside of the back cover.

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Answer all questions.

1. (a) The table below shows some properties of three elements in the Periodic Table.

Melting point Boiling point Malleable or Electrical

Element Appearance
(°C) (°C) brittle? conductivity

aluminium 660 2519 shiny solid malleable good

silicon 1414 3265 shiny solid brittle semiconductor

phosphorus 44 280 white solid brittle poor

Describe how the information in the table shows that silicon is difficult to classify as a

metal or a non-metal. [2]

(b) Give the symbol of the element which is found in Group 2 and Period 3 of the Periodic
Table. [1]

....................................................................................

(c) (i) The chemical formula of copper(II) nitrate is Cu(NO3)2. Give the number of nitrogen
atoms in the formula Cu(NO3)2. [1]

....................................................................................

(ii) Give the chemical formula of silver oxide. [1]

....................................................................................

(d) Nano-scale silver particles are added to socks to reduce the effects of smelly feet. Recent
research has found that these particles can easily leak into waste water during washing.

(i) State the property of nano-scale silver particles that makes them useful in socks.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1]

(ii) Suggest a reason why some scientists are concerned about nano-scale silver

particles entering waste water. [1]

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2. (a) The graphs below show the melting points and boiling points of Group 2 elements.

1400 3000
1200
1000
2000
Melting 800 Boiling
point point
(°C) 600 (°C)
1000
400
200
0 0
Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Be Mg Ca Sr Ba

Group 2 elements Group 2 elements

Use the information in the graphs to describe the trends, if any, in the melting point and

boiling point of Group 2 elements. [2]

Melting point .............................................................................................................................................................................

020003
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Boiling point .............................................................................................................................................................................

(b) The table below describes the reactions of Group 2 elements when added to cold water.

Group 2 Element Reaction when added to cold water

beryllium no reaction

magnesium very slow reaction

calcium fairly vigorous reaction

strontium very fast reaction

Barium lies below strontium in Group 2. State, giving a reason, how you would expect

barium to react with cold water. [2]

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3. (a) Iron is extracted in the blast furnace. Iron ore, limestone, coke and hot air are the raw
materials.
iron ore,
limestone
and coke

waste gases

hot air hot air

slag
iron

(i) Give the reason for adding each of the following to the furnace:

I coke; [1]

II limestone. [1]

(ii) I Balance the symbol equation that represents the main reaction occurring in
the furnace. [1]

Fe2O3 + CO Fe + CO2

II Give the chemical name of the substance which is reduced in the furnace.
[1]

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(b) The graph below shows how the tensile strength of iron alloys changes with the percentage
of carbon present.

800

700

600

500

Tensile strength 400

(MPa)
300

200

100

0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

020005
Percentage of carbon present (%)

4462
(i) Describe how the tensile strength changes as the percentage of carbon present
increases. [2]

(ii) The table below shows the percentage of carbon present in some iron alloys.

Percentage of carbon
Alloy of iron
present in the alloy (%)

wrought iron 0.1

mild steel 0.3

high-carbon steel 0.9

cast iron 3.6

Use the information in the table and the graph to name the alloy which has the
lowest tensile strength. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7

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4. Explain, giving examples, why plastics have replaced traditional materials such as iron, glass
and wood for making many everyday things. [6 QWC]

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5. The diagram below shows some reactions of dilute hydrochloric acid.

colourless
zinc chloride solution
and gas A

zinc carbonate

blue base E magnesium

dilute colourless solution B
copper(II) chloride
hydrochloric acid and gas C
solution

sodium hydroxide solution

colourless solution D

020 0 07
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(a) Give the names of each of the substances A to E. [5]

A ..............................................................................................................

B ..............................................................................................................

C ..............................................................................................................

D ..............................................................................................................

E ..............................................................................................................

(b) Give the chemical formula of zinc chloride. [1]

...........................................................

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6. The graphs below show the results of research on the effect of water fluoridation on the teeth of
children aged 12 years in the United States.
(DMFT = number of decayed, missing or filled teeth)
100 5.0

90 4.5

80 4.0
mean DMFT

70 3.5

60 3.0

Percentage (%)
of children Mean
drinking 50 2.5
DMFT
fluoridated
water
% drinking
fluoridated
40 water 2.0

30 1.5

20 1.0

10 0.5

0 0
1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992
Year

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(a) Calculate the percentage decrease in the mean DMFT between 1967 and 1992. [2]

Percentage decrease in the mean DMFT = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %

(b) Apart from drinking water, give one other source of fluoride which could reduce tooth
decay. [1]

(c) In your opinion, do the advantages of the fluoridation of drinking water outweigh the
disadvantages? Explain your reasoning. [2]

Opinion (Yes or No)

............................

Explanation

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7. Three students individually investigated the mass of copper formed when increasing amounts of
magnesium powder were added to 50 cm3 of copper(II) sulfate solution.

stirrer

50 cm3 copper(II)
sulfate solution

copper powder
magnesium powder

• Each pupil added 0.10 g of magnesium to 50 cm3 of copper(II) sulfate solution and stirred
the mixture until no more magnesium remained.
• They filtered, dried and weighed the copper formed.
• They repeated the experiment using 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 g of magnesium powder and a
new 50 cm3 of copper(II) sulfate solution each time.
• The results are shown below.

Mass of copper formed (g)

Mass of
magnesium Student Student Student Mean
added (g)
A B C

0.10 0.15 0.10 0.17 0.14

0.15 0.25 0.21 0.23 0.23

0.20 0.37 0.36 0.32 0.35

0.25 0.37 0.42 0.38 0.39

The graph opposite shows the masses of copper that should be formed.

(a) On the same grid plot the mean mass of copper formed against the mass of magnesium
added. Draw a suitable line. [3]

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0.7

0.6

expected results

0.5

0.4
Mass of copper
formed (g)

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30

Mass of magnesium added (g)

(b) Describe the main difference between the expected graph and the one plotted using the
experimental results. [1]

(c) Suggest two possible reasons for the difference in the graphs. [2]

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(d) On Anglesey there is a large copper mine called Parys Mountain. Unwanted rock from the
mining process has been dumped forming waste tips. As rainwater passes through the
waste tips it dissolves copper salts. One of the salts is copper(II) sulfate.

During the 18th century large shallow pits were dug all over the mountain. These filled
with rainwater. Scrap iron was placed into the water and after a few months the pits were
drained and a copper-rich solid sludge was collected.

Explain the reaction taking place in the pits.

[3]

(e) Copper is a good electrical conductor and is therefore used to make electrical wiring.
Give a different property of copper and one use which relies on this property. [2]

Property ...........................................................................................................................................................................

Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

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8. (a) A small minority of scientists believe that it is changes in solar activity (i.e. changes in the
brightness and warmth of the sun) that causes global warming. The graphs below show
the changes in solar activity and atmospheric temperature since 1880.

solar activity

temperature

0.5

Temperature change (°C)

Solar activity

-0.5
1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
Year

Using the information from the graphs, state how well the evidence supports the argument

that solar activity is the cause of global warming. [2]

(b) Most scientists believe the main cause of global warming is the increase in carbon dioxide
levels in the atmosphere.

(i) State the main cause of this increase in carbon dioxide levels. [1]

...............................................................................................................

(ii) Describe one method of reducing current atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. [1]

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9. The table below shows the relative ‘supply of’ and ‘demand for’ some fractions obtained from a
sample of crude oil from the North Sea.

% mass of fraction

Fraction
In crude oil Market demand
(supply of) (demand for)

C1-C4 2 5

C5 -C8 12 28

C9 -C12 7 20

C13 -C16 15 25

C17-C20 35 15

C21-C24 19 5

C25+ 10 2

(a) Give a reason why market demand for the C5 -C8 fraction is high. [1]

(b) The supply of the C5 -C8 fraction is less than the market demand. Explain how oil
companies overcome this problem. [2]

(c) One hydrocarbon found in the C1-C4 fraction is propane. Propane burns in air forming
carbon dioxide and water.

Balance the symbol equation that represents this reaction. [1]

C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O

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10. The diagram below shows an electrolysis cell used in the extraction of aluminium.

anode
oxygen gas

cathode

molten aluminium
oxide and cryolite
molten aluminium

Outline the industrial extraction of aluminium. [6 QWC]

END OF PAPER
6

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PLEASE DO NOT WRITE

ON THIS PAGE

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PLEASE DO NOT WRITE

ON THIS PAGE

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Question Additional page, if required. Examiner

number Write the question number(s) in the left-hand margin. only

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FORMULAE FOR SOME COMMON IONS

POSITIVE IONS NEGATIVE IONS

Name Formula Name Formula

Aluminium Al3+ Bromide Br–

Ammonium NH4+ Carbonate CO32–
Barium Ba2+ Chloride Cl –
Calcium Ca2+ Fluoride F–
Copper(II) Cu2+ Hydroxide OH –
Hydrogen H+ Iodide I–
Iron(II) Fe2+ Nitrate NO3 –
Iron(III) Fe3+ Oxide O2–
Lithium Li+ Sulfate SO42–
Magnesium Mg2+
Nickel Ni2+
Potassium K+
Silver Ag+
Sodium Na+
Zinc Zn2+

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 PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

1 2 Group 3 4 5 6 7 0
1 4
1 H 2
He

Hydrogen Helium

7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
3 Li 4 Be 5 B 6
C 7
N 8
O 9
F 10
Ne

Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

23 24 27 28 31 32 35 40
11
Na 12
Mg 13
Al 14 Si 15
P 16 S 17 Cl 18 Ar

Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
19 K 20
Ca 21 Sc 22 Ti 23 V 24 Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni 29 Cu 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34Se 35 Br 36 Kr
20

(4462-02)
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton

86 88 89 91 93 96 99 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
37 Rb 38
Sr 39 Y 40 Zr 41 Nb 42 Mo 43 Tc 44 Ru 45 Rh 46
Pd 47
Ag 48 Cd 49
In 50 Sn 51 Sb 52
Te 53
I 54
Xe

Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon

133 137 139 179 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 210 210 222
55
Cs 56
Ba 57
La 72
Hf 73
Ta 74
W 75
Re 76
Os 77
Ir 78
Pt 79
Au 80
Hg 81
Tl Pb 83
Bi 84
Po 85
At 86
Rn
82

Caesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon

223 226 227

87
Fr 88
Ra 89
Ac

Francium Radium Actinium

Key:

Mass number A
X Element Symbol
Atomic number Z
Name