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No. 6 2 4 4 0 1
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Chemistry
Advanced Question Leave
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Unit Test 4 1
Monday 19 June 2006 – Afternoon 2
Time: 1 hour 30 minutes 3
4
5
Materials required for examination Items included with question papers
6
Nil Nil

Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and
signature.
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.
Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.

Information for Candidates

The total mark for this paper is 75. The marks for individual questions and parts of questions are
shown in round brackets: e.g. (2). There are 16 pages in this question paper. All blank pages are
indicated.
A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this booklet.
You may use a calculator.

Advice to Candidates
You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentation in your answers.

Total
This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with
Edexcel Limited copyright policy.
©2006 Edexcel Limited. Turn over
Printer’s Log. No.

N22201A
W850/R6244/57570 7/7/7/4/14,600
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Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1. (a) Aluminium chloride, Al2Cl6, is formed when dry chlorine is passed over heated
aluminium.

(i) Write the equation for the reaction between aluminium and chlorine.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) What types of bonding exist in aluminium chloride, Al2Cl6?

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Silicon tetrachloride, SiCl4, is vigorously hydrolysed by water.

(i) Write an equation for this hydrolysis reaction.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Suggest, with a reason, a specific safety precaution when this reaction is carried
out.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(c) Carbon also forms a tetrachloride, CCl4.

(i) State the shape of the CCl4 molecule.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Explain why carbon tetrachloride is not hydrolysed by water.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(3)

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(d) When lead(IV) oxide is added to concentrated hydrochloric acid at room temperature,
the following reaction occurs:

PbO2(s) + 4HCl(aq) → PbCl2(s) + Cl2(g) + 2H2O(l)

What property of lead(IV) oxide is shown by this reaction?

.......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(e) A student suggested two possibilities for the reaction between tin(IV) oxide and
concentrated hydrochloric acid:

I SnO2 + 4HCl → SnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O

II SnO2 + 4HCl → SnCl4 + 2H2O

Use your knowledge of the chemistry of Group 4 to predict which of the above
reactions is the more likely. Explain your reasoning.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(2) Q1

(Total 13 marks)

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2. An organic compound, A, with molecular formula C5H10O contains a carbonyl group.

(a) Compound A is reacted with iodine in the presence of alkali. A pale yellow
precipitate forms.

(i) What is the formula of this precipitate?

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) What does this reaction indicate about the structure of A?

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii) Compound A has a branched carbon chain.

Draw the structural formula and give the name of A.
Formula

Name ......................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Pentanal is a structural isomer of A.

When heated with Fehling’s solution, it reacts to produce sodium pentanoate and a
red precipitate.

(i) Identify the homologous series to which pentanal belongs.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Suggest the identity of the red precipitate formed in this reaction.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(c) State a reagent which could be used to convert the sodium pentanoate made in the
reaction above into pentanoic acid.

.......................................................................................................................................
(1)

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(d) Solid sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3, is reacted with excess concentrated
pentanoic acid solution.

(i) State what you would see as this reaction proceeds.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.

................................................................................................................................
(2) Q2

(Total 10 marks)

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3. (a) (i) Calculate the pH of 0.050 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid.

(1)

(ii) Calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions, in mol dm–3, in this solution.
At this temperature, Kw = 1.00 × 10–14 mol2 dm–6.

(1)

(b) Phosphoric(V) acid, H3PO4, is a weak acid, forming the following equilibrium in
water:

H3PO4(aq) + H2O(l) U H2PO4–(aq) + H3O+(aq)

(i) Write an expression for the acid dissociation constant, Ka, for phosphoric(V)
acid.

(1)

(ii) Given that a 0.500 mol dm–3 solution of phosphoric(V) acid has a pH of 1.20,
calculate the value of Ka, stating its units.
Assume that there is no further dissociation of the H2PO4– ion.

(4)

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(c) The H2PO4– ion formed when phosphoric(V) acid is added to water can dissociate
further into HPO42– .

H2PO4–(aq) + H2O(l) U HPO42–(aq) + H3O+(aq)

.................. .................. .................. ..................

(i) In the spaces below the equation, identify the acid base conjugate pairs.
(2)

(ii) Explain why very little dissociation of the H2PO4– ion occurs in solutions of
phosphoric(V) acid.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1)

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(d) The change in pH when 25.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm–3 phosphoric(V) acid is titrated
with sodium hydroxide solution of the same concentration can be seen on the graph
below.

pH 4

1
10 20 30
Volume of 0.100 mol dm–3 sodium
hydroxide solution added/cm3

From the list below, select a suitable indicator for this titration. Justify your choice.

pKIn
bromocresol green 4.7
bromothymol blue 7.0
phenolphthalein 9.3

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(2) Q3

(Total 12 marks)

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4. The following data relate to the thermodynamic changes which occur when Group 2
hydroxides dissolve in water.

Enthalpy of hydration of Mg2+ –1890 kJ mol–1

Enthalpy of hydration of Ba2+ –1275 kJ mol–1
Enthalpy of hydration of OH– –550 kJ mol–1
Lattice energy of Mg(OH)2 –2995 kJ mol–1
Lattice energy of Ba(OH)2 –2320 kJ mol–1

(a) (i) Define the term enthalpy of hydration.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) Explain why this enthalpy change is always exothermic.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Why is the lattice energy of magnesium hydroxide more exothermic than that of
barium hydroxide?

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(3)

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(c) (i) Draw a labelled Hess’s law cycle to show how the lattice energy and the
enthalpies of hydration are related to the enthalpy of solution of
magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2(s).

(3)

(ii) Use your cycle and the data to calculate the enthalpy of solution of
magnesium hydroxide. Include a sign and units with your answer.

(2)

(d) Use the data to explain how the solubility of barium hydroxide compares with that of
magnesium hydroxide.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(3) Q4

(Total 15 marks)

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5. The painkilling drug ibuprofen has the formula
H CH3

—
H3C—C—CH2—C6H4—C—COOH

—
CH3 H

(a) (i) On the diagram above, circle the chiral centre.

(1)

(ii) Explain what is meant by the term chiral.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) Ibuprofen exists as a pair of optical isomers. How can these two isomers be
distinguished?

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(c) The formula of ibuprofen can be represented as RCOOH.

Consider the following reaction scheme involving ibuprofen:

O O O
—

—
—

R—C R—C R—C R—CN

—

OH Cl NH2
Ibuprofen A B C

(i) Suggest reagents for the conversion of:

ibuprofen to A,

................................................................................................................................

B to C.

................................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) Classify the type of reaction converting A into B.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

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(d) The amide, B, can be converted into a primary amine.
Give the reagents for this reaction.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(e) Ibuprofen and compound A both react with ethanol to form the same organic product.

(i) Draw the structural formula of this product.

You may use R— to represent the same portion of the carbon chain as in (c).

(1)

(ii) Suggest TWO reasons why it is preferable to use A, rather than ibuprofen, to
carry out this reaction.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(f) Compound C can be converted back to ibuprofen.

Name the reagent and state the conditions for this reaction.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(2) Q5

(Total 14 marks)

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6. Hydrogen sulphide, H2S, is partially decomposed when heated.

2H2S(g) U 2H2(g) + S2(g) ∆H = +170 kJ mol–1

0.500 mol of gaseous H2S were placed in a flask of volume 20.0 dm3 and heated until
equilibrium was reached.

(a) Write an expression for the equilibrium constant, Kc, for this reaction.

(1)

(b) When equilibrium was established, there were 0.350 moles of hydrogen sulphide in
the flask.

Calculate the value of Kc at this temperature to two significant figures. State its
units.

(5)

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(c) The pressure in the reaction vessel was increased. By considering any change in Kc,
explain the effect on the equilibrium position.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(3)

(d) State the effect, if any, on the value of Kc of:

(i) adding a catalyst,

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) increasing the temperature.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1) Q6

(Total 11 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END

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