Candidate

Centre Number Number

Candidate Name

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level
and Advanced Level
CHEMISTRY 9701/2
PAPER 2 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER SESSION 2002
1 hour

Candidates answer on the question paper.

Additional materials:
Data Booklet

TIME 1 hour

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
A Data Booklet is provided.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE

TOTAL

This question paper consists of 10 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

SP (SM/JB) S07971/7
UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE
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1 (a) Draw a diagram to show the Boltzmann distribution of molecular energies. Label the axes.

[2]

(b) Comment on the shape of the distribution curve.

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(c) (i) Explain the meaning of the term activation energy.

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(ii) Insert and label the activation energy in your diagram in (a). [2]

(d) (i) Use a dotted line added to your diagram in (a) to show how the distribution of
molecular energies changes at a slightly higher temperature (label this curve +δT ).

(ii) Use this new line to explain why reactions are faster at a higher temperature.

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[Total : 8]

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2 Ethanoic acid is a common ingredient in cooking. It is also used in industry as a reagent.

(a) Ethanoic acid is a weak acid.

(i) Explain, in Bronsted-Lowry terms, what is meant by an acid.

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(ii) Explain, with the aid of an equation, the term weak acid.

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[3]

(b) Ethanoic acid, CH3CO2H, reacts with ethanol, C2H5OH, to produce ethyl ethanoate and
water. The reaction is an example of dynamic equilibrium.

CH3CO2H + C2H5OH CH3CO2C2H5 + H2O

(i) Explain what is meant by dynamic equilibrium.

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(ii) Write an expression for the equilibrium constant, Kc, for this reaction.

[2]

(c) A mixture of 6.0 g of ethanoic acid and 6.0 g of ethanol was added to 4.4 g of ethyl
ethanoate and the overall mixture allowed to reach equilibrium. It was found that
0.040 mol of ethanoic acid was present in the equilibrium mixture.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of each compound, both initially and at equilibrium.
Place the results in the spaces provided.

CH3CO2H + C2H5OH CH3CO2C2H5 + H2O

initially .............. .............. .............. 0.00

at equilibrium 0.040 .............. .............. ..............

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(ii) Calculate the equilibrium constant, K c, for the reaction.

(iii) Explain why Kc in this reaction has no units.

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[Total : 9]

3 The oxides of the third period include the following:

Na2O; MgO; Al 2O3; SO2; SO3.
(a) Showing outer electrons only, draw a dot-and-cross electron diagram for magnesium
oxide, MgO.

[1]

(b) From the list above, identify one oxide (in each case) which fits the description given.

(i) An oxide that reacts with water forming a strongly alkaline solution.

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(ii) An oxide that is insoluble in water.

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(iii) An oxide that reacts vigorously with water forming a strongly acidic solution.

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(iv) An oxide that has a simple molecular structure.

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(v) An oxide that acts as a food preservative.

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[5]
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(c) Write equations for the reaction of

(i) aluminium oxide and dilute hydrochloric acid,

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(ii) sulphur dioxide and aqueous sodium hydroxide.

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[2]

(d) Antimony, Sb, has been known for about 6000 years. It is present in many ancient forms
of bronze, but now its main use is to strengthen lead alloys.
Antimony is produced in a two-stage process from stibnite, a sulphide ore, Sb2S3.
The ore is first roasted in oxygen to form the oxide.

2Sb2S3 + .............. O2 → Sb4O6 + ..............SO2

(i) Balance the above equation.

The oxide is then reduced with carbon.

Sb4O6 + 3C → 4Sb + 3CO2

(ii) What is the oxidation number of antimony in Sb4O6?

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(iii) Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide, measured at room temperature and
pressure, that would be produced by the processing of 10 moles of Sb2S3.

[4]

[Total : 12]

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4 Ammonia is manufactured from nitrogen and hydrogen by the Haber process.
Hydrogen is usually obtained by reacting methane and steam; the by-product is carbon
monoxide.

(a) Construct a balanced equation for this production of hydrogen.

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The reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen is exothermic and incomplete.

(b) (i) Write an equation for the Haber process.

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(ii) State the three conditions necessary for the efficient working of a Haber process
plant.

1. ..............................................................................................................................

2. ..............................................................................................................................

3. ..............................................................................................................................

(iii) Draw a flow diagram to show how the gases pass through the plant. The part
where the ammonia is formed should be called the converter. Label the flow
diagram to explain the process.

[6]

(c) Explain why the pressure you have quoted in (b)(ii) is used.

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(d) Most of the ammonia produced which is not used as fertiliser, is oxidised to nitric acid,
HNO3.
Construct an equation for the oxidation of ammonia by atmospheric oxygen to form
nitric acid.

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(e) Urea, CO(NH2)2, is a naturally occurring substance which can be hydrolysed with water
to form ammonia according to the following equation.

H2O(l) + CO(NH2)2(aq) → CO2(aq) + 2NH3(aq)

The standard enthalpy changes of formation of water, urea, carbon dioxide and ammonia
(in aqueous solution) are given below.

compound ∆H f /kJ mol–1

⭋
H2O(l) – 287.0

CO(NH2)2(aq) – 320.5

CO2(aq) – 414.5

NH3(aq) – 81.0

Use these data to calculate the standard enthalpy change for the hydrolysis of urea.

[2]

[Total : 12]

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5 Samples of the following compounds were labelled A to E as shown.

A CH3CH2CH2OH
B CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3
C CH3CHO
D CH3COCH3
E CH3CH=CHCH3

Complete the table below by inserting the letter (or letters) of the compounds that correspond
to each test.

reagent observation letter(s)

acidified potassium green colour obtained
dichromate(VI) on boiling
acidified potassium ethanoic acid obtained
manganate(VII) on boiling
hydrogen in the presence
hydrogen absorbed
of a platinum catalyst
brown-red precipitate
Fehling’s reagent
obtained on boiling

2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine orange precipitate

bromine in an inert
solution decolourised
solvent
[9]

[Total : 9]

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6 Pentan-1-ol, C5H11OH, is important in the synthesis of organic compounds.

(a) Give the structural formula of another primary alcohol which is an isomer of pentan-1-ol.

[1]

(b) (i) Write a balanced equation for the preparation of 1-bromopentane from pentan-1-ol.

(ii) This preparation gives a yield of 60%. Calculate the mass of pentan-1-ol required
to produce 15.0 g of 1-bromopentane.

[3]

(c) Dehydration of pentan-1-ol produces pent-1-ene. Sketch on the diagram below the
orbital overlap between the two carbon atoms. Label the bonds.

H H

C C

H C3H7
[2]

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(d) The two compounds below are among many secreted by insects to attract members of
the same species. Such compounds are used in traps to control insect populations.
They need to be made synthetically.
For each synthesis outline how they could be prepared from pentan-1-ol, giving the
necessary reagents and conditions.

(i) CH3(CH2)3CO2H

(ii) CH3CO2(CH2)4CH3

[4]

[Total : 10]

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