3.2.5. Metallic Bonding PDF

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Cambridge​ ​IGCSE​ ​Chemistry

Topic​ ​3:​ ​atoms,​ ​elements​ ​and


compounds
Metallic​ ​bonding​ ​(Extended​ ​candidates​ ​only)

Notes

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(Extended​ ​only)​ ​Describe​ ​metallic​ ​bonding​ ​as​ ​a​ ​lattice​ ​of​ ​positive​ ​ions​ ​in​ ​a
‘sea​ ​of​ ​electrons’​ ​and​ ​use​ ​this​ ​to​ ​describe​ ​the​ ​electrical​ ​conductivity​ ​and
malleability​ ​of​ ​metals

● metallic​ ​bonding:​ ​a​ ​regular​ ​lattice​ ​of​ ​+​ ​metal​ ​ions​ ​surrounded​ ​by​ ​a​ ​sea​ ​of
delocalised​ ​electrons
● Metals​ ​consist​ ​of​ ​giant​ ​structures​ ​of​ ​atoms​ ​arranged​ ​in​ ​a​ ​regular​ ​pattern.
● The​ ​electrons​ ​in​ ​the​ ​outer​ ​shell​ ​of​ ​metal​ ​atoms​ ​are​ ​delocalised​ ​and​ ​so​ ​are​ ​free​ ​to
move​ ​through​ ​the​ ​whole​ ​structure.
● The​ ​sharing​ ​of​ ​delocalised​ ​electrons​ ​gives​ ​rise​ ​to​ ​strong​ ​metallic​ ​bonds.

● electrical​ ​conductivity:​ ​metals​ ​can​ ​conduct​ ​electricity​ ​because​ ​the​ ​sea​ ​of
delocalised​ ​electrons​ ​is​ ​able​ ​to​ ​move
● malleability:​ ​the​ ​regular​ ​arrangement​ ​of​ ​equally​ ​sized​ ​metal​ ​ions​ ​means​ ​that​ ​the
layers​ ​of​ ​ions​ ​are​ ​able​ ​to​ ​slide​ ​over​ ​each​ ​other​ ​easily,without​ ​the​ ​metal
shattering,​ ​ ​making​ ​metals​ ​malleable

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