Arduino:: Objectiv Theoretical Background

Experiment #01: Introduction to Mechatronics lab and overview of lab
equipment:
 Objective:
 To introduce the basic components of mechatronic lab.
 To familiar with the basic components and working of components.
 Theoretical Background:
Some of the basic things which will be used during the experiments are given
below:
 Arduino:
Arduino refers to an open-source electronics platform or board and the software used to program
it. It consists of many pins, ports Reset button and AT mega microcontroller. The brain of
Arduino has AT mega microcontroller where program is processing. Arduino has many types
like Arduino UNO, mega , micro, nano.
 Breadboard:
A board for making an experimental model of an electric circuit. A thin plastic board used to
hold electronic components (transistors, potentiometer, led, resistors, chips, etc.) that are wired
together. Simply we can be called as platform for holding the electronic components for making
the circuit according to our requirements. The construction of breadboard is very simple in
construction. On both end of Breadboard it consists of two rows(holes are connected with each
other within one row), and in the mid it consists of many columns(In one column, the holes are
connected with each other within one column)
1
 Vero board: It is a brand of stripboard, a pre-formed circuit board material of
copper strips on an insulating bonded paper board which was originated and developed
in the early 1960s by the Electronics Department of Vero Precision Engineering Ltd
(VPE).
In using Veroboard, components are suitably positioned and soldered to the conductors to form
the required circuit. Breaks can be made in the tracks, usually around holes, to divide the strips
into multiple electrical nodes enabling increased circuit complexity.
 Resistor:
A resistor is the passive two terminal component Resistor offer resistance to electric current.
In simply, Resistor control he flows of current.
Power is dissipated along the resistor.
2
 Types of resistor:
1. Wire wound resistor
2. Carbon composition resistor
3. Surface mount resistor
4. fusible resistor
5. Thermistor
6. Film type resistor
i. Carbon coated
ii. Metal coated
 Possible combination of Resistors:
 Resistor in series:
Req = R1 + R2 + R3
 Resistor in parallel:
1/Req= 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
 Capacitor:
A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores potential energy
in an electric field. The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance.
Possible combination of Capacitor:

 Capacitor in parallel:
Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3
 Capacitor in series:
1/Ceq= 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3
3
 Semi-conductor:
A semiconductor material has an electrical conductivity value falling between
that of a conductor – such as copper, gold etc. – and an insulator, such as glass.
 Diode:
A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in
one direction; it has low resistance in one direction, and high resistance in the other.
 Transistor:
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic
signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three
terminals for connection to an external circuit.
 Rectification:
Rectifier, an electrical device that converts alternating electrical current (AC),
which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC) Rectified airspeed, a means of
displaying the airspeed of high-speed aircraft.
Half wave rectification:

Rectification is the conversion of alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).
A half-wave rectifier is a circuit that allows only one half-cycle of the AC voltage waveform to
be applied to the load, resulting in one non-alternating polarity across it.
4
Full wave rectification:
A Full Wave Rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac voltage into a pulsating
DC voltage using both half cycles of the applied ac voltage. It uses two diodes of which one
conducts during one half cycle while the other conducts during the other half cycle of the applied
ac voltage.

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Experiment #01: Introduction to Mechatronics lab and overview of lab

Possible combination of Capacitor:

Half wave rectification:

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