June 25, 2019

CHEMISTRY (2 Semester) – SY 2019 - 2020

nd

I. CONCENTRATION UNITS

1. Calculate the molarity of the solution when 95.5 g of CaCl2, calcium chloride, is dissolved in enough water to

make 1.25 L of solution.

2. What is the molarity of a solution consisting of 11.8 g of NaOH dissolved in enough water to make 300 mL of

solution?

3. What is the molality of an alloy containing .03 g of silver and 4.75 g of iron?
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4. Calculate the percent by mass of the solute in an aqueous solution of 2.0 g I 2 in 125 g methanol.

5. Challenge Problem: Concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) is 36.5% HCl by mass. Its density is 1.18

g/mL.

a. Calculate the molality of HCl.

b. Calculate the molarity of HCl.

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6. Challenge Problem: An aqueous solution contains 167 g CuSO4 in 820 mL of solution. The density

of the solution is 1.195 g/mL. Calculate the following:

a. Molarity

b. Percent by mass

c. Molality of the solution

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II. Raoult’s Law and Henry’s Law

28. The solubility of gases in water usually decreases with

A) increasing pressure. B) increasing temperature. C) decreasing temperature.
Ans:  B Category:  Easy Section:  13.4

29. Oxygen gas makes up 21 % of the atmosphere by volume. What is the solubility of O2(g) in water at
25°C if the atmospheric pressure is 741 mmHg? The Henry's law constant for oxygen gas at 25°C
is 1.3  10–3 mol/L·atm.
A) 2.7  10–4 M D) 9.6  10–3 M
B) 1.3  10 M –3
E) 0.96 M
C) 6.2  10–3 M
Ans:  A Category:  Medium Section:  13.5

30. The solubility of nitrogen gas at 25°C and a nitrogen pressure of 522 mmHg is 4.7  10 – 4 mol/L.
What is the value of the Henry's Law constant in mol/L·atm?
A) 6.8  10–4 mol/L·atm D) 9.0  10–7 mol/L·atm
B) 4.7  10 mol/L·atm
–4
E) 1.5  103 mol/L·atm
C) 3.2  10–4 mol/L·atm
Ans:  A Category:  Medium Section:  13.5

32. The solubility of CO2 gas in water

A) increases with increasing temperature.
B) decreases with decreasing temperature.
C) decreases with increasing temperature.
D) is not dependent on temperature.

33. The solubility of CO2 gas in water

A) increases with increasing gas pressure.
B) increases with decreasing gas pressure.
C) decreases with increasing gas pressure.
D) is not dependent on pressure.

34. At 10°C one volume of water dissolves 3.10 volumes of chlorine gas at 1.00 atm pressure. What is
the Henry's Law constant in mol/L·atm?
A) 3.8 B) 0.043 C) 36. D) 3.1 E) 0.13

35. According to Raoult's law, which statement is false?

A) The vapor pressure of a solvent over a solution decreases as its mole fraction increases.
B) The solubility of a gas increases as the temperature decreases.
C) The vapor pressure of a solvent over a solution is less than that of pure solvent.
D) The greater the pressure of a gas over a solution the greater its solubility.
E) Ionic solutes dissociate in solution causing an enhancement of all colligative properties.
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36. Consider a solution made from a nonvolatile solute and a volatile solvent. Which statement is true?
A) The vapor pressure of the solution is always greater than the vapor pressure of the pure
solvent.
B) The boiling point of the solution is always greater than the boiling point of the pure solvent.
C) The freezing point of the solution is always greater than the freezing point of the pure solvent.
Ans:  B Category:  Medium Section:  13.6

37. The vapor pressure of water at 20°C is 17.5 mmHg. What is the vapor pressure of water over a
solution prepared from 2.00  102 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) and 3.50  102 g water?
A) 0.51 mmHg D) 18.0 mmHg
B) 16.0 mmHg E) 19.4 mmHg
C) 17.0 mmHg

III. Boiling Point Elevation, Freezing Point Depression, Osmotic Pressure

What is the freezing point of a solution that contains 10.0 g of glucose (C6H12O6) in 100. g of H2O? Kf for
water is 1.86°C/m.
A) –0.186°C B) +0.186°C C) –0.10°C D) +0.10°C E) –1.03°C
Ans:  E Category:  Medium Section:  13.6

During osmosis
A) pure solvent diffuses through a membrane but solutes do not.
B) pure solutes diffuse through a membrane but solvent does not.
C) pure solvent and a solution both diffuse at the same time through a membrane.
D) gases diffuse through a membrane into a solution and build up pressure.

46. Calculate the freezing point of a solution made from 22.0 g of octane (C8H18) dissolved in 148.0 g of
benzene. Benzene freezes at 5.50°C and its Kf value is 5.12°C/m.
A) –1.16°C B) 0.98°C C) 6.66°C D) 12.2°C E) 5.49°C

47.What is the freezing point of a solution prepared from 50.0 g ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) and 85.0 g H2O?
Kf of water is 1.86°C/m.
A) 17.6°C B) –176°C C) –1.50°C D) 1.50°C E) –17.6°C

48. A solution that contains 55.0 g of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in 250. g of water freezes at –2.34°C.
Calculate the molar mass (in units of g/mol) of the solute. Kf of water is 1.86°C/m.
A) 1.26 B) 10.9 C) 43.6 D) 175 E) 277

49. What is the molar mass of toluene if 0.85 g of toluene depresses the freezing point of 100. g of
benzene by 0.47°C? Kf of benzene is 5.12°C/m.
A) 92.6 g/mol B) 78.0 g/mol C) 10.7 g/mol D) 81.8 g/mol E) 927 g/mol
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52.What is the osmotic pressure of a solution that contains 13.7 g of propyl alcohol (C3H7OH) dissolved in
enough water to make 500. mL of solution at 27°C?
A) 0.014 atm B) 0.037 atm C) 0.456 atm D) 0.01 atm E) 11.2 atm
Ans:  E Category:  Medium Section:  13.6

53. What is the freezing point of an aqueous solution of a nonvolatile solute that has a boiling point of
102.5°C? For water Kf = 1.86°C/m and Kb = 0.52°C/m.
A) –8.94°C B) –366°C C) –0.99°C D) 0.99°C E) 8.94°C

57.When 12.1 g of the sugar sucrose (a nonelectrolyte) are dissolved in exactly 800 g of water, the solution
has a freezing point of –0.082°C. What is the molar mass of sucrose? Kf of water is 1.86°C/m.
A) 426 g B) 99.2 g C) 178 g D) 266 g E) 343 g

58. What is the osmotic pressure of a 0.25 M solution of sucrose at 37°C? (R = 0.0821 Latm/Kmol)
A) 6.6  10–5 atm B) 0.76 atm C) 6.4 atm D) 100 atm E) 940 atm

59. How many grams of sucrose (C12H22O11, 342.3 g/mol) would be needed to make 2.5 L of a solution
with an osmotic pressure of 14 atm at 25°C? (R = 0.0821 Latm/Kmol)
A) 0.57 g B) 6.8 g C) 2.0  102 g D) 4.9  102 g E) 5.8  103 g

I. Identification. Given the following substance, identify the following:

A. HCl

B. HF

C. Cl2

1. Lowest viscosity.

2. Lowest melting point.

3. Highest surface tension.

4. Highest evaporation rate.

5. Strongest force of IMFA.

1. Which of the following statements describes an ionic bond in salt molecules?

a. It occurs between two metallic atoms.
b. It occurs between two non-metal atoms.
c. It occurs when two non-metal atoms share their electrons.
d. It occurs when a metal transfers an electron to a non-metal atom.

2. Which of the following conditions is present in a non-polar covalent bond?

a. It has equal sharing of electrons resulting to absence of dipole moments.
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b. It has equal sharing of electrons resulting to presence of dipole moments.
c. It has unequal sharing of electrons resulting to absence of dipole moments.
d. It has unequal sharing of electrons resulting to presence of dipole moments.

3. Which of the following characteristics DESCRIBES the properties of CH 3Br (dipole-dipole) and CBr4 (London
Dispersion Force)?
a. CH3Br can boil faster than CBr4.
b. CH3Br has less evaporation rate (vapor pressure).
c. CBr4 is less viscous than CH3Br.
d. CBr4 can cover less surface area.

4. Which of the following statements describe a compound with low melting point?
a. It has slow evaporation rate.
b. It has greater resistance to flow.
c. It can push less pressure in vapor form.
d. It has greater energy requirement to cover a surface.

5. In the HCl molecule, the atoms are held by

a. ionic compound
b. polar covalent bond
c. hydrogen bond
d. nonpolar covalent bond

6. A covalent bond
a. involves shared electrons
b. results from the transfer of electrons
c. is formed by sharing protons
d. is also called electrovalent

7. In a polar bond
a. electrons are transferred
b. there are London forces
c. electrons are equally shared
d. there is unequal charge distribution

8. Which of the following molecules is a dipole?

a. BF3
b. CH4
c. NH3
d. CCl4

9. Which pair forms the most polar bond?

a. HF
b. HBr
c. HCl
d. HI

10. Which compound has only London dispersion forces?

a. H2O
b. NH3
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c. CO2
d. HF

11. How is London dispersion force formed?

a. Constant motion of electrons
b. Hydrogen bonding between molecules
c. Attraction between partially positive and partially negative ends of polar molecules
d. Existence of a highly electronegative atom in the molecule

12. What type of chemical bond holds the atoms together within a water molecule?
a. Ionic bond
b. Polar covalent bond
c. Nonpolar covalent bond
d. Coordinate covalent bond

13. Which one of the following is most likely to be a covalent compound?

a. KF
b. CaCl2
c. SF4
d. Al2O3
e. CaSO4

14. Complete this sentence: The PCl5 molecule has

a. nonpolar bonds, and is a nonpolar molecule.
b. nonpolar bonds, but is a polar molecule.
c. polar bonds, and is a polar molecule.
d. polar bonds, but is a nonpolar molecule.

15. With which type of substances do London dispersion forces play the most significant role?
a. polar molecules
b. non-polar molecules
c. metals
d. network compounds
e. ionic compounds

16. Which one of the following is linked with the correct intermolecular force of attraction?
a. NH3 dipole-dipole
b. AlH3 London dispersion forces
c. H2 hydrogen bonding
d. C2H4 covalent bonding
e. HCl ionic

17. Which type of solid generally has the highest melting point?
a. Metallic
b. Molecular
c. Ionic
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d. network

18. The vapor pressure of a liquid increases with an increase of temperature. Which of the following best
explains this increase?
a. The average kinetic energy of molecules is greater, thus more molecules can enter the gaseous state.
b. The number of gaseous molecules above the liquid remains constant but these molecules have greater
average kinetic energy.
c. the faster moving molecules in the liquid exert a greater pressure.
d. All the molecules have greater kinetic energies.
e. The intermolecular forces between the molecules becomes less at higher temperatures.

19. Which property of water allows a razor blade to float on it without sinking?
a. Viscosity
b. surface tension
c. density
d. specific heat
e. triple point

20. The vapor pressure of a liquid in a closed container depends upon

a. the amount of liquid.
b. the temperature.
c. the surface area of the liquid.
d. the volume of the container
e. None of the above.