MODULE CHS 5 Perform Mensuration and Calculation

INTERACTIVE
MODULE
FOR
COMPUTER
HARDWARE
SERVICING
Teacher: Joel Cabusao Lacay
Educ’l Attainment: BS Computer Science
Subject: Computer Hardware Servicing NC II
Topic: Perform Mensuration and Calculation
Module Content:
Lesson 5: Perform Mensuration and Calculation
LO1. Select Components to Be Measured
Pre-test. Direction. Match items on Column A with Column B. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Chips that are located on the motherboard. A. Registers

2. A magnetic storage device that is installed inside B. Flash drive or
Thumb drive
the computer.
3. Early drive controller interface that connects computers and C. Read-only
memory
hard disk drives which an interface that uses a 40-pin connector.
4. Temporary storage for data and programs that are being D. IDE
accessed by the CPU.
5. A storage device that uses lasers to read data on the E. Floppy drive
optical media
6. A storage device that uses removable 3.5- inch disks. F. Random access
memory
7. Soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board. G. Optical
drive
8. A removable storage device that connects to a USB port. H. DDR
9. Memory cells built right into the CPU that contain specific I. Hard drive
data needed particularly the Arithmetic and Logic Unit.
10. Technology that doubles the maximum bandwidth of SDRAM. J.
Memory module
Definition of Terms
Bit - a fundamental unit of information having just two possible values, as either of
the binary digits 0 or 1.
Byte - a unit of digital information in computing and telecommunications that most
commonly consists of eight bits.
Booting – starting (a computer) by loading an operating system from a disk.
Electronic storage - a device for recording (storing) information (data).
Firewire - Apple Computer's version of a standard, IEEE 1394, High Performance
Serial Bus, for connecting devices to your personal computer.
Hot-swappable - the connection and disconnection of peripherals or other
components without interrupting system operation.
Interface - the point of interaction or communication between a computer and any
other entity, such as a printer or human operator.
Laser - a device that emits light (electromagnetic radiation) through a process of
optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of photons.
Magnetic platter - a thin, high precision disk that is coated on both sides with a high
precision magnetic material and which is used in a hard disk drive (HDD) to store
data.
Memory module - a narrow printed circuit board that holds memory chips. Magnetic
storage media - any storage medium in which different patterns of magnetization are
used to represent stored bits or bytes of information.
Operating system - a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and
provide common services for application software.
Optical storage media - any storage in which data is written and read with a laser for
archival or backup purposes.
Acronyms
HDD – hard disk drive
IDE - Integrated Drive Electronics
MEMORY
Although memory is technically any form of electronic

storage, it is used most often to identify fast, temporary
forms of storage. If your computer's CPU had to constantly
access the hard drive to retrieve every piece of data it needs,
it would operate very slowly. When the information is kept in
memory, the CPU can access it much more quickly. Most
forms of memory are intended to store data temporarily.
The CPU accesses memory according to a distinct hierarchy. Whether it comes

from permanent storage (the hard drive) or input (the keyboard), most data goes in
random access memory (RAM) first. The CPU then stores pieces of data it will need to
access, often in a cache, and maintains certain special instructions in the register
Read-only memory (ROM) chips are located in the motherboard. ROM chips contain
instructions that can be directly accessed by the CPU. Basic instructions for booting
the computer and loading the operating system are stored in ROM. ROM chips retain
their contents even when the computer is powered down. The contents cannot be
erased or changed by normal means.
Random access memory (RAM) is the temporary storage for data and programs that
are being accessed by the CPU. RAM is volatile memory, which means that the
contents are erased when the computer is powered off. The more RAM in a computer,
the more capacity the computer has to hold and process large programs and files, as
well as enhance system performance.
Early computers had RAM installed in the motherboard as individual chips. The
individual memory chips, called dual inline package (DIP) chips, was difficult to install
and often became loose on the motherboard. To solve this problem, designers soldered
the memory chips on a special circuit board called a memory module.
The speed of memory has a direct impact on how much data a processor can process
because faster memory improves the performance of the processor. As processor speed
increases, memory speed must also increase. For example, single-channel memory is
capable of transferring data at 64 bits. Dual-channel memory increases speed by
using a second channel of memory, creating a data transfer rate of 128 bits.
Double Data Rate (DDR) technology doubles the maximum bandwidth of SDRAM.
DDR2 offers faster performance while using less energy. DDR3 operates at even higher
speeds than DDR2; however, none of these DDR technologies are backward- or
forward compatible.
Even with a wide and fast bus, it still takes longer for data to get from the memory
card to the CPU than it takes for the CPU to actually process the data. Caches are
designed to alleviate this bottleneck by making the data used most often by the CPU
instantly available. Registers are memory cells built right into the CPU that contain
specific data needed by the CPU, particularly the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU). An
integral part of the CPU itself, they are controlled directly by the compiler that sends
information for the CPU to process.
STORAGE DRIVES
Storage drives read or write information on magnetic or optical storage media. The
drive can be used to store data permanently or to retrieve information from a media
disk. Storage drives can be installed inside the computer case, such as a hard drive.
For portability, some storage drives can connect to the computer using a USB port, a
FireWire port, or an SCSI port. These portable storage drives are sometimes referred to
as removable drives and can be used on multiple computers. Here are some common
types of storage drives: Floppy drive, Hard drive, Optical drive and Flash drive.
Floppy Drive
A floppy drive, or floppy disk drive, is a storage device that uses

removable 3.5-inch floppy disks. These magnetic floppy disks can
store 720 KB or 1.44 MB of data. In a computer, the floppy drive is
usually configured as the A: drive. The floppy drive can be used to
boot the computer if it contains a bootable floppy disk. A 5.25-
inch floppy drive is older technology and is seldom used.
Hard Drive
A hard drive, or hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage device that

is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as
permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer, the hard
drive is usually configured as the C: drive and contains the
operating system and applications. The hard drive is often
configured as the first drive in the boot sequence. The storage
capacity of a hard drive is measured in billions of bytes, or
gigabytes (GB). The speed of a hard drive is measured in
revolutions per minute (RPM). Multiple hard drives can be added to increase storage
capacity.
Traditional hard drives are magnetic. Magnetic hard drives have drive motors designed
to spin magnetic platters and the drive heads. In contrast, the newer solid-state drives
(SSDs) do not have moving parts. Because there are no drive motors and moving
parts, the SSD uses far less energy than the magnetic hard drive. Non-volatile flash
memory chips manage all storage on an SSD, which results in faster access to data,
higher reliability, and reduced power usage. SSDs have the same form factor as
magnetic hard drives and use ATA or SATA interfaces. SSDs can be installed as a
replacement for magnetic drives.
Optical Drive
Optical Drive An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers

to read data on the optical media. There are three types of optical
drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-
ray Disc (BD). CD, DVD, and BD media can be pre-recorded
(read-only), recordable (write once), or rewritable (read and write
multiple times).
External Flash
Drive An external flash drive, also known as a thumb drive,

is a removable storage device that connects to a USB port. An
external flash drive uses the same type of non-volatile
memory chips as solid-state drives and does not require
power to maintain the data. These drives can be accessed by
the operating system in the same way that other types of
drives are accessed.
Types of Drive Interfaces
Hard drives and optical drives are manufactured with different interfaces that
are used to connect the drive to the computer. To install a storage drive in a
computer, the connection interface on the drive must be the same as the
controller on the motherboard. Here are some common drive interfaces:
 IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics, also called Advanced Technology

Attachment (ATA) is an early drive controller interface that connects computers
and hard disk drives. An IDE interface uses a 40-pin connector.
 SATA – Serial ATA refers to the serial version of the ATA drive controller
interface. A SATA interface uses a 7-pin data connector.
 SCSI – Small Computer System Interface is a drive controller interface that

can connect up to 15 drives. SCSI can connect both internal and external
drives. An SCSI interface uses a 50-pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin connector.
Evaluation:
Direction. Match items on Column A with Column B. Write your answers on a

separate sheet of paper.
1. A magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer. A. Registers

2. Early drive controller interface that connects computers and B. Flash
drive
hard disk drives which an interface that uses a 40- pin connector.
3. Temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed C. Read-only
memory
by the CPU.
4. A storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media. D. IDE
5. A storage device that uses removable 3.5-inch disks. E. Floppy
drive
6. Soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board. F. Random
access memory
7. A removable storage device that connects to a USB port. G. Optical drive
8. Chips that are located on the motherboard. H. DDR
9. Memory cells built right into the CPU that contain specific data I. Hard drive
needed particularly the Arithmetic and Logic Unit.
10. Technology that doubles the maximum bandwidth of SDRAM. J. Memory module
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1. http://computersystemsolution.com/install-and-configure-computer-system/
2. www.google.com
3. www.yahoo.com
4. www.wikipedia.com
5. Scribd

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INTERACTIVE

Educ’l Attainment: BS Computer Science

Subject: Computer Hardware Servicing NC II

Topic: Perform Mensuration and Calculation

Lesson 5: Perform Mensuration and Calculation

LO1. Select Components to Be Measured

1. Chips that are located on the motherboard. A. Registers

HDD – hard disk drive

IDE - Integrated Drive Electronics

Although memory is technically any form of electronic

The CPU accesses memory according to a distinct hierarchy. Whether it comes

A floppy drive, or floppy disk drive, is a storage device that uses

A hard drive, or hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage device that

Optical Drive An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers

Drive An external flash drive, also known as a thumb drive,

Types of Drive Interfaces

 IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics, also called Advanced Technology

 SCSI – Small Computer System Interface is a drive controller interface that

Direction. Match items on Column A with Column B. Write your answers on a

1. A magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer. A. Registers

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