I. Psychological Tests: What Are other to lift heavy stones A.

Delinquency as a factor
They and Why Do We Need B. Selection of candidates for affecting the development of
Them? the Roman senate intelligence
1. One of the major achievements C. Public service examinations B. Mental age versus
of psychology in the twentieth in ancient China chronological age
century was: D. Hammurabi’s code of civil C. A z-score
A. The development and law D. Verbal versus performance
application of psychological scores
tests 8. The Army Alpha was:
B. The application of tests A. Dependent on the ability to 14. The first self-report test of
during the First World War read and write personality was developed by:
C. The development of the B. A precursor of the Army A. McElwain
Deviation IQ Beta B. Simon
D. The solution of the mind- C. An early index of reliability C. Terman
body problem developed by military D. Woodworth
psychologists
2. Psychological tests are used to: D. The highest grade of 15. The MMPI was designed to:
A. Help make decisions about achievement on a set of tests A. Screen soldiers during the
people developed for the US army Second World War
B. Promote self-understanding during the First World War B. Discriminate between
C. Measure psychological 9. Spearman’s g refers to: normals and patient groups
constructs A. A method of factor analysis with particular diagnoses
D. All of the above devised by Spearman C. Assess personality in
B. Spearman’s theory of normal adults
3. Psychological tests are: intelligence D. Assess Multi-phasic
A. More relevant to C. A statistic devised by Personality Disorder
psychological theory than Spearman as an index of
practice intelligence 16. ‘Empirical keying’ refers to:
B. More relevant to D. The common element in all A. Scoring a test based on its
psychological practice than cognitive tests ability to discriminate between
theory certain identifiable groups of
C. Important tools for 10. Porteus developed an early people.
psychological research performance test based on: B. Scoring a test based on the
D. Rarely used in research A. Block design theory of what is being
settings B. Mazes measured.
C. Non-verbal cues C. Scoring a test using a
4. James McKeen Cattell coined the D. Drawing people scoring key made out of
term mental test in which decade? cardboard in which small holes
A. 1880–1889 11. The Queensland Test was reveal the correct answers.
B. 1890–1899 specifically designed by McElwain D. Empirically validating test
C. 1900–1909 and Kearney to avoid dependency scores via research
D. 1910–1919 on:
A. Spearman’s g 17. Objective tests are objective
5. The first intelligence test was B. Motor performance because:
developed by C. Language of administration A. They are scored in a simple,
A. Binet and Simon D. Mental age straightforward manner
B. Spearman B. Scoring is heavily
C. Stanford and Binet 12. Wechsler based his concept of dependent on the judgment of
D. Terman and Wechsler verbal and performance scales on the scorer
A. The Army Alpha and Beta C. Different scorers are likely
6. The first theory of intelligence B to produce the same test score
was developed by B. Sub-scales from the from the same test
A. Binet and Simon Stanford-Binet test performance.
B. Spearman C. The ideas of mental age and D. They are based on responses
C. Stanford and Binet chronological age to ambiguous stimuli
D. Terman and Wechsler D. Spearman’s theory of
intelligence 18. Projective tests are not objective
7. Evidence of psychological testing because:
can be traced back to: 13. The Deviation IQ is based on A. They are scored in a simple,
A. Cavemen challenging each the notion of: straightforward manner
 B. Scoring is heavily aloud a short passage written in
dependent on the judgment of English 29. Tests used as a sign of
the scorer D. Migrants having to read behaviour require:
C. Different scorers are likely aloud a short passage written in A. An inference from the
to produce the same test score any prescribed language observed behaviour to the
from the same test existence of an underlying
performance. 24. The major forms of disposition
D. They are based on psychological test, as we know B. The direct performance of
responses to ambiguous stimuli them today, had been developed by: the behaviour of interest
A. The Second World War C. A large sample of individual
19. Projective tests originated from B. The 1950s items
A. Freud’s idea that all C. The 1960s D. The use of multiple symbols
behaviour was caused by D. The year 2000
unconscious motivational 30. A psychological test can
effects. 25. Psychological tests are usually become obsolete when:
B. Jung’s theory of composed of a large number of A. Psychological theory
psychological types items because: develops to render the basis of
C. The attempt to develop tests A. Any one item is usually the test obsolete
that did not rely on language. influenced by a host of factors B. Society changes to render
D. Accidentally spilling ink on apart from the psychological the content of items less
a test booklet construct of interest appropriate
B. It is better to measure many C. Society changes to render
20. The Rorschach ink blot test was traits rather than just a few the tests norms obsolete
originally designed to identify: C. Total scores need to be D. All of the above
A. Freudian unconscious calculated from the sum of raw
motivations scores
B. Artistic Ability D. Item response theory II. Psychological Testing and
C. Schizophrenia suggests that many items Assessment:
D. Jungian psychological types should be used Processes, Best Practice, and
Ethics
21. Psychological assessment refers 26. Human judgment is influenced 1. Compared to psychological
to: by: testing, psychological assessment is
A. Mental testing A. Personal bias usually:
B. Testing people using B. Halo effects A. Undertaken to answer
psychological tests C. Errors of central tendency more complex referral
C. The high-level reasoning D. All of the above questions
process involved in the B. Undertaken in two
application of psychological 27. A psychological test is: sessions
procedures A. A measure of personality or C. Cheaper
D. Writing reports based on ability D. Less time consuming
psychological test scores B. An objective procedure for
sampling and quantifying 2. What is psychological
22. The psychological testing human behaviour assessment primarily used for?
enterprise began to be questioned C. A set of questions or items A. Legal decision making
on grounds of: whose answers can be tallied to B. Report writing
A. Privacy yield a total score. C. Research
B. Diversity D. A method of tapping into D. Answering referral
C. Discrimination someone’s unconscious question(s)
D. All of the above
28. Tests used as a sample of 3. _____ is a sub-process of _____:
23. The dictation test, a key tool in behaviour require: A. Psychological Testing;
enforcing the White Australia A. A large sample of Observation
policy, involved: individual items B. Psychological Testing;
A. Migrants having to write B. An inference from the Interviewing
about 50 words dictated in observed behaviour to the C. Interviewing; Psychological
English existence of an underlying Assessment
B. Migrants having to write disposition D. Psychological Assessment;
about 50 words dictated in any C. The direct performance of Observation
prescribed language the behaviour of interest
C. Migrants having to read D. The use of multiple symbols
4. Psychological tests are better B. Price of tests are allowed to buy psychological
than other means of psychological C. Independent reviews of tests tests. This is to ensure that:
assessment because they: D. Administration time of tests A. They can afford to pay for
A. Are cheaper the tests
B. Have norms 12. Which of the following can be B. Confidential test materials
C. Have face validity used to find out which tests have are supplied only to
D. Are suitable for measuring been published? professionals who are
all psychological constructs A. Tests in print appropriately trained and
B. Test catalogue of qualified
5. Which of the following is not psychological corporation C. The test purchasers do not
usually used in psychological C. Encyclopaedia psychologica have a criminal record
assessment? D. Any textbook on D. The tests are supplied only
A. Psychological testing psychological testing to professionals who are
B. Counselling ethical
C. Interviewing 13. Which of the following
D. Observation statements is correct? 17. Before administering a
A. Test developers do not psychological test, a psychologist
6. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence always follow guidelines should ensure that:
Scale is an example of a(n) _____ relating to psychological A. The test has local norms
test: testing published by the B. The test does not have any
A. Individual-administered American psychological copyright restrictions
B. Group-administered association C. The test has been reviewed
C. Computer-administered B. The mental measurements in the mental measurements
D. Criterion-referenced yearbook reviews both yearbook
published and unpublished D. The test is appropriate for
7. The Minnesota Multi-phasic psychological tests use with the particular client in
Personality Inventory – 2 is an C. Test developers always terms of his/her demographics
example of a _____ test: follow guidelines relating to
A. Criterion-referenced psychological testing published 18. Failure to ensure that all the
B. Performance by the American psychological materials required for a
C. Self-report association psychological testing session are in
D. Self-scoring D. The Mental Measurements the test kit and that the test
Yearbook reviews only materials are intact can result in:
8. The Bader Reading and unpublished psychological A. A waste of time for the
Language Inventory is an example tests psychologist and client
of a _____ test: B. A shorter testing time
A. Group-administered 14. The Mental Measurements C. Higher testing fees
B. Computer-administered Yearbook provides: D. The need to use more tests
C. Norm-referenced A. The norms of psychological
D. Criterion-referenced tests 19. According to the authors of the
B. The prices of psychological textbook:
9. Psychological testing is _____ as tests A. Only novice test users make
part of psychological assessment: C. Independent reviews of errors in scoring psychological
A. Rarely used psychological tests tests
B. Always used D. The web sites of B. Only experienced test users
C. Over-used psychological tests make errors in scoring
D. Used, if appropriate. psychological tests
15. The Mental Measurements C. Both novice and
10. Which of the following areas of Yearbook is published by the: experienced test make errors in
psychology does not use A. Australian Council of scoring psychological tests
psychological tests in practice? Educational Research D. None of the above
A. Forensic B. American Psychological
B. Social Association 20. Results for a client on a
C. Educational C. Australian Psychological Society psychological test:
D. Clinical D. Buros Institute of Mental A. Should not be interpreted by
Measurement a computer
11. Which of the following is B. Should be interpreted in
usually not included in the test 16. In Australia and overseas, test isolation
catalogue of a publishing company? publishers usually require test C. Should be interpreted by a
A. Purpose of tests purchasers to register before they computer
 D. Should not be interpreted in 26. If a psychologist violates the B. At about the same time as
isolation ethical principles of the Australian the royal commission into deep
Psychological Society, he/she: sleep therapy
21. A psychological report should: A. May be de-registered by the C. After the royal commission
A. Directly and adequately registration board into deep sleep therapy
answer the referral question B. Will be fined by the D. At about the same time as
B. Be at least 10 pages long australian psychological the establishment of the
C. Use jargon society Australian psychological
D. Be read only by the client C. Will be prosecuted in a society
court of law
22. It is important for a D. May be prosecuted by the III. Test Scores and Norms
psychologist to maintain a clearly australian psychological 1. Raw scores and linear
labeled and well-organized record society transformed scores based on them
of cases seen because: have:
A. It is a requirement of the 27. Which of the following A. The same mean
Australian psychological statements is correct? B. The same standard
society A. Ethics is the same as deviation
B. It is a legal requirement in morality C. The same relationship
many countries B. Unlike laws, codes of ethics among scores
C. It is a requirement of the are readily amended D. The same range
medical insurance companies C. Ethics is something that
D. None of the above cannot be taught 2. Transforming scores on
D. Psychologists who are not psychological tests is done
23. The most extensive set of members of the Australian primarily to:
ethical guidelines issued by the Psychological Society are not A. Protect the privacy of the
Australian Psychological Society is bound by its code of ethics test taker
concerned with: B. Aid interpretation of the
A. Inappropriate sexual 28. The code of ethics of the scores
relationships between clients Australian Psychological Society is C. Make the scores more
and psychologists based on the principles of: manageable
B. Psychological testing and A. Responsibility, D. Make the scores available
assessment Competence, And Propriety for research
C. Informed consent B. Responsibility,
D. Supervision and training of Competence, And Education 3. Criterion referencing of test
psychologists C. Responsibility, Propriety, scores:
And Education A. Provides direct access to
24. ‘Ethics’ can be defined as the D. Propriety, Education, And their meaning
formulation of principles to: Discipline B. Is only the first step in
A. Reduce inappropriate giving them meaning
behaviour 29. At the Royal Commission into C. Is always done with
B. Punish inappropriate Deep Sleep Therapy, the use of psychological tests
behaviour psychological tests by the D. Applies properties of the
C. Reinforce appropriate psychologist involved was normal curve
behaviour criticized because:
D. Guide behaviour A. the tests were too expensive 4. Norm referencing of test scores:
B. the tests used were not A. Compares scores among test
25. If a psychologist is not a developed in Australia takers
member of the Australian C. the tests used were not B. Requires data gathering
Psychological Society, he/she: developed to diagnose with a reasonably large sample
A. Can be exempted legally improvements in psychiatric C. Has been used since the
from following the ethical conditions early history of psychological
guidelines issued by the D. none of the above testing
society D. All of the above
B. Does not need to follow the 30. According to the textbook, the
ethical guidelines issued by the Psychologists Registration Board of 5. Non-linear transformations of
society New South Wales was established test scores
C. Is still bound by the ethical A. Before the royal A. Do not make use of the
guidelines of the society commission into deep sleep equation for a straight line
D. None of the above therapy B. Are inferior to a linear
transformation
 C. Preserve all the features of 11. If a z score of 1.33 is obtained A. For every psychological test
the original scores we know that the person’s raw there is one and only one set of
D. Are seldom used with score: norms
modern psychological tests A. Is above average B. The size of the sample used
B. Is lower than the scores of in developing norms is
6. A T-score transformation: most others on the test irrelevant once the norms have
A. Gives rise to a distribution C. Is about average been developed
of scores with a mean of 50 D. Falls at the 84th percentile C. Different norms may apply
and a standard deviation of 10 for the different purposes for
B. Has the same mean as the 12. A score higher than 65 on an which a test score is used
original distribution of raw MMPI scale is of interest because: D. Norms are best developed
scores A. Most people obtain scores using a criterion referencing
C. Is derived using a non-linear in that range approach
transformation B. Clinical experience suggests
D. Is named after terman, who that it is 17. In test construction:
was the first to use the C. It is more than 1.5 standard A. Random samples from the
transformation deviations above the mean general population are always
D. It is well above the 50 per employed
7. Percentiles: cent correct mark B. Representative samples
A. Is another name for scores from the population of interest
expressed as per cent correct 13. Percentiles can be calculated in are employed
B. Express the person’s score a number of ways. Which of the C. Accidental or convenience
in terms of where it lies in a following is not a way of samples have been found to be
distribution of scores calculating a percentile? as good as any other
C. Are only used when other A. Graphically from a plot of D. Random samples are
transformations are not the cumulative distribution of employed for the initial
possible scores analysis but not subsequently
D. Provide a normal B. By formula
distribution of scores12 C. From tables of the normal 18. Wechsler, in developing the
curve norms for his first test of
8. Z-scores: D. From the equation of a intelligence, used a stratified
A. Can be computed when straight line sampling plan because:
either an estimate of the mean A. The factors on which he
or an estimate of the standard 14. Because normalized standard stratified were known to relate
deviation is available scores follow a normal distribution to intelligence
B. Require access to a table of they: B. This was the quickest way
the normal curve for their A. Preserve the differences norms could be constructed
calculation among the original raw scores C. Intelligence was thought to
C. Were used by wechsler in B. Have the same mean as the be normally distributed
the first edition of his test of original raw score distribution D. Sample size was known to
intelligence C. Are attractive to test be an issue
D. Are rarely used in scoring constructors
psychological tests D. Do not require the use of 19. In estimating a mean from a
the normal curve for their sample:
9. Which of the following is not a interpretation A. The larger the sample size
linear transformation? the smaller the standard
A. Stanine score 15. A score of 115 on a version of deviation of scores
B. T-score Wechsler’s test of intelligence B. The smaller the sample size
C. Z-score means that the score: the smaller the standard
D. Standard score A. Is well below average deviation of scores
B. Is one standard deviation C. The larger the sample size
10. What proportion of scores in a above the average score on that the smaller the standard error
normal distribution lie above a z version of the mean
score of 1? C. Is equivalent to a z score of D. The larger the sample size
A. 50 per cent 1.11513 the larger the standard error of
B. 16 per cent D. Has a percentile rank of 15 the mean
C. 25 per cent
D. 10 per cent 16. Which of the following 20. The Flynn effect refers to the
statements about norms is correct? observation that:
 A. The raw score mean on D. Is twice that between score variance as error in a measure
intelligence tests has remained percentile scores of 15 and 10 increases?
constant over the years A. It increases
B. The standard deviation of 25. A T-score of 40 corresponds to B. It decreases
scores on intelligence tests has a percentile of: C. It remains constant
remained constant over time A. 16 D. Classical test score theory
C. The raw score mean on B. 40 makes no statement on this
intelligence tests has been C. 10 point
increasing over the years D. the percentile cannot be
D. The raw score mean on determined 2. According to classical test score
intelligence tests has been theory, a test score is made up of:
decreasing over the years 26. A sten score of 9.5 A. True score variance and
A. Is obtained by fewer than 5 non-systematic variance
21. Comparing z scores for two per cent of individuals B. Observed score variance
individuals from the same cultural B. Corresponds to a percentile and true score variance
background on a test with norms of 84 C. Observed score variance
from a different culture: C. Is equivalent to a z score of and error variance
A. Is indefensible 2 D. Observed score variance
B. Is meaningful D. Is obtained by more than 20 and systematic variance
C. Can only be done if the per cent of test takers
norms are without error 3. The wording of several items on
D. Can only be done if the 27. The Deviation IQ on a Wechsler a psychological test makes it more
sample size on which the scale at the 50th centile is: likely that test takers will endorse
norms are based is adequate A. 90 the ‘Yes’ rather than the ‘No’
B. 100 option. This is best described as:
22. Checking whether the IQ of an C. 110 A. Systematic variance in the
individual has changed by re- D. 50 test
administering the test with which B. Unsystematic variance in
their IQ was originally measured: 28. A Deviation IQ that corresponds the test
A. Is liable to be in error if the to a stanine of 9: C. Clever item writing
test has been re-normed A. Must be quite high D. A problem for the test taker
between test administrations B. Must be quite low
B. Is not as accurate as using a C. Must be in the middle range 4. Systematic error in a test exerts
different test on the second D. Is on a different scale and what kind of effect on test scores?
occasion hence bears no relationship to A. Random
C. Depends on the length of stanine B. Consistent
the test being used C. Unknowable
D. Is no longer a recommended 29. Normalized standard scores: D. Inconsistent
procedure A. Are based on percentiles
B. Are t scores under another 5. Another way of talking about the
23. The Flynn effect is a factor that name reliability of a test for a particular
needs to be considered: C. Are based on sten scores purpose is to talk about its:
A. With all forms of D. Have a mean of 100 and a A. Dependability
psychological tests standard deviation of 15 B. Validity
B. With personality tests C. Utility
C. With interest tests 30. Wechsler used the z score D. Discriminability
D. With intelligence tests principle on his test:
A. To calculate sub-test scores 6. The proportion of observed score
24. The difference in test but not full-scale scores variance attributable to random
performance between percentile B. To calculate both sub-test error is known as:
scores of 60 and 55: scores and full-scale scores A. The reliability coefficient
A. Is equivalent to that C. To calculate full-scale but B. The coefficient of non-
between percentile scores of 15 not sub-test scores determination
and 10 D. Only to determine special C. The error coefficient
B. Cannot be readily equated indices D. One minus the reliability
to all other 5 point differences coefficient
in percentiles IV. Reliability
C. Is equivalent to that 1. According to classical test score 7. Test-retest reliability is
between percentile scores of 60 theory, what happens to the true sometimes referred to as:
and 70 A. Stability
 B. Consistency Of judgment making D. The reliability of the test for
C. Long-term reliability B. Counting the frequency of the purposes for which we are
D. Concurrent reliability instances in which a panel of using it and the standard
experts disagree deviation of scores on the test
8. The domain sampling model C. Finding the proportion of
proposes that: instances in which a panel of 17. Equivalent forms of a test are
A. Items in a test are a random experts is undecided usually developed
sample from a population of D. Averaging the number of A. When the test is first
possible items decisions a panel of experts developed
B. The only items possible gets wrong B. When the test’s reliability is
have been used in the test first questioned
C. Items have been sampled 13. Inter-rater reliability: C. When the test is first re-
without replacement A. Overcomes the problems of administered
D. The majority of items have test reliability D. When the test is being
the same content B. Is a special case of test revised
reliability
9. The domain sampling model as C. Cannot be estimated 18. The Spearman-Brown prophecy
originally conceived could not deal statistically formula is so called because it
well with: D. Uses the same formula as purports to indicate:
A. Split half reliability that used for equivalent forms A. What the reliability of the
B. Internal consistency reliability test would be if certain changes
reliability were made to it
C. Equivalent forms reliability 14. The concept of ‘domain B. What the individual’s true
D. Test-retest reliability sampling’ in the psychometric score on the test is
theory of reliability refers to: C. What an individual’s score
10. Which of the following A. Sampling persons from the on the test will be at some
procedures does not yield an population with whom a test future time
estimate of the reliability of a test? may be used D. What the person’s true
A. Correlating the total of all B. Sampling items from the score would be if the test were
even-numbered items with the total population of possible items lengthened
of all odd-numbered that could be used in a test
Items C. Sampling tests from the 19. The Spearman-Brown prophecy
B. Correlating the total of population of tests available to formula requires:
items in the first half of the test with measure a construct A. The reliability of the current
the total of items in D. Sampling methods from the test
The second half of the test population that could be used B. The number of items in the
C. Correlating each item with to construct a test current test
the total score on the test C. Both a and b
D. Finding the average of the 15. The standard error of D. Neither a nor b
correlation of each item with every measurement of a raw score
other item A. Increases directly as the 20. The internal consistency of a
reliability increases test would be high if:
11. Estimating test reliability by B. Decreases directly as the A. It included items that
correlating scores from two reliability increases related to different aspects of
administrations of the test 6 months C. Increases proportionately as the construct to be measured
apart assumes: the reliability increases B. It included items that related
A. The trait being measured D. Decreases proportionately to different constructs
changes over time as the reliability increases C. Each item was drawn from a
B. The trait being measured is different item domain
essentially episodic in character 16. In making judgments about the D. All the items were the same
C. The trait being measured precision of a score on a test we
does not change over time need to know 21. A high coefficient alpha
D. There is a systematic A. The reliability of the test for indicates that:
practice effect on the test the purpose for which we are A. The test has high
using it generalizability
12. The reliability of expert B. The standard deviation of B. Scores on the test are stable
judgment can be estimated by: scores on the test C. The test has high internal
A. Correlating the judgments C. The mean and standard consistency
made by a panel of experts deviation of scores on the test D. The test has only one factor
over a number of instances
22. Reliability of a test: B. Directly with the square D. Depends on the judgment of
A. Can change if the range of root of the product of their those who developed the test
scores on the test is smaller reliabilities
relative to the original sample C. Inversely with the sum of 2. The first test developer to be
of scores their reliabilities concerned with the issue of test
B. Is an unchanging property D. Inversely with the square validity was:
of a test root of the lower of the two A. Charles Spearman
C. Changes from one reliabilities B. David Weschler
administration of a test to C. Alfred Binet
another 28. Two variables may not correlate D. Charles Stanford
D. Will differ depending on the highly:
mean score of the sample or A. Because of the poor 3. The validity of a psychological
the test reliability of one or both of test was first considered from the
them perspective of validity and only
23. Coefficient alpha can be B. Because their standard subsequently from the perspective
calculated: errors of measurement are of _____validity:
A. Only for tests with skewed in opposite directions A. Predictive; construct
dichotomously scored items C. Because their reliabilities B. Construct; predictive
B. Only for tests with items are unknown C. Predictive; concurrent
that have three or more D. Because similar items have D. Concurrent; predictive
categories been used in assessing both
C. Only for tests that use a variables 4. Constructs are:
yes/no or true/false format A. Invented by psychologists
D. For all objectively scored 29. Reliability is: B. Given by the order of nature
tests A. Relevant when considering C. Found in psychological test
the score a person obtains on a data
24. Generalizability theory requires test or other assessment device D. Peculiar to the theory of test
that we know: B. Relevant only when validity
A. The reliability of the test psychological test results are
B. The standard error of the being considered but not when 5. Content validity:
test expert judgement are employed A. Has no role in test
C. How the test is to be used C. Irrelevant for most practical development
D. The mean score on the test decision making with B. Is another name for
psychological tests construct validity
25. Expectations about what D. Relevant for tests of C. Is relevant in developing
constitutes a satisfactory degree of intelligence only achievement tests
reliability: D. Was relied on by Binet and
A. Depend on the purpose for 30. Reliability of an assessment Simon in their work in test
which the test is being used device can be improved within development
B. Have been determined by limits by:
consensus A. Increasing its length (e.g. 6. Members of the general public to
C. Seldom depart from the Using more items) whom psychological tests are
agreed value of 0.9 B. Decreasing the time taken to administered:
D. Depend on the magnitude of administer it A. Have no way of knowing
the standard error of C. Supplementing it with the what a test is about unless told
measurement judgment of the assessor by the test administrator
D. Replacing it with the B. Can often guess the nature
26. In general the best reliabilities judgment of the assessor or purpose of a test from the
have been obtained with items included in it
psychological tests in the: C. Always know what a test is
A. Cognitive domain V. Validity about
B. Personality domain 1. The validity of a psychological D. Can never guess the range
C. Motivation domain test for a given purpose: within which their score on the
D. Projective domain A. Depends on the theory and test will lie
data available to support its use
27. The correlation between scores B. Is determined at the time the 7. In determining predictive validity
on two variables varies: test is developed we need to have:
A. Directly with the product of C. Is an immutable A. A highly select group with
their reliabilities characteristic of the test respect to the construct being
assessed
 B. A way of judging the B. The average of the cross B. The individual does not
appropriateness of the content products of the raw scores for belong to the criterion group
of the test items the two variables when they do
C. Another test of the same C. The average of the raw C. The individual belongs to
construct scores of the two variables neither group
D. A criterion relevant to D. The average of the cross D. The individual belongs to
performance on the test but products of the variables the non-criterion group when
external to it. expressed as z scores they do

8. A test of scholastic aptitude is 12. A test with a validity coefficient 17. False positive errors:
administered at the beginning of of 0.4 improves the prediction of A. Should invariably be
first semester and the the criterion by: minimized
academic performance of the A. 40 per cent relative to that B. May be less costly in some
sample is examined at the end of based on a random process situations than false negative
the first year of university (i.e. two B. An unknown amount errors
semesters later). a failure to find a C. The square of the validity C. Are in inverse proportion to
high-to-perfect correlation between coefficient, i.e., 16 per cent false negative errors
test scores and academic D. 1 minus the validity D. Are unlikely in most
performance: coefficient, i.e., 60 per cent practical situations where tests
A. Indicates the test lacks are employed
predictive validity 13. When the predictive validity of
B. Indicates the test lacks a psychological test is compared to 18. The base rate of a characteristic
concurrent validity the prediction that would be made if in a population is:
C. Is highly unlikely no test were available, we speak of: A. The proportion of the
D. May indicate a lack of test A. Concurrent validity population showing the
validity but may also reflect B. Incremental validity characteristic
intervening effects unrelated to C. Face validity B. The proportion of the
scholastic aptitude D. Construct validity population likely to be selected
C. The proportion of the
9. In the standard approach to 14. In the regression approach to population showing the
predictive validity, the validity predictive validity the estimate of characteristic and likely to be
coefficient is estimated by error is referred to as the selected
A. The slope of a straight line A. Standard error of the mean D. One minus the proportion of
relating test scores and B. Standard error of estimate the population showing the
criterion C. Standard error of characteristic
B. The distance of the straight measurement
line relating test scores and D. Standard error of the 19. The selection ratio is:
criterion from the x axis criterion A. The sum of the false
C. The distance of the straight positives and the valid
line relating test scores and 15. Decision theory was developed positives
criterion from the y axis to help with decisions being made B. The sum of the false
D. The length of the straight where: positives and the false
line relating test scores and A. There is a degree of negatives
criterion uncertainty C. The sum of the valid
B. Errors are unlikely positives and the valid
10. The standard method for fitting C. There are many possible negatives
a regression line to a set of data is outcomes D. One minus the base rate
referred to as: D. The regression approach
A. An approximation cannot be employed 20. Manipulating the selection ratio
B. The least squares method where this is possible:
C. The Procrustes method 16. In a two-choice decision A. can improve the effectiveness of
D. Regression to the mean problem (the person belongs to the selection
criterion group or they do B. can change the base rate
11. The basic formula for the not), a false negative decision C. can increase the valid negative
correlation between two variables would be that: decisions
is: A. The individual belongs to D. has no influence on the outcome
A. The average of the z scores the criterion group when they of selection
for the two variables do not
21. The sensitivity of a test in
clinical diagnosis is:
 A. The number of valid B. Trait variance has been C. Continues to be the major
positives divided by the partialled out approach to the construction of
number of those encountered C. Trait variance will exert a personality tests
who show the characteristic stronger effect than method D. Ensures that all items in the
being diagnosed variance test have high face validity
B. The number of valid D. Trait variance will be
positives divided by one minus smaller than method variance 2. The first step in constructing a
the base rate psychological test is to:
C. Another term for the 27. Factor analysis of supposedly A. Determine the sample size
specificity of a test independent sets of creativity and to which the test is
D. The likelihood the test can intelligence tests points to a single administered
be faked factor. This suggests: B. Review the relevant
A. The need to repeat the literature
22. An early exposition of the idea analysis C. Identify a likely publisher
of construct validity was in a paper B. The lack of construct for the test
by: validity of the creativity tests D. Be clear about the construct
A. Binet and Terman C. The tests were too short or constructs to be assessed
B. Cronbach and Fiske D. A good selection of tests with the test
C. Cronbach and Meehl
D. Cronbach and Campbell 28. To show some evidence of 3. Psychological tests:
construct validity a test of moral A. Conform to the highest
23. Construct validity: development should: possible form of measurement
A. Can be approached in a A. Show differences between B. Seldom achieve more than a
number of different ways older and younger children statement about rank order in
B. Is determined by one B. Show stability over the life terms of the characteristic of
particular method span interest
C. Is an alternative to C. Show higher scores for C. Provide for a true zero in
predictive validity adolescents than adults terms of the characteristic
D. Is based on decision theory D. Be unrelated to age trends D. Invariably specify equal
intervals on their measurement
24. Campbell and Fiske devised the 29. Having provided evidence of scales
multitrait–multimethod matrix to the construct validity of a test:
assist in the analysis of: A. It is unnecessary to examine 4. Because 0˚C does not represent
A. Convergent and its predictive validity in a the complete absence of heat, the
discriminant validity situation where it is to be Celsius scale cannot be considered:
B. Concurrent and predictive employed A. A ratio scale
validity B. Is strong evidence for the B. A reliable scale
C. Sensitivity and specificity face validity of the test C. A random scale
D. Content and face validity C. Means no further work on D. A representative scale
validity is required 5. The Mental Measurements
25. A multitrait–multimethod D. Does not preclude Yearbook is:
matrix includes: examining validity for specific A. A catalogue of test reviews
A. Correlations of two or more purposes B. A classification scheme for
variables measured using two mental disorder
or more methods 30. Examining the validity of a test: C. An encyclopedia of
B. Correlations of two or more A. Helps refine our psychometric
variables measured using the understanding of the construct D. A handbook of good
same method operationalized in the test practice in assessment
C. Correlations of the same B. Extends the range of
variable measured using two or application of the test 6. According to S.S Stevens, which
more methods C. Provides a better test of the following is not a type of
D. All of the above D. All of the above measurement?
A. Ordinal
26. In a multitrait–multimethod VI. Test Construction B. Interval
analysis it is assumed that if a 1. The empirical approach to C. Dichotomous
reasonable level of validity has psychological test development: D. Nominal
been achieved: A. Begins with a sound theory
A. Method variance is non- B. Relies on the frequency of 7. The model of measurement that
existent endorsement of items by underlies many commercially
selected groups available psychological
tests is: 13. Scalogram analysis implies that B. Preparing a manual for the
A. The manifest trait model a person’s position on a trait test user
B. The weak true score model indicates: C. Deciding on price
C. S.S Steven’s measurement A. Whether they will get a test D. Selecting an attractive
types item right or wrong packaging
D. The Guttman model B. That they are more likely to
get the item right than wrong 19. A good manual for a
8. A trace line for an item relates: C. That they are likely to get psychological test
A. The outline of the item to the item right or wrong but it is A. Indicates to the unqualified
the specification of the by no means certain potential user that they should
construct D. That they will be unsure of not be using the test
B. The inverse of the strength the correct response B. Is comprehensible to the
of the trait to item frequency qualified test user
C. The proportion of items 14. Multiple choice tests provide C. Is precise enough to satisfy
correct to the strength of the more than two options for each measurement specialists
underlying trait question to overcome the problem D. All of the above
D. The likelihood of of:
endorsement of the item to the A. Faking 20. In norming a test we need to
strength of the underlying trait B. Carelessness bear in mind:
C. Defensiveness A. How we ensure the sample
9. Item Response Theory is a D. Guessing is normally distributed
stricter model for test construction B. How we ensure everyone in
than classical true score theory in 15. An important step in writing the sample is normal
that it: items for psychological tests is to: C. What we expect the average
A. Specifies the parameters of A. Pilot test the items with response to be
the trace line individuals similar to those for D. How the test is to be used
B. Requires more of the items whom the test is being
in the test to conform to the developed 21. Although it is useful to include
model B. Provide translations into norms for different groups from the
C. Uses a steeper trace line other languages population we need to bear in mind
D. Includes classical true score C. Compare the content with that:
theory as a special case existing psychological tests A. Increasing the number of
D. Use item writers who are groups decreases the overall
10. In using Item Response Theory blind to the meaning of the sample size required
in practice construct being tested B. Increasing the number of
A. Item difficulty is often groups increases the overall
selected as the focus of interest 16. Test construction is: sample size required
B. The assumptions of the A. Is a linear process with one C. Increasing the number of
theory are ignored stage following the other groups increases the overall
C. Items of equal difficulty are without variation standard deviation
sought B. Is a relatively inexpensive D. Increasing the number of
D. Items of intermediate process groups decreases the overall
difficulty are sought C. Follows a sequence of steps standard deviation
but these steps may need to be
11. Thurstone’s model for item retraced from time to time 22. The biserial correlation
construction calls for a: D. Can be done quite quickly A. Is another name for the
A. Linear trace line using modern computers point biserial correlation
B. Monotonic trace line B. Is a type of product
C. Non-monotonic trace line 17. Items with very high or very moment correlation
D. Deterministic trace line low endorsement frequencies C. Can be estimated from the
generally are: item discrimination index
12. Thurstone’s approach to the A. Poor items D. Can be estimated from the
construction of attitude scales was B. Good items item reliability index
replaced for most practical purposes C. Reliable items
by one developed by: D. Valid items 23. In conducting item analysis in
A. Rensis likert test construction:
B. Louise guttman 18. In preparing a test for A. The procedure can be
C. Georg rasch publication we need to spend a repeated with new samples of
D. Charles spearman good deal of time on: items until a satisfactory set
A. Finding a publisher has been found
 B. The procedure should be C. People differ in how
used once and once only so as attractive they find social
not to capitalize on chance activities
C. The procedure can only be D. People differ in terms of
repeated using the same set of their tendency to agree rather
items than disagree with personality
D. The procedure cannot be statements
repeated with the same set of
items 28. In studying the behaviour of
items in a psychological test, one of
24. Systematic bias in a test can the item statistics recommended by
occur when: some experts is item reliability.
A. People respond to non- This is:
essential features of items A. The product of the item–
rather than to item content total correlation and the
B. Peoples’ responses to items variance of the item
varies greatly from one B. The product of the item–
administration of the items to total correlation and the
the next standard deviation of the item
C. Some people do not sustain C. The product of the square
their attention when answering roots of the item–total
the items correlation and item variance
D. Items are not easy to D. The product of the item–
understand total correlation and the square
root of the item variance
25. If a person endorses a
substantial number of items in the 29. The item validity is the:
improbable direction (e.g., ‘I A. Correlation of the item
have never told a lie in my life’), score with the total score on
we might infer the person is: the test
A. A living saint B. Correlation of the item with
B. Trying to create a an external criterion measure
favourable impression of of the construct being tested
himself or herself C. Average correlation of the
C. A very truthful individual item with all other items
D. Not paying attention D. Correlation of the item with Answers for Test I
26. If p is the proportion of a the average score on all other 1. A
sample endorsing a dichotomously items 2. D
scored item in the keyed 3. C
direction and q is 1-p (i.e., the 30. The discriminability of an item 4. B
proportion endorsing the item in the refers to the capacity of the item to: 5. A
opposite direction), then the A. Separate those that are high
6. B
standard deviation of scores on the and low on the trait of interest
7. C
item is: B. Distinguish between
minority and majority groups 8. A
A. √p
B. √q C. Identify those who get the 9. D
C. √pq item correct 10. B
D. pq D. Identify those who get the 11. C
difficult items right 12. A
27. The term ‘social desirability’ 13. C
when used with respect to 14. D
construction of a personality test 15. B
refers to the fact that: 16. A
A. People differ in their 17. C
tendency to create a favourable 18. B
impression of themselves when 19. A
answering test items 20. D
B. People differ in how 21. C
strongly they are drawn to the 22. D
company of others
23. B
24. B 20. C 16. B
25. A 21. B 17. B
26. D 22. A 18. A
27. B 23. D 19. A
28. C 24. B 20. A
29. A 25. A 21. A
30. D 26. C 22. C
27. B 23. A
Answers for Test II 28. A 24. A
1. A 29. A 25. D
2. D 30. B 26. C
3. C 27. B
4. B Answers for Test IV 28. A
5. B 1. B 29. D
6. A 2. A 30. D
7. C 3. A
8. D 4. B Answer for Test VI
9. D 5. A 1. B
10. B 6. D 2. D
11. C 7. A 3. B
12. A 8. A 4. A
13. A 9. D 5. A
14. C 10. C 6. C
15. D 11. C 7. B
16. B 12. A 8. D
17. D 13. B 9. A
18. A 14. B 10. A
19. C 15. B 11. C
20. D 16. D 12. A
21. A 17. A 13. A
22. B 18. A 14. D
23. B 19. C 15. A
24. D 20. D 16. C
25. C 21. C 17. A
26. A 22. A 18. B
27. B 23. D 19. D
28. A 24. C 20. D
29. C 25. C 21. B
30. C 26. A 22. C
27. A 23. A
Answers for Test III 28. B 24. A
1. C 29. A 25. B
2. B 30. A 26. C
3. A 27. A
4. D Answers for test V 28. B
5. A 1. A 29. B
6. A 2. C 30. A
7. B 3. A
8. C 4. A
9. A 5. C
10. B 6. C
11. A 7. D
12. C 8. D
13. D 9. A
14. C 10. B
15. B 11. D
16. C 12. A
17. B 13. B
18. A 14. B
19. C 15. A