Designation: A 839 – 02

Standard Specification for

Iron-Phosphorus Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Parts for Soft
Magnetic Applications1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 839; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope E 1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,

1.1 This specification covers parts produced from iron- Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel and in Iron, Nickel, and
phosphorus powder metallurgy materials. These parts are used Cobalt Alloys4
in magnetic applications requiring higher permeability and
3. Ordering Information
electrical resistivity and lower coercive field strength than
attainable routinely from parts produced from iron powder. 3.1 Purchase orders for parts conforming to this specifica-
1.2 Two powder types are covered; Type I containing tion shall include the following information:
nominally 0.45 % phosphorus, and Type II containing nomi- 3.1.1 Reference to this specification and year of issue/
nally 0.8 % phosphorus. revision.
1.3 This specification deals with P/M parts in the sintered or 3.1.2 The type of powder to be used (see 4.1 and Table 1).
annealed condition. Should the sintered parts be subjected to 3.1.3 Reference to an applicable part drawing.
any secondary operation that causes mechanical strain, such as 3.1.4 Quantity required.
machining or sizing, they should be resintered or annealed. 3.1.5 A critical cross section of the part shall be defined and
1.4 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch- so indicated on the applicable part drawing. The location of the
pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given critical section is by mutual agreement between the user and
in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which the producer (see 5.2).
are provided for information only and are not considered 3.1.6 Magnetic property requirements if they are other than
standard. stated in Table 2.
3.1.7 Whether certification of chemical analysis or magnetic
2. Referenced Documents property evaluation is required (see Sections 4 and 6).
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.1.8 Marking and packaging requirements (see Section 11).
A 34/A 34M Practice for Procurement, Testing and Sam- 3.1.9 Whether testing for magnetic aging is required.
pling of Magnetic Materials2 3.1.10 Exceptions to this specification or special require-
A 596/A 596M Test Method for Direct Current Magnetic ments such as functional testing, as mutually agreed upon
Properties of Materials Using the Ballistic Method and between the producer and the user.
Ring Specimens2
4. Chemical Composition
A 773/A 773M Test Method for dc Magnetic Properties of
Materials Using Ring and Permeameter Procedures with 4.1 The chemical composition of the parts shall conform to
dc Electronic Hysteresigraphs2 the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
B 328 Test Method for Density, Oil Content, and Intercon- 4.2 Chemical analysis for phosphorus shall be determined
nected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metal Structural Parts by wet chemistry in accordance with a method to be agreed
and Oil-Impregnated Bearings3 upon between the user and the producer. Analysis of carbon,
oxygen, and nitrogen shall be done in accordance with Test
Methods E 1019.
5. Sintered Density Requirements
5.1 Magnetic and residual induction of P/M parts strongly
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on depend on density. The density of P/M parts is determined by
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.02 on the compressibility of the powder, the compacting pressure,
Materials Specifications.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published November 2002. Originally
and sintering practice (temperature, time, and atmosphere).
published as A 839 – 85. Last previous edition A 839/A 839M – 96.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.04.
3 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 A 839 – 02
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition Requirements (in Weight for aging. To determine the susceptibility of the parts to aging,
Percent) the test ring(s) should be heated for either 100 h at 150°C or
Element Type I Type II 600 h at 100°C and the coercive field strength remeasured. A
Phosphorus 0.40/0.50 0.75/0.85 change in coercive field strength of 10 % or more of the
Carbon, max 0.03 0.03 original value is evidence that aging has occurred.
Oxygen, max 0.10 0.10
Nitrogen, max 0.01 0.01 6.7 Since magnetic properties are strongly affected by
IronA balance balance process conditions, refer to the Appendix X1-Appendix X3 for
A
Iron is the balance by difference. Quantitative analysis of this element is not typical values and explanatory notes.
required.
7. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance
TABLE 2 Maximum Coercive Field Strength Requirements 7.1 The parts shall be uniform in composition and uniform
Grade Powder Type I (0.45 % P) Powder Type II (0.8 % P) in density within critical sections.
1 1.4 Oe (110 A/m) 1.2 Oe (96 A/m) 7.2 If parts are sectioned or fractured, there shall be no
2 1.8 Oe (140 A/m) 1.4 Oe (110 A/m) readily recognizable defects.
3 2.0 Oe (160 A/m) 1.7 Oe (140 A/m)
8. Sampling
8.1 A lot shall consist of parts of the same form and
5.2 Parts produced in conformance with this specification dimensions, produced from a single mixed powder batch and
shall have a minimum sintered density of 6.8 g/cm3(6800 from an unchanged process, without discontinuity in produc-
kg/m3) in the critical section of the part. The critical section tion, and submitted for inspection at one time.
shall be defined by agreement between the user and the 8.2 The user and the producer shall agree upon a represen-
producer. tative number of specimens for testing.
5.3 Sintered density shall be determined in accordance with
Test Method B 328. 9. Rejection and Rehearing
9.1 Parts that fail to conform to the requirements of this
6. Magnetic Property Requirements
specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reported to
6.1 Due to the nature of P/M parts production, magnetic the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case of
testing of each lot is not required by this specification. dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer or
However, it is strongly recommended that the user require the supplier may make claim for a rehearing.
producer to conduct periodic magnetic evaluations and to 9.2 The disposition of rejected parts shall be subject to
certify the results obtained. Such magnetic property evalua- agreement between the user and the producer.
tions shall be conducted in the following manner.
6.2 When requested, each lot of parts should be sintered 10. Certification
with at least one and preferably three ring test specimens which 10.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, the
comply with the geometric requirements listed in Practice user shall be furnished certification that samples representing
A 34/A 34M. The ring specimen(s) shall be produced from the each lot have either been tested or inspected as directed in this
same mixed lot of powder used to produce the parts. specification and the requirements have been met.
6.3 The dc magnetic properties shall be determined in 10.2 When specified in the purchase order or contract, a
accordance with Test Methods A 596/A 596M or A 773/ report of the test results shall include:
A 773M. 10.2.1 Chemical composition,
6.4 For the purpose of this specification, only the coercive 10.2.2 Part density in the critical section,
field strength determined from a maximum applied magnetic 10.2.3 Magnetic test results, if required by the user, and
field strength of 15 Oe (1200 A/m) needs to be determined. 10.2.4 The results of any other tests stipulated in the
Other magnetic properties may be specified by mutual agree- purchase order or contract.
ment between the user and the producer.
6.5 Coercive Field Strength Requirements—Three grades, 11. Packaging and Package Marking
defined by coercive field strength, are stipulated by this 11.1 Packaging shall be subject to agreement between the
specification and are listed in Table 2. The coercive field user and the producer.
strength requirements for Type I are based on interlaboratory 11.2 Parts furnished under this specification shall be in a
study conducted by ASTM Committee B09. The requirements container identified by the name or symbol of the parts
for Type II are based on both interlaboratory study and producer.
technical literature.
6.6 Magnetic Aging—Nitrogen introduced during sintering 12. Keywords
can cause time-dependent degradation of magnetic properties. 12.1 coercive field strength; iron-phosphorus; powder met-
Therefore, when requested by the user, the producer shall test allurgy (P/M); P/M parts

2
 A 839 – 02
APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. TYPICAL MAGNETIC AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SINTERED AT 1120°C IN

DISSOCIATED AMMONIA

X1.1 The data provided in this appendix are for information is shown in both tables. For Table X1.1, the maximum flux
only and are not requirements in this specification. Typical density, residual induction, and coercive field strength are
magnetic and mechanical properties are listed in Table X1.1 measured from a maximum applied magnetic field strength of
and Table X1.2, respectively. The influence of sintered density 15 Oe (1200 A/m).

TABLE X1.1 Typical Magnetic Properties

Type I Powder (0.45 % P) Type II Powder (0.8 % P)
3
Sintered density, g/cm 6.8 7.0 7.2 6.8 7.0 7.2
(kg/m3) 6 800 7 000 7 200 6 800 7 000 7 200
(Relative) maximum permeability 2 300 2 600 2 700 3 500 4 000 4 500
Maximum flux density, G 10 500 11 500 12 500 11 000 12 000 13 000
(T) 1.05 1.15 1.25 1.10 1.20 1.30
Residual induction, G 8 500 9 000 10 000 10 000 11 000 12 000
(T) 0.85 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.20
Coercive field strength, Oe 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5
(A/m) 140 140 140 120 120 120

TABLE X1.2 Typical Mechanical Properties

Type I Powder (0.45 % P) Type II Powder (0.8 % P)
3
Sintered density, g/cm 6.8 7.0 7.2 6.8 7.0 7.2
(kg/m3) 6 800 7 000 7 200 6 800 7 000 7 200
0.2 % Offset yield strength, psi 30 000 32 000 35 000 40 000 45 000 50 000
(MPa) 210 220 240 280 310 340
Ultimate tensile strength, psi 40 000 45 000 50 000 48 000 50 000 55 000
(MPa) 280 310 340 330 340 380
Elongation in 1 in. (25.4 mm), % 5 7 7 2 3 3
Apparent hardness, HRB 40 45 55 55 65 70

3
 A 839 – 02

X2. TYPICAL MAGNETIC AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SINTERED AT 1120°C IN DRY HYDROGEN

X2.1 The data provided in this appendix are for information is shown in both tables. For Table X2.1, the maximum flux
only and are not requirements in this specification. Typical density, residual induction, and coercive field strength are
magnetic and mechanical properties are listed in Table X2.1 measured from a maximum applied magnetic field strength of
and Table X2.2, respectively. The influence of sintered density 15 Oe (1200 A/m).

TABLE X2.1 Typical Magnetic Properties

Type I Powder (0.45 % P) Type II Powder (0.8 % P)
3
Sintered density, g/cm 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.0 7.2 7.4
(kg/m3) 7 000 7 200 7 400 7 000 7 200 7 400
(Relative) maximum permeability 3 000 3 200 3 600 4 000 4 500 5 000
Maximum flux density, G 11 500 12 500 13 000 12 000 13 000 13 500
(T) 1.15 1.25 1.30 1.20 1.30 1.35
Residual induction, G 9 000 10 000 11 000 10 500 11 500 13 000
(T) 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.05 1.15 1.30
Coercive field strength, Oe 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.3
(A/m) 140 140 140 100 100 100

TABLE X2.2 Typical Mechanical Properties

Type I Powder (0.45 % P) Type II Powder (0.8 % P)
3
Sintered density, g/cm 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.0 7.2 7.4
(kg/m3) 7 000 7 200 7 400 7 000 7 200 7 400
0.2 % Offset yield strength, psi 32 000 35 000 38 000 45 000 48 000 53 000
(MPa) 220 240 260 310 330 360
Ultimate tensile strength, psi 45 000 50 000 55 000 53 000 57 000 62 000
(MPa) 310 340 380 360 390 430
Elongation in 1 in. (25.4 mm), % 7 7 7 4 4 4
Apparent hardness, HRB 45 55 60 65 70 75

4
 A 839 – 02

X3. TYPICAL MAGNETIC AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SINTERED AT 1260°C IN DRY HYDROGEN

X3.1 The data provided in this appendix are for information is shown in both tables. For Table X3.1, the maximum flux
only and are not requirements in this specification. Typical density, residual induction, and coercive field strength are
magnetic and mechanical properties are listed in Table X3.1 measured from a maximum applied magnetic field strength of
and Table X3.2, respectively. The influence of sintered density 15 Oe (1200 A/m).

TABLE X3.1 Typical Magnetic Properties

Type I Powder (0.45 % P) Type II Powder (0.8 % P)
3
Sintered density, g/cm 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.0 7.2 7.4
(kg/m3) 7 000 7 200 7 400 7 000 7 200 7 400
(Relative) maximum permeability 3 000 3 200 3 600 5 000 5 500 6 000
Maximum flux density, G 11 500 12 500 13 500 13 000 13 500 14 000
(T) 1.15 1.25 1.35 1.30 1.35 1.40
Residual induction, G 9 000 10 000 11 000 12 000 12 500 13 000
(T) 0.9 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.25 1.30
Coercive field strength, Oe 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0
(A/m) 120 120 120 80 80 80

TABLE X3.2 Typical Mechanical Properties

Type I Powder (0.45 % P) Type II Powder (0.8 % P)
3
Sintered density, g/cm 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.0 7.2 7.4
(kg/m3) 7 000 7 200 7 400 7 000 7 200 7 400
0.2 % Offset yield strength, psi 32 000 39 000 41 000 45 000 48 000 53 000
(MPa) 220 269 283 310 330 360
Ultimate tensile strength, psi 45 000 55 000 60 000 50 000 55 000 58 000
(MPa) 310 379 414 340 380 400
Elongation in 1 in. (25.4 mm), % 10 12 15 2 2 2
Apparent hardness, HRB 45 55 60 65 70 75

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