An American National Standard

Designation: F 2191 – 02

Standard Specification for

Packing Material, Graphitic or Carbon Braided Yarn1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke7

1.1 This specification covers staple or continuous filament D 3684 Test Method for Total Mercury in Coal by the
carbon/graphite yarn valve stem compression packing, suitable Oxygen Bomb Combustion/Atomic Absorption Method7
for use as end-rings on packing systems for valves. Intended D 3761 Test Method for Total Fluorine in Coal by the
services include steam, hydrocarbons, water and non-oxidizing Oxygen Bomb Combustion/Ion Selective Electrode
chemicals. Where this specification is invoked as ASTM Method7
F 2191, Sections 1-18 apply. Where this specification is in- D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging8
voked as ASTM/DoD F 2191, Sections 1-18 and the Supple- D 4239 Test Method for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of
mentary Requirements are applicable. Coal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the Combustion Methods7
standard. 2.2 Military Standards:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage9
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the MIL-P-24583 Packing Material, Graphitic or Carbon
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Braided Yarn9
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- MIL-P-24503 Packing Material, Graphitic, Corrugated Rib-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. bon or Textured Tape and Preformed Ring9
2.3 Fluid Sealing Association Handbook:
2. Referenced Documents Guidelines for the Use of Compression Packings, Copyright
2.1 ASTM Standards: 199710
C 135 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory
3. Terminology
Materials by Water Immersion2
C 561 Test Method for Ash in a Graphite Sample3 3.1 base fiber density—bulk density of the base fiber before
C 562 Test Method for Moisture in a Graphite Sample3 being coated or impregnated and braided into packing; ex-
C 816 Test Method for Sulfur in Graphite by Combustion— pressed as lb/ft3.
Iodometric Titration Method3 3.2 braided flexible graphite—a braid constructed of con-
C 889 Test Methods for Chemical and Mass Spectrographic tinuous strands or strips of expanded flexible graphite tape or
Analysis of Nuclear-Grade Gadolinium Oxide (Gd2O3) ribbons which may have been overwrapped or have imbedded
Powder4 reinforcing fibers.
D 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen- 3.3 carbon fibers—fibers used in braided packing are pro-
eral Bomb Method)5 duced from viscose rayon, pitch, or polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
D 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water 6 and are defined as a yarn with a carbon assay of less than 99 %.
D 1179 Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in Water6 3.4 carbon yarns—manufactured from continuous or staple
D 1246 Test Method for Bromide Ion in Water6 carbon fibers that are twisted or plied into continuous indi-
D 3178 Test Methods for Carbon and Hydrogen in the vidual strands of between 6 and 18 µm in diameter.
3.5 carbon/graphite fibers—carbon/graphite fibers used in
braided packing are produced from viscose rayon, pitch, or
polyacrylonitrile (PAN).
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships 3.6 center or corner filler strands—strands of fiber/yarn that
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.02 on run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the braid in the corners
Insulation/Processes.
Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published September 2002.
2 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.06.
3 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
4 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 12.01. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, Attn: NPODS.
6 10
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Available from the Fluid Sealing Association, 994 Old Eagle School Road,
Suite 1019, Wayne, PA 19087-1866.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 F 2191 – 02
or center to control the internal density and dimensional TABLE 2 Detrimental Materials (Class 2 only (see 13.8))
stability of the braid. Maximum Allowable Total
3.7 continuous—individual fibers are almost infinite in Element Impurity Levels in
parts per million (ppm)
length.
Mercury (Hg) 10
3.8 continuous or staple carbon/graphite—continuous or Sulfur (S) 750
staple defines the length of the individual fibers in the Total halogens (chlorine, bromine, and fluorine) 500
carbonaceous yarn. Continuous means the fibers are infinite in Chlorine (Cl) 250
Bromine (Br) 250
length and staple means the individual fibers are at least 75 mm Fluorine (F) 250
(3 in.) long and preferably 150 to 200 mm (6 to 8 in.) long. All
of the fibers are between 6 to 18 µm in diameter and are
twisted/plied into continuous strands called yarns.
3.9 corrosion inhibitors—additives to the yarn or braid to dimensions of the cut end extending from the cut for a distance
function in a passive or sacrificial manner to reduce galvanic greater than that specified along the axis of the packing.
corrosion such as embedded zinc powder, phosphorus, or 4. Classification
barium molybdate.
3.10 detrimental materials—abrasive or chemically active 4.1 Classification—The material shall be of the following
constituents such as abrasive ash particles (in high ash content types, classes, and grades, as specified (see 5.1):
foils) or elemental materials as in Table 2. 4.1.1 Type I—Continuous carbon or graphite yarn.
3.11 diagonal interlocking braid—these strands criss-cross 4.1.2 Type II—Staple carbon or graphite yarn.
from the surface of the braid diagonally through the body of the 4.1.3 Type III—Braided flexible graphite.
braid and each strand is strongly locked by other strands to 4.1.3.1 Class 1—For use where detrimental material and
form an integral structure (see Fig. 1). lubricant content of the packing need not be controlled beyond
3.12 dispersion—various coatings or impregnants added to normal manufacturing limits.
the base fibers or braid to facilitate handling, lubricate the 4.1.3.2 Class 2—For use where detrimental materials con-
fibers, accelerate break-in, or act as blocking agents during use. tent must be controlled to limits specified herein.
3.13 graphite fibers—fibers used in braided packing are 4.1.3.3 Class 3—For use where detrimental materials con-
produced from viscose rayon, pitch, or polyacrylonitrile (PAN) tent need not be controlled beyond normal manufacturing
and are defined as a yarn with a carbon assay of 99 % or higher. limits, and media temperatures do not exceed 500°F (260°C).
3.14 graphite yarns—manufactured from continuous or (1) Grade A—Treated with corrosion inhibitor.
staple graphite fibers that are twisted or plied into continuous (2) Grade B—No corrosion inhibitor.
individual strands between 6 to 18 µm in diameter.
5. Ordering Information
3.15 lot—all finished packing of one size, type, class, and
grade produced in a continuous run or at the same time and 5.1 Acquisition Requirements—Acquisition documents
under essentially the same conditions. must specify the following:
3.16 PAN—polyacrylonitrile fibers used as precursors to 5.1.1 Title, number, and date of this specification.
manufacture carbon/graphite for braided packing. 5.1.2 Type, Class and Grade required (see Section 4).
3.17 PTFE—polytetrafluoroethylene. (Warning— 5.1.3 Carbon or graphite.
Graphitic valve packing containing PTFE has been associated 5.1.4 Type of corrosion inhibitor.
with accelerated valve stem corrosion.) 5.1.5 Chemical properties (see 7.1).
3.18 specific gravity—the ratio of the mass of a unit volume 5.1.6 Inspection, testing, and certification of the material
of a material at a stated temperature to the mass of the same shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier as
volume of distilled water at the same temperature. part of the purchase contract.
3.19 square plait braid—the strands in this type of braid 5.1.7 Size required (see 9.1). When pre-cut rings are de-
interlock in a single plane and do not interlock through the sired, specify the braid cross-section, inside diameter, outside
body of the braid (see Fig. 1). diameter, and number of rings required.
3.20 staple carbon/graphite—individual fibers are at least 5.1.8 Put-up, if other than required by Table S4.1 (see
75 mm (3 in.) long and preferably 150 to 200 mm (6 to 8 in.) Supplementary Requirements).
long. 5.1.9 Application data.
3.21 unraveling—a loss of the original braiding shape or 5.1.10 Packaging requirements (see Section 18 and Supple-
mentary Requirements).
TABLE 1 Chemical and Physical Properties 5.1.11 Marking requirements (see 17.1 and Supplementary
Property Value Test Requirements).
Carbon Assay
Graphitic 99 % by mass, min. 13.4 6. Materials and Manufacture
Carbon 95 % by mass, min. 13.4
Ash 1 % by mass, max. 13.5 6.1 Materials and Manufacture—The material shall be as
Finished Packing (in as-supplied state): specified in 6.1.1-6.1.5.
Specific gravity 1.38 g/cc, min. 13.6 6.1.1 Yarn:
Moisture content 3 %, max. 13.7
Compression recovery 25 %, min. 13.10 6.1.1.1 Type I packing shall be made of continuous filament
carbon or graphite yarn.

2
 F 2191 – 02

FIG. 1 Packing Construction

6.1.1.2 Type II shall be made of staple carbon or graphite than 6 mm (1⁄4 in.). Cross-sectional sizes of 6 mm (1⁄4 in.) or
yarn. greater shall use a diagonal interlocking type construction. The
6.1.1.3 Type III shall be made of flexible graphite. diagonal interlocking constructions shall consist of either
6.1.2 Packing: single or plied yarns braided on 12, 18, 20, 24, 32, or 36 carrier
6.1.2.1 Class 1 packing shall be made of Type I or Type II braiding machines. Additional axial center, corner, and (stuffer)
yarn and shall have a pure graphitic dispersion or carbon warp yarn(s) can be added within the braid as necessary to
dispersion. produce a dense square cross-section packing profile with good
6.1.2.2 Class 2 packing shall be made of Type I yarn and dimensional stability.
shall have a pure graphite or carbon dispersion. 6.1.5 Mercury Exclusion—During manufacturing, fabrica-
6.1.2.3 Class 3 packing shall be made of Type I or Type II tion, handling, packaging, and packing, the packing material
yarn and shall have a pure graphite, or carbon dispersion and shall not come in contact with mercury or mercury containing
may be coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (see 7.2 compounds.
and 13.9).
6.1.3 Coating and Corrosion Inhibiting Treatments: 7. Properties
6.1.3.1 Grade A—Grade A packing shall be provided with a 7.1 Chemical and Physical Properties—Unless otherwise
powdered zinc (Zn) active corrosion inhibiting treatment or a specified, the properties of the finished packing shall conform
passive inhibiting treatment such as phosphorus or barium to the requirements of Table 1. Class 2 also requires compli-
molybdate. If required, both active and passive inhibitors shall ance with Table 2.
be used. 7.2 PTFE Coating (Class 3 only)—If PTFE is used, it shall
6.1.3.2 Grade B—Grade B packing shall not contain corro- not exceed 10 % by mass of the packing (see 13.9) unless
sion inhibiting additives. otherwise agreed to by the purchaser. (Warning—Graphitic
6.1.4 Packing Construction (Type I and Type II)—Packing valve packing containing PTFE has been associated with
shall be square (plait) braided for cross-sectional sizes smaller accelerated valve stem corrosion.)

3
 F 2191 – 02
7.3 Prohibited Additions—There shall be no intentional 13. Test Methods
additions of any of the detrimental materials listed in Table 2 or 13.1 Tests—In the event that tests are required as part of the
any antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), purchasing requirements 5.1, tests shall be made in accordance
gallium (Ga), indium (In), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), silver (Ag), with the following tests or by way of alternate methods of
or tin (Sn), or, in the case of Grade B packing, zinc (Zn). analysis with equal to or improved accuracy and precision. The
8. Other Requirements use of an alternate analytical method requires the prior written
consent of the purchasing party before acceptance will be
8.1 Braid Geometry Retention—Untaped, cut ends shall not allowed.
unravel more than 3 mm (1⁄8 in.) with the packing dry or wet 13.2 Size—Before unbraiding, the size shall be determined
(see 13.11). For example, packing 12 mm (1⁄2-in.) in cross by measuring each sample selected for visual examination (see
section shall not unravel more than 3 mm (1⁄8 in.) at either end Table 3). A steel rule with 1 mm (1⁄32 in.) divisions accurate to
of the packing. 1 mm (1⁄32 in.) or a steel slide caliper with 1 mm (1⁄32 in.) and
9. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations 0.5 mm (1⁄64 in.) divisions shall be used (see 9.1).
13.3 Mass—The mass shall be determined using a specimen
9.1 Sizes and Mass—Packing shall be furnished in the sizes
at least 609.6 mm (2 ft) in length for measurement in
shown in Table 3, or other size(s) as is ordered by the customer,
conjunction with the values of Table 4.
(see Section 5 and 6.1.4). Packing shall be formed approxi-
13.4 Carbon Assay—The sample shall be dried to a constant
mately square or rectangular in cross-section (either when
mass at 149 6 3°C (300 6 5°F) before testing. For Grade A
straight or when placed about a shaft) within the dimensional
packing only, the test shall be conducted prior to the corrosion
tolerances of Table 3. When specified in the purchase docu-
inhibiting treatment or the added mass of the corrosion
ment (see 5.1 and 13.2), the mass per linear foot (or other
inhibitor shall be determined and subtracted from the base
measure) shall be in accordance with the sizes listed in Table 4.
mass of the sample. The percent carbon shall be based upon
Sizes not listed in Table 4 shall be as agreed between purchaser
mass of the dried sample. This determination shall be made in
and manufacturer and specified in Section 5, Ordering Infor-
accordance with Test Methods D 3178 or an alternate method
mation. Minimum mass per linear foot should be included as a
of analysis with equal or improved accuracy and precision (see
part of the bid and purchase documents.
Table 1).
9.1.1 Tolerance and Measurement Standards—The gener-
13.5 Ash Content—The ash content shall be determined in
ally accepted method of measurements in the packing manu-
accordance with Test Method C 561 (see Table 1). For Grade A
facturing environment is a hand held, direct reading, vernier
packing only, the test shall be conducted prior to the corrosion
caliper. To ensure concentricity, the inside diameter is mea-
inhibiting treatment or the added mass of the corrosion
sured using a ground dimensional plug gauge and the outside
inhibitor shall be determined and subtracted from the base
diameter is measured by the above (caliper) while the plug is
mass of the sample.
inserted. Information regarding tolerance and measurement is
13.6 Specific Gravity—This determination shall be made in
available in the Guidelines for the Use of Compression
accordance with Test Method C 135, modified as follows:
Packings published by the FSA.
(Alternative methods of analysis with equal or improved
10. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance accuracy and precision (see Table 1) can be used upon receipt
10.1 Workmanship—The packing shall be free of defects of prior written consent and approval by the purchaser.)
that have the potential to affect its serviceability as defined in 13.6.1 Preparation for Test Method C 135—A 50 g (1.7637
Table 5. oz) sample shall be prepared for grinding by unbraiding,
10.2 Construction—The sample shall be visually examined cutting, or otherwise reducing the braided packing to pieces not
and confirmed to be of the correct braid construction (square larger than 3 mm (1⁄8 in.).
plait braid or diagonal interlocking braid) for the ordered size NOTE 1—Test Method C 135 uses a water pycnometer test method. Test
(see 5.1 and 6.1.4). procedures using a gas pycnometer-based analytical method shall forego
the need to reduce of the sample to its fiber state.
11. Quality Assurance
13.7 Moisture Content—The moisture content shall be de-
11.1 Quality Systems—Manufacturers shall be prepared to termined in accordance with Test Method C 562 (see Table 1).
document use of a quality system such as compliance with an 13.8 Detrimental Materials Tests—For determination of the
ISO 9000 series program or similar program. detrimental materials listed in Table 2 for Class 2 only, the test
12. Specimen Preparation methods of Table 6 or alternate methods of equal or improved
accuracy and precision shall be used.
12.1 Specimen Preparation—Buyer and seller shall agree 13.9 Analysis for PTFE Coating (Class 3 only)—A 5 g
on specimen preparation. specimen of packing shall be placed in a crucible and heated at
104 6 1°C (220 6 2°F) to constant mass (original dry mass)
TABLE 3 Manufacturing Tolerances by Cross-Sectional Size
at room temperature. Then the specimen shall be heated at 316
Cross Section SI Cross Section IP Tolerance SI Tolerance IP
6 5.5°C (600 6 10°F) for 24 h, cooled, and the mass
Up to 6 mm Up to 1⁄4 in. 60.4 mm 61⁄64 in. determined. The same specimen shall then be heated at 482 +
6 to 25 mm, incl 1⁄4 to 1 in., incl 60.8 mm 61⁄32 in.
greater than 25 mm greater than 1 in. 61.6 mm 61⁄16 in. 14 − 0°C (900 + 25 − 0°F) for 3 h, cooled, and the mass
determined. After the 482°C (900°F) heating, the crucible mass

4
 F 2191 – 02
TABLE 4 Sizes and Mass of Packing
Types I and II Types I and II Type III Type III
Nominal Size Nominal Size
Minimum Mass Minimum Mass Minimum Mass Minimum Mass
(mm) (in.)
(g/linear meter) (lb/linear ft) (g/linear m) (lb/linear ft)
3 18 ⁄ 6.7 .0045 10.4 .007
3.8 ⁄
5 32 10.4 .007 16.4 .011
4.5 3⁄16 13.4 .009 25.3 .017
5.3 7⁄32 19.4 .013 34.3 .023
6 1⁄4 25.3 .017 44.7 .030
6.8 9⁄32 31.3 .021 55.1 .037
7.6 5⁄16 38.7 .026 64.0 .043
8.4 11⁄32 47.7 .032 76.0 .051
9 3⁄8 56.6 .038 90.9 .061
9.6 13⁄32 65.5 .044 107.2 .072
10.2 7⁄16 77.5 .052 119.2 .080
10.8 15⁄32 87.9 .059 148.9 .100
12 1⁄2 99.8 .067 165.3 .111
12.8 17⁄32 113.2 .076 184.7 .124
13.6 9⁄16 126.6 .085 195.1 .131
14.2 19⁄32 141.5 .095 250.2 .168
15 5⁄8 156.4 .105 238.3 .160
16.5 11⁄16 189.2 .127 311.3 .209
18 3⁄4 226.4 .152 312.8 .210
19.5 13⁄16 265.2 .178 537.7 .361
21 7⁄8 306.8 .206 558.6 .375
22.5 15⁄16 353.0 .237 616.6 .414
24 1 402.2 .270 506.4 .340
30 11⁄4 627.1 .421 996.5 .669

TABLE 5 Classification of Visual Defects rigid and maintained parallel during the testing. After the
Areas of loose weave in braid weight of the upper plate has been applied to the specimen for
Frayed braid surface at least 15 s, measure and record the thickness (P) of the
Clumps of yarn fibers protruding from surface
Yarn knots excessively sized or extending beyond the braid surface preloaded specimen. Several measurements about the circum-
Uneven or irregular stitch pattern ference of the test plate shall be taken and averaged for this,
Particulate or extraneous matter on surface
Lack of corrosion inhibitor (Grade A only)
and subsequent, measurements.
13.10.2 Apply the major load, by either the top or bottom
plate, along an axis passing through the center of the specimen
shall be redetermined without the specimen unless a platinum in a slow, uniform manner so that the major load is attained
crucible was used. The new mass of the crucible shall be used within 20 6 5 s. The major load is that load which will produce
to determine the mass of the residue after heating. Heating a stress of 316.4 kg/cm2 6 10 % (4500 lbs/in.2 6 10 %) on the
shall be done in a ventilated hood to avoid exposure to toxic area of the specimen initially in contact with the lower test
vapors. The percentage of PTFE shall be calculated as follows, plate.
based on an average of three determinations (see 7.2). 13.10.3 Maintain the major load for at least 60 s and
100~F 2 N! measure and record the thickness (M) of the fully loaded
Percent PTFE 5 W specimen.
13.10.4 Immediately remove the major load and after about
where: 60 s measure and record the recovered thickness (R) under the
W = average original dry mass of specimens after extrac- original preload.
tion,
F = average mass of residue in crucibles after heating at 13.10.5 Calculate the percent compression recovery (PCR)
316°C (600°F), and as follows:
N = average mass of residue in crucibles after heating at ~R 2 M!
PCR 5 3 100
482°C (900°F). ~P 2 M!
13.10 Compression Recovery—Three specimens, each 44 6
13.11 Braid Geometry Retention—Cut a 50 6 1.5 mm (2 6
3 mm (1.750 6 0.125 in.) long, shall be prepared from the
⁄ in.) length packing (the ends shall not be taped prior to or
1 16
sample and the results of the following test of each specimen
after cutting). Soak the test piece in room temperature water for
averaged for comparison with the compression recovery limit
15 min, minimum. The packing shall not unravel at the ends
of Table 1.
more than 3 mm (1⁄8 in.) at either end (see 8.1).
13.10.1 Center the specimen on a flat plate which is larger
than the specimen and has its upper surface perpendicular
14. Inspection and Testing
(62°) to the load to be applied. Place a flat plate of similar size
on top of the specimen so that its lower surface is parallel 14.1 Inspection and testing of the material shall be agreed
(62°) to the upper surface of the bottom plate. The upper plate upon between the purchaser and the supplier as part of the
shall weigh 2.27 6 0.45 kg (5 6 1 lb). Both plates shall be purchase contract (see 5.1).

5
 F 2191 – 02
TABLE 6 Detrimental Material Tests
Element Preparation/Analysis Test Methods
Chlorine (Cl), (1) Pyrohydrolysis (ASTM C 889)/Ion Chromatographic Analysis
Bromine (Br) (2) ASTM D 129/ASTM D 512
(3) ASTM D 1246 (for Bromine)
Fluorine (F) (1) Pyrohydrolysis (ASTM C 889)/ Selective Ion Electrode or Ion
Chromatographic Analysis
(2) ASTM D 129/ASTM D 1179
(3) ASTM D 3761 (sample preparation and analysis)
Sulfur (S) (1) High temperature combustion in 100 % Oxygen/Non-Dispersive
Infrared Analysis or Ion Chromatographic Analysis
(2) ASTM C 816 (sample preparation and analysis)
(3) ASTM D 4239 Method #3 (sample preparation and analysis)
Mercury (Hg) (1) Direct analysis of volatile elements (Hg) by Emission
Spectrographic Method
(2) Direct analysis of volatile elements by Atomic Absorption per
ASTM D 3684

15. Rejection intentional constituents. Instead of specific test results for the
15.1 Materials that fail to conform to the requirements of lot to be delivered, certifications shall be based on tests of both
this specification shall be rejected. Rejection shall be reported raw materials and production lots of similar finished packing
to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case of material over an extended time period (not exceeding three
dissatisfaction with the results of testing, the producer shall years between tests). Any change to manufacturing processing
make claim for a rehearing or provide for third party testing. which affects product composition, including changes to raw
material, binders, or inhibitors (Grade A) shall require addi-
16. Certification tional testing to form the basis for future certifications.
16.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, the
purchaser shall be furnished certification that samples repre- 17. Product Marking
senting each lot have been tested and the requirements have 17.1 Marking—For commercial shipment, marking shall be
been met. When specified in the purchase order or contract, a in accordance with accepted industry practices or as required in
report of the test results shall be furnished. the purchase contract (see 5.1). Marking shall include type of
16.2 Detrimental Materials Control—For Class 2 material corrosion inhibitor, if any.
only, the vendor shall provide certification that the limits of
Table 2 have been met and that low melting metals (anitmoney 18. Packaging
(Sb), aresenic (As), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), tin 18.1 Commercial Packaging—Commercial packaging shall
(Sn), gallium (Ga), indium (In), silver (Ag), mercury (Hg) and be in accordance with Practice D 3951 or as required in the
zinc (Zn) [zinc for Grade B only]) have not been added as purchase contract (see 5.1).

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
contract or order. All of these Supplementary Requirements and Sections 1–18 are applicable where
this specification is invoked as ASTM/DoD F 2191. This specification is adapted from MIL-P-24583.

S1. DoD Intended Use ing zinc powder corrosion inhibitor only, corresponds to the
S1.1 Type I packings are intended for general shipboard Grade I classification of MIL-P-24583.
service as anti-extrusion end-rings to be used in conjunction S3. Materials and Manufacture
with corrugated ribbon or preformed ring graphitic packing
S3.1 Coating and Corrosion Inhibiting Treatments:
material in valves. Grade A packing is intended for use in
S3.1.1 Grade A—Grade A packing shall be provided with a
valves with non-corrosion resistant (for example, carbon steel,
powdered zinc (Zn) active corrosion inhibiting treatment only
400 series stainless steel) stem and packing gland parts.
(2 % zinc, by weight, minimum).
S3.1.2 Grade B—Grade B packing shall not contain corro-
S2. Classification
sion inhibiting additives.
S2.1 The Type (I and II) and Class classifications of this
specification correspond to the Type and Class classifications S4. Dimensions and Tolerances
of MIL-P-24583. S4.1 Put-Up—Unless otherwise specified (see Section 5),
S2.2 The Grade B classification of this specification corre- packing shall be uniformly coiled on spools or reels of the size
sponds to the Grade N classification of MIL-P-24583. specified (see Section 5) in accordance with Table S4.1. No
S2.3 The Grade A classification of this specification, utiliz- more than three segments of packing shall be provided on the

6
 F 2191 – 02
TABLE S4.1 Put-Up
Packing Size, Packing Size, Package, Package,
mm in. (net mass in kg) (net mass in lb)
2.4 through 8.7 ⁄ through 11⁄32
3 32 0.45, 0.9 or 1.35 kg spools 1, 2, or 3 lb spools
9.5 through 15.1 ⁄ through 19⁄32
38 0.9, 1.35, or 2.28 kg spools 2, 3, or 5 lb spools
15.9 5⁄8 1.35, 2.28, 4.54 or 11.4 kg reels 3, 5, 10, or 25 lb reels
17.5 11⁄16 1.35, 2.28, 4.54 or 11.4 kg reels 3, 5, 10, or 25 lb reels
19.0 3⁄4 2.28, 4.54 or 11.4 kg reels 5, 10, or 25 lb reels
20.6 13⁄16 2.28, 4.54 or 11.4 kg reels 5, 10, or 25 lb reels
22.2 7⁄8 2.28, 4.54, 11.4 or 22.7 kg reels 5, 10, 25, or 50 lb reels
23.8 15⁄16 2.28, 4.54, 11.4 or 22.7 kg reels 5, 10, 25, or 50 lb reels
25.4 1 4.54, 11.4 or 22.7 kg reels 10, 25, or 50 lb reels
31.8 11⁄4 4.54, 11.4 or 22.7 kg reels 10, 25, or 50 lb reels

smallest spool or reel. that are in new condition. The entire piping system and valves
shall be insulated so as to minimize heat loss. Thermocouples
S5. Quality Assurance shall be installed so as to indicate the actual steam temperature.
S5.1 As a minimum, manufacturers shall provide and main- The simulator shall be capable of holding a temperature of 524
tain an inspection system that meets the requirements of 6 14°C (975 6 25°F) and a pressure of 84 6 3.5 kg/cm2 (1200
ANSI/ASQC Q9003. 6 50 lb/in.2) for the duration of the test. The packing shall be
installed and the gland initially adjusted so that no leakage
S6. Test Methods occurs with the system at its operating temperature and
S6.1 Examination for Visual and Dimensional Defects— pressure. The valve shall be fully cycled manually not less than
Units shall be examined for visual and dimensional defects as once every half-hour (full close to full open). The following
follows: schedule shall be followed for running the test (test need not be
S6.1.1 Size—The size of each unit selected shall be mea- conducted over a weekend period, if desired):
sured for conformance with the requirements of Section 9, 12 6 1 days at temperature 524 6 14°C (975 6 25°F) and
including Table 3, and 13.2. 84 6 3.5 kg/cm2 (1200 6 50 lbs/in.2) pressure
35 6 5 days at ambient temperature and pressure
S6.1.2 Visual Examination—Each unit selected shall be (system shut down; valves need not be cycled)
visually examined to determine conformance with the require- 5 6 1 days at 524 6 14°C ( 975 6 25°F) and 84 6 3.5 kg/cm2
ments of 10.1, including Table 5. (1200 6 50 lb/in.2) pressure
S6.1.3 Construction—Each unit selected shall be visually There shall be no steam leakage from the packing gland
examined to determine conformance with the requirements of during the simulated performance test at a temperature of 524
10.2. 6 14°C (975 6 25°F) and a pressure of 84 6 3.5 kg/cm2 (1200
S6.2 Examination for Preparation for Delivery—Each unit 6 50 lb/in.2). There shall also be no corrosion or degradation
selected shall be visually examined to determine compliance of the packing gland at the completion of the test. Any leakage
with packaging requirements (see Sections 5 and 18) and or gland adjustment shall be recorded. This test is equivalent to
marking requirements (see Sections 5 and 9). the simulated performance test of MIL-P-24503.
S6.3 Simulated Performance—The test shall be conducted
in an apparatus designed to simulate conditions in valves in S7. Inspection and Testing
actual service. A schematic of the test rig is shown in Fig. S6.1. S7.1 Unless otherwise specified (see Section 5), first article
The valves used in the simulator shall have glands and stems testing and quality conformance testing are required. The

FIG. S6.1 Test Rig

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inspections and tests making up the first article and quality TABLE S7.2 Sampling
conformance testing are as follows: Lot Size Sample Size
S7.2 First Article Tests—First article testing shall consist of 2 to 50 Lesser of 5 or size of lot
the examinations and tests of Table S7.1. 51 to 90 7
91 to 150 11
S7.3 Quality Conformance Tests—Quality conformance 151 to 280 13
testing shall be in accordance with Table S7.1. 281 to 500 16
S7.4 Sampling: 501 to 1200 19
1201 to 3200 23
S7.4.1 Sampling for Visual and Dimensional Examination 3201 to 10 000 29
(S6.1)—As a minimum, the contractor shall randomly select a 10 001 to 35 000 35
quantity of sampling units from each lot of graphitic or carbon 35 001 to 500 000 (and above) 40
braided yarn packing material in accordance with Table S7.2
and subject them to the examinations for visual and dimen- type of inhibitor (if any) of the packing material. In addition,
sional defects of S6.1. The sample size depends on the lot size. the item description marking shall include the phrase “ASTM/
If one or more defects are found in any sample, the entire lot DoD F 2191” to identify the applicability of this specification
shall be rejected. The contractor has the option of screening and any special marking which may be required, such as bar
100 % of the rejected lot for the defected characteristics or coding (see Section 5). Marking for DoD procurements shall
providing a new lot, which shall be selected in accordance with be in accordance with MIL-STD-129.
the sampling plan herein. The contractor shall maintain for a S9.2 Spool/Reel Marking—If packing is to be provided on
period of three years after contract completion, records of spools or reels, the required information of S9.1, and the
inspections, tests, and any resulting rejections. National Stock Number and contract number, shall be marked
S7.4.2 Sampling for Chemical and Physical Property and on the spool or reel.
Detrimental Material Tests—A single random sample shall be S10. Rejection
selected from each lot for the testing of 13.3-13.11.
S7.4.3 Sampling for Examination for Preparation for De- S10.1 Known Defects—Materials that fail to conform to the
livery (S6.2)—The lot size shall be the number of shipping requirements of this specification shall not be offered for
containers . Sampling shall be in accordance with Table S7.2. delivery.
S7.4.4 Sampling for Simulated Performance Test (S6.3)—A S10.2 Buyer Testing—The buyer reserves the right to per-
sample of sufficient size shall be selected for the simulated form any of the inspections and tests set forth in this specifi-
performance test. cation. Materials that fail to conform to the requirements of this
specification shall be rejected. Rejection will be reported to the
S8. Certification producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case of
S8.1 Simulated Performance Test—After the simulated per- dissatisfaction with the results of testing, the producer shall
formance test is once performed acceptably, providing product make claim for a rehearing or provide for third party testing.
composition and processing has not been changed, a certificate S10.3 Replacement of Test Specimens—A test specimen
of compliance, citing the test report or document accepting shall be discarded and a replacement specimen selected from
compliance with the test requirement, shall be provided there- the same lot of material under the following conditions:
after. S10.3.1 Where the specimen is incorrectly prepared.
S10.3.2 Where the test procedure is incorrect.
S9. Product Marking S10.3.3 Where there is a malfunction of the testing equip-
S9.1 Minimum Product Marking—Item description marking ment.
shall include, as a minimum, the size, type, class, grade and S10.3.4 Where a flaw that is not indicative of an inferior or
defective lot of material develops during the test.
TABLE S7.1 First Article and Quality Conformance Tests
S10.4 Retests—Retests are only permitted for ash content,
First Quality
Requirements Article Conformance
graphite purity, bulk density and detrimental material tests.
Tests Tests Retests shall be performed on twice the number of specimens
Examination for visual and 9, 10, 13.2 S6.1 S6.1 that were originally nonconforming. Retest specimens shall be
dimensional defects taken in the vicinity of the initial location of a failed specimen.
Mass 9.1 13.3 13.3 If any of the retest specimens fail, the lot shall be rejected with
Carbon assay Table 1 13.4 13.4
Ash Table 1 13.5 13.5 no further retesting permitted.
Specific gravity Table 1 13.6 13.6 S10.5 Resubmittal of Rejected Lots—A rejected lot can be
Moisture content Table 1 13.7 13.7 resubmitted for acceptance provided that the rejected lot is
Detrimental materials (Class 2 only) Table 1 13.8 13.8
PTFE coating 7.2 13.9 13.9 reworked, as necessary, to correct the nonconforming condi-
Compression recovery Table 1 13.10 13.10 tion. Reworking shall consist of any procedure required to
Braid geometry retention 8.1 13.11 13.11 correct physical, mechanical or dimensional deficiencies in
Simulated performance S6.3 N/A
Examination for preparation for delivery N/A S6.2 nonconforming material to meet specification requirements
without adversely affecting its other required characteristics.

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APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. RATIONALE (COMMENTARY)

This appendix provides general background information for and military ship requirements in the supplementary require-
this specification, which is an adaptation of the former MIL- ments section. It is noted that some Grade A military ASTM/
P-24583, “Packing Material, Graphitic or Carbon Yarn.” The DoD packings are restrictive in terms of the corrosion inhibi-
intent of this specification is to provide general guidance tors.
describing commercial packing requirements in the main body

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
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responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

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United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
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